Light emitting device

Abstract

A light-emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an intermediate layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode and including emission layers patterned into red and green emission layers of respective subpixels, wherein the red emission layer includes a red dopant having a horizontal dipole moment, and the green emission layer includes a green dopant having a horizontal dipole moment, and the horizontal dipole moment of the green dopant is greater than the horizontal dipole moment of the red dopant.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority and benefit to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-0054095, filed on May 6, 2020, which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes, as fully set forth herein. Technical Field

[0003] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention generally relate to light-emitting devices, and more specifically, to electronic devices including light-emitting devices. Background Technology

[0004] Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are self-emitting devices that, compared to devices in the art, offer advantages such as wide viewing angle, high contrast, short response time, and superior characteristics in terms of brightness, driving voltage, and response speed.

[0005] An organic light-emitting device may include a first electrode disposed on a substrate, and a hole transport region, an emitter layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode sequentially disposed on the first electrode. Holes supplied from the first electrode can move towards the emitter layer through the hole transport region, and electrons supplied from the second electrode can move towards the emitter layer through the electron transport region. Charge carriers, such as holes and electrons, recombine in the emitter layer to generate excitons. These excitons transition from an excited state to a ground state, thereby generating light.

[0006] The information disclosed in this background section is only for understanding the background of the inventive concept, and therefore may contain information that does not constitute prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The light-emitting device constructed according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and the electronic device including the light-emitting device allow the user not to perceive color changes depending on the viewing angle, and therefore the color viewed from the front is substantially the same as the color viewed from the side. For example, the applicant has found that when the horizontal dipole moments of the green dopant and the red dopant of the light-emitting device are within any range disclosed herein, the direction of movement of the color-coordinate change depending on the viewing angle can be the direction of the minimum perceptible chromatic aberration (MPCD) line, and therefore, the user may not perceive the color change depending on the viewing angle.

[0008] Further features of the inventive concept will be set forth in the following description, and in part will be obvious from the description or may be learned by practice of the inventive concept.

[0009] According to an aspect of the present application, a light-emitting device includes a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an intermediate layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode and including emission layers patterned into red and green emission layers of respective subpixels, wherein the red emission layer includes a red dopant having a horizontal dipole moment, and the green emission layer includes a green dopant having a horizontal dipole moment, and the horizontal dipole moment of the green dopant is greater than the horizontal dipole moment of the red dopant.

[0010] The horizontal dipole moment of the green dopant can be in a range of about 60% to about 95% of the total dipole moment of the green dopant.

[0011] The horizontal dipole moment of the red dopant can be about 80% or less of the total dipole moment of the red dopant.

[0012] The second electrode can have a capping layer having a refractive index of about 1.6 or greater.

[0013] The capping layer can be in contact with the second electrode.

[0014] An encapsulation layer can be provided on the second electrode.

[0015] The encapsulation layer can be provided by alternately stacking at least one organic layer and at least one inorganic layer.

[0016] The light-emitting device can not include a capping layer.

[0017] The green dopant and the red dopant can each be represented by Formula 401:

[0018] Formula 401

[0019] M(L 401 )xc1(L 402 )xc2

[0020] Formula 402

[0021]

[0022] wherein, in Formulas 401 and 402, the variables are defined herein.

[0023] The variable M can be iridium, platinum, palladium, osmium, titanium, gold, hafnium, europium, terbium, rhodium, rhenium, or thulium.

[0024] The variable X 401 in Formula 402 can be nitrogen, and the variable X 402 may be carbon.

[0025] The variables X 401 and X 402 in Formula 402 can each be nitrogen.

[0026] The variable L402 The organic ligand can comprise a halogen group, a diketonate group, a carboxylate group, a -C(=0) group, an isonitrile group, a -CN group, a phosphorus group, or any combination thereof.

[0027] The at least one of the red dopant and the green dopant can be any one of the following compounds 1-53 as defined herein.

[0028] The intermediate layer can further comprise an emission layer patterned into a blue emission layer.

[0029] The direction of the color-coordinate variation movement can be a direction of a minimum perceptible color difference line.

[0030] The color-coordinate variation movement can be a movement at a viewing angle of greater than about 0 degrees to about 60 degrees.

[0031] The horizontal dipole moment of the red dopant can be in a range of about 60% to about 80% of a total dipole moment of the red dopant.

[0032] The first electrode can be an anode, the second electrode can be a cathode, and the intermediate layer can be disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, can comprise an emission layer patterned into red, green, and / or blue emission layers corresponding to sub-pixels, and can comprise: i) a hole transport region located between the first electrode and the emission layer and comprising a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a buffer layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof; and ii) an electron transport region located between the emission layer and the second electrode and comprising a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0033] The electronic device can comprise: a thin film transistor; and the light emitting device as defined above, wherein the thin film transistor can comprise a source electrode, a drain electrode, an active layer, and a gate electrode, and the first electrode of the light emitting device can be electrically connected to one of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the thin film transistor.

[0034] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the application.

[0036] Figure 1 Schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a light emitting device constructed in accordance with the principles of the present application.

[0037] Figure 2is a graph depicting color-coordinate shift movement as a function of viewing angle for a light emitting device according to the pertinent art.

[0038] Figure 3 is a graph depicting color-coordinate shift movement as a function of viewing angle for a light emitting device constructed in accordance with the principles of the application.

[0039] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of an emission apparatus constructed in accordance with the principles of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various exemplary embodiments or implementations of the present application. As used herein, "embodiment" and "implementation" are interchangeable terms that refer to a non-limiting example of an apparatus or method employing one or more inventive concepts disclosed herein. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various exemplary embodiments can be practiced without these specific details, or with one or more equivalent arrangements. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring various exemplary embodiments. In addition, various exemplary embodiments can be different from one another, but need not be mutually exclusive. For example, specific shapes, configurations, and characteristics of one exemplary embodiment can be used or implemented in another exemplary embodiment without departing from the inventive concepts.

[0041] Unless otherwise indicated, the illustrated exemplary embodiments are to be understood as providing examples of the details in changing some ways in which the inventive concepts can be practiced. Thus, unless otherwise indicated, features, components, modules, layers, films, panels, regions, and / or aspects of various embodiments (hereinafter, individually or collectively referred to as "elements") can be combined, separated, interchanged, and / or rearranged without departing from the inventive concepts.

[0042] The use of cross-hatching and / or shading in the drawings is generally provided to illustrate the boundaries, or edges, of elements of the drawings. As such, unless otherwise indicated, the presence or absence of cross-hatching or shading is not intended to indicate or imply any particular material, material property, dimension, ratio, commonality between elements, and / or any other characteristic, attribute, property, or the like of the elements. In addition, in the drawings, the size and relative sizes of elements can be exaggerated for clarity. When exemplary embodiments can be practiced differently, the specific sequence of processes can be different from described. For example, two consecutively described processes can be performed at substantially the same time or in reverse order to the described sequence. Also, the same reference numbers are used to indicate the same elements.

[0043] When an element, such as a layer, is referred to as being "on", "connected to", or "coupled to" another element or layer, it can be directly on, connected to, or coupled to the other element or layer, or intervening elements or layers can be present. In contrast, when an element or layer is referred to as being "directly on", "directly connected to", or "directly coupled to" another element or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers present. For the purposes of this disclosure, the term "connected" can include physical or electrical connection with or without intervening elements. In addition, the D1-axis, the D2-axis, and the D3-axis are not limited to three axes of a rectangular coordinate system, such as an x-axis, a y-axis, and a z-axis, and can be interpreted in a broader sense. For example, the D1-axis, the D2-axis, and the D3-axis can be perpendicular to one another, or can represent different directions that are not perpendicular to one another. For the purposes of the present disclosure, "at least one of X, Y, and Z" and "at least one of the group consisting of X, Y, and Z" can be interpreted to include only X, only Y, only Z, or any combination of at least two of the groups X, Y, and Z, such as, for example, XYZ, XYY, YZ, and ZZ. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0044] Although the terms "first", "second", etc. can be used herein to describe various types of elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element from another. Thus, a first element discussed below could be termed a second element without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure.

[0045] Spatially relative terms, such as "beneath", "below", "lower", "under", "above", "upper", "over", "higher", "side" (as in "sidewall"), and the like, can be used herein for descriptive purposes, and can be used to describe one element's or structure's relationship to another element(s) or structure(s) as illustrated in the figures. The spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientations depicted in the figures. For example, if a device is turned over in the figure, the elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or structures would then be oriented "above" the other elements or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "below" can encompass both an orientation of above and below. Moreover, the device can be otherwise oriented (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

[0046] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, the use of the terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including" and / or "having" when used in this specification, specifies the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof. It should also be noted that, as used herein, the terms "substantially", "approximately" and other similar terms are used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, and, as such, are utilized to account for inherent deviations in measurements, calculations and / or other sources of deviations.

[0047] Various exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross-sectional and / or exploded illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments and / or intermediate structures of the exemplary embodiments. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein are not to be construed as being limited to the particular shapes of regions illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result from, for example, manufacturing. As used herein, the region of a device outlined by the closed loop in the figures is intended to represent one embodiment of a device, and such a closed loop is not intended to limit the scope of the device or the present disclosure in any way. Thus, the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein are not to be construed as being limited to the particular geometric configurations illustrated herein but are to include configurations of other shapes that result from, for example, manufacturing. As such, the regions illustrated in the figures can be schematic and the shapes of the regions can not reflect the actual shape of the regions of a device and, as such, are not intended to be limiting.

