A lighting and ventilation flat roof suitable for rural buildings in cold climate zones

Abstract

A flat roof for lighting and ventilation suitable for rural buildings in cold climates comprises a cast-in-place concrete roof, a gypsum board ceiling, and an air space between the two. The cast-in-place concrete roof is provided with vertical lighting and ventilation holes connected to the air space, and the side walls are provided with openable and closable horizontal ventilation holes connected to the air space. This invention addresses the conventional construction techniques for rural roofs in cold regions, effectively optimizing existing roofs through a relatively simple construction technique. This not only improves indoor daylighting throughout the day, but also, by leveraging the air space and the principle of thermal pressure ventilation, effectively reduces high indoor temperatures caused by overheating of the top floor in summer, thereby reducing cooling energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of building energy conservation, relates to energy-saving design of building exterior envelope structures, and particularly relates to a lighting and ventilation flat roof suitable for rural buildings in cold climate zones. Background Art

[0002] The climate characteristics of cold climate zones are cold in winter and hot in summer. Therefore, the architectural design in cold climate zones must not only improve the thermal insulation performance of the building in winter, but also improve the ventilation effect of the building in summer to prevent indoor overheating.

[0003] The roof of a building is the highest part of the building. In winter, the hot air in the room will gather at the top floor and escape outward through the top. At the same time, the roof of the building is also the part that receives solar radiation for the longest time and is prone to overheating in summer.

[0004] At present, the roofs of rural buildings in cold areas are flat roofs, and most of them are built with cast-in-place concrete. In order to make the top roof accessible to people and due to economic factors, the insulation layer structure is missing. This will cause serious heat loss in the roof in winter and overheating in the roof in summer, so that the indoor space adjacent to the roof needs artificial heating or cooling under adverse climatic conditions, which increases the energy consumption of the building.

[0005] In addition, rural buildings are restricted by the limited span of homesteads, so the building depth is large. When there is sufficient outdoor sunlight during the day, the illumination is low at locations far away from the windows. When achieving high-illuminance indoor functions, lights still need to be turned on, and natural light cannot be fully utilized, resulting in increased building lighting energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a flat roof for lighting and ventilation of rural buildings in cold climate zones. By optimizing the flat roof structure based on the existing rural construction technology system, the conventional external air interlayer structure is replaced by a built-in air interlayer mode, which can achieve heat insulation in summer and heat preservation in winter, and at the same time improve the indoor illumination during the day and provide lighting for the room at night.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A flat roof for lighting and ventilation suitable for rural buildings in cold climates comprises a cast-in-place concrete roof, a gypsum board ceiling and an air layer between the two. The cast-in-place concrete roof is provided with vertical lighting and ventilation holes connected to the air layer, and the side walls are provided with openable and closable horizontal ventilation holes connected to the air layer.

[0009] The lighting ventilation hole has a built-in lighting ventilation tube assembly, and the lighting ventilation tube assembly includes a lighting ventilation tube main body, and the lighting ventilation tube main body includes a cylinder, the top of the cylinder extends out of the concrete cast-in-place roof and is provided with a laminated glass cap, and the bottom edge is connected to the gypsum board ceiling, and the side of the cylinder located above the concrete cast-in-place roof has an upper ventilation hole, and the side of the cylinder located below the concrete cast-in-place roof has a lower ventilation hole.

[0010] The lower ventilation hole is opposite to the openable and closable horizontal ventilation hole.

[0011] A light-emitting component is provided at the bottom end of the cylinder, and the light-emitting component includes frosted glass, which is arranged in the opening of the gypsum board ceiling. A patch LED is provided on the upper part of the frosted glass, and the patch LED is connected to the lithium battery pack through a flexible wire.

[0012] A windproof cap body is arranged around the cylinder on the concrete cast-in-place roof. The windproof cap body is in a square cone shape with a truncated top. The cylinder is located directly below the truncated top area, and the truncated top area is less than or equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the cylinder.

[0013] The windproof cap body includes an integrated base, a solar photovoltaic panel is connected to the top of the integrated base, the cylinder is surrounded by the solar photovoltaic panel, the power output end of the solar photovoltaic panel is connected to the lithium battery pack, and the lower part of the integrated base is provided with flooding and drainage holes.

