A graded energy dissipation friction metal shear composite energy dissipator

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of shock absorption of building structures, and in particular to a graded energy-absorbing friction metal shear composite energy dissipation device, comprising: an upper base and a lower base arranged at a relative interval and parallel to each other; a friction energy dissipation unit and a metal shear energy dissipation unit arranged in parallel between the upper base and the lower base; a pair of limiting devices arranged on the upper base or the lower base and located on both sides of the metal shear energy dissipation unit, wherein the distance between each limiting device and the outer surface of the metal shear energy dissipation unit is equal to the deformation of the second-stage metal shear energy dissipation unit when it enters the working state. The graded energy-absorbing friction metal shear composite energy dissipation device comprehensively utilizes the energy dissipation mechanism and product characteristics of the friction energy dissipation unit and the metal shear energy dissipation unit, can better adapt to the structural energy dissipation requirements under the action of different levels of earthquakes, can provide more comprehensive protection, and is a shock absorption product with better performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of building structure shock absorption, in particular to a graded energy-dissipating friction metal shear composite energy dissipator. Background Art

[0002] Earthquakes are sudden natural disasters that pose a significant threat to human survival and development. These disasters are primarily caused by excessive deformation, damage, or collapse of building structures during earthquakes. To mitigate these losses, various energy-dissipating and vibration-reducing methods have been developed. Energy dissipation devices or dissipators are installed at key locations within a building structure to dissipate seismic energy through friction, bending, and elastic-plastic deformation, thereby reducing the seismic response of the main structure.

[0003] Based on their energy dissipation principles, commonly used energy dissipators are broadly classified into velocity-dependent and displacement-dependent types. Velocity-dependent energy dissipators, such as viscous fluid energy dissipators and viscous damping walls, have a force output proportional to the structural response speed. Displacement-dependent energy dissipators utilize their yield plateau to dissipate energy, such as metal mild steel energy dissipators, buckling-resistance steel plate walls, buckling-restrained braces, and friction energy dissipators. Metal materials are often used, and plastic energy dissipation can be achieved through out-of-plane bending or in-plane shear yielding.

[0004] The friction energy absorber is a displacement-type energy absorber. Its working principle is to use the relative movement of two contact surfaces to generate friction to consume the vibration energy of the building. Its working process mainly goes through two states: adhesion and sliding. The energy dissipation capacity mainly depends on the friction plate parameters and the size of the positive pressure. When the external load is less than the maximum static friction force of the energy absorber, the device is in the adhesion state; when the external load is greater than the maximum static friction force of the friction energy absorber, the device slides to generate friction and consume energy. The friction energy absorber has good and stable energy dissipation capacity and reliable working performance. It can effectively reduce the seismic response of the structure. At the same time, due to its low cost, simple structure, and easy installation and maintenance.

[0005] Metal shear energy dissipators utilize the in-plane shear deformation and plastic accumulation of low-yield-point energy dissipation webs to dissipate the energy input into the structure by seismic motion. They offer advantages such as stable performance, excellent durability, easy installation, and low maintenance costs. Through rationally constructed web reinforcement and the use of specialized materials, metal shear energy dissipators ensure that the webs yield without buckling under reciprocating loads, resulting in excellent fatigue resistance and strong deformation capacity.

[0006] However, in existing technologies, a single friction energy dissipator experiences a sharp drop in stiffness after yielding after initial activation. This can cause a sudden change in structural stiffness, leading to unfavorable failure mechanisms on certain floors and negatively impacting the overall seismic performance of the structure. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a composite energy dissipator with effective, graded energy dissipation. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention provides a graded energy dissipation friction metal shear composite energy absorber. The multi-stage parallel friction energy absorbers have different starting forces and initial stiffnesses. Therefore, the friction energy absorbers can be applied to different levels of amplitudes, thereby improving the energy dissipation capacity of the friction energy absorbers and the seismic performance of the structure.

[0008] The present invention provides a graded energy dissipation friction-metal shear composite energy dissipator, which is characterized in that it includes: an upper base 10 and a lower base 20 that are arranged relatively spaced apart and parallel to each other; a friction energy dissipation unit 30 and a metal shear energy dissipation unit 40 that are arranged in parallel between the upper base 10 and the lower base 20; a pair of limiting devices 50 that are arranged on the upper base 10 or the lower base 20 and located on both sides of the metal shear energy dissipation unit 40, and the distance between each limiting device 50 and the outer surface of the metal shear energy dissipation unit 40 is equal to the deformation of the second-stage metal shear energy dissipation unit when it enters the working state.