[0048] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terminology used, such as that found in the art, should not be interpreted as limiting to the particular terminology unless otherwise indicated. Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terminology used, such as that found in the art, should not be interpreted as limiting to the particular terminology unless otherwise indicated.

[0049] Light propagates in the vertical direction of the dipole moment of the light emitting compound molecules, and in the dipole moment arranged in the x-y plane, light is emitted in the vertical direction. However, in the dipole moment of the z axis, light is emitted in the horizontal direction, resulting in light loss. When the molecules are arranged to be oriented in the horizontal direction of the substrate (i.e., when the dipole moment in the horizontal direction increases), the efficiency can be improved.

[0050] In an organic light emitting device, the greater the horizontal dipole moment, the more light is emitted to the front, which increases the external quantum efficiency. Therefore, the molecular structure is designed in a planar form so that the horizontal dipole moment increases when the light emitting material is deposited.

[0051] Figure 1is a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a light emitting device constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention. Figure 2 is a graph depicting the movement of color-coordinate variation according to viewing angle in a light emitting device in the related art. Figure 3 is a graph depicting the movement of color-coordinate variation according to viewing angle in a light emitting device constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention.

[0052] As shown in Figure 2 As shown in

[0053] One of the reasons for the color variation according to viewing angle is that the red resonance is similar in intensity to the green resonance, and thus the color coordinates vary according to viewing angle (white angle difference: WAD).

[0054] According to one or more exemplary embodiments, a light emitting device can include a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an intermediate layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer patterned into a red emission layer and a green emission layer according to a sub-pixel, wherein the red emission layer can include a red dopant, the green emission layer can include a green dopant, and a horizontal dipole moment of the green dopant can be greater than a horizontal dipole moment of the red dopant.

[0055] Because the green color is strong at a high viewing angle (e.g., about 60 degrees), it is necessary to widen the red angle distribution at a high viewing angle so as not to move toward the green color. When the horizontal dipole moment of the red dopant is increased, the red light emission at a high viewing angle (e.g., about 60 degrees) can be increased. On the other hand, by adjusting the horizontal dipole moment of the green dopant, the position of the viewing angle of about 60 degrees can be adjusted. When the horizontal dipole moment of the green dopant is decreased, the green light emission at a high viewing angle (e.g., about 60 degrees) can be increased.

[0056] In a light emitting device according to one or more exemplary embodiments, the horizontal dipole moment of the green dopant can be greater than the horizontal dipole moment of the red dopant. In some exemplary embodiments, the horizontal dipole moment of the green dopant can be in a range of about 60% to about 95% of the total dipole moment of the green dopant.

[0057] In some exemplary embodiments, the horizontal dipole moment of the red dopant can be about 80% or less of the total dipole moment of the red dopant. In some exemplary embodiments, the horizontal dipole moment of the red dopant can be in a range of about 60% to about 80% of the total dipole moment of the red dopant. In some exemplary embodiments, the horizontal dipole moment of the red dopant can be in a range of about 65% to about 75%.

[0058] The total dipole moment refers to the sum of the horizontal dipole moment and the vertical dipole moment. When the horizontal dipole moment of the green dopant and the horizontal dipole moment of the red dopant are within any one of the ranges, the direction of the color-coordinate variation depending on the viewing angle can be the minimum perceptible color difference (MPCD) line direction, and thus, the user can not recognize the color variation depending on the viewing angle.

[0059] In some exemplary embodiments, the green dopant and the red dopant can each be represented by Formula 401:

[0060] Formula 401

[0061] M(L 401 ) xc1 (L 402 ) xc2

[0062] In Formula 401,

[0063] M can be a transition metal (for example, iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh), rhenium (Re), or thulium (Tm)),

[0064] L 401 may be a ligand represented by Formula 402, and xc1may be 1, 2, or 3, and when xc1is 2 or more, at least two L 401 may be the same as or different from each other,

[0065] Formula 402

[0066]

[0067] L 402 may be an organic ligand, and xc2may be an integer of 0 to 4, and when xc2is 2 or more, at least two L 402 may be the same as or different from each other,

[0068] In Formula 402,

[0069] X 401 and X 402 may each independently be nitrogen or carbon,

[0070] Ring A 401 and Ring A 402 may each independently be a C5-C 60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0071] T 401may be a single bond, -O-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -N(Q 411 )-, -N=, -C(Q 411 )(Q 412 )-, -C(Q 411 )=C(Q 412 )-, -C(Q 411 )= or =C=,

[0072] X 403 and X 404 may each independently be a chemical bond (e.g., a covalent or coordinate bond), O, S, N(Q 413 ), B(Q 413 ), P(Q 413 ), C(Q 413 )(Q 414 ), or Si(Q 413 )(Q 414 ),

[0073] wherein Q 411 through Q 414 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, a monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group,

[0074] R 401 and R 402 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-Ci8aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C7-C20aralkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C4-Ci8heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted C5-Ci8heteroaralkyl, -Si(Q 60 arylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C6-Ci8aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C7-C20aralkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C4-Ci8heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted C5-Ci8heteroaralkyl, -Si(Q 60 heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 401 )(Q 402 )(Q 403 ), -N(Q 401 )(Q 402 ), -B(Q 401 )(Q 402 ), -C(=O)(Q 401 ), -S(=O)2(Q 401 ), or -P(=O)(Q 401 )(Q 402 ),

[0075] Q 401 to Q 403 may be understood by reference to the description of Q 411 to Q 414 provided herein, respectively,

[0076] xc11and xc12may each independently be an integer from 0 to 10, and

[0077] * and *' in formula 402 each indicate a binding site to M in formula 401.

[0078] In one or more exemplary embodiments, in formula 402, i) X 401 may be nitrogen, and X 402 may be carbon, or ii) X 401 and X 402 may each be nitrogen.

[0079] In one or more exemplary embodiments, when xc1in formula 401 is 2 or greater, at least two L 401 two rings A 401 may optionally be bound through T 402 as a linking group, or two rings A 402 may optionally be bound through T 403 as a linking group (see compounds 12 to 24 provided herein). T 402 and T 403 may each be understood by reference to the description of T 401 provided herein.

[0080] L 402 in formula 401 can be any appropriate organic ligand. For example, L 402may be a halogen group, a diketone group (e.g., acetylacetone group), a carboxylic acid group (e.g., picolinate group), -C(=0), an isonitrile group, -CN, or a phosphorus group (e.g., phosphine group or phosphite group), but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0081] In some exemplary embodiments, the green dopant can be a compound different from the red dopant. In some exemplary embodiments, at least one of the red dopant and the green dopant can be any one of the following compounds:

[0082]

[0083]

[0084]

[0085]

[0086] In some exemplary embodiments, the intermediate layer can further include an emission layer patterned into a blue emission layer. In some exemplary embodiments, a dopant included in the blue emission layer can be a metal complex including a ligand and a metal. The blue dopant can be a commonly used blue dopant compound.

[0087] In some exemplary embodiments, the direction of the color-coordinate variation movement according to the viewing angle can be a minimum perceptible color difference (MPCD) line direction. The expression "the direction of the color-coordinate variation movement according to the viewing angle is the MPCD line direction" as used herein means that the direction of the color-coordinate variation movement according to the viewing angle is in the same direction as the MPCD line direction, not that the direction of the color-coordinate variation movement according to the viewing angle is exactly the same as the MPCD line direction.

[0088] The term "the same direction" as used herein means, for example, that the direction of the color-coordinate variation movement according to the viewing angle is the up-down direction, and the MPCD line direction is also the up-down direction. The term "the same direction" as used herein means, for example, that the direction of the color-coordinate variation movement according to the viewing angle is the left-right direction, and the MPCD line direction is also the left-right direction, or the viewing angle is the upper-right direction, and the MPCD line direction is also the upper-right direction.

[0089] In some exemplary embodiments, the color-coordinate variation movement can be a movement at a viewing angle of greater than about 0 degree to about 60 degrees. A viewing angle of about 0 degree means a case of viewing from the front.

[0090] In some example embodiments, in the light emitting device, the first electrode can be an anode, the second electrode can be a cathode, and the intermediate layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode and including the emission layer patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and / or a blue emission layer according to the sub-pixel can include: i) a hole transport zone between the first electrode and the emission layer and including a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a buffer layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof; and ii) an electron transport zone between the emission layer and the second electrode and including a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0091] The electronic device can include a thin film transistor and a light emitting device, wherein the thin film transistor can include a source electrode, a drain electrode, an active layer, and a gate electrode, and a first electrode of the light emitting device can be electrically connected to one of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the thin film transistor.

[0092] Figure 1 of the description

[0093] Figure 1 A schematic view of a light emitting device 10 according to an example embodiment. The light emitting device 10 can include a first electrode 110, an intermediate layer 150, and a second electrode 190. As used herein, a light emitting device will be described in connection with a light emitting device 10 including a first electrode 110, an intermediate layer 150, and a second electrode 190. Figure 1 A structure of a light emitting device 10 according to some example embodiments and a method of manufacturing a light emitting device 10 according to an example embodiment will be described.

