A hydraulic automatic height-adjusting support, a bridge and a self-adaptive adjustment method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a hydraulic automatic height adjustment support, a bridge and an adaptive adjustment method thereof, wherein a top groove is arranged above a bottom groove; a steel support comprises a crown body, a middle axis and a base, and the two ends of the middle axis are respectively connected to the crown body and the base; the crown body is connected to the top groove, and an elastic layer is arranged between the crown body and the top groove; the bottom groove has an inner cavity, the base is arranged in the inner cavity of the bottom groove and can move up and down along the inner cavity of the bottom groove, and a through hole communicating with the inner cavity is arranged at the upper end of the bottom groove, and the middle axis passes through the through hole; a sealing structure is arranged between the base and / or the middle axis and the bottom groove, and the middle axis, the bottom groove and the sealing structure enclose an upper oil pressure cavity with a variable volume; an elastic support layer is arranged at the bottom of the bottom groove; the upper oil pressure cavity is filled with hydraulic oil, and a one-way oil leakage mechanism is arranged on the base, and the one-way oil leakage mechanism can make the hydraulic oil in the upper oil pressure cavity flow to the bottom of the base. The support height of the present invention can be adaptively adjusted, so as to protect the upper structure of the bridge from being affected when foundation settlement occurs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of bridge engineering, and in particular to an oil pressure type automatic height adjustment support, a bridge and a self-adaptive adjustment method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As an important part of the bridge structure, the bridge bearing is an important component connecting the upper and lower structures of the bridge. Its function is to safely and effectively transfer the various loads (static, dynamic and impact loads) borne by the upper structure to the pier, and at the same time ensure that the deformation (horizontal displacement and rotation) of the upper structure caused by factors such as load, temperature change, concrete shrinkage, etc. will not have an adverse effect on the lower structure such as the pier. The performance of the bearing directly affects the reliability of the bridge's mechanical performance and the safety of its operation.

[0003] Bridge bearings can be divided into two categories according to their functions: fixed bearings and sliding bearings. Fixed bearings, also known as fixed hinge bearings, are used to transmit vertical stress and horizontal force, allowing the bridge superstructure support to rotate in the vertical plane but limiting its displacement in the horizontal direction. Sliding bearings are divided into unidirectional sliding bearings and multi-directional sliding bearings according to whether their sliding direction is restricted. Sliding bearings only transmit vertical stress to ensure free rotation and translation when factors such as load, temperature change, concrete shrinkage and creep act on the bridge span.

[0004] Bridge bearings can be divided into steel bearings, reinforced concrete bearings, rubber bearings and special bearings (such as shock-absorbing bearings, tension bearings, etc.) according to the materials. Plate rubber bearings are mostly used for conventional structures; when there is a higher seismic requirement, pot-type rubber bearings or seismic isolation bearings are mostly used.

[0005] At present, there are three main types of bearings commonly used in highway bridges, namely plate rubber bearings, pot rubber bearings and spherical bearings. Plate rubber bearings achieve horizontal displacement of the bearing through shear deformation of rubber, and achieve slight rotation of the bearing through uneven elastic compression of rubber; pot rubber bearings achieve large horizontal displacement through the low friction coefficient of polytetrafluoroethylene plates, achieve rotation of the bearing through uneven compression of rubber blocks, and obtain large supporting capacity through the rubber blocks in the three-way compressed pot. Spherical bearings achieve rotation of the bearing through the sliding of the spherical slide on the spherical crown lining, and achieve horizontal displacement through the upper bearing plane slide.

[0006] The current bridge bearings can achieve horizontal displacement and rotation, as well as reliable transmission of loads. However, they cannot provide vertical displacement when facing foundation settlement. With the rapid increase in demand for bridge construction, the geological environment of bridge sites has gradually diversified, such as soft rock layers, soft soil foundations, and areas with active ground fissures. At the same time, with the increase in bridge spans, bridge types such as continuous beams and continuous rigid frames are widely used. Soft soil foundation displacement and ground fissure activity can cause foundation settlement, which in turn destroys the linearity and integrity of the superstructure of continuous beams and continuous rigid frames, and even causes cracks in the main beams. In the mildest case, it affects the safety and comfort of vehicle driving, and in the worst case, it makes the bridge inoperable. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic automatically adjustable height support, a bridge and an adaptive adjustment method thereof. The support height of the present invention can be adaptively adjusted, thereby protecting the superstructure of the bridge from being affected when foundation settlement occurs.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A hydraulic automatic height-adjusting support comprises a top groove, a steel support and a bottom groove;

[0010] The top groove is arranged above the bottom groove;

[0011] The steel support includes a crown body, a central axis and a base, and the two ends of the central axis are connected to the crown body and the base respectively;