[0014] A waterproof platform is arranged on the concrete cast-in-place roof, and the integrated base is arranged on the waterproof platform, with a silicone adhesive layer arranged between the two.

[0015] The number of the lighting ventilation holes is the same as the number of the openable and closable horizontal ventilation holes.

[0016] A side wall vent cap assembly is provided in the openable and closable horizontal ventilation hole, and the side wall vent cap assembly includes an openable and closable vent cap.

[0017] An aerogel felt layer is provided on the upper surface of the gypsum board ceiling.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. The present invention provides a light-emitting and ventilated roof suitable for rural buildings in cold climates. It features a simple structure and low cost, making it well-suited to current construction conditions in rural areas. Currently, rural buildings in cold climates are often constructed using cast-in-place concrete flat roofs without external insulation layers, and roofs typically do not utilize external air layers. The present invention adapts to current construction technology by placing an air layer between the cast-in-place concrete roof panels and the gypsum board ceiling, effectively insulating the roof. This allows for simultaneous thermal insulation of the air layer through the necessary interior finishing work.

[0020] 2. The present invention provides a lighting and ventilation roof suitable for rural buildings in cold climate zones, which is energy-saving and environmentally friendly, effectively reduces indoor energy consumption, and improves indoor thermal comfort.

[0021] 3. The present invention provides a lighting and ventilation roof suitable for rural buildings in cold climate zones, which can reduce temperature in summer and keep warm in winter.

[0022] 4. The present invention provides a lighting and ventilation roof suitable for rural buildings in cold climate zones. It adopts a composite thermal insulation mode and utilizes the good thermal insulation properties of new materials to effectively improve the thermal performance of the roof.

[0023] 5. The present invention provides a lighting and ventilation roof suitable for rural buildings in cold climates. It fully utilizes solar radiation to improve indoor lighting throughout the day and accelerates roof cooling in summer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the roof section of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 Schematic cross-sectional view of a lighting and ventilation duct assembly of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the roof working status in summer.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the winter working state of the roof of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the natural lighting working state of the roof during the day according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the nighttime artificial lighting on the roof in working condition according to the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1. Cast-in-place concrete roof; 2. Air space; 3. Aerogel felt layer; 4. Gypsum board ceiling; 5. Lighting and ventilation duct assembly; 6. Side wall ventilation cap assembly; 12. Silicone adhesive layer; 31. T-shaped nail; 51. Lighting and ventilation duct body; 52. Windproof cap body; 53. Lighting assembly; 54. Waterproof platform; 55. Lighting and ventilation holes; 61. Openable and closable horizontal ventilation holes; 62. Openable and closable ventilation cap; 511. Laminated glass cap; 512. Upper ventilation holes; 513. Cylinder body; 514. Lower ventilation holes; 521. Solar photovoltaic panel; 522. Integrated base; 523. Flashing; 524. Drainage hole; 531. SMD LED; 532. Lithium battery pack; 533. Frosted glass; 534. Flexible wire. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and do not limit the present invention. The detailed description is as follows.

[0032] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the present invention is a daylighting and ventilating flat roof suitable for rural buildings in cold climates. The roof comprises a cast-in-place concrete roof 1 and a gypsum board ceiling 4, with an air space 2 formed therebetween. The cast-in-place concrete roof 1 is provided with a plurality of vertical daylighting and ventilation holes 55 that communicate with the air space 2. The daylighting and ventilation holes 55 are evenly arranged on the cast-in-place concrete roof 1 and pass between the cast-in-place concrete roof 1 and the gypsum board ceiling 4. Obviously, the daylighting and ventilation holes 55 are vertical holes. Furthermore, openable and closable horizontal ventilation holes 61 that communicate with the air space 2 are also provided on the side walls.

[0033] The lighting ventilation holes 55 are reserved during the casting process of the cast-in-place concrete roof 1, while the openable and closable horizontal ventilation holes 61 can be opened on the side walls. The number of lighting ventilation holes 55 can be the same as the number of openable and closable horizontal ventilation holes 61. In the preferred parameters, the total ventilation area of ​​the openable and closable horizontal ventilation holes 61 is equal to twice the total ventilation area of ​​the lighting ventilation holes 55. The openable and closable horizontal ventilation holes 61 and the lighting ventilation holes 55 can be equipped with manual shutter opening and closing devices.