[0094] First electrode 110

[0095] In Figure 1 In some example embodiments, in the light emitting device, the first electrode can be an anode, the second electrode can be a cathode, and the intermediate layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode and including the emission layer patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and / or a blue emission layer according to the sub-pixel can include: i) a hole transport zone between the first electrode and the emission layer and including a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a buffer layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof; and ii) an electron transport zone between the emission layer and the second electrode and including a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0096] The first electrode 110 can be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the first electrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, a material for forming the first electrode 110 can be indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), or any combination thereof, but example embodiments are not limited thereto. In some example embodiments, when the first electrode 110 is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), or any combination thereof can be used as a material for forming the first electrode 110, but example embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0097] The first electrode 110 can have a single layer structure composed of a single layer or a multi-layer structure including two or more layers. In some exemplary embodiments, the first electrode 110 can have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO, but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0098] Intermediate layer 150

[0099] The intermediate layer 150 can be on the first electrode 110. The intermediate layer 150 can include an emission layer. The intermediate layer 150 can further include a hole transport zone between the first electrode 110 and the emission layer and an electron transport zone between the emission layer and the second electrode 190. In addition to various organic materials, the intermediate layer 150 can further include metal-containing compounds such as organometallic compounds and inorganic materials such as quantum dots, etc.

[0100] Hole transport zone in intermediate layer 150

[0101] The hole transport zone can have i) a single layer structure composed of a single layer composed of a single material, ii) a single layer structure composed of a single layer including a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layer structure having a plurality of layers including a plurality of different materials. The hole transport zone can include a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an emission auxiliary layer, an electron blocking layer (EBL), or a combination thereof.

[0102] For example, the hole transport zone can have a multi-layer structure, for example, a hole injection layer / hole transport layer structure, a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole injection layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole transport layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, or a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / electron blocking layer structure, in which the layers of each structure are sequentially stacked on the first electrode 110 in the order recited, but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0103] The hole transport zone can include a compound represented by Formula 201, a compound represented by Formula 202, or any combination thereof:

[0104] Formula 201

[0105]

[0106] Formula 202

[0107]

[0108] wherein, in Formulas 201 and 202,

[0109] L 201 to L 204 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroarylene, substituted or unsubstituted bivalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group or substituted or unsubstituted bivalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group,

[0110] L 205 may be *-O-*', *-S-*', *-N(Q 201 )-*', substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 20 alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroarylene, substituted or unsubstituted bivalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group or substituted or unsubstituted bivalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group,

[0111] xa1to xa4may each independently be 0, 1, 2, or 3 (e.g., 0, 1, or 2),

[0112] xa5may be an integer from 1 to 10 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4), and

[0113] R 201 to R 204 and Q 201 may each independently be substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60Heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, or substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0114] In some exemplary embodiments, in formula 202, R 201 and R 202 Optionally linked via a single bond, dimethyl-methylene, or diphenyl-methylene, and R 203 and R 204 It can be optionally linked via a single bond, a dimethyl-methylene bond, or a diphenyl-methylene bond.

[0115] In some exemplary embodiments, i) R in Equation 201 201 To R 203 at least one of them and R in equation 202 (ii) 201 To R 204 At least one of them may be independently unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of the following: fluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, indo[a]phenanthryl, pyridyl, pyrroleyl, thiopheneyl, furanyl, indoleyl, benzo[a]indoleyl, isoindoleyl, benzo[a]isoindoleyl, benzo[a]silanecyclopentadienyl, benzo[a]thiopheneyl, benzo[a]furanyl, carbazoleyl, dibenzo[a]silanecyclopentadienyl, dibenzo[a]thiopheneyl or dibenzo[a]furanyl: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, C1-C 10 Alkyl-substituted phenyl, -F-substituted phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, indyl, fluorenyl, dimethylfluorenyl, diphenylfluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, dimethylbenzo[a]fluorenyl, diphenylbenzo[a]fluorenyl, indo[a]phenanthryl, dimethylindo[a]phenanthryl, diphenylindo[a]phenanthryl, pyridyl, pyrroleyl, thiopheneyl, furanyl, indoleyl, phenylindoleyl, benzo[a]indoleyl, phenylbenzo[a]indoleyl, isoindoleyl, phenylisoindoleyl, benzo[a]iso Indolyl, phenylbenzisoindolyl, benzosilicyclopentadienyl, dimethylbenzisilicyclopentadienyl, diphenylbenzisilicyclopentadienyl, benzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl, carbazoleyl, phenylcarbazoleyl, biphenylcarbazoleyl, dibenzosilicyclopentadienyl, dimethyldibenzosilicyclopentadienyl, diphenyldibenzosilicyclopentadienyl, dibenzothiophenyl, and dibenzofuranyl, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0116] In some exemplary embodiments, the compound represented by formula 201 or 202 may include at least one carbazole group. In some exemplary embodiments, the compound represented by formula 201 may not include a carbazole group.

[0117] In some exemplary embodiments, the compound represented by formula 201 may be represented by formula 201A-1:

[0118] Formula 201A-1

[0119]

[0120] In Equation 201A-1, L in Equation 201A-1 203 xa3 and R 203 You can refer to the L provided in this article respectively 203 xa3 and R 203 To understand from the description, and R 211 To R 216 Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, C1-C 10 Alkyl-substituted phenyl, -F-substituted phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, indyl, fluorenyl, dimethylfluorenyl, diphenylfluorenyl, spiro-difluorenyl, benzo[fluorenyl], dimethylbenzo[fluorenyl], diphenylbenzo[fluorenyl], indo[phenanthryl], dimethylindo[phenanthryl], diphenylindo[phenanthryl], pyridyl, pyrroleyl, thiopheneyl, furanyl, indoleyl, phenylindoleyl, benzo[indole], phenylbenzo[indole], isoindoleyl, phenyl iso[indole] Indole, benzoisoindole, phenylbenzoisoindole, benzosiloxanediol, dimethylbenzosiloxanediol, diphenylbenzosiloxanediol, benzothiophene, benzofuran, carbazole, phenylcarbazole, biphenylcarbazole, dibenzosiloxanediol, dimethyldibenzosiloxanediol, diphenyldibenzosiloxanediol, dibenzothiophene, or dibenzofuran.

[0121] In some exemplary embodiments, the hole transport region may include one of compounds HT1 to HT44, 4,4',4”-tris[phenyl(m-tolyl)amino]triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 1-N,1-N-bis[4-(diphenylamino)phenyl]-4-N,4-N-diphenylphenyl-1,4-diamine (TDATA), 4,4',4”-tris[2-naphthyl(phenyl)amino]triphenylamine (2-TNATA), N,N'-di(1-naphthyl)amino[2-naphthyl]triphenylamine (2-TNATA), or N,N'-di(1-naphthyl)amino[2-naphthyl]triphenylamine (2-TNATA). N,N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPB or NPD), N4,N4'-bis(naphthyl-2-yl)-N4,N4'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (β-NPB), N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (TPD), N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-9,9-spirodifluorene-2,7-diamine (spiro-TPD) N2,N7-di-1-naphthyl-N2,N7-diphenyl-9,9'-spirobis[9H-fluorene]-2,7-diamine (spiro-NPB), N,N′-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-2,2'-dimethyldiphenyl-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (methylated NPB), 4,4′-cyclohexylbis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)aniline] (TAPC), N,N,N′,N′-tetra(3-methylphenyl)-3, 3′-Dimethylbenzidine (HMTPD), 4,4',4”-Tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI / DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / camphorsulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS), or any combination thereof, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto:

[0122]

[0123]

[0124]

[0125]

[0126] The thickness of the hole transport region can be approximately to approximately Within the scope, and in some exemplary embodiments, approximately to approximately Within the range. When the hole transport region includes at least one selected from the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer, the thickness of the hole injection layer can be approximately to approximately about 1 nm to about 100 nm, and in some exemplary embodiments, about 1 nm to about 50 nm. about 1 nm to about 100 nm, and in some exemplary embodiments, about 1 nm to about 50 nm. about 1 nm to about 100 nm, and in some exemplary embodiments, about 1 nm to about 50 nm. about 1 nm to about 100 nm, and in some exemplary embodiments, about 1 nm to about 50 nm. about 1 nm to about 100 nm, and in some exemplary embodiments, about 1 nm to about 50 nm. about 1 nm to about 100 nm, and in some exemplary embodiments, about 1 nm to about 50 nm. about 1 nm to about 100 nm, and in some exemplary embodiments, about 1 nm to about 50 nm. When the thicknesses of the hole transport zone, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are within any of these ranges, excellent hole transport characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0127] The emission auxiliary layer can increase light emission efficiency by compensating for an optical resonance distance according to a wavelength of light emitted by the emission layer. The electron blocking layer can reduce or eliminate electron flow from the electron transport zone. The emission auxiliary layer and the electron blocking layer can include the materials described above.

[0128] p-dopant

[0129] The hole transport zone can include a charge generating material as well as the materials described above to improve the conductive properties of the hole transport zone. The charge generating material can be substantially uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the hole transport zone. The charge generating material can include, for example, a p-dopant.

[0130] In some exemplary embodiments, the LUMO energy level of the p-dopant can be about -3.5 eV or less. The p-dopant can be a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, a cyano-containing compound, or any combination thereof, although exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0131] In some exemplary embodiments, the p-dopant can include a quinone derivative such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ), a metal oxide such as tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide, a cyano-containing compound such as 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylenehexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN), a compound represented by Formula 221, or any combination thereof, although exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto:

[0132]

[0133] Formula 221

[0134] wherein, in Formula 221,

[0135] R 221 to R 223 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group or substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, wherein R 221 to R 223 at least one of R 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group or monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group: cyano; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; C1-C 20 alkyl substituted with at least one cyano; C1-C 20 alkyl substituted with at least one -F; C1-C 20 alkyl substituted with at least one -Cl; C1-C 20 alkyl substituted with at least one -Br; C1-C 20 alkyl substituted with at least one -I; or any combination thereof.