[0012] The crown body is connected to the top groove, and an elastic layer is provided between the crown body and the top groove;

[0013] The bottom groove has an inner cavity, the base is arranged in the inner cavity of the bottom groove and can move up and down along the inner cavity of the bottom groove, the upper end of the bottom groove is provided with a through hole connected with the inner cavity, and the central axis passes through the through hole; a sealing structure is arranged between the base and / or the central axis and the bottom groove, and the central axis, the bottom groove and the sealing structure enclose an upper oil pressure cavity with a variable volume; an elastic support layer is arranged at the bottom of the bottom groove;

[0014] The upper oil pressure chamber is filled with hydraulic oil, and a one-way oil leakage mechanism is provided on the base, which can make the hydraulic oil in the upper oil pressure chamber flow to the bottom of the base.

[0015] Preferably, a cavity is opened inward at the bottom of the top groove for the crown body to be embedded in, and the radial dimension of the cavity mouth is smaller than the radial dimension of the crown body and larger than the radial dimension of the central axis; a gap of a preset distance is left between the top of the crown body and the top of the cavity, and the elastic layer is filled in the gap.

[0016] Preferably, the top surface of the crown body is in the shape of a spherical crown; the center of the sphere corresponding to the top surface of the crown body is located on the axis of the central axis, the top of the cavity is in the shape of a spherical crown, the top of the cavity has the same radius as the top surface of the crown body, and the center of the sphere corresponding to the top of the cavity is located on the axis of the central axis.

[0017] Preferably, the surface of the central shaft in contact with the through hole on the bottom groove and the surface of the base are both provided with an isolation layer to prevent erosion by hydraulic oil;

[0018] The isolation layer on the base is provided with through holes for the hydraulic oil to flow at the inlet and outlet positions of the one-way oil leakage mechanism.

[0019] Preferably, the one-way oil leakage mechanism comprises a stepped hole opened on the base and a blocking ball, a blocking net and a spring arranged in the stepped hole, the stepped hole comprises a small diameter section located on the upper side and a large diameter section located on the lower side; the blocking ball, the blocking net and the spring are arranged in the large diameter section, the blocking net is fixedly connected to the large diameter section, the blocking ball is arranged above the blocking net, and the spring is arranged between the blocking ball and the blocking net and is in a compressed state;

[0020] The lower end of the small diameter section is provided with a spherical chamfer matched with the surface of the barrier ball, and the barrier ball can achieve sealing of the lower end of the small diameter section after contacting the spherical chamfer.

[0021] Preferably, the sealing structure provided between the base and / or the central axis and the bottom groove adopts an elastic sealing plug, and the elastic sealing plug is provided at the upper part of the base and close to the through hole on the bottom groove.

[0022] Preferably, the elastic sealing plug includes an outer elastic sealing plug and an inner elastic sealing plug, the lower part of the inner elastic sealing plug is connected to the base, and the upper part of the inner elastic sealing plug is connected to the upper wall of the inner cavity of the bottom groove; the outer elastic sealing plug is located between the inner elastic sealing plug and the central axis, the lower part of the outer elastic sealing plug is connected to the central axis, and the upper part of the outer elastic sealing plug is connected to the upper wall of the inner cavity of the bottom groove.

[0023] Preferably, the elastic supporting layer comprises a plurality of layers of steel plates and a plurality of layers of rubber plates, and the plurality of layers of steel plates and the plurality of layers of rubber plates are alternately stacked.

[0024] Preferably, a plurality of one-way oil leakage mechanisms are evenly distributed around the base; an elastic sealing ring is sleeved on the central axis, and the elastic sealing ring is located between the top groove and the bottom groove; the elastic layer is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene plate;

[0025] The top of the top groove extends outward to form a flange plate, and a plurality of top groove bolt reserved holes are arranged at equal intervals in the flange plate along the circumferential direction;

[0026] The bottom of the bottom groove extends outward to form a flange plate, and a plurality of bottom groove bolt reserved holes are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the flange plate;

[0027] The top groove, bottom groove, inner cavity of the bottom groove, crown body, central axis and base are all cylindrical.

[0028] The present invention also provides a bridge, comprising a main beam, a support pedestal stone and the hydraulically-type automatic height-adjustable support as described above, wherein the main beam is located above the support pedestal stone, the hydraulically-type automatic height-adjustable support is arranged between the main beam and the support pedestal stone, the top of the top groove is connected to the main beam, and the bottom of the bottom groove is connected to the support pedestal stone.