[0009] Optionally, the energy dissipation direction of the friction energy dissipation unit 30 is consistent with the energy dissipation direction of the metal shear energy dissipation unit 40 .

[0010] Optionally, the friction energy dissipation unit 30 includes: an intermediate steel plate 301, the intermediate steel plate 301 is fixedly connected to one of the upper base 10 or the lower base 20, and the intermediate steel plate 301 has a plurality of first through holes 303 distributed in an array; a pair of friction plates 302 are arranged close to the two side surfaces of the intermediate steel plate 301, the pair of friction plates 302 are fixedly connected to the other of the upper base 10 or the lower base 20, and the friction plates 302 have a plurality of second through holes 304 distributed in an array, and the positions of the plurality of second through holes 304 correspond to the plurality of first through holes 303; a plurality of pre-tightening bolts, the plurality of pre-tightening bolts pass through the plurality of first through holes 303 and the plurality of second through holes 304 to realize the connection between the intermediate steel plate 301 and the pair of friction plates 302.

[0011] Optionally, the middle steel plate 301 is connected to one of the upper base 10 or the lower base 20 by bolting, and the pair of friction plates 302 is connected to the other of the upper base 10 or the lower base 20 by welding.

[0012] Optionally, it also includes: a pair of clamping and connecting steel plates 601 arranged on the upper base 10 or the lower base 20, which can clamp the upper end part or the lower end part of the middle steel plate 301 of the friction energy dissipation unit 30, and the pair of clamping and connecting steel plates 601 have a plurality of third through holes 602 distributed in an array; a plurality of fourth through holes 305 arranged in an array at the upper end part or the lower end part of the middle steel plate 301, and the positions of the plurality of fourth through holes 305 correspond to the plurality of third through holes 602; a plurality of connecting bolts, wherein the plurality of connecting bolts pass through the third through holes 602 and the plurality of fourth through holes 305 to realize the connection between the middle steel plate 301 and the pair of clamping and connecting steel plates 601.

[0013] Optionally, the metal shear energy dissipation unit 40 includes: an upper connecting plate 401 and a lower connecting plate 402 that are relatively spaced and parallel to each other, the upper connecting plate 401 is fixedly connected to the upper base 10, and the lower connecting plate 402 is fixedly connected to the lower base 20; an energy dissipation web 403, the first connecting plate 401, the energy dissipation web 403 and the second connecting plate 402 are connected in an "I" shape, and the energy dissipation web 403 is arranged between the first connecting plate 401 and the second connecting plate 402.

[0014] Optionally, the upper connecting plate 401 is fixedly connected to the upper base 10 by bolts, and a gap is left between the lower connecting plate 402 and the lower base 20; or, a gap is left between the upper connecting plate 401 and the upper base 10, and the lower connecting plate 402 and the lower base 20 are fixedly connected by bolts.

[0015] Optionally, the metal shear energy dissipation unit 40 further includes: a plurality of stiffening ribs 404 , which are symmetrically arranged on two side surfaces of the energy dissipation web 403 with respect to the energy dissipation web 403 .

[0016] Optionally, the plurality of stiffening ribs 404 are arranged in a grid pattern.

[0017] Optionally, the metal shear energy dissipation unit 40 further includes: a pair of flange plates 405 symmetrically arranged about the energy dissipation web 403 , the pair of flange plates 405 being vertically connected to the energy dissipation web 403 and being arranged between the first connecting plate 401 and the second connecting plate 402 .