[0136] Emissive layer in intermediate layer 150

[0137] When the light emitting device 10 is a full color light emitting device, the emission layer can be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and / or a blue emission layer according to sub-pixels. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the emission layer can have a stacked structure. The stacked structure can include two or more layers selected from a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer. The two or more layers can be in direct contact with each other. In some exemplary embodiments, the two or more layers can be separated from each other. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the emission layer can include two or more materials. The two or more materials can include a red light emitting material, a green light emitting material, or a blue light emitting material. The two or more materials can be mixed with each other in a single layer. The two or more materials mixed with each other in the single layer can emit white light.

[0138] The emission layer can include a host and a dopant. The dopant can be a phosphorescent dopant, a fluorescent dopant, or any combination thereof. The amount of the dopant in the emission layer can range from about 0.01 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the host, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. In some exemplary embodiments, the emission layer can include quantum dots.

[0139] The thickness of the emission layer can range from about 1 nm to about 1000 nm, and in some exemplary embodiments, from about 10 nm to about 500 nm. When the thickness of the emission layer is within any of these ranges, improved light emission characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage. to about 1000 nm, and in some exemplary embodiments, from about 10 nm to about 500 nm. When the thickness of the emission layer is within any of these ranges, improved light emission characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage. to about 1000 nm, and in some exemplary embodiments, from about 10 nm to about 500 nm. When the thickness of the emission layer is within any of these ranges, improved light emission characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage. to about 1000 nm, and in some exemplary embodiments, from about 10 nm to about 500 nm. When the thickness of the emission layer is within any of these ranges, improved light emission characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage. to about 1000 nm, and in some exemplary embodiments, from about 10 nm to about 500 nm. When the thickness of the emission layer is within any of these ranges, improved light emission characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0140] Host in emissive layer

[0141] The host can include a compound represented by Formula 301:

[0142] Formula 301

[0143] [Ar 301 ] xb11 -[(L 301 ) xb1 -R 301 ] xb21

[0144] In Formula 301,

[0145] Ar 301 may be selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C 60 carbocyclic group and a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, xb11may be 1, 2, or 3, L 301 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group,

[0146] xb1may be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5,

[0147] R 301It can be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 60 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 Alkyne group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Arylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q 301 (Q) 302 (Q) 303 -N(Q) 301 (Q) 302 -B(Q) 301 (Q) 302 -C(=O)(Q) 301 -S(=O)2(Q) 301 ) or -P(=O)(Q 301 (Q) 302 ),

[0148] xb21 can be 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, and

[0149] Q 301 To Q 303 Each can be understood by referring to the description of Q1 provided in this article.

[0150] In some exemplary embodiments, when xb11 in formula 301 is 2 or greater, at least two Ar 301 It can be bound by a single bond.

[0151] In some exemplary embodiments, the body may include a compound represented by Formula 301-1, a compound represented by Formula 301-2, or any combination thereof:

[0152] Formula 301-1

[0153]

[0154] Formula 301-2

[0155]

[0156] wherein, in Formula 301-1 to 301-2,

[0157] Ring A 301 to Ring A 304 may each independently be a C5-C 60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0158] X 301 may be O, S, N-[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 ], C(R 304 )(R 305 ) or Si(R 304 )(R 305 ),

[0159] xb22and xb23may each independently be 0, 1 or 2,

[0160] L 301 , xb1and R 301 may each be understood by reference to the description of L 301 , xb1and R 301 provided above,

[0161] L 302 to L 304 may each be understood by reference to the description of L 301 provided herein,

[0162] xb2to xb4may each be understood by reference to the description of xb1provided herein, and

[0163] R 302 to R 305 and R 311 to R 314 may each be understood by reference to the description of R 301 provided herein.

[0164] In some example embodiments, the host can include an alkaline earth metal complex. For example, the host can include a Be complex (e.g., compound H55), a Mg complex, a Zn complex, or any combination thereof.

[0165] In some example embodiments, the host can include one of compounds H1 to H120, 9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN), 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (MADN), 9,10-di-(2-naphthyl)-2-tert-butyl-anthracene (TBADN), 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-bis-9-carbazolylbenzene (mCP), 1,3,5-tris(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (TCP), or any combination thereof, although example embodiments are not limited thereto:

[0166]

[0167]

[0168]

[0169]

[0170]

[0171]

[0172]

[0173] Phosphorescent dopant included in emissive layer of intermediate layer 150

[0174] The emissive layer can be patterned into a red emissive layer and a green emissive layer according to a representative sub-pixel, and a horizontal dipole moment of the green dopant can be greater than a horizontal dipole moment of the red dopant. The emissive layer can further include an emissive layer patterned into a blue emissive layer. The green dopant and the red dopant can each be a phosphorescent dopant. The green dopant and the red dopant can each be understood by reference to the description of green dopants and red dopants provided herein.

[0175] Electron transport zone in intermediate layer 150

[0176] The electron transport zone can have i) a single layer structure composed of a single layer composed of a single material, ii) a single layer structure composed of a single layer including a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layer structure having a plurality of layers including a plurality of different materials. The electron transport zone can include a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, or an electron injection layer, although example embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0177] In some example embodiments, the electron transport zone can have an electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, a hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, an electron control layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, or a buffer layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, in which the layers of each structure are stacked in the order of the respective recitations on the emission layer, but example embodiments are not limited thereto. The electron transport zone (e.g., a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, or an electron transport layer in the electron transport zone) can include a metal-free compound including at least one ring-like group including π-electron depleted nitrogen that can readily accept an electron.

[0178] For example, the "ring-like group including π-electron depleted nitrogen" can be i) a first ring, ii) a fused ring-like group in which two or more first rings are fused, or iii) a fused ring-like group in which at least one first ring and at least one second ring are fused, in which the first ring is a heteromonocyclic group including at least one *-N=* portion as a ring-forming portion (e.g., imidazolyl, pyridyl, or triazinyl), and the second ring is a ring-like group that does not include a *-N=* portion as a ring-forming portion (e.g., phenyl, dibenzo furanyl, or carbazolyl),

[0179] Examples of the ring-like group including π-electron depleted nitrogen include pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolyl, benzoquinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzoisoquinolyl, quinoxalyl, benzoquinoxalyl, quinazolyl, benzoquinazolyl, cinnolinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, azacarbazolyl, azafluorenyl, azadibenzosilolyl, azadibenzothiophenyl, azadibenzofuranyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazotriazinyl, imidazopyrazinyl, and imidazopyridazinyl, but example embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0180] For example, the electron transport zone can include a compound represented by Formula 601 and including at least one ring-like group including π-electron depleted nitrogen.

[0181] Formula 601

[0182] [Ar 601 ] xe11 -[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 ] xe21

[0183] In Formula 601,

[0184] Ar 601 may be selected from substituted or unsubstituted C5-C 60 carbon ring groups and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic ring groups,

[0185] xe11may be 1, 2, or 3,

[0186] L 601 may be substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroarylene, substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group or substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group,

[0187] xe1may be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5,

[0188] R 601 may be substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 601 )(Q 602 )(Q 603 ), -C(=O)(Q 601 ), -S(=O)2(Q 601 ), or -P(=O)(Q 601 )(Q 602 ),

[0189] Q 601 through Q 603 may each be understood by reference to the description of Q1provided herein, and

[0190] xe21may be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

[0191] In some example embodiments, at least one of Ar 601 , L 601 , and R 601 in Formula 601 can each independently include a ring including a pi- electron depleted nitrogen. In some example embodiments, when xe11 in Formula 601 is 2 or greater, at least two Ar 601 may be bound via a single bond. In some example embodiments, in Formula 601, Ar 601 may be a substituted or unsubstituted anthracenyl group.

[0192] In some example embodiments, the electron transport region can include a compound represented by Formula 601-1:

[0193] Formula 601-1

[0194]

[0195] where, in Formula 601-1,

[0196] X 614 may be N or C(R 614 ), X 615 may be N or C(R 615 ), X 616 may be N or C(R 616 ), at least one selected from X 614 to X 616 may be N,

[0197] L 611 to L 613 may each be understood by reference to the description of L 601 provided herein,

[0198] xe611to xe613may each be understood by reference to the description of xe1provided herein,

[0199] R 611 to R 613 may each be understood by reference to the description of R 601 provided herein, and

[0200] R 614 to R 616 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, or naphthyl.

[0201] In some exemplary embodiments, in Formula 601 and 601-1, xe1and xe611 to xe613may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

[0202] The electron transport zone can include one of compounds ET1 to ET36, 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3), bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato-N1,O8)-(1,1’-biphenyl-4-olato) aluminum (BAlq), 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 4-(naphthalen-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ), or any combination thereof, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto:

[0203]

[0204]

[0205] The thickness of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, or the electron control layer can each independently be in a range of about to about and in some exemplary embodiments, in a range of about to about When the thickness of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, or the electron control layer is within any one of these ranges, excellent hole blocking characteristics or excellent electron control characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0206] The thickness of the electron transport layer can be in a range of about to about and in some exemplary embodiments, in a range of about to about When the thickness of the electron transport layer is within any one of these ranges, excellent electron transport characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0207] In addition to the above-described materials, the electron transport zone (e.g., the electron transport layer in the electron transport zone) can further include a metal-containing material.