[0034] An aerogel felt layer 3 can be provided on the upper surface of the gypsum board ceiling 4. The aerogel felt layer 3 can be effectively connected to the gypsum board ceiling 4 through T-shaped nails 31. The dual functions of the space layer 2 and the aerogel felt layer 3 can effectively improve the thermal insulation performance of the roof.

[0035] In practical applications, the openable and closable horizontal ventilation holes 61 can be evenly arranged on two opposite main facades of the rural building, such as the south and north facades or the east and west facades.

[0036] In practical applications, the openable and closable horizontal ventilation holes 61 are “high inside and low outside”, with a slope of greater than or equal to 10% from the inside to the outside, which is conducive to drainage.

[0037] Under the action of solar radiation in the summer, the air interlayer 2 will expand due to heat, generating pressure that will damage the integrity of the gypsum board ceiling 4. Therefore, openable and closable horizontal vents 61 and lighting vents 55 are provided so that overheated air can be removed through the two types of vents. Secondly, there is a height difference between the lighting vents 55 and the openable and closable horizontal vents 61. Outdoor cold air can enter through the openable and closable horizontal vents 61, remove excess heat from the air interlayer, turn into hot air, and then be discharged from the lighting vents 55. Under the action of convection ventilation, outdoor cold air can enter the air interlayer 2 from the openable and closable horizontal vents 61 on one side of the building, remove heat, and be discharged from the openable and closable horizontal vents 61 on the other side of the building. Both methods can effectively reduce the temperature of the air interlayer and prevent the roof from overheating, thereby improving the indoor thermal environment in summer.

[0038] Therefore, when the roof overheats in summer, air layer 2 can exchange overcooled and hot air without requiring additional energy, discharging the overheated air entirely through passive thermal compression ventilation and convection ventilation, representing a passive cooling mode. In winter, air layer 2 closes the openable and closable horizontal vents 61 and the daylighting vents 55 to form a relatively stable air layer, acting as a heat-insulating air layer. This improves the indoor thermal environment during winter, representing a passive insulation mode.

[0039] refer to Figure 2 In the lighting ventilation hole 55, a lighting ventilation tube assembly 5 is built in, which mainly includes a lighting ventilation tube body 51, a windproof cap body 52 and a light-emitting component 53. The diameter of the lighting ventilation hole 55 is slightly smaller than that of the lighting ventilation tube body 51.

[0040] The main body 51 of the lighting and ventilation duct is cylindrical, with a planar diameter between 100mm and 150mm. It is embedded in the lighting and ventilation hole 55 reserved in the cast-in-place concrete roof. It includes a cylinder 513. The top of the cylinder 513 extends out of the cast-in-place concrete roof 1 and is provided with a laminated glass cap 511. The bottom edge is connected to the gypsum board ceiling 4. The side of the cylinder 513 above the cast-in-place concrete roof 1 has an upper ventilation hole 512, and the side below the cast-in-place concrete roof 1 has a lower ventilation hole 514. When the lower ventilation hole 514 is opposite the openable and closable horizontal ventilation hole 6, a better ventilation effect can be achieved. The ventilation area of ​​the upper ventilation hole 512 can be equal to the ventilation area of ​​the lower ventilation hole 514.

[0041] The windproof cap body 52 can shield the lighting ventilation tube body 51 from lateral crosswind and crosswind raindrops, keep the wind pressure around the upper ventilation hole 512 small, continuously produce the hot pressure ventilation effect, and keep the interior of the lighting ventilation tube body 51 dry. Figure 2The windproof cap body 52 is set on the concrete cast-in-place roof 1 and surrounds the cylinder 513. It is in the shape of a square cone with a truncated top. The cylinder 513 is located directly below the truncated top area. The truncated top area should generally be less than or equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the cylinder 513.