[0029] The present invention also provides a method for adaptively adjusting the bridge as described above, comprising the following process:

[0030] When the foundation of the bridge has not settled: the elastic support layer at the bottom of the bottom trough supports the steel support, the steel support supports the top trough, and the top trough supports the main beam; or, there is a preset distance between the base of the steel support and the elastic support layer at the bottom of the bottom trough, and the lower oil pressure cavity surrounded by the bottom trough, the elastic support layer and the base is filled with hydraulic oil, at this time, the elastic support layer supports the hydraulic oil in the lower oil pressure cavity, the hydraulic oil in the lower oil pressure cavity supports the steel support, the steel support supports the top trough, and the top trough supports the main beam;

[0031] When the foundation of the bridge settles, the bearing pedestal stone drops along with the settlement of the foundation, and the bottom groove drops along with the bearing pedestal stone. The bottom groove and the steel support move relative to each other, which increases the distance between the base of the steel support and the elastic support layer at the bottom of the bottom groove, increases the volume of the lower oil pressure cavity, and generates negative pressure in the lower oil pressure cavity. The hydraulic oil in the upper oil pressure cavity enters the lower oil pressure cavity from the one-way oil leakage mechanism by using the negative pressure, and the hydraulic oil entering the lower oil pressure cavity compensates for the increased space in the lower oil pressure cavity.

[0032] When the foundation settlement of the bridge stabilizes, the vertical displacement of the bridge stabilizes, and the one-way oil leakage mechanism cuts off the oil circuit.

[0033] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] In the hydraulic automatic height-adjusting support of the present invention, the bottom groove has an inner cavity, the base is arranged in the inner cavity of the bottom groove and can move up and down along the inner cavity of the bottom groove, so the base can move relative to the steel support with the settlement of the bridge foundation, and can realize adaptive height adjustment of the settlement of the foundation, and a sealed chamber is formed between the inner cavity of the base and the base of the steel support, and the sealed chamber is used as the lower oil pressure chamber; a sealing structure is arranged between the base and / or the middle shaft and the bottom groove, and the middle shaft, the bottom groove and the sealing structure surround an upper oil pressure chamber with a variable volume, and the upper oil pressure chamber is filled with hydraulic oil, and a one-way oil leakage mechanism is arranged on the base. The hydraulic oil in the upper oil pressure chamber can flow to the bottom of the base, so when the base and the steel support move relative to each other (the relative movement is the downward movement of the bottom groove relative to the steel support), the volume of the lower oil pressure chamber will increase and negative pressure will be generated inside. At this time, due to the one-way oil leakage mechanism, the hydraulic oil in the upper oil pressure chamber flows into the lower oil pressure chamber through the one-way oil leakage mechanism. When the pressure inside the lower oil pressure chamber and the upper oil pressure chamber is balanced, the one-way oil leakage mechanism can cut off the oil circuit and prevent the hydraulic oil in the lower oil pressure chamber from flowing back to the upper oil pressure chamber, so that the bridge can reach a new balance in the vertical direction, thereby realizing adaptive adjustment of the settlement of the bridge. The elastic support layer and the elastic layer are arranged to prevent the rigid contact between the steel support and the bottom groove and the top groove respectively, play a certain shock absorption and buffering role, and ensure the stability, safety and service life of the entire hydraulic automatic height adjustment support. In summary, the support height of the present invention can be adaptively adjusted, so as to protect the upper structure of the bridge from being affected when foundation settlement occurs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydraulic automatic height-adjusting support after installation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 A top view of a hydraulic automatic height-adjusting support according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] FIG3 (a) is a schematic diagram of the structure of a one-way oil leakage mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG3 (b) is a schematic diagram of the structure of a retaining net;

[0038] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the top groove structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the steel support structure in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 A top view of the base of the steel support in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the bottom tank structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 A schematic top view of the bottom tank in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] FIG9 (a) is a front view of an elastic sealing ring in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG9 (b) is a top view of the elastic sealing ring;