[0018] The technical solution provided by the present invention overcomes the disadvantage of insufficient stiffness of a single-stage friction energy dissipator after yielding, and the friction energy dissipation unit and the metal shear energy dissipation unit are used as the first-stage and second-stage energy dissipation devices, respectively. Under the action of a small earthquake, the friction energy dissipation unit enters the working state, while the metal shear energy dissipation unit does not enter the working state. As the seismic input increases, the seismic response of the structure and the interlayer deformation increase, the metal shear energy dissipation unit also enters the working state, which has a certain compensation effect on the stiffness of the main structural layer, and achieves the multi-stage seismic performance target. The graded energy-dissipating friction metal shear composite energy dissipator comprehensively utilizes the energy dissipation mechanism and product characteristics of the friction energy dissipation unit and the metal shear type energy dissipation unit, can better adapt to the structural energy dissipation needs under different levels of earthquakes, can provide more comprehensive protection, and is a shock-absorbing product with better performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] For purposes of illustration and not limitation, the present invention will now be described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, particularly with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0020] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a graded energy dissipation friction metal shear composite energy dissipator provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a friction energy dissipation unit in a graded energy dissipation friction metal shear composite energy dissipator provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the clamping and connecting steel plates in the graded energy dissipation friction metal shear composite energy dissipator provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the assembly of the friction energy dissipator and the clamping connection steel plate in the graded energy dissipation friction metal shear composite energy dissipator provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a metal shear energy dissipation unit in a graded energy dissipation friction metal shear composite energy dissipator provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a hysteresis curve diagram of the graded energy dissipation friction metal shear composite energy dissipator provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] In the picture:

[0027] 10: Upper base; 20: Lower base; 30: Friction energy dissipation unit; 301: Intermediate steel plate; 302: Friction plate; 303: First through hole; 304: Second through hole; 305: Fourth through hole; 40: Metal shear energy dissipation unit; 401: Upper connecting plate; 402: Lower connecting plate; 403: Energy dissipation web; 404: Stiffening rib; 405: Flange plate; 50: Limiting device; 601: Connecting and clamping steel plate; 602: Third through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In an embodiment of the present invention, a friction energy dissipation unit and a metal shear energy dissipation unit are connected in parallel, serving as the first- and second-stage energy dissipation devices, respectively. The first-stage friction energy dissipation unit has low lateral stiffness and a large ultimate displacement, while the second-stage metal shear energy dissipation unit has high lateral stiffness and small yield and ultimate displacements. Therefore, the combination of the two can improve the energy dissipation capacity and structural seismic performance of the composite energy dissipator, as described in detail below using the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the graded energy dissipation friction metal shear composite energy dissipation device provided by the embodiment of the present invention may include: an upper base 10 and a lower base 20 that are arranged at a relative interval and parallel to each other; a friction energy dissipation unit 30 and a metal shear energy dissipation unit 40 that are arranged in parallel between the upper base 10 and the lower base 20; a pair of limiting devices 50 that are arranged on the upper base 10 or the lower base 20 and are located on both sides of the metal shear energy dissipation unit 40, and the distance between each limiting device 50 and the outer surface of the metal shear energy dissipation unit 40 is equal to the deformation of the second-stage metal shear energy dissipation unit when it enters the working state. The above requirements for the spacing are made in order to ensure that: when the horizontal displacement of the friction energy dissipation unit 30 that plays the role of first-stage energy dissipation reaches the maximum, the metal shear energy dissipation unit 40 can be smoothly started to enter the working state. It should be noted that, Figure 1 The pair of limiting devices 50 are provided on the upper base 10 for illustration only and not for limitation.

[0030] Optionally, the energy dissipation direction of the friction energy dissipation unit 30 is consistent with the energy dissipation direction of the metal shear energy dissipation unit 40. For example, Figure 1 The friction energy dissipation unit 30 can reduce the vibration input in the horizontal direction, and the metal shear energy dissipation unit 40 can also reduce the vibration input in the horizontal direction. At this time, the two energy dissipation units work together to achieve the best effect.

[0031] Optionally, the friction energy dissipation unit 30 includes: an intermediate steel plate 301, fixedly connected to one of the upper base 10 or the lower base 20, and having a plurality of first through-holes 303 arranged in an array; a pair of friction plates 302 disposed proximate to two side surfaces of the intermediate steel plate 301, fixedly connected to the other of the upper base 10 or the lower base 20, and having a plurality of second through-holes 304 arranged in an array, the plurality of second through-holes 304 corresponding in position to the plurality of first through-holes 303; and a plurality of pre-tightening bolts (not shown), the plurality of pre-tightening bolts passing through the plurality of first through-holes 303 and the plurality of second through-holes 304 to connect the intermediate steel plate 301 to the pair of friction plates 302. The intermediate steel plate 301 and the friction plates 302 may be made of steel, and the friction surface between them may be sandblasted to form a friction surface, or a friction material such as brass may be provided.