[0042] The windproof cap body 52 and the bottom of the lighting and ventilation duct body 51 can be an integrated structure, for example, integrally molded using PVC material. In this embodiment, the thickness of the cast-in-place concrete roof 1 is 100 mm, and the surface layer is sloped with a slope of 3% to 5% to achieve natural drainage. The windproof cap body 52 includes an integrated base 522, and a waterproof platform 54 can be set on the cast-in-place concrete roof 1. The waterproof platform 54 is set around the lighting and ventilation holes 55, with a height of 30 mm to 50 mm, and the plane size and shape are consistent with the windproof cap body 52. ​​The integrated base 522 is set on the waterproof platform 54, and a solar photovoltaic panel 521 is connected above the integrated base 522. The cylinder 513 is surrounded by the solar photovoltaic panel 521. The solar photovoltaic panel 521 receives solar radiation and converts it into electrical energy, and can also block lateral crosswinds for the lighting and ventilation duct body 51. The power output of the solar photovoltaic panel 521 is connected to the lithium battery pack 532. The bottom surface of the integrated base 522 has a 10% slope, pointing toward the exterior of the windshield body 52. ​​The lower portion of the integrated base 522 is equipped with a flashing 523 and a drainage hole 524. Rainwater that falls between the skylight and ventilation duct body 51 and the windshield body 52 is quickly drained through the drainage hole 524, effectively preventing rainwater from entering the room. The flashing 523 is made of waterproof membrane and can be placed at the junction of the windshield body 52 and the cast-in-place concrete roof 1, as well as at the junction of the skylight and ventilation duct body 51 and the cast-in-place concrete roof 1, to improve the roof's waterproof performance.

[0043] In this embodiment, a silicone adhesive layer 12 can be set between the integrated base 522 and the waterproof platform 54. The silicone adhesive layer 12 can improve the bonding force between the lighting and ventilation duct assembly 5 and the waterproof platform 54, and at the same time prevent water vapor from penetrating into the air layer 2 along the gap between the lighting and ventilation hole 55 and the lighting and ventilation duct main body 51.

[0044] The light-emitting assembly 53 is located at the bottom of the cylinder 513 and includes frosted glass 533, which is placed in the opening of the gypsum board ceiling 4. SMD LEDs 531 are located above the frosted glass 533. These SMD LEDs 531 are connected to a lithium battery pack 532 via a flexible wire 534. The lithium battery pack 532 can be located outside the cylinder 513. The SMD LEDs 531 are arranged in groups of three to five at equal angles on a plane.

[0045] During the day, the light-transmitting duct assembly 5 allows natural light to enter through the laminated glass cap 511. This light is then reflected from the inner wall of the duct 513 (which may be coated with a highly reflective coating) to the bottom. This light is then diffusely reflected through the frosted glass 533, evenly distributing the natural light into the room, improving daytime illumination. At night, the light-transmitting duct assembly 5 uses the lithium battery pack 532 to power the SMD LED 531, which then transmits light through the frosted glass 533 into the room, providing nighttime illumination. The lithium battery pack 532 can also be charged using direct current generated by daytime solar radiation via the solar photovoltaic panel 521.

[0046] A side wall vent cap assembly 6 is provided in the openable and closable horizontal ventilation hole 61 . The side wall vent cap assembly 6 includes an openable and closable vent cap 62 . The diameter of the openable and closable horizontal ventilation hole 61 is slightly smaller than that of the openable and closable vent cap 62 .

[0047] The side wall vent cap assembly 6 is made of stainless steel or PVC, with a high inside and a low outside, presenting a 5% slope to the outdoor level, which can effectively prevent rainwater from penetrating into the air layer 2. At the position connected to the outdoors, the air inlet position faces downward, and the upper position must have a rainproof structure.