[0044] In the figure, 1-first fine-rolled threaded steel, 2-main beam, 3-top steel pad, 4-top groove, 4-1-bolt hole, 5-first nut, 6-first bolt, 7-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene plate, 8-steel support, 9-elastic sealing ring, 9-1-elastic sealing ring center hole, 10-isolation layer, 11-outer elastic sealing plug, 12-inner elastic sealing plug, 13-upper oil pressure cavity, 14-bottom groove, 14-1-through hole, 15-one-way oil drain pipe, 16-lower Oil pressure chamber, 17-steel plate, 18-rubber plate, 19-bottom steel pad, 20-second bolt, 21-second nut, 22-support pad stone, 23-second fine-rolled threaded steel, 24-thin tube, 25-thick tube, 26-blocking ball, 27-blocking net, 28-spring, 29-crown top, 30-crown body, 31-central axis, 32-base, 33-slot body, 34-flange plate, 35-cavity, 36-top slot bolt reserved hole, 37-bottom slot bolt reserved hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0046] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The hydraulic automatic height-adjusting support of the present invention comprises a top groove 4, a steel support 8 and a bottom groove 14; the top groove 4 is arranged above the bottom groove 14; the steel support 8 comprises a crown body 30, a middle axis 31 and a base 32, and the two ends of the middle axis 31 are respectively connected to the crown body 30 and the base 32; the crown body 30 is connected to the top groove 4, and an elastic layer is arranged between the crown body 30 and the top groove 4; the bottom groove 14 has an inner cavity, and the base 32 is arranged in the inner cavity of the bottom groove 14 and can move up and down along the inner cavity of the bottom groove 14, and the bottom groove 1 The upper end of the base 32 is provided with a through hole connected to the inner cavity, and the central axis 31 passes through the through hole; a sealing structure is provided between the base 32 and / or the central axis 31 and the bottom groove 14, and the central axis 31, the bottom groove 14 and the sealing structure enclose an upper oil pressure cavity 13 with a variable volume; an elastic supporting layer is provided at the bottom of the bottom groove 14; the upper oil pressure cavity 13 is filled with hydraulic oil, and a one-way oil leakage mechanism is provided on the base 32, and the one-way oil leakage mechanism can make the hydraulic oil in the upper oil pressure cavity 13 flow to the bottom of the base 32.

[0047] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5The bottom of the top groove 4 is provided with a cavity 35 for the crown body 30 to be embedded inwardly. The radial dimension of the mouth of the cavity 35 is smaller than the radial dimension of the crown body 30 and larger than the radial dimension of the central axis 31. This structure can increase the contact area between the crown body 30 and the top groove 4 and reduce the contact pressure; a gap of a preset distance is left between the top of the crown body 30 and the top of the cavity 35, and the elastic layer is filled in the gap.

[0048] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The top surface of the crown body 30 is in the shape of a spherical crown; the center of the sphere corresponding to the top surface of the crown body 30 is located on the axis of the central axis 31; the top of the cavity 35 is in the shape of a spherical crown; the top of the cavity 35 has the same radius as the top surface of the crown body 30; the center of the sphere corresponding to the top of the cavity 35 is located on the axis of the central axis 31; both the cavity 35 and the crown body 30 are in the shape of a spherical crown; this structure allows a slight rotation between the crown body 30 and the cavity 35, and this rotation will not cause deformation of the edge parts of the cavity 35 and the crown body 30, thereby ensuring the stability of the structure of the cavity 35 and the crown body 30, and further ensuring the force transmission and support effects; the center of the spherical crown is located on the axis of the central axis 31, so the force transmission effect of the central axis 31 can be ensured.

[0049] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 5 The surface of the central axis 31 in contact with the through hole on the bottom groove 14 and the surface of the base 32 are both provided with an isolation layer 10 to prevent the erosion of hydraulic oil; the isolation layer 10 on the base 32 is provided with through holes for the circulation of hydraulic oil at the inlet and outlet of the one-way oil leakage mechanism. The isolation layer 10 can prevent the corrosion of the central axis 31 and the base 32 by the hydraulic oil, and can effectively ensure the sealing between the base 32 and the bottom groove 14 and the smooth relative sliding.

[0050] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 3(a) and Figure 5 The one-way oil leakage mechanism includes a stepped hole opened on the base 32 and a blocking ball 26, a blocking net 27 and a spring 28 arranged in the stepped hole. The stepped hole includes a small diameter section located on the upper side and a large diameter section located on the lower side; the blocking ball 26, the blocking net 27 and the spring 28 are arranged in the large diameter section, the blocking net 27 is fixedly connected to the large diameter section, the blocking ball 26 is arranged above the blocking net 27, and the spring 28 is arranged between the blocking ball 26 and the blocking net 27 and is in a compressed state; the lower end of the small diameter section is provided with a spherical chamfer adapted to the surface of the blocking ball 26, and the blocking ball 26 can achieve sealing of the lower end of the small diameter section after contacting the spherical chamfer. The structure is simple and can make the hydraulic oil move only in one direction, thereby ensuring the stability of the entire support after the adaptive adjustment of the present invention.

[0051] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 1 The sealing structure arranged between the base 32 and / or the central axis 31 and the bottom groove 14 adopts an elastic sealing plug. The elastic sealing plug is arranged on the upper part of the base 32 and close to the through hole on the bottom groove 14. The elastic sealing plug can play a sealing role on the one hand, and can also be deformed on the other hand, so that the upper oil pressure chamber 13 can be deformed when negative pressure is generated in the lower oil pressure chamber 16, thereby ensuring that the hydraulic oil can flow smoothly from the upper oil pressure chamber 13 into the lower oil pressure chamber 16.