[0032] Optionally, the middle steel plate 301 is connected to one of the upper base 10 or the lower base 20 by bolting, and the pair of friction plates 302 is connected to the other of the upper base 10 or the lower base 20 by welding.

[0033] Optionally, it further includes: a pair of clamping and connecting steel plates 601 provided on the upper base 10 or the lower base 20, capable of clamping the upper or lower portion of the intermediate steel plate 301 of the friction energy dissipation unit 30, a plurality of third through holes 602 distributed in an array on the pair of clamping and connecting steel plates 601; a plurality of fourth through holes 305 distributed in an array and provided on the upper or lower portion of the intermediate steel plate 301, the plurality of fourth through holes 305 corresponding to the positions of the plurality of third through holes 602; a plurality of connecting bolts (not shown in the figure), the plurality of connecting bolts passing through the third through holes 602 and the plurality of fourth through holes 305, so as to realize the connection between the intermediate steel plate 301 and the pair of clamping and connecting steel plates 601. For example: Figure 1 The middle clamping connecting steel plate 601 is set on the upper base 10, and the clamping connecting steel plate 601 clamps the upper end part of the middle steel plate 301. It should be noted that, Figure 1 This is merely an example and not a limitation. In other embodiments, the clamping and connecting steel plate 601 may also be disposed on the lower base 20 , and the clamping and connecting steel plate 601 clamps a portion of the lower end of the middle steel plate 301 .

[0034] Optionally, the metal shear energy dissipation unit 40 includes: an upper connecting plate 401 and a lower connecting plate 402 that are spaced apart and parallel to each other, wherein the upper connecting plate 401 is fixedly connected to the upper base 10, and the lower connecting plate 402 is fixedly connected to the lower base 20; and an energy dissipation web 403, wherein the first connecting plate 401, the energy dissipation web 403, and the second connecting plate 402 are connected in an "I" shape, and the energy dissipation web 403 is disposed between the first connecting plate 401 and the second connecting plate 402. The material of the energy dissipation web 403 is mild steel.

[0035] Optionally, the upper connecting plate 401 is fixedly connected to the upper base 10 by bolts, and a gap is left between the lower connecting plate 402 and the lower base 20; or, a gap is left between the upper connecting plate 401 and the upper base 10, and the lower connecting plate 402 and the lower base 20 are fixedly connected by bolts.

[0036] Optionally, the metal shear energy dissipation unit 40 further includes a plurality of stiffening ribs 404 symmetrically disposed on two sides of the energy dissipation web 403. The stiffening ribs 404 can be designed to uniformly apply force to the surface of the energy dissipation web 403 and avoid local out-of-plane deformation.

[0037] Optionally, the plurality of stiffening ribs 404 are arranged in a grid shape, which may be a diamond shape, a rectangle shape, a wave shape, or other irregular shapes, and may be flexibly arranged.

[0038] Optionally, the metal shear energy dissipation unit 40 further includes a pair of flange plates 405 symmetrically arranged about the energy dissipation web 403. The pair of flange plates 405 are perpendicularly connected to the energy dissipation web 403 and are arranged between the first connecting plate 401 and the second connecting plate 402. The flange plates 405 can increase the edge support capacity of the energy dissipation web 403 and prevent the edges from collapsing due to concentrated force.

[0039] The specific working mechanism of the graded energy dissipation friction metal shear composite energy dissipator provided by the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: (1) Under the action of a small earthquake: the first-stage friction energy dissipation unit first enters the yield energy dissipation stage. Since the interlayer horizontal deformation of the structure under the small earthquake is less than the horizontal distance between the limit device and the second-stage metal shear energy dissipation unit, the metal shear energy dissipation unit does not enter the working state and does not affect the energy dissipation effect of the first yield stage. (2) Under the action of a medium or large earthquake: the interlayer horizontal deformation of the structure becomes significantly larger than that under the small earthquake, reaching or exceeding the horizontal distance between the limit device and the second-stage metal shear energy dissipation unit. The metal shear energy dissipation unit enters the working state and generates shear deformation energy dissipation. Since the stiffness and bearing capacity of the second-stage metal shear energy dissipation unit are significantly higher than those of the first stage, it is well adapted to the increase in earthquake action and the energy dissipation requirements of the structure, and is superimposed with the energy dissipation capacity of the first-stage friction energy dissipation unit to jointly play an energy dissipation role.

