Rail vehicle and method for producing a rail vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a rail vehicle and a method for manufacturing a rail vehicle, the rail vehicle comprising at least one high-voltage electrical component and at least one insulating element (7, 9), wherein the at least one high-voltage electrical component is arranged in a shell, and the at least one insulating element (7, 9) is arranged between the high-voltage electrical component and the bottom surface of the shell, or wherein the at least one high-voltage electrical component is arranged on a vehicle roof, and the at least one insulating element (7, 9) is arranged between the high-voltage electrical component and the top surface (4) of the vehicle roof, wherein the insulating element (7, 9) is a solid insulating element having semiconductor properties.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a rail vehicle and a method for producing a rail vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Railway vehicles such as all-rail vehicles (Vollbahn) have high-voltage electrical components, the selection and arrangement of which are basically carried out by the voltage system used, such as AC 25 / 15kV voltage system or DC 1500 / 3000V voltage system. Such high-voltage electrical components can be, for example, pantographs that tap voltage from high-voltage power lines.

[0003] Components for the voltage system are usually arranged on the roof of the rail vehicle, which is considered a closed operating space in terms of electrical safety. Access to the roof area for maintenance work requires disconnection and grounding of the vehicle's high-voltage electrical equipment and contact wires.

[0004] There are technical solutions in which the high-voltage electrical components are housed in containers which can also be arranged in the interior of the vehicle, for example in the floor area. The roof area and the containers are mostly made of aluminum or steel and are integrated into the protective grounding of the entire rail vehicle. Insulation with respect to the ground potential is provided by a combination of solid insulation, for example for rear insulators (Stützisolator), power switches and current and voltage sensors and the air surrounding them. The necessary design of the creepage paths (Kriechstecken) along the solid insulation and the air gap between the high voltage and the ground potential is called insulation coordination and is implemented in accordance with technical regulations (for example standard EN 50124-1).

[0005] An electrical flashover (überschlag) between a metal conductor under high voltage and a grounded metal conductor can cause an arc, which generates a lot of heat. This can lead to damage to components and roof structures of rail vehicles. For example, holes in the roof structure can melt, and fire and smoke can penetrate into the interior space. Electrical flashovers can be caused, for example, by birds, but also by objects or other creatures that partially or completely bridge the air gap between the high-voltage wire and the grounded roof. This includes, for example, overhead wires that are under voltage and are hanging down in a damaged manner, branches or branches of trees or small mammals. Overvoltage events can also lead to failure of the air gap and to the ignition of an arc.

[0006] This can be particularly problematic in the vicinity of a junkyard and many vehicles parked in open fields under voltage, where numerous short circuits can occur due to birds on the roofs of the vehicles touching components under voltage.

[0007] It may also happen that the protective device of the rail vehicle does not detect a short circuit, in which case the nearest transformer substation is switched off, so that all vehicles in the corresponding network section are at least temporarily affected, ie, in addition to the directly affected vehicles, there are operating restrictions.

[0008] The technical problem is to create a rail vehicle and a method for producing a rail vehicle which overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages and in particular improve the electrical operating safety of the rail vehicle, in particular improve the insulation of high-voltage electrical components of the rail vehicle. Summary of the invention

[0009] The solution to this technical problem is obtained by the subject matter having the characteristics of the present invention. Other advantageous configurations of the present invention are obtained from the technical solution of the present invention.

[0010] A rail vehicle is provided. The rail vehicle can be a full rail vehicle or a part of a full rail vehicle in particular. The rail vehicle comprises at least one high-voltage component. A high-voltage component is a component or element of the rail vehicle which is or can be subjected to a high voltage, for example, an AC voltage with an amplitude of 15 kV or 25 kV or a DC voltage of 3 kV when the rail vehicle is operating in accordance with regulations.

[0011] Exemplary high-voltage electrical components are current collectors, inverters or parts thereof, such as power switching elements (eg IGBTs), high-voltage lines (eg busbars), surge protectors, circuit breakers and transformers or parts thereof.

[0012] The rail vehicle further comprises at least one insulating element for electrical insulation. Furthermore, the at least one high-voltage electrical component is arranged in a housing, which can also be referred to as a container, and the at least one insulating element is arranged between the high-voltage electrical component and the bottom surface of the housing. The housing can be arranged on the top surface of the roof. However, it is also conceivable that the housing is arranged at other locations in the rail vehicle, for example in the bottom surface.