[0052] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 1 The elastic sealing plug includes an outer elastic sealing plug 11 and an inner elastic sealing plug 12. The lower part of the inner elastic sealing plug 12 is connected to the base 32, and the upper part of the inner elastic sealing plug 12 is connected to the upper wall of the inner cavity of the bottom groove 14; the outer elastic sealing plug 11 is located between the inner elastic sealing plug 12 and the central axis 31, the lower part of the outer elastic sealing plug 11 is connected to the central axis 31, and the upper part of the outer elastic sealing plug 11 is connected to the upper wall of the inner cavity of the bottom groove 14.

[0053] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 7 The elastic supporting layer includes several layers of steel plates 17 and several layers of rubber plates 18, and the several layers of steel plates 17 and the several layers of rubber plates 18 are alternately stacked.

[0054] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 6 , a plurality of one-way oil leakage mechanisms are evenly distributed around the base 32, so that the hydraulic oil in the upper oil pressure chamber 13 can quickly, smoothly and relatively evenly enter the lower oil pressure chamber 16 in the entire horizontal plane, thereby ensuring the sensitivity of the adaptive adjustment of the present invention; Figure 1 9 (a) and 9 (b), the middle shaft 31 is sleeved with an elastic sealing ring 9, and the elastic sealing ring 9 is located between the top groove 4 and the bottom groove 14; the elastic layer is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene sheet 7; refer to Figure 4 The top of the top groove 4 extends outward to form a flange plate, and the flange plate is arranged with a plurality of top groove bolt reserved holes 36 at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, referring to Figure 7 and Figure 8 The bottom of the bottom groove 14 extends outward to form a flange plate, and a plurality of bottom groove bolt reserved holes 37 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the flange plate; the top groove 4, the bottom groove 14, the inner cavity of the bottom groove 14, the crown body 30, the central axis 31 and the base 32 are all cylindrical.

[0055] Reference Figure 1The present invention also provides a bridge, including a main beam 2, a support pedestal 22 and the hydraulic automatic height-adjusting support as described above. The main beam 2 is located above the support pedestal 22, and the hydraulic automatic height-adjusting support is arranged between the main beam 2 and the support pedestal 22. The top of the top groove 4 is connected to the main beam 2, and the bottom of the bottom groove 14 is connected to the support pedestal 22.

[0056] The present invention also provides a method for adaptively adjusting the bridge as described above, referring to Figure 1 - Figure 9 (b), including the following process:

[0057] When the foundation of the bridge does not settle: the elastic support layer at the bottom of the bottom groove 14 supports the steel support 8, the steel support 8 supports the top groove 4, and the top groove 4 supports the main beam 2; or, there is a preset distance between the base 32 of the steel support 8 and the elastic support layer at the bottom of the bottom groove 14, and the lower oil pressure cavity 16 surrounded by the bottom groove 14, the elastic support layer and the base 32 is filled with hydraulic oil. At this time, the elastic support layer supports the hydraulic oil in the lower oil pressure cavity 16, and the hydraulic oil in the lower oil pressure cavity 16 supports the steel support 8, the steel support 8 supports the top groove 4, and the top groove 4 supports the main beam 2;

[0058] When the foundation of the bridge settles, the support pedestal 22 descends along with the settlement of the foundation, and the bottom groove 14 descends along with the support pedestal 22. The bottom groove 14 and the steel support 8 move relative to each other, so that the distance between the base 32 of the steel support 8 and the elastic support layer at the bottom of the bottom groove 14 increases, and the volume of the lower oil pressure chamber 16 increases, and negative pressure is generated in the lower oil pressure chamber 16. The hydraulic oil in the upper oil pressure chamber 13 enters the lower oil pressure chamber 16 from the one-way oil leakage mechanism by using the negative pressure, and the hydraulic oil entering the lower oil pressure chamber 16 compensates for the increased space of the lower oil pressure chamber 16.

[0059] When the foundation settlement of the bridge stabilizes, the vertical displacement of the bridge stabilizes, and the one-way oil leakage mechanism cuts off the oil circuit.

[0060] Example

[0061] The hydraulic automatic height-adjusting support of this embodiment includes a top groove 4, an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene plate 7, an elastic sealing ring 9, a steel support 8, an outer elastic sealing plug 11, an inner elastic sealing plug 12, a bottom groove 14, a rubber plate 18 and a steel plate 17. Figure 1 ~Figure 9(b).