[0208] The metal-containing material can include an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, or any combination thereof. The metal ion of the alkali metal complex can be a lithium (Li) ion, a sodium (Na) ion, a potassium (K) ion, a rubidium (Rb) ion, or a cesium (Cs) ion. The metal ion of the alkaline earth metal complex can be a beryllium (Be) ion, a magnesium (Mg) ion, a calcium (Ca) ion, a strontium (Sr) ion, or a barium (Ba) ion. Each ligand coordinated to the metal ion of the alkali metal complex and the alkaline earth metal complex can independently be a hydroxyquinoline, a hydroxyisoquinoline, a hydroxybenzoquinoline, a hydroxyacridine, a hydroxyphenanthridine, a hydroxyphenyl-oxazole, a hydroxyphenyl-thiazole, a hydroxyphenyl-oxadiazole, a hydroxyphenyl-thiadiazole, a hydroxyphenyl-pyridine, a hydroxyphenyl-benzimidazole, a hydroxyphenyl-benzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, a cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof, although the example embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0209] For example, the metal-containing material can include a Li complex. The Li complex can include, for example, compound ET-D1 ((8-hydroxyquinoline)lithium (LiQ)) or compound ET-D2:

[0210]

[0211] The electron transport region can include an electron injection layer that facilitates injection of electrons from the second electrode 190. The electron injection layer can directly contact the second electrode 190.

[0212] The electron injection layer can have i) a single layer structure composed of a single layer composed of a single material, ii) a single layer structure composed of a single layer including a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layer structure having a plurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

[0213] The electron injection layer can include an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal-containing compound, an alkaline earth metal-containing compound, a rare earth metal-containing compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof. The alkali metal can be Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal can be Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or any combination thereof. The rare earth metal can be Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, Gd, or any combination thereof.

[0214] The alkali metal-containing compound, the alkaline earth metal-containing compound, and the rare earth metal-containing compound can each be an oxide, a halide (e.g., a fluoride, a chloride, a bromide, or an iodide), or any combination thereof of each of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, and the rare earth metal. The alkali metal-containing compound can be an alkali metal oxide (such as Li20, Cs20, or K20), an alkali metal halide (such as LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, Csl, or Kl), or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal-containing compound can include an alkaline earth metal oxide, such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba x Sr 1-x O (where 0 < x < 1), or Ba x Ca 1-x O (where 0 < x < 1). The rare earth metal-containing compound can include YbF3, ScF3, Sc203, Y203, Ce203, GdF3, TbF3, YbI3, ScI3, TbI3, or any combination thereof.

[0215] The alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, and the rare earth metal complex can include i) one of the ions of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, and the rare earth metal described above, and ii) a ligand bound to the metal ion, such as a hydroxyquinoline, a hydroxyisoquinoline, a hydroxybenzoquinoline, a hydroxyacridine, a hydroxyphenanthridine, a hydroxyphenyl-oxazole, a hydroxyphenyl-thiazole, a hydroxyphenyl-oxadiazole, a hydroxyphenyl-thiadiazole, a hydroxyphenyl-pyridine, a hydroxyphenyl-benzimidazole, a hydroxyphenyl-benzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, a cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof, although the example embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0216] The electron injection layer can be composed of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, the rare earth metal, the alkali metal-containing compound, the alkaline earth metal-containing compound, the rare earth metal-containing compound, the alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, the rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof, as described above. In some example embodiments, the electron injection layer can further include an organic material (e.g., a compound represented by Formula 601). When the electron injection layer further includes an organic material, the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, the rare earth metal, the alkali metal-containing compound, the alkaline earth metal-containing compound, the rare earth metal-containing compound, the alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, the rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof can be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in a matrix including the organic material.

[0217] The thickness of the electron injection layer can be in a range of about to about and in some example embodiments, in a range of about to about When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within any of these ranges, excellent electron injection properties can be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0218] Second electrode 190

[0219] The second electrode 190 can be on the intermediate layer 150. In an exemplary embodiment, the second electrode 190 can be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode. In some exemplary embodiments, the material used to form the second electrode 190 can be a material having a low work function, for example, a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or any combination thereof.

[0220] The second electrode 190 can include lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), ITO, IZO, or any combination thereof, although exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. The second electrode 190 can be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode. The second electrode 190 can have a single layer structure or a multi-layer structure including two or more layers.

[0221] Capping layer

[0222] The first capping layer can be located outside the first electrode 110, and / or the second capping layer can be located outside the second electrode 190. In some exemplary embodiments, the light emitting device 10 can have a structure in which the first capping layer, the first electrode 110, the intermediate layer 150, and the second electrode 190 are sequentially stacked in the order recited; a structure in which the first electrode 110, the intermediate layer 150, the second electrode 190, and the second capping layer are sequentially stacked in the order recited; or a structure in which the first capping layer, the first electrode 110, the intermediate layer 150, the second electrode 190, and the second capping layer are sequentially stacked in the order recited.

[0223] In the light emitting device 10, light emitted from the emission layer in the intermediate layer 150 can pass through the first electrode 110, which can be a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode, and pass through the first capping layer to the outside. In the light emitting device 10, light emitted from the emission layer in the intermediate layer 150 can pass through the second electrode 190, which can be a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode, and pass through the second capping layer to the outside.

[0224] The first capping layer and the second capping layer can improve external light emission efficiency based on the principle of constructive interference. The first capping layer and the second capping layer can each independently be a capping layer including an organic material, an inorganic capping layer including an inorganic material, or a composite material capping layer including an organic material and an inorganic material.

[0225] The first capping layer and the second capping layer can each independently have a refractive index of about 1.6 or more at 589 nm. For example, the first capping layer can have a refractive index of about 1.6 at 589 nm, and the second capping layer can have a refractive index of about 1.7 at 589 nm. In some exemplary embodiments, the first capping layer and the second capping layer can each have a refractive index of about 1.6 at 589 nm. For example, the second capping layer can have a refractive index of about 1.6 at 589 nm, and the first capping layer can have a refractive index of about 1.7 at 589 nm.

[0226] In some exemplary embodiments, the first capping layer and the second capping layer can each independently have a refractive index in a range of about 1.6 to about 2.5 at 589 nm. In some exemplary embodiments, the first capping layer or the second capping layer can each be in contact with the first electrode 110 or the second electrode 190.

[0227] At least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer can each independently include a carbocyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound, an amino-containing compound, a porphyrin derivative, a phthalocyanine derivative, a naphthalocyanine derivative, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, or any combination thereof. The carbocyclic compound, the heterocyclic compound, and the amino-containing compound can be optionally substituted with a substituent of O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, I, or any combination thereof. In some exemplary embodiments, at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer can each independently include an amino-containing compound.

[0228] In some exemplary embodiments, at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer can each independently include a compound represented by Formula 201, a compound represented by Formula 202, or any combination thereof. In one or more exemplary embodiments, at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer can each independently include a compound selected from compounds HT28 to HT33, a compound selected from compounds CP1 to CP5, or any combination thereof, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto:

[0229]

[0230] Electronic device

[0231] The light emitting device can be included in various electronic devices. In some exemplary embodiments, the electronic device including the light emitting device can be an emission device or an authentication device.

[0232] In addition to the light emitting device, the electronic device (e.g., an emissive device) can further include: i) a color filter layer, ii) a color-conversion layer, or iii) both the color filter layer and the color-conversion layer. The color filter layer and / or the color-conversion layer can be disposed in at least one propagation direction of light emitted from the light emitting device. For example, the light emitted from the light emitting device can be blue light or white light. The light emitting device can be understood by reference to the description provided herein. In some example embodiments, the color-conversion layer can include quantum dots. The quantum dots can be, for example, the quantum dots described herein.

[0233] The electronic device can include a first substrate. The first substrate can include a plurality of sub-pixel regions, the color filter layer can include a plurality of color filter regions respectively corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixel regions, and the color-conversion layer can include a plurality of color-conversion regions respectively corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixel regions.

[0234] The pixel defining film can be located between the plurality of sub-pixel regions to define each sub-pixel region. The color filter layer can further include a plurality of color filter regions and a light blocking pattern between the plurality of color filter regions, and the color-conversion layer can further include a plurality of color-conversion regions and a light blocking pattern between the plurality of color-conversion regions.

[0235] The plurality of color filter regions can include: a first color filter region that emits first color light; a second color filter region that emits second color light; and / or a third color filter region that emits third color light, and the first color light, the second color light, and / or the third color light can have different maximum emission wavelengths. In some example embodiments, the first color light can be red light, the second color light can be green light, and the third color light can be blue light, although example embodiments are not limited thereto. In some example embodiments, the plurality of color filter regions (or the plurality of color-conversion regions) can each include quantum dots, although example embodiments are not limited thereto. In some example embodiments, the first color filter region can include red quantum dots, the second color filter region can include green quantum dots, and the third color filter region can not include quantum dots. The quantum dots can be understood by reference to the description of quantum dots provided herein. The first color filter region, the second color filter region, and / or the third color filter region can each further include an emitter, although example embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0236] In some example embodiments, the light emitting device can emit first light, the first color filter region can absorb the first light to emit 1-1 color light, the second color filter region can absorb the first light to emit 2-1 color light, and the third color filter region can absorb the first light to emit 3-1 color light. In some example embodiments, the 1-1 color light, the 2-1 color light, and the 3-1 color light can each have different maximum emission wavelengths. In some example embodiments, the first light can be blue light, the 1-1 color light can be red light, the 2-1 color light can be green light, and the 3-1 light can be blue light, although example embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0237] In addition to the light emitting device, the electronic device can further include a thin film transistor. The thin film transistor can include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer, wherein one of the source electrode and the drain electrode can be electrically connected to one of the first electrode and the second electrode of the light emitting device. The thin film transistor can further include a gate electrode or a gate insulating film, etc.