[0013] Alternatively, at least one high-voltage electrical component is arranged on the vehicle roof, and at least one insulating element is arranged between the high-voltage electrical component and the upper surface of the vehicle roof.

[0014] Here, the insulating element can be arranged above the bottom / top surface in a vertical direction, wherein the vertical direction is parallel to the direction of gravity and opposite to the direction of gravity. Here, an air gap can exist between the insulating element and the high-voltage electrical component. In other words, air is arranged between the insulating element and the high-voltage electrical component.

[0015] According to the invention, the insulating element is a solid insulating element with semiconductor properties. This may mean that the electrical conductivity of the insulating element is between the electrical conductivity of an electrical conductor and the electrical conductivity of a non-electrical conductor, i.e., for example, -8 S / cm (inclusive) to 10 4 S / cm (inclusive) range.

[0016] A solid insulation element is an element which has the mentioned electrical conductivity in the solid aggregate state, in particular in the expected operating temperature range of the rail vehicle, for example in the temperature range of -20° C. to +50° C. In this case, the solid insulation element can be elastically or plastically deformable, but is preferably elastically deformable. In this case, the solid insulation element can be amorphous or crystalline.

[0017] Since the insulating element is designed as a solid insulating element with semiconductor properties, an increased electrical operating safety of the rail vehicle is advantageously achieved. In particular, by using the proposed insulating material, accumulated surface charges, which could accumulate on / in the insulating element due to a short circuit or an arc when the air path between the high-voltage electrical component and the insulating element is bridged, can be reduced in a reliable manner.

[0018] In this case, these surface charges can be conducted away from the insulating element via another element electrically connected to the insulating element, for example via a conductive area of ​​the bottom / top surface. This advantageously results in that corrosion of the insulating element due to discharge sparks, in particular in the edge region, is reduced or completely avoided.

[0019] It is therefore known that in conventional solid insulation components with non-conductive properties, the accumulated surface charges described above accumulate in edge regions, in particular when the surface of the solid insulation component is contaminated and / or moist. In these edge regions, the discharge sparks can then occur with the associated corrosion, resulting in destruction of the solid insulation material and the associated reduction in operational safety and service life. This is advantageously avoided with the proposed solid insulation component with semiconducting properties.

[0020] Furthermore, it is advantageously achieved that the non-bridged region between the high-voltage component and the insulating element is less stressed by the alternating voltage than with a solid insulating element having non-conductive properties. In the case of a solid insulating element having non-conductive properties, this stress is caused by the fact that charge carriers accumulate over the entire surface of the insulating element and therefore not only in the edge region, wherein when the polarity of the voltage conducted by the high-voltage component changes, discharge sparks may be generated in the air path above and below the solid insulating element, accompanied by the above-mentioned corrosion.

[0021] Furthermore, it is advantageously achieved that improved protection of living creatures such as birds and small mammals located on the top / bottom surface is achieved, in particular because the risk of the occurrence of discharge sparks explained above is reduced.

[0022] Furthermore, the conductivity of the insulating element can be selected such that the current intensity of the drop current (Absorber) caused by the reduction in the surface charge is less than a predetermined threshold value, for example less than 2 mA. This advantageously results in a further improvement in operational safety, in particular because living creatures such as birds, when they are located on the insulating element and could bridge the air path between the high-voltage component and the insulating element, are not endangered by excessively high current intensities of the leakage current.

[0023] In another embodiment, the insulating element bears against the bottom surface or the top surface, in particular in partial regions. This can mean that there is no air gap between the insulating element and the bottom surface or between the insulating element and the top surface. In particular, the surface of the bottom surface side or the top surface side of the insulating element can bear directly and flush against the bottom surface or the top surface. If the entire insulating element bears against the bottom surface or the top surface in this way, this can also be referred to as full-surface bearing.

[0024] By avoiding air gaps or inclusions in the air between the proposed solid insulation and the top or bottom surface, it is advantageously possible to reliably and quickly remove accumulated charge carriers from the insulation element via the top or bottom surface. For this purpose, as will be explained in more detail below, the surface can have a reference potential, in particular ground potential or zero potential, and be electrically connected to the insulation element.