[0062] like Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, the top groove 4 is a steel hollow cylinder. The main structure of the top groove 4 is a steel cylindrical groove body 33 with a cavity inside. The edge of the top surface extends outward to form a flange plate 34. The flange plate 34 has four bolt reserved holes 36 arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction; the center of the bottom surface is opened and expanded upward to a spherical crown support surface to form an internal cavity 35 of the top groove 4. For details, see Figure 4 ;

[0063] The steel support 8 is a steel crown cylinder, including a crown 29, a crown body 30, a central axis 31, a base 32 and a one-way oil drain pipe 15. The main body of the steel support 8 is a cylindrical central axis 31; the cross section of the central axis 31 is enlarged and extends upward to form a cylindrical crown body 30; the cross section of the crown body 30 extends upward and gradually decreases to form a crown 29, and the crown 29 and the crown body 30 are combined to form a flange-type spherical crown support; the cross section of the central axis 31 is enlarged and extends downward to form an enlarged cylindrical base 32. Four groups of one-way oil drain pipes 15 are symmetrically arranged along the circumference of the base 32 at equal intervals, with two in each group. See details. Figure 5~Figure 6 .

[0064] The bottom groove 14 is a cylindrical steel barrel structure, with a through hole 14-1 in the center of the top, which is a circular hole with a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the central axis 30 of the steel support 8; the bottom is closed, with steel plates 17 and rubber plates 18 placed alternately inside to form an elastic support at the bottom of the steel support 8, and the bottom of the bottom groove 14 extends outward to form a flange plate 19, which has four bolt reserved holes 37 arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. Figure 7~Figure 8 .

[0065] The oil pressure chamber is a hollow and sealed structure, including an upper oil pressure chamber 13 and a lower oil pressure chamber 16, including an isolation layer 10, an outer elastic sealing plug 11, an inner elastic sealing plug 12 and a one-way oil drain pipe 15. The upper oil pressure chamber 13 and the lower oil pressure chamber 16 are filled with high-boiling point heat transfer oil, which are connected through a one-way oil drain pipe 15 (i.e., a one-way oil drain mechanism). The high-boiling point heat transfer oil in the upper oil pressure chamber 13 can flow into the lower oil pressure chamber 16 through the one-way oil drain pipe 15, while the high-boiling point heat transfer oil in the lower oil pressure chamber 16 cannot flow into the upper oil pressure chamber 13 through the one-way oil drain pipe 15. See for details. Figure 1 .

[0066] The upper oil pressure chamber 13 and the lower oil pressure chamber 16 are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the base 32 of the steel support 8. An isolation layer 10 is arranged on the contact surface between the steel support 8 and the upper oil pressure chamber 13 and the lower oil pressure chamber 16 to prevent the high-boiling point heat transfer oil in the upper oil pressure chamber 13 and the lower oil pressure chamber 16 from flowing through the contact gap between the steel support 8 and the side plate of the bottom groove 14, and to prevent the high-boiling point heat transfer oil in the upper oil pressure chamber 13 from flowing out of the contact gap between the upper oil pressure chamber 13 and the steel support 8 to cause pressure relief. The contact point between the upper oil pressure chamber 13 and the steel support 8 is doubly sealed with an inner elastic sealing plug 12 and an outer elastic sealing plug 11 to form a completely enclosed oil pressure chamber, and the high-boiling point heat transfer oil in the chamber can only flow from top to bottom through the one-way oil drain pipe 15. See for details. Figure 1 .

[0067] The one-way oil drain pipe 15 is formed by connecting two hollow circular steel pipes, including a thin tube 24, a thick tube 25, a blocking ball 26, a blocking net 27 and a spring 28. The diameter of the thin tube 24 is slightly smaller than the radius of the blocking ball 26, and is connected to the upper oil pressure chamber 13; the diameter of the thick tube 25 is larger than the diameter of the blocking ball 26, and is connected to the lower oil pressure chamber 16. The blocking ball 26 is a spherical ball made of polytetrafluoroethylene. The blocking net 27 is a circular mesh structure, and its diameter is the same as that of the thick tube 25. It is welded in the thick tube, and the distance between the welding position and the top of the thick tube is equal to the sum of the diameter of the blocking ball 26 and the height of the spring 28. A spring 28 is placed on the blocking net 27. See Figure 3 for details.

[0068] The installation process of the hydraulic automatic height adjustment support of this embodiment is as follows:

[0069] An ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene plate 7 is pasted on the spherical crown-shaped supporting surface at the top of the cavity 35 of the top groove 4 to form an elastic contact surface with the crown 29 of the steel support 8.

[0070] The bottom of the main beam 2 is pre-buried with a nominal diameter of 32cm of finely rolled threaded steel 1, and a steel pad 3 is preset at the bottom support of the main beam, which is welded and fixed to the finely rolled threaded steel 1. Bolts are welded at positions corresponding to the 344 bolt reserved holes on the flange plate of the top groove 4, and the top groove 4 is connected to the main beam 2 by bolts and nuts to achieve the connection between the main beam 2 and the support.