[0040] From the above, it can be seen that since the ultimate displacement of the first-level friction energy dissipation unit is large, it can work normally even under a large earthquake and can easily meet the ultimate deformation requirements; the ultimate displacement of the second-level metal shear type energy dissipation unit is small, but it begins to yield and dissipate energy only under moderate or large earthquakes, and can also easily meet the ultimate deformation requirements.

[0041] Figure 6This is a hysteresis curve diagram of the graded energy dissipation friction metal shear composite energy dissipator provided by the embodiment of the present invention. The horizontal axis is the horizontal shear deformation of the energy dissipator, and the vertical axis is the horizontal shear force of the energy dissipator. The working process of the graded energy dissipation friction metal shear composite energy dissipator of the present invention can be found in Figure 6 As shown, l1 is the distance between the upper connecting plate of the metal shear energy dissipation unit and the limit devices on both sides. The dense dotted line shows the hysteresis curve of the first-stage friction energy dissipation unit. The deformation of the first-stage friction energy dissipation unit is equal to the deformation of the entire energy dissipation unit, and before the second-stage metal shear energy dissipation unit enters operation, the hysteresis curve of the first-stage friction energy dissipation unit is completely consistent with the total hysteresis curve of the composite energy dissipator. The sparse dotted line shows the hysteresis curve of the second-stage metal shear energy dissipation unit. The deformation of the second-stage metal shear energy dissipation unit when it enters the working state is l1, and l1 is also the deformation difference between the first yield section and the second yield section. The hysteresis curve of the second-stage metal shear energy dissipation unit is bilinear, as shown Figure 6 The solid line is the superposition effect of the hysteresis curves of the first-stage friction energy dissipation unit and the second-stage metal shear type energy dissipation unit, that is, the total hysteresis curve.

[0042] The graded energy dissipation friction metal shear composite energy dissipator of the embodiment of the present invention overcomes the shortcoming of insufficient stiffness after yielding of the single-stage friction energy dissipator, and uses the friction energy dissipation unit and the metal shear energy dissipation unit as the first-stage and second-stage energy dissipation devices respectively. When an earthquake input just occurs, the friction energy dissipation unit enters the working state. As the earthquake input increases, the seismic response of the structure and the interlayer deformation increase, and the metal shear energy dissipation unit has a certain compensatory effect on the stiffness of the main structural layer, thereby achieving the multi-stage seismic performance target. The graded energy dissipation friction metal shear composite energy dissipator makes good use of the energy dissipation mechanism and product characteristics of the friction energy dissipation unit and the metal shear type energy dissipation unit, can better adapt to the structural energy dissipation requirements under the action of earthquakes of different levels, can provide more comprehensive protection, and is a shock-absorbing product with better performance. The graded energy dissipation friction metal shear composite energy dissipator comprehensively utilizes the energy dissipation mechanism and product characteristics of the friction energy dissipation unit and the metal shear type energy dissipation unit, can better adapt to the structural energy dissipation requirements under the action of earthquakes of different levels, can provide more comprehensive protection, and is a shock-absorbing product with better performance.

[0043] The above specific embodiments do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions may occur depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A graded energy dissipation friction-metal shear composite energy dissipator, characterized in that: include: An upper base (10) and a lower base (20) are arranged relatively spaced apart and parallel to each other; A friction energy dissipation unit (30) and a metal shear energy dissipation unit (40) are arranged in parallel between the upper base (10) and the lower base (20); The friction energy dissipation unit (30) and the metal shear energy dissipation unit (40) are connected in parallel, and the two serve as first-stage and second-stage energy dissipation devices respectively; A pair of limiting devices (50) are provided on the upper base (10) or the lower base (20) and are located on both sides of the metal shear energy dissipation unit (40), wherein the distance between each limiting device (50) and the outer surface of the metal shear energy dissipation unit (40) is equal to the deformation of the metal shear energy dissipation unit (40) as the second-stage energy dissipation device when entering a working state; When the horizontal displacement of the friction energy dissipation unit (30) serving as the first-stage energy dissipation device reaches a maximum, the metal shear energy dissipation unit (40) serving as the second-stage energy dissipation device can be smoothly started to enter a working state.