[0025] Furthermore, by avoiding air gaps or inclusions in the air, the risk of partial discharges in the region of such air gaps or inclusions in the air and thus also the associated generation of discharge sparks and the resulting erosion can be reduced. This in turn advantageously leads to further improved operational safety and reliability of the solid insulation.

[0026] Alternatively, the insulating element rests on a conductive, in particular metallic, area of ​​the high-voltage electrical component. In other words, such an area can be at least partially, but preferably completely covered by the insulating element. The first insulating element can also rest on the bottom surface or the top surface, wherein the other insulating element rests on the conductive area of ​​the high-voltage electrical component.

[0027] As a result, the risk of arcing when bridging an air gap between a high-voltage electrical component, in particular an electrically conductive region, and the top or bottom surface or an insulating element resting thereon can be further reduced in an advantageous manner.

[0028] In another embodiment, the bottom surface or the top surface is electrically conductively connected to the insulating element at least in partial regions. It is therefore conceivable that the rail vehicle is painted in the region of the top surface or the housing in the region of the bottom surface, whereby an electrically insulating layer can be arranged on the top surface or the bottom surface. In this case, the aforementioned electrically conductive connection can be achieved by removing the paint from partial regions. However, it is also possible to arrange the insulating element directly on the conductive top surface or bottom surface or on its conductive partial regions.

[0029] This advantageously results in a reliable and rapid reduction in time of the accumulated charge carriers explained above, thereby further increasing the electrical operating safety of the rail vehicle.

[0030] In another embodiment, the bottom surface or the top surface has a reference potential. For example, the bottom surface or the top surface can be electrically connected to the reference potential. The reference potential can be, in particular, the ground potential or the zero potential of the rail vehicle. For example, the bottom surface or the top surface can be electrically connected to a grounded carriage of the rail vehicle or can consist of the carriage or a part thereof.

[0031] In another embodiment, the high-voltage electrical component is at least partially arranged in the insulating element in a common projection plane, which is oriented perpendicular to the normal of the bottom surface or the top surface. This can mean that the contour line of the high-voltage electrical component in the common projection plane is partially or completely arranged within the contour line of the insulating element. In addition, the minimum distance between the edge of the high-voltage electrical component and the edge of the insulating element in the common projection plane, in particular the distance along the lateral direction, is greater than a predetermined distance, in particular greater than zero. The edge can be formed by the contour of the high-voltage electrical component or the contour of the insulating element.

[0032] The transverse distance may refer to the distance along the longitudinal axis and / or the transverse axis of the rail vehicle. The longitudinal axis and / or the transverse axis may be oriented perpendicularly to the vertical direction described, and the vertical direction may be oriented parallel to the vertical axis of the rail vehicle. The longitudinal axis of the rail vehicle may be oriented perpendicularly to the two axes.

[0033] Intuitively, in this embodiment, the insulating element protrudes laterally beyond the high-voltage electrical component when viewed from above. This advantageously results in a further improvement in the operational safety of the rail vehicle, since the length of the creepage path of the current formed by the insulating element with semiconductor properties can be adequately matched to the desired insulation properties, such as those listed in the standard EN50124-1. Thus, in particular, the distances explained above can be adapted to such desired insulation properties.

[0034] In another embodiment, the insulating element is at least partially or completely composed of a solidified liquid material, liquid paste material or paste material. In this case, the liquid material, liquid paste material or paste material can be an insulating material, in particular an insulating material with semiconductor properties or a non-conductive insulating material. In the latter case, an additive material can be added to the liquid material, liquid paste material or paste material before solidification, which additive material determines the semiconductor properties of the resulting material composition.

[0035] Here, the liquid material may have a viscosity in the range of 1 Pa·second (inclusive) to 100 Pa·second (inclusive). The paste material may have a viscosity in the range of 10000 Pa·second (inclusive) to 1000000 Pa·second (inclusive). The liquid paste material may have a viscosity in the range of 100 Pa·second (inclusive) to 10000 Pa·second (inclusive).