[0238] The active layer can include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, an organic semiconductor, and an oxide semiconductor, although example embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0239] The electronic device can further include a sealing portion for sealing the light emitting device. The sealing portion can be located between the color filter and the light emitting device. The sealing portion can allow light to pass from the light emitting device to the outside, and at the same time, prevent air and moisture from penetrating into the light emitting device. The sealing portion can be a sealing substrate including a transparent glass or plastic substrate. The sealing portion can be a thin film encapsulation layer including a plurality of organic layers and / or a plurality of inorganic layers. When the sealing portion is a thin film encapsulation layer, the electronic device can be flexible. The encapsulation layer can be formed by alternately stacking at least one organic layer and at least one inorganic layer.

[0240] The inorganic layer and the organic layer can each have two or more layers. The organic layer can include a polymer, for example, the organic layer can be a single layer film or a laminated film including polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polycarbonate, epoxy resin, polyethylene, and polyacrylate. In some example embodiments, the organic layer can include polyacrylate, for example, a polymerized monomer composition including a diacrylate-based monomer and a triacrylate-based monomer. The monomer composition can further include a monoacrylate-based monomer. In addition, the monomer composition can further include a photoinitiator such as TPO, although example embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0241] The inorganic layer can be a single layer film or a laminated film including a metal oxide or a metal nitride. In some example embodiments, the inorganic layer can include at least one of SiN x , Al2O3, SiO2, and TiO2.

[0242] The uppermost layer of the encapsulation layer exposed to the outside can be formed of an inorganic layer to prevent water vapor from permeating the light emitting device. The encapsulation layer can include at least one sandwich structure in which at least one organic layer is interposed between at least two inorganic layers. The encapsulation layer can include at least one sandwich structure in which at least one inorganic layer is interposed between at least two organic layers.

[0243] The encapsulation layer can include a first inorganic layer, a first organic layer, and a second inorganic layer stacked in this order from the top of the light emitting device. In some exemplary embodiments, the encapsulation layer can include a first inorganic layer, a first organic layer, a second inorganic layer, a second organic layer, and a third inorganic layer stacked in this order from the top of the light emitting device. In some exemplary embodiments, the encapsulation layer can include a first inorganic layer, a first organic layer, a second inorganic layer, a second organic layer, a third inorganic layer, a third organic layer, and a fourth inorganic layer stacked in this order from the top of the light emitting device.

[0244] A halide metal layer including LiF can be further included between the light emitting device and the first inorganic layer. When the first inorganic layer is formed by using sputtering or plasma deposition, the halide metal layer can prevent the light emitting device from being damaged.

[0245] The first organic layer can have a smaller area than the second inorganic layer, and the second organic layer can have a smaller area than the third inorganic layer. In addition, the first organic layer can be completely covered by the second inorganic layer, and the second organic layer can be completely covered by the third inorganic layer.

[0246] In some exemplary embodiments, the encapsulation layer can be on the second electrode. In some exemplary embodiments, no capping layer can be included between the encapsulation layer and the second electrode. In some exemplary embodiments, the encapsulation layer can be in contact with the second electrode. The authentication device can be, for example, a biometric authentication device that recognizes an individual according to biometric information (e.g., a fingertip or a pupil, etc.). The authentication device can further include a biometric information collection unit in addition to the above-described light emitting device.

[0247] The electronic device can be applied to or take the form of various displays, light sources, illuminations, personal computers (e.g., mobile personal computers), mobile phones, digital cameras, electronic notebooks, electronic dictionaries, electronic game consoles, medical devices (e.g., electronic thermometers, sphygmomanometers, blood glucose meters, pulse measurement devices, pulse wave measurement devices, electrocardiogram recorders, ultrasonic diagnostic devices, endoscope display devices), fish finders, various measurement devices, meters (e.g., meters of vehicles, airplanes, ships), projectors, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0248] Figure 4 of the description

[0249] Figure 4FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example embodiment of an emitting device constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention.

[0250] Figure 4 An emitting device in FIG. 1 can include a substrate 100, a thin film transistor, a light emitting device, and a package unit 300 sealing the light emitting device. The substrate 100 can be a flexible substrate, a glass substrate, or a metal substrate. A buffer layer 210 can be on the substrate 100. The buffer layer 210 can prevent impurities from penetrating the substrate 100 and provide a substantially flat surface on the substrate 100.

[0251] A thin film transistor can be on the buffer layer 210. The thin film transistor can include an active layer 220, a gate electrode 240, a source electrode 260, and a drain electrode 270. The active layer 220 can include an inorganic semiconductor such as silicon or polysilicon, an organic semiconductor, or an oxide semiconductor, and include a source region, a drain region, and a channel region.

[0252] A gate insulating film 230 for insulating the active layer 220 and the gate electrode 240 can be on the active layer 220, and the gate electrode 240 can be on the gate insulating film 230. An interlayer insulating film 250 can be on the gate electrode 240. The interlayer insulating film 250 can be between the gate electrode 240 and the source electrode 260 and between the gate electrode 240 and the drain electrode 270 to provide insulation therebetween.

[0253] The source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 can be on the interlayer insulating film 250. The interlayer insulating film 250 and the gate insulating film 230 can be formed to expose the source region and the drain region of the active layer 220, and the source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 can be adjacent to the exposed source region and the exposed drain region of the active layer 220.

[0254] Such a thin film transistor can be electrically connected to the light emitting device to drive the light emitting device and can be protected by a passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 can include an inorganic insulating film, an organic insulating film, or a combination thereof. The light emitting device can be on the passivation layer 280. The light emitting device can include a first electrode 110, an interlayer 150, and a second electrode 190.

[0255] The first electrode 110 can be on the passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 can not completely cover the drain electrode 270 and expose a certain region of the drain electrode 270, and the first electrode 110 can be disposed to be connected to the exposed drain electrode 270.

[0256] A pixel defining film 290 can be on the first electrode 110. The pixel defining film 290 can expose a certain region of the first electrode 110, and the interlayer 150 can be formed in the exposed region. The pixel defining film 290 can be a polyimide or a polyacrylic organic film. Some of the higher layers of the interlayer 150 can extend to an upper portion of the pixel defining film 290 and can be disposed in the form of a common layer.

[0257] The second electrode 190 can be on the intermediate layer 150, and a capping layer 170 can be additionally formed on the second electrode 190. The capping layer 170 can be formed to cover the second electrode 190. An encapsulation unit 300 can be on the capping layer 170. The encapsulation unit 300 can be on the light emitting device to protect the light emitting device from moisture or oxygen. The encapsulation unit 300 can be understood by referring to the description of the encapsulation layer provided herein.

[0258] Manufacturing method

[0259] The layer constituting the hole transport zone, the emission layer, and the layer constituting the electron transport zone can be formed in the specific zone by using one or more appropriate methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition, inkjet printing, laser printing, and laser-induced thermal imaging.

[0260] When the layer constituting the hole transport zone, the emission layer, and the layer constituting the electron transport zone are each formed by vacuum deposition, vacuum deposition can be performed at a deposition temperature in the range of about 100°C to about 500°C, a vacuum degree in the range of about 10 -8 tor to about 10 -3 tor, and a deposition rate in the range of about tor to about 10 tor, and a deposition rate in the range of about

[0261] When the layer constituting the hole transport zone, the emission layer, and the layer constituting the electron transport zone are each formed by spin coating, spin coating can be performed at a coating rate in the range of about 2,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) to about 5,000 rpm and a heat treatment temperature in the range of about 80°C to about 200°C depending on the material to be included in each layer and the structure of each layer to be formed.

[0262] General definitions of substituents

[0263] The term "intermediate layer" as used herein refers to a single layer and / or multiple layers between the first electrode and the second electrode in the light emitting device. The material included in the "intermediate layer" can be an organic material, an inorganic material, or any combination thereof.

[0264] The term "cyclic group containing a π-electron depleted nitrogen" as used herein refers to a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group having at least one *-N=* portion as a ring-forming portion.

[0265] The term "C1-C 60"Alkyl" refers to a monovalent group of a straight-chain or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, tert-pentyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, 3-pentyl, sec-isopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, sec-hexyl, tert-hexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, sec-heptyl, tert-heptyl, n-octyl, isooctyl, sec-octyl, tert-octyl, n-nonyl, isononyl, sec-nonyl, tert-nonyl, n-decyl, isodel, sec-decyl, and tert-decyl. The term "C1-C" as used herein is also relevant. 60 "alkylene" refers to a compound with a structure corresponding to C1-C2. 60 Alkyl groups are divalent groups.

[0266] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" 60 "Alkenyl" refers to the group formed at C2-C. 60 An alkyl group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond at its middle or end. Examples include vinyl, propenyl, and butenyl groups. As used herein, the term "C2-C" is used... 60 "Ideinyl" refers to a group that has a C2-C ratio corresponding to the group. 60 The divalent group in the alkenyl structure.

[0267] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" 60 "Alkyne group" refers to the group at C2-C 60 An alkyl group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond at its middle or end. Examples include ethynyl and propynyl groups. As used herein, the term "C2-C" is used... 60 "Immyne group" refers to a group with a radical corresponding to C2-C. 60 The alkynyl group is a divalent group.