[0048] During the summer daytime, solar radiation directly hits the cast-in-place concrete roof 1, rapidly heating it. The cast-in-place concrete roof 1 then heats the air layer 2 through thermal radiation, affecting indoor thermal comfort and causing damage to the gypsum board ceiling 4 due to expansion of the air layer. The present invention achieves passive ventilation and thermal insulation effectiveness through the following measures:

[0049] In the summer, opening the side wall vent cap assembly 6 and upper vents 512 creates both thermal compression ventilation and convection ventilation, rapidly discharging overheated air from the air interlayer 2 and alleviating indoor overheating. This prevents the air interlayer 2 from overheating and expanding, potentially causing pressure damage to the gypsum board ceiling 4. After the air expands due to the heat, the cold air is discharged outdoors through the upper vents 512 under the action of thermal compression ventilation. Simultaneously, new outdoor cold air continues to enter the air interlayer 2 through the side wall vent cap assembly 6, continuously removing heat and creating a continuous chimney effect. Furthermore, outdoor cold air can enter the air interlayer 2 through the side wall vent cap assembly 6 on one side of the building facade, removing heat, and then be discharged outdoors through the side wall vent cap assembly 6 on the other side of the building facade under the action of convection ventilation. This dual ventilation and heat exchange process continuously removes excess heat from the air interlayer 2 through passive ventilation technology, achieving the passive ventilation effect of the air interlayer 2 in the summer and improving indoor thermal comfort.

[0050] The present invention realizes the passive thermal insulation effect by means of the following measures:

[0051] In winter, closing the side wall vent cap assembly 6 and upper vent 512 ensures stable air flow within the interlayer 2, forming a closed air insulation layer. This reduces the thermal conductivity of the entire roof and ensures a stable indoor temperature. The overall thermal performance of the roof is enhanced by the combined effects of the cast-in-place concrete roof 1, interlayer 2, aerosol felt layer 3, and gypsum board ceiling 4, resulting in better insulation.

[0052] Taking an ordinary rural area as an example, the building interior dimensions (length × width × height) are 15000mm*6600mm*3600mm. The light ventilation holes are circular with a diameter of 250mm. There are 9 light ventilation tubes on the roof, with a total opening area of ​​1.77m 2 The actual area of ​​the concrete floor is 97.23m 2 The building faces north and south, with no windows on the east and west walls, and only windows on the north and south facades. The building walls are 240mm thick clay solid brick walls, 90mm thick EPS insulation boards, and a 15mm cement mortar layer on the outside of the wall. The heat transfer coefficient of the exterior wall is 0.365W / (m 2 ·℃).

[0053] In order to simplify the calculation, it is assumed that the heat storage effect of the wall with external door and window openings is equal to that of the interior partition wall (the actual number of interior partition walls is greater than the wall with external door and window openings). There are no partition walls indoors and no door and window openings on the exterior walls.

[0054] The indoor room is an independent closed room, and the surrounding room area is ignored; the indoor heat exchange frequency in summer is 1.5ACH, that is, 0.0663m 2 / s.

[0055] Basic thermophysical parameters

[0056]

[0057] Calculation steps:

[0058] 1. Winter conditions

[0059] In winter, when the space between layers is closed, it presents a steady state, and the overall thermal resistance of the building roof is:

[0060] According to the requirements of the reinforced concrete roof EPS external insulation structure model in Table A.0.6 No. 3 of the "Rural Residential Building Energy Saving Design Standard" (GB / T 50824-2013), the roof thermal resistance is:

[0061]

[0062] According to calculations, the thermal resistance of the roof structure is greater than the roof thermal resistance in the "Rural Residential Building Energy Saving Design Standard" (GB / T50824-2013), meeting the usage requirements.

[0063] 2. Summer conditions

[0064] Under the heat exchange and ventilation conditions in summer, the roof

[0065] Summer is a dynamic heat storage ventilation state, and heat exchange is carried out between indoor and outdoor through ventilation, so heat storage ventilation calculations are required.

[0066] Total heat capacity of thermal storage body The calculated value is 7.67×10 7 , unit J / ℃;

[0067] Indoor equivalent thermal storage body radius The calculated value is 0.2, unit is m;

[0068] Equivalent thermal storage effective thermal diffusivity The calculated value is 6.43×10 -7 , unit m;

[0069] Time constant The calculated value is 18.4, unit is h;

[0070] Convective heat transfer number The calculated value is 6.94;

[0071] Fourier time constant η = R 2 / κ / 3600, the calculated value is 17.54, unit is h;

[0072] The delayed phase of indoor air temperature compared to outdoor air temperature The calculated value is 0.12;

[0073] Ratio of indoor air temperature amplitude to outdoor air temperature amplitude The calculated value is 0.13;

[0074] In the calculation formula:

[0075]

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] After calculation, the temperature delay time is 0.45h and the temperature attenuation multiple is 3.75 times, which can significantly improve the room's summer temperature environment.