[0036] For example, it is conceivable to form the insulation element by evaluating silicone rubber, wherein at least one further additive material is added to the silicone rubber before curing. For example, the additive material can consist of carbon black particles.

[0037] This advantageously results in that, on the one hand, the desired material properties of the solidified liquid or pasty material, such as temperature stability, incombustibility, elasticity and water-repellent properties, dirt-proofing properties and properties related to smoke protection, can be combined with the desired semiconductor properties. In addition, a good repairability of the correspondingly designed solid insulation element is advantageously obtained. It is also technically advantageous that the desired properties, in particular the desired semiconductor properties, can be produced in a simple manner by the described admixture of the additional material.

[0038] In another embodiment, the insulating element is designed as a mat or comprises a mat. This advantageously results in a simple production of the proposed insulating element, in particular because the mat can be easily pre-produced and can be easily arranged on the surface. In particular, due to the deformability of the mat-shaped body, such an insulating element can be easily arranged in the desired manner, in particular over the entire surface, on the top or bottom surface.

[0039] Alternatively, the insulating element having semiconducting properties can be of plate-shaped design or have plate-shaped sections.

[0040] In another embodiment, a conductive element is embedded in the insulating element, the conductive element being electrically connected to the bottom surface or the top surface.

[0041] Alternatively or additionally, the electrically conductive element can be electrically connected to the previously explained reference potential of the rail vehicle, for example to a grounded car body of the rail vehicle.

[0042] The conductive element can be, for example, a metal film or a metal grid. The conductive element can be electrically connected to the top or bottom surface and / or the reference potential at points or in different sections. In such an embodiment, the previously described arrangement of the insulating element on the bottom or top surface can be omitted.

[0043] If the conductive element is electrically connected to a reference potential, the proposed insulating element can also be arranged in an advantageous manner on a non-conductive top or bottom surface, for example if the outer shell of the rail vehicle consists of a non-conductive fiber composite material. This embodiment is also advantageous if no reliable electrical connection can be established between the proposed insulating element and the top or bottom surface.

[0044] In another embodiment, the solid insulating element described is arranged on the high-voltage electrical component, or another solid insulating element with semiconductor properties is additionally arranged. Here, the other solid insulating element can be expanded corresponding to the expansion aspects of the solid insulating element with semiconductor properties that have been described. In particular, the other solid insulating element can be arranged on the potential-conducting area of ​​the high-voltage electrical component, in particular on the metal area of ​​the high-voltage electrical component. As a result, the electrical operating safety is further improved because the risk of arcs or sparks is further reduced.

[0045] A method for manufacturing a rail vehicle is also proposed, wherein at least one high-voltage electrical component and at least one insulating element are provided, wherein the at least one high-voltage electrical component is arranged in a housing, and the at least one insulating element is arranged between the high-voltage electrical component and the bottom surface of the housing. Alternatively, at least one high-voltage electrical component is arranged on the roof, and the at least one insulating element is arranged between the high-voltage electrical component and the top surface of the roof.

[0046] According to the invention, the insulating element is provided as a solid insulating element having semiconductor properties.

[0047] In particular, a rail vehicle according to one of the embodiments described in the disclosure can be produced by this method. This advantageously results in a rail vehicle having the technical advantages already explained. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] The present invention is explained in more detail based on embodiments. The accompanying drawings show:

[0049] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a roof area of ​​a rail vehicle according to the prior art;

[0050] Figure 1a Shows Figure 1 Equivalent circuit of the roof area;

[0051] Figure 2A schematic diagram showing a roof region of a rail vehicle according to a first embodiment of the invention;

[0052] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a roof region of a rail vehicle according to a further specific embodiment of the invention is shown.

[0053] In the following, the same reference numerals are used to designate elements having the same or similar technical features. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a rail vehicle 1 according to the prior art is shown. The roof region of the rail vehicle 1 is shown, wherein a high-voltage line 2 is arranged on / above a top surface 4 and is fixed to the top surface 4 via an insulating element 3. A solid insulating element 5 with non-conductive properties is also shown, which is also arranged on the top surface 4 via a support 6. An air path dL between the high-voltage line 2 and the solid insulating element 5 is shown. It is also shown that there is an air gap dS between the solid insulating element 5 and the top surface 4. The thickness dF of the solid insulating element 5 is also shown. The length of the air path dL shown, the length of the air gap dS and the thickness dF of the solid insulating element 5 determine the insulation properties of the arrangement shown.