[0268] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Alkoxy" refers to the compound formed by -OA 101 (where A) 101 For C1-C 60 Alkyl groups are monovalent groups. Examples include methoxy, ethoxy, and isopropoxy.

[0269] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 10 "Cycloalkyl" refers to a monocyclic cyclic group consisting of 3 to 10 carbon atoms in a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon. For example, the C3-C group used in this article... 10 Examples of cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, norbornel, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl, or bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl. As used herein, the term "C3-C" is used in conjunction with these terms. 10 "Cycloalkylene" refers to a compound with a structure corresponding to C3-C4. 10 A divalent group in a cycloalkyl structure.

[0270] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10 "Heterocyclic alkyl" refers to a monovalent cyclic group comprising a heteroatom (e.g., N, O, Si, P, S, or any combination thereof) as a cyclic atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples include 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, and tetrahydrothiophenyl. The term "C1-C" is used as is herein. 10 "Heterocyclic alkyl" refers to a compound having a structure corresponding to C1-C2. 10 A divalent group in the structure of a heterocyclic alkyl group.

[0271] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 10 "Cycloalkenyl" refers to a monovalent cyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring, and is not an aromatic group. Examples include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, and cycloheptenyl. As used herein, the term "C3-C" is also relevant. 10 "Biopylidene alkenyl" refers to a group that has a structure corresponding to C3-C4. 10 A divalent group in the cycloalkenyl structure.

[0272] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10 "Heterocyclic alkenyl" refers to a monovalent cyclic group that includes a heteroatom (e.g., N, O, Si, P, S, or any combination thereof) as a cyclic atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one double bond in its ring. C1-C 10 Examples of heterocyclic alkenyl groups include 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl, 2,3-dihydrofuranyl, and 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl. As used herein, the term "C1-C..." 10 "Heterocyclic alkenyl" refers to a group having a structure corresponding to C1-C2. 10 A divalent group in the structure of a heterocyclic alkyl group.

[0273] As used in this article, the term "C6-C" 60 "Aryl" refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system containing 6 to 60 carbon atoms. As used herein, the term "C6-C" is also relevant. 60 "Aryl" refers to a divalent group with a structure corresponding to 6 to 60 carbon atoms. (C6-C) 60 Examples of aryl groups include phenyl, pentanenyl, naphthyl, azulel, indole, acenaphthel, phenanthyl, anthrayl, fluoranthyl, benzo[phenanthryl], pyrene, trefyl, perylene, pentanenyl, heptanenyl, tetraphenyl, styrene, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, rubidyl, keratyl, and ovoleyl. When C6-C 60 Aryl and C6-C 60 When each of the aryl groups independently comprises two or more rings, the corresponding rings can fused together.

[0274] As used in this article, the term "C1-C"60 Heteroaryl” refers to a monovalent radical of a heterocyclic aromatic system having heteroatoms (e.g., N, O, Si, P, S, or any combination thereof) as ring-forming atoms and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C1-C 60 Heteroarylene” refers to a divalent radical of a heterocyclic aromatic system having heteroatoms (e.g., N, O, Si, P, S, or any combination thereof) as ring-forming atoms and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. C1-C 60 Examples of heteroaryl groups include pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phthalazinyl, and naphthyridinyl. When C1-C 60 Heteroaryl and C1-C 60 When heteroarylene groups each independently include two or more rings, the respective rings can be fused.

[0275] The term “C6-C 60 Aryloxy” is represented by -OA 102 (wherein A 102 is C6-C 60 aryl). The term “C6-C 60 Arylthio” is represented by -SA 103 (wherein A 103 is C6-C 60 aryl).

[0276] The term “monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent radical having two or more fused rings and only carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms (e.g., 8 to 60 carbon atoms), wherein the overall molecular structure is non-aromatic. Examples of monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups include indenyl, fluorenyl, spiro-bifluorenyl, benzo-fluorenyl, indenophenanthryl, and indenanthracenyl. The term “divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent radical corresponding to the structure of a monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group.

[0277] The term "monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group having two or more fused rings and having, in addition to carbon atoms, heteroatoms (N, O, Si, P, S, or any combination thereof) as ring-forming atoms, wherein the entire molecular structure is non-aromatic throughout the molecular structure. Examples of monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic groups include pyrrolyl, thienyl, furanyl, indolyl, benzoindolyl, naphthoindolyl, isoindolyl, benzoisoindolyl, naphthoisoindolyl, benzosilolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, carbazolyl, dibenzosilolyl, dibenzothienyl, dibenzofuranyl, azacarbazolyl, azaflorenyl, azadibenzosilolyl, azadibenzothienyl, azadibenzofuranyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazotriazinyl, imidazopyrazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, indenocarbazolyl, indolocarbazolyl, benzofuranocarbazolyl, benzothienocarbazolyl, benzosilolocarbazolyl, benzoindolocarbazolyl, benzo carbazolyl, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzonaphthothienyl, benzonaphthosilolyl, benzofuranodibenzofuranyl, benzofuranodibenzothienyl, and benzothienodibenzothienyl. The term "divalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group" as used herein refers to a divalent group corresponding to the structure of a monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group.

[0278] The term "C5-C 60 carbon ring group" refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic group having only 5 to 60 carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms. Examples of C5-C 60 carbon ring group" refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic group having only 5 to 60 carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms. Examples of C5-C 60 carbon ring group" refers to a compound (e.g., phenyl), a monovalent group (e.g., phenyl), or a divalent group (e.g., phenylene). Also, depending on the number of substituents attached to the C5-C 60 carbon ring group" refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic group having only 5 to 60 carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms. Examples of C5-C 60 carbon ring group" refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic group having only 5 to 60 carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms. Examples of C5-C

[0279] The term "C5-C 60 Examples of C5-C

[0280] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 A "heterocyclic group" refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic group comprising 1 to 60 carbon atoms and heteroatoms (e.g., N, O, Si, P, S, or any combination thereof) that serve as cyclic atoms in addition to carbon atoms. C1-C 60 The heterocyclic group can be an aromatic heterocyclic group or a non-aromatic heterocyclic group. As used herein, the term "C1-C..." 60 "Heterocyclic group" refers to a compound (e.g., pyridyl), a monovalent group (e.g., pyridyl), or a divalent group (e.g., pyridylene). Furthermore, it depends on the group attached to C1-C. 60 The number of substituents in the heterocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups can be trivalent or tetravalent.

[0281] C1-C 60 Examples of heterocyclic groups include pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthinyl, pyrroleyl, thiopheneyl, furanyl, indoleyl, benzoindoleyl, naphthoindoleyl, isoindoleyl, benzoisoindoleyl, naphthoisoindoleyl, benzosiloxanediyl, benzothiopheneyl, benzofuranyl, carbazoleyl, dibenzosiloxanediyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, dibenzofuranyl, azacarbazoleyl, azafluorenyl, azadibenzosiloxanediyl, azadibenzothiopheneyl, azadibenzofuranyl, pyrazolyl Imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzooxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzooxadiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazotriazinyl, imidazopyrazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, indolecarbazolyl, indolecarbazolyl, benzofurancarbazolyl, benzothiophenecarbazolyl, benzosilicyclopentadienylcarbazolyl, benzoindolecarbazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, benzonaphthiophene, benzonaphthiophene, benzofurandibenzofuranyl, benzofurandibenzothiophene, and benzothiophene dibenzothiophene.

[0282] Replacement C5-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, substituted C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, substituted C1-C 60 Alkylene, substituted C2-C 60 alkenyl, substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkylene, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, substituted C3-C 10Cycloalkenylene, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkenylene, substituted C6-C 60 Arylene, substituted C1-C 60 Heteroarylene, substituted bivalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic radical, substituted bivalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic radical, substituted C1-C 60 Alkyl, substituted C2-C 60 Alkenyl, substituted C2-C 60 Alkynyl, substituted C1-C 60 Alkoxy, substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkyl, substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl, substituted C6-C 60 Aryl, substituted C6-C 60 Aryloxy, substituted C6-C 60 Arylthio, substituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl, substituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic radical and substituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic radical can be:

[0283] Deuterium (-D), -F, -CI, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro;

[0284] C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 Alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkynyl or C1-C 60 Alkoxy: deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C6-C 60 Aryloxy, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic radical, monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic radical, -Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 ), -N(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), -B(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), -C(=O)(Q 11 ), -S(=O)2(Q 11) and -P(=O)(Q 11 ) and -P(=O)(Q 12 ) ;

[0285] each, independently, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C6-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60 aralkyl, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, a monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group: deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C6-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60 aralkyl, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, a monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 ), -N(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), -B(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), -C(=O)(Q 21 ), -S(=O)2(Q 21 ), and -P(=O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ) ;

[0286] -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), -N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -C(=O)(Q 31 ), -S(=O)2(Q 31 ), or -P(=O)(Q31 )(Q 32 ) or any combination thereof.

[0287] As used herein, Q1to Q3, Q 11 to Q 13 , Q 21 to Q 23 , Q 31 to Q 33 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, a monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, or a terphenyl group.

[0288] As used herein, “Ph” means phenyl, “Me” means methyl, “Et” means ethyl, “t-Bu”, “Bu”, “ter-Bu”, or “Bu t ” means tert-butyl, and “OMe” means methoxy.