2. The graded energy dissipation friction-metal shear composite energy dissipator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy dissipation direction of the friction energy dissipation unit (30) is consistent with the energy dissipation direction of the metal shear energy dissipation unit (40).

3. The hierarchical energy dissipation friction-metal shear composite energy dissipator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The friction energy dissipation unit (30) comprises: an intermediate steel plate (301), the intermediate steel plate (301) being fixedly connected to one of the upper base (10) or the lower base (20), the intermediate steel plate (301) having a plurality of first through holes (303) distributed in an array; a pair of friction plates (302) disposed close to two side surfaces of the middle steel plate (301), the pair of friction plates (302) being fixedly connected to the other of the upper base (10) or the lower base (20), the friction plates (302) having a plurality of second through holes (304) distributed in an array, the plurality of second through holes (304) corresponding in position to the plurality of first through holes (303); A plurality of pre-tightening bolts are provided, wherein the plurality of pre-tightening bolts pass through the plurality of first through holes (303) and the plurality of second through holes (304) to achieve connection between the middle steel plate (301) and the pair of friction plates (302).

4. The graded energy dissipation friction-metal shear composite energy dissipator according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The middle steel plate (301) is connected to one of the upper base (10) or the lower base (20) by bolt fixing, and the pair of friction plates (302) is connected to the other of the upper base (10) or the lower base (20) by welding.

5. The graded energy dissipation friction-metal shear composite energy dissipator according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Also includes: A pair of clamping and connecting steel plates (601) disposed on the upper base (10) or the lower base (20) is capable of clamping an upper portion or a lower portion of the middle steel plate (301) of the friction energy dissipation unit (30), and the pair of clamping and connecting steel plates (601) have a plurality of third through holes (602) distributed in an array; A plurality of fourth through holes (305) are arranged in an array and located at a local upper end or a local lower end of the middle steel plate (301), wherein the positions of the plurality of fourth through holes (305) correspond to the positions of the plurality of third through holes (602); A plurality of connecting bolts are provided, wherein the plurality of connecting bolts pass through the third through hole (602) and the plurality of fourth through holes (305) to achieve connection between the middle steel plate (301) and the pair of clamping connecting steel plates (601).

6. The graded energy dissipation friction-metal shear composite energy dissipator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The metal shear energy dissipation unit (40) comprises: An upper connecting plate (401) and a lower connecting plate (402) are arranged relatively spaced apart and parallel to each other, the upper connecting plate (401) is fixedly connected to the upper base (10), and the lower connecting plate (402) is fixedly connected to the lower base (20); The energy dissipation web (403), the upper connecting plate (401), the energy dissipation web (403) and the lower connecting plate (402) are connected in an "I" shape, and the energy dissipation web (403) is arranged between the upper connecting plate (401) and the lower connecting plate (402).

7. The graded energy dissipation friction-metal shear composite energy dissipator according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The upper connecting plate (401) is fixedly connected to the upper base (10) by bolts, and a gap is left between the lower connecting plate (402) and the lower base (20); or, A gap is left between the upper connecting plate (401) and the upper base (10), and the lower connecting plate (402) and the lower base (20) are fixedly connected by bolts.

8. The graded energy dissipation friction-metal shear composite energy dissipator according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The metal shear energy dissipation unit (40) further includes: A plurality of stiffening ribs (404) are symmetrically arranged on two side surfaces of the energy dissipation web (403) with respect to the energy dissipation web (403).

9. The graded energy dissipation friction-metal shear composite energy dissipator according to claim 8, characterized in that: The plurality of stiffening ribs (404) are arranged in a grid pattern.

10. The graded energy dissipation friction-metal shear composite energy dissipator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The metal shear energy dissipation unit (40) further includes: A pair of flange plates (405) are symmetrically arranged about the energy dissipation web (403), the pair of flange plates (405) are vertically connected to the energy dissipation web (403), and are arranged between the upper connecting plate (401) and the lower connecting plate (402).

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