[0055] Therefore, the air path dL, the air gap dS and the solid insulating element 5 are shown in the equivalent circuit diagram (see Figure 1a ) forms a capacitor C L , C F , C S , the capacitance is related to the corresponding length or thickness and material properties of the solid insulating element.

[0056] The equivalent circuit diagram shows that a first air path capacitance C is formed by an air path dL between the high-voltage wire 2 and the solid insulating element 5. L The first air path voltage U L In the solid capacitor C formed by the solid insulating element 5 F The solid voltage U F The air gap capacitance C formed by the air gap dS between the solid insulating element 5 and the top surface 4 S Another air gap voltage U S The voltage U drops between the high-voltage wire 2 and the top surface 4. HV .

[0057] If the air path dL between the high-voltage line 2 and the solid insulating element 5 is bridged by a bird, for example, then in the equivalent circuit diagram the resistor formed by the bird and the first air path capacitance C L The solid insulating element 5 is reloaded with a voltage U HVThe potential of the solid insulation element 5 can overload the edge region of the solid insulation element 5 and lead to a voltage load on the air gap dS. Therefore, in the case of such bridging of the air path dL, spark discharges can occur on the solid insulation element 5, as a result of which the solid insulation element, especially in the edge region and on the bottom side facing the air gap dS, can corrode.

[0058] In the case where the high-voltage line 2 conducts an alternating voltage, the positive potential on the high-voltage line 2 determines that after a bridge caused, for example, by a bird or spark flashover, positive charge carriers will accumulate on the surface of the solid insulating element 5 facing the high-voltage line 2, especially if no charge carriers can flow away from the solid insulating element. In other words, the potential of the solid insulating element is maintained at a predetermined positive potential.

[0059] If the potential on the high-voltage line 2 then changes to a negative potential, a higher potential difference, in particular a potential difference that is twice as high, is obtained between the high-voltage line 2 with a negative potential and the solid insulation element 5 with the previously described positive potential in a disadvantageous manner compared to a situation where no charge carriers accumulate on the surface of the solid insulation element 5 (this situation applies, for example, to the situation where charge carriers can flow away from the solid insulation element 5). This high potential difference can lead to sparks between the high-voltage line 2 and the solid insulation element 5. The change in the potential on the high-voltage line 2 also leads to an additional air gap capacitance C S The air path dL and the air gap dS are continuously overloaded due to repeated reloading, whereby the solid insulation element 5 can be corroded.

[0060] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the roof region of a rail vehicle 1 according to the invention is shown. The high-voltage electrical line 2 is again shown, which is arranged on / above the top surface 4 via an insulating element 3. Also shown is an insulating element designed as a solid insulating element 7, which is arranged on the top surface 4 in a manner that it rests on the top surface. Figure 1 The embodiment shown differs in that the solid insulation element 7 has semiconductor properties. It is also shown that the top surface 4 is connected to the zero potential or ground potential of the rail vehicle 1. In addition, the solid insulation element 7 with semiconductor properties is also electrically connected to the top surface 4 and is therefore connected to the ground potential. As a result, in an advantageous manner, the charge carriers accumulated in the event of a flashover between the high-voltage line 2 and the solid insulation element 7 are conducted away toward the ground potential. This in turn reduces the spark formation already described and thus also reduces the corrosion of the solid insulation element 7, thereby improving the electrical operating safety of the rail vehicle.

[0061] The solid insulating element 7 shown can consist of an evaluated liquid material or a pasty material. It is also shown that the solid insulating element 7 is designed as a mat. Not shown, a conductive element such as a grid can be embedded in the mat, which conductive element can be connected to the top surface 4 of the rail vehicle 1 or to a carriage not shown, wherein the carriage can be a grounded carriage, that is, a carriage connected to ground potential.