[0289] The term “biphenyl” as used herein refers to a phenyl group substituted with at least one phenyl group. “Biphenyl” belongs to “substituted phenyl” having “C6-C 60 aryl” as a substituent.

[0290] The term “terphenyl” as used herein refers to a phenyl group substituted with at least one phenyl group. “Terphenyl” belongs to “substituted phenyl” having “C6-C 60 aryl” as a substituent. 60 aryl” as a substituent.

[0291] The terms “hydrogen” and “deuterium” refer to their respective atoms and radicals, and the terms “-F, -CI, -Br, and -I” are radicals of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, respectively.

[0292] As used herein, the term “atom” can mean an element or its respective radical bound to one or more other atoms.

[0293] As used herein, substituents of monovalent groups (e.g., alkyl) can also be independently the substituents of the corresponding divalent groups (e.g., alkylene).

[0294] Hereinafter, the light emitting device according to some exemplary embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to examples.

[0295] Examples

[0296] Example 1

[0297] An anode (ITO) was patterned onto a substrate according to the first, second, and third sub-pixels, and a pixel insulating film was formed on the edge portion.

[0298] HAT-CN known in the art was vacuum-deposited on the exposed anode to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 10 nm. TAPC as a hole transport compound was then vacuum-deposited to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 40 nm.

[0299] N,N'-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TPD) was formed on the hole transport layer of the first sub-pixel as a first auxiliary layer having a thickness of 20 nm.

[0300] Compound Alq3 and Ir(phq)3 were co-deposited on the first auxiliary layer in a weight ratio of 97:3 to form a red emission layer having a thickness of 30 nm. (N,N'-Di(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (NPB) was deposited on the hole transport layer of the second sub-pixel to form a second auxiliary layer having a thickness of 20 nm.

[0301] Compound Alq3 and Ir(3',5',4-mppy)2tmd were co-deposited on the second auxiliary layer in a weight ratio of 90:10 to form a green emission layer having a thickness of 30 nm. Compound 4,4'-Bis(2,2-diphenylvinyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (DPVBi) and perylene were co-deposited on the hole transport layer of the third sub-pixel in a weight ratio of 99:1 to form a blue emission layer having a thickness of 30 nm. 2,2',2"-(1,3,5-benzene triyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole) (TPBi) was deposited on the emission layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 30 nm.

[0302] LiF was deposited on the electron transport layer to form a cathode having a thickness of 10 nm. ​​​​an electron injection layer, and Al was deposited on the electron injection layer to a thickness of 100 nm to form a cathode, thereby completing the manufacture of the light-emitting device.

[0303]

[0304] Comparative Example 1

[0305] A light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially the same manner as in Example 1, except that Ir(MDQ)2(acac) was used instead of Ir(phq)3 in forming the red emission layer, and Ir(ppy)3 was used instead of Ir(3',5',4-mppy)2tmd in forming the green emission layer.

[0306]

[0307] Ir(MDQ)2(acac)

[0308]

[0309] Ir(ppy)3

[0310] Measurement of the ratio of the horizontal dipole moment of the dopant

[0311] The ratio of the horizontal dipole moment of the green dopant and the red dopant in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was measured. The horizontal dipole moment was measured by measuring the component in the planar direction polarized by a polarization filter after laser light passed through the sample, by using an analyzer sold under the trade name LUXOL_OLED PL Analyzer by CoCoLink, a Korean technology company in Seoul, Korea. The detailed measurement method is known in the art, and thus is omitted herein.

[0312] The results are shown in Table 1.

[0313] Table 1

[0314]

[0315]

[0316] The "ratio" used in Table 1 refers to the ratio of the horizontal dipole moment of the dopant to the total dipole moment.

[0317] Color-coordinate variation measurement as a function of viewing angle

[0318] The color-coordinates of the light-emitting devices of Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 according to the viewing angle (from 0 degrees to 60 degrees) were measured, and the measured points were connected and displayed in Figure 2 and Figure 3 .

[0319] In​Figure 2 and Figure 3 In the graph of Figure 2 and Figure 3 the background lines each represent a minimum perceptible color difference (MPCD) line.

[0320] As shown in Figure 2 , as the viewing angle gradually increases, the color-coordinates change from red to blue to green, and the overall color-coordinate change moves in a direction different from the direction of the MPCD line. Accordingly, in the case of the light emitting apparatus of Figure 2 , the naked eye of a user observes a color change depending on the viewing angle change.

[0321] As shown in Figure 3 , as the viewing angle gradually increases, the color-coordinates change, however, the overall color-coordinate change moves in a direction identical to the direction of the MPCD line (the numbers 15, 30, 45, and 60 represent a viewing angle of 15, 30, 45, or 60, respectively). Accordingly, in the case of the light emitting apparatus of Figure 3 , significantly and unexpectedly, the naked eye of a user observes almost no color change depending on the viewing angle change.

[0322] In the light emitting apparatus constructed according to the principles and one or more exemplary embodiments, the color change depending on the viewing angle can not be observed by the naked eye of a user, thus allowing the user to identify the color viewed from the front as substantially identical to the color viewed from the side.

[0323] While certain example embodiments and implementations have been described herein, other embodiments and modifications will be apparent from this description. Accordingly, the inventive concept is not limited to such embodiments, but is limited only by the claims and various obvious modifications and equivalent arrangements as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this description.

Claims

1. A light-emitting device, comprising: First electrode; The second electrode facing the first electrode; as well as An intermediate layer, disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, includes an emission layer patterned into corresponding sub-pixels: a red emission layer and a green emission layer. The red emission layer comprises a red dopant with a horizontal dipole moment, and the green emission layer comprises a green dopant with a horizontal dipole moment. The ratio of the horizontal dipole moment of the green dopant to the total dipole moment of the green dopant is greater than the ratio of the horizontal dipole moment of the red dopant to the total dipole moment of the green dopant, and The green dopant and the red dopant are each represented by formula 401: Formula 401 M(L 401 ) xc1 (L 402 ) xc2 In Equation 401, M is a transition metal; L 401 The ligands are represented by Equation 402, and xc1 is 1, 2, or 3, and when xc1 is an integer of 2 or greater, at least two L... 401 They are the same or different from each other; Formula 402 L 402 It is an organic ligand comprising a halogen group, a diketone group, a carboxylic acid group, a -C (=O) group, an isonitrile group, a -CN group, a phosphorus group, or any combination thereof, and xc2 is an integer from 0 to 4, and when xc2 is an integer of 2 or greater, at least two L 402 They are the same or different from each other; In Equation 402, X 401 and X 402 Each is either nitrogen or carbon, independent of the others; Ring A 401 And Ring A 402 Each is independent of the others as C5-C 60 Carbocyclic groups or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups; T 401 For single bonds, -O-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -N(Q)- 411 -, -N=, -C(Q) 411 (Q) 412 )-、-C(Q 411 )=C(Q 412 )-、 -C(Q 411 = or = C =; X 403 and X 404 Each is an independent chemical bond, O, S, N (Q) 413 ), B(Q) 413 ), P(Q 413 ), C(Q 413 (Q) 414 ) or Si(Q 413 (Q) 414 ); R 401 and R 402 Each is independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 20 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Arylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q 401 (Q) 402 (Q) 403 -N(Q) 401 (Q) 402 -B(Q) 401 (Q) 402 -C(=O)(Q) 401 -S(=O)2(Q) 401 ) or -P(=O)(Q 401 (Q) 402 ), Q 401 To Q 403 and Q 411 To Q 414 Each of these groups is independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic group, biphenyl or terphenyl; xc11 and xc12 are each independent integers from 0 to 10; When xc1 in equation 401 is 2 or greater, at least two L 401 Two rings A 401 T, optionally used as a linking group 402 Combined, or two rings A 402 T, optionally used as a linking group 403 Combine; and In Equation 402, * and *' each indicate the binding site with M in Equation 401.

2. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the horizontal dipole moment of the green dopant is in the range of 60% to 95% of the total dipole moment of the green dopant.

3. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the horizontal dipole moment of the red dopant is 80% or less of the total dipole moment of the red dopant.

4. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the red dopant and the green dopant is any one of the following compounds:

5. The light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the direction of movement according to the color-coordinate change of the viewing angle is the direction of the minimum perceptible color difference line.

6. The light-emitting device of claim 5, wherein the color-coordinate change movement is a movement within a viewing angle greater than 0 degrees to 60 degrees.

7. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the horizontal dipole moment of the red dopant is in the range of 60% to 80% of the total dipole moment of the red dopant.

8. The light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first electrode is an anode. The second electrode is a cathode, and The intermediate layer is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and includes emission layers patterned into corresponding sub-pixels: a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and / or a blue emission layer, and further includes: i) a hole transport region located between the first electrode and the emitter layer and comprising a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a buffer layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof; and ii) an electron transport region located between the emitter layer and the second electrode and comprising a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

9. A light-emitting device, comprising: First electrode; The second electrode facing the first electrode; as well as An intermediate layer, disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, includes an emission layer patterned into corresponding sub-pixels: a red emission layer and a green emission layer. The red emission layer comprises a red dopant with a horizontal dipole moment, and the green emission layer comprises a green dopant with a horizontal dipole moment. The ratio of the horizontal dipole moment of the green dopant to the total dipole moment of the green dopant is greater than the ratio of the horizontal dipole moment of the red dopant to the total dipole moment of the green dopant, and The green dopant and the red dopant are each one of the following compounds:

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