[0071] A finely rolled threaded steel bar with a nominal diameter of 32 cm is embedded inside the support pedestal 22, and a steel plate is embedded on the top. Bolts are welded at positions corresponding to the four bolt reserved holes on the flange plate 19 of the bottom trough 14. The bottom trough 14 and the support pedestal 22 are consolidated by connecting them with bolts and nuts, thereby realizing the consolidation of the bottom trough 14 and the pier cap beam.

[0072] After the above installation is completed, a new bridge structure is formed.

[0073] The working process of the new bridge is as follows:

[0074] After the bearing is installed at the connection between the upper and lower structures of the bridge through the above-mentioned implementation method, it can play the functions of transferring loads and restraining deformation under normal circumstances.

[0075] When the bridge is located in an area with poor geological conditions such as a soft soil foundation or active ground fissures, or when the geological and foundation conditions are affected by other factors and settlement occurs, this bearing can achieve adaptive height adjustment, thereby avoiding deformation of the bridge superstructure due to foundation settlement and ensuring the normal use of the bridge structure.

[0076] like Figure 1 As shown, when the bridge substructure produces vertical displacement due to foundation settlement, the bearing bottom groove 14 is consolidated with the bearing pad 22, so that the bearing bottom groove 14 produces downward vertical displacement synchronously, so that the top plate of the bottom groove 14 squeezes the upper oil pressure chamber 13, and the high boiling point heat transfer oil in the upper oil pressure chamber 13 flows downward through the one-way oil drain pipe 15 after being squeezed, and then pushes the blocking ball 26 to squeeze the spring 28 to move downward, so that the lower end of the thin tube 24 opens and communicates with the thick tube 25, and the high boiling point heat transfer oil enters the lower oil pressure chamber 16. The high boiling point heat transfer oil in the lower oil pressure chamber 16 cannot flow upward due to the restriction of the one-way oil drain pipe 15, and generates hydraulic pressure to maintain the bearing height, thereby realizing the adaptive adjustment and maintenance of the bearing height. After settlement occurs, the height difference between the bridge superstructure and the substructure due to foundation settlement is compensated by the increase in the bearing height, so that the bridge can achieve a new balance without vertical displacement of the superstructure.

Claims

1. A hydraulic automatic height adjustment support, characterized in that: It includes a top groove (4), a steel support (8) and a bottom groove (14); The top groove (4) is arranged above the bottom groove (14); The steel support (8) comprises a crown body (30), a central axis (31) and a base (32), and two ends of the central axis (31) are respectively connected to the crown body (30) and the base (32); The crown body (30) is connected to the top groove (4), and an elastic layer is provided between the crown body (30) and the top groove (4); The bottom groove (14) has an inner cavity, the base (32) is arranged in the inner cavity of the bottom groove (14) and can move up and down along the inner cavity of the bottom groove (14), the upper end of the bottom groove (14) is provided with a through hole communicating with the inner cavity, and the middle shaft (31) passes through the through hole; a sealing structure is provided between the base (32) and / or the middle shaft (31) and the bottom groove (14), and the middle shaft (31), the bottom groove (14) and the sealing structure enclose an upper oil pressure cavity (13) with a variable volume; and an elastic support layer is provided at the bottom of the bottom groove (14); The upper oil pressure chamber (13) is filled with hydraulic oil, and a one-way oil leakage mechanism is provided on the base (32), wherein the one-way oil leakage mechanism can allow the hydraulic oil in the upper oil pressure chamber (13) to flow to the bottom of the base (32); The one-way oil leakage mechanism comprises a stepped hole formed on a base (32) and a blocking ball (26), a blocking net (27) and a spring (28) arranged in the stepped hole. The stepped hole comprises a small diameter section located on the upper side and a large diameter section located on the lower side. The blocking ball (26), the blocking net (27) and the spring (28) are arranged in the large diameter section. The blocking net (27) is fixedly connected to the large diameter section. The blocking ball (26) is arranged above the blocking net (27). The spring (28) is arranged between the blocking ball (26) and the blocking net (27) and is in a compressed state. The lower end of the small diameter section is provided with a spherical chamfer that matches the surface of the barrier ball (26), and the barrier ball (26) can achieve sealing of the lower end of the small diameter section after contacting the spherical chamfer; The sealing structure provided between the base (32) and / or the central axis (31) and the bottom groove (14) adopts an elastic sealing plug, which is provided at the upper part of the base (32) and close to the through hole on the bottom groove (14).