[0079] In summary, the present invention effectively improves the problem of roof overheating in summer and improves the thermal insulation performance of the roof in winter; at the same time, the present invention can make full use of natural lighting during the day to improve indoor lighting conditions, and can convert daytime sunlight into battery chemical energy, and then convert it into electrical energy for indoor lighting at night.

[0080] The above is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and the specific implementation of the present invention should not be considered to be limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art of the present invention, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made, which should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flat roof for lighting and ventilation of rural buildings in cold climate zones, characterized in that: The invention comprises a cast-in-place concrete roof (1), a gypsum board ceiling (4), and an air space (2) located between the two. The cast-in-place concrete roof (1) is provided with vertical lighting and ventilation holes (55) communicating with the air space (2). The side walls are provided with openable and closable horizontal ventilation holes (61) communicating with the air space (2). The openable and closable horizontal ventilation holes (61) are provided on two opposite main facades of the rural building. The lighting ventilation hole (55) has a built-in lighting ventilation tube assembly (5), and the lighting ventilation tube assembly (5) includes a lighting ventilation tube body (51), and the lighting ventilation tube body (51) includes a cylinder (513), the top of the cylinder (513) extends out of the concrete cast-in-place roof (1) and is provided with a laminated glass cap (511), and the bottom edge is connected to the gypsum board ceiling (4), and the side of the cylinder (513) is provided with an upper ventilation hole (512) at the part above the concrete cast-in-place roof (1), and a lower ventilation hole (514) at the part below the concrete cast-in-place roof (1), and the lower ventilation hole (514) is opposite to the openable and closable horizontal ventilation hole (61).

2. The lighting and ventilation flat roof for rural buildings in cold climate zones according to claim 1, characterized in that: A light-emitting assembly (53) is provided at the bottom end of the cylinder (513), and the light-emitting assembly (53) includes frosted glass (533). The frosted glass (533) is provided in an opening of a gypsum board ceiling (4), and a patch LED (531) is provided on the upper portion of the frosted glass (533). The patch LED (531) is connected to a lithium battery pack (532) via a flexible wire (534).

3. The lighting and ventilation flat roof for rural buildings in cold climate zones according to claim 2, characterized in that: A windproof cap body (52) is provided on the concrete cast-in-place roof (1) around the cylinder (513). The windproof cap body (52) is in the shape of a square cone with a truncated top. The cylinder (513) is located directly below the truncated top area, and the truncated top area is less than or equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the cylinder (513).

4. The lighting and ventilation flat roof for rural buildings in cold climate zones according to claim 3, characterized in that: The windproof cap body (52) includes an integrated base (522), the upper portion of the integrated base (522) is connected to a solar photovoltaic panel (521), the cylinder (513) is surrounded by the solar photovoltaic panel (521), the power output end of the solar photovoltaic panel (521) is connected to the lithium battery pack (532), and the lower portion of the integrated base (522) is provided with a flooding (523) and a drainage hole (524).

5. The lighting and ventilation flat roof for rural buildings in cold climate zones according to claim 4, characterized in that: A waterproof platform (54) is provided on the concrete cast-in-place roof (1), and the integrated base (522) is provided on the waterproof platform (54), with a silicone adhesive layer (12) provided between the two.

6. The lighting and ventilation flat roof for rural buildings in cold climate zones according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the lighting ventilation holes (55) is the same as the number of the openable and closable horizontal ventilation holes (61).

7. The lighting and ventilation flat roof for rural buildings in cold climate zones according to claim 1, characterized in that: A side wall vent cap assembly (6) is provided in the openable and closable horizontal vent hole (61), and the side wall vent cap assembly (6) includes an openable and closable vent cap (62).

8. The lighting and ventilation flat roof for rural buildings in cold climate zones according to claim 1, characterized in that: An aerogel felt layer (3) is provided on the upper surface of the gypsum board ceiling (4).

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