2. The hydraulic automatic height-adjustable support according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cavity (35) is provided inwardly at the bottom of the top groove (4) for the crown body (30) to be embedded in, and the radial dimension of the mouth of the cavity (35) is smaller than the radial dimension of the crown body (30) and larger than the radial dimension of the central axis (31); a gap of a preset distance is left between the top of the crown body (30) and the top of the cavity (35), and the elastic layer is filled in the gap.

3. The hydraulic automatic height-adjustable support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top surface of the crown body (30) is in the shape of a spherical crown; the center of the sphere corresponding to the top surface of the crown body (30) is located on the axis of the central axis (31); the top of the cavity (35) is in the shape of a spherical crown; the top of the cavity (35) has the same radius as the top surface of the crown body (30); and the center of the sphere corresponding to the top of the cavity (35) is located on the axis of the central axis (31).

4. The hydraulic automatic height-adjustable support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the middle shaft (31) that contacts the through hole on the bottom groove (14) and the surface of the base (32) are both provided with an isolation layer (10) that prevents corrosion by hydraulic oil; The isolation layer (10) on the base (32) is provided with through holes for the hydraulic oil to flow at the inlet and outlet portions of the one-way oil leakage mechanism.

5. The hydraulic automatic height-adjustable support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic sealing plug comprises an outer elastic sealing plug (11) and an inner elastic sealing plug (12); the lower part of the inner elastic sealing plug (12) is connected to the base (32), and the upper part of the inner elastic sealing plug (12) is connected to the upper wall of the inner cavity of the bottom groove (14); the outer elastic sealing plug (11) is located between the inner elastic sealing plug (12) and the central axis (31), the lower part of the outer elastic sealing plug (11) is connected to the central axis (31), and the upper part of the outer elastic sealing plug (11) is connected to the upper wall of the inner cavity of the bottom groove (14).

6. The hydraulic automatic height-adjustable support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic support layer comprises a plurality of layers of steel plates (17) and a plurality of layers of rubber plates (18), wherein the plurality of layers of steel plates (17) and the plurality of layers of rubber plates (18) are alternately stacked; A plurality of one-way oil leakage mechanisms are evenly distributed around the base (32); an elastic sealing ring (9) is sleeved on the middle shaft (31), and the elastic sealing ring (9) is located between the top groove (4) and the bottom groove (14); the elastic layer is made of an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene plate (7); The top of the top groove (4) extends outward to form a flange plate, and the flange plate has a plurality of top groove bolt reserved holes (36) arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction; The bottom of the bottom groove (14) extends outward to form a flange plate, and the flange plate has a plurality of bottom groove bolt reserved holes (37) arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction; The top groove (4), the bottom groove (14), the inner cavity of the bottom groove (14), the crown body (30), the middle axis (31) and the base (32) are all cylindrical.

7. A bridge, characterized in that: It comprises a main beam (2), a support pedestal (22) and a hydraulic automatic height-adjusting support as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the main beam (2) is located above the support pedestal (22), the hydraulic automatic height-adjusting support is arranged between the main beam (2) and the support pedestal (22), the top of the top groove (4) is connected to the main beam (2), and the bottom of the bottom groove (14) is connected to the support pedestal (22).

8. The adaptive adjustment method for a bridge according to claim 7, characterized in that: The process includes the following: When the foundation of the bridge has not settled: the elastic support layer at the bottom of the bottom groove (14) supports the steel support (8), the steel support (8) supports the top groove (4), and the top groove (4) supports the main beam (2); or, there is a preset distance between the base (32) of the steel support (8) and the elastic support layer at the bottom of the bottom groove (14), and the lower oil pressure chamber (16) surrounded by the bottom groove (14), the elastic support layer and the base (32) is filled with hydraulic oil. At this time, the elastic support layer supports the hydraulic oil in the lower oil pressure chamber (16), the hydraulic oil in the lower oil pressure chamber (16) supports the steel support (8), the steel support (8) supports the top groove (4), and the top groove (4) supports the main beam (2); When the foundation of the bridge settles, the support pedestal (22) descends along with the settlement of the foundation, and the bottom groove (14) descends along with the support pedestal (22). The bottom groove (14) and the steel support (8) move relative to each other, so that the distance between the base (32) of the steel support (8) and the elastic support layer at the bottom of the bottom groove (14) increases, and the volume of the lower oil pressure chamber (16) increases, and negative pressure is generated in the lower oil pressure chamber (16). The hydraulic oil in the upper oil pressure chamber (13) enters the lower oil pressure chamber (16) from the one-way oil leakage mechanism by using the negative pressure, and the hydraulic oil entering the lower oil pressure chamber (16) compensates for the increased space in the lower oil pressure chamber (16); When the foundation settlement of the bridge is stable, the vertical displacement of the bridge is stable, and the one-way oil leakage mechanism cuts off the oil circuit.

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