[0062] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the roof region of a rail vehicle 1 according to another embodiment of the invention is shown. A pantograph 8 is shown, which is mounted on the top surface 4 of the rail vehicle 1 via an insulating element 3. A solid insulating element 7 with semiconductor properties is also shown, which is arranged directly on the top surface 4. Figure 3 In the embodiment shown in , it is shown that the pantograph 8 is arranged in the insulating element 7 in a common projection plane, which is oriented perpendicularly to the normal of the top surface 4. In other words, the insulating element 7 protrudes laterally beyond the insulator 3 and the pantograph 8. As a result, the distance between the edge of the pantograph 8 and the uninsulated top surface 4 is greater than a predetermined distance. As a result, the length of the creepage path of the current formed by the solid insulating element 7 can be adequately adapted to the desired insulation properties.

[0063] Also shown is another solid insulation element 9, which is arranged on the lower side of the frame 10 of the pantograph 8. Here, the other solid insulation element 9 is fixed to the frame 10 in a manner directly abutting against the lower side. Here, the frame 10 can be a conductive component of a high-voltage electrical component. The other solid insulation element 9 also has semiconductor properties. Therefore, with regard to the construction of the other solid insulation element 9, reference can be made to the explanations related to the solid insulation element 7 arranged on the top surface 4. As a result, a further improved electrical operating safety of the rail vehicle 1 is obtained in an advantageous manner.

[0064] Reference numerals list

[0065] 1 Rail vehicles

[0066] 2 High voltage wires

[0067] 3 Insulation

[0068] 4 Top surface

[0069] 5 Solid insulation elements

[0070] 6 feet

[0071] 7 Solid insulation elements

[0072] 8 Pantograph

[0073] 9 Another solid insulating element

[0074] 10 Framework

[0075] dF Thickness of solid insulation

[0076] dL Air path between high voltage wire and solid insulation element

[0077] dS Air gap between solid insulating element and top surface

[0078] C L Capacitance of air path

[0079] C S Capacitance of air gap

[0080] C F Capacitance of solid insulation

[0081] U L Voltage on the air path

[0082] U S Voltage across the air gap

[0083] U F Voltage on solid insulation

[0084] U HV High Voltage

Claims

1. A rail vehicle comprising at least one high-voltage electrical component and at least one insulating element (7, 9), in, The at least one high-voltage electrical component is arranged in a housing, and the at least one insulating element (7, 9) is arranged between the high-voltage electrical component and a bottom surface of the housing, or The at least one high-voltage electrical component is arranged on the roof, and the at least one insulating element (7, 9) is arranged between the high-voltage electrical component and the top surface (4) of the roof. The invention is characterized in that the insulating element (7, 9) is a solid insulating element with semiconductor properties, wherein the insulating element (7, 9) is attached to the bottom surface or the top surface (4), or to the conductive area of ​​the high-voltage electrical component.

2. The rail vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that The bottom surface or the top surface (4) is electrically conductively connected to the insulating element (7) at least in a partial region.

3. The rail vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that The bottom surface or the top surface (4) has a reference potential.

4. The rail vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The high-voltage component is at least partially arranged in the insulating element (7) in a common projection plane, which is oriented perpendicularly to the normal of the bottom surface or the top surface, wherein the minimum distance between the edge of the high-voltage component and the edge of the insulating element is greater than a predetermined distance.

5. The rail vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The insulating element (7) is at least partially composed of a solidified liquid material, a liquid pasty material or a pasty material.

6. The rail vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The insulating element (7) is designed as a mat or comprises a mat.

7. The rail vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that An electrically conductive element is embedded in the insulating element (7), the electrically conductive element being electrically connected to the bottom surface or the top surface (4) and / or to a reference potential of the rail vehicle (1).

8. The rail vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The solid insulation element (7) or, in addition, another solid insulation element (9) having semiconductor properties is arranged on the high-voltage electrical component.

9. A method for producing a rail vehicle (1), wherein: providing at least one high voltage electrical component and at least one insulating element (7, 9), wherein the at least one high-voltage electrical component is arranged in a housing, and the at least one insulating element (7, 9) is arranged between the high-voltage electrical component and the bottom surface of the housing, or The at least one high-voltage electrical component is arranged on the roof, and the at least one insulating element (7, 9) is arranged between the high-voltage electrical component and the top surface (4) of the roof. It is characterized in that the insulating element (7, 9) is provided as a solid insulating element with semiconductor properties, wherein the insulating element (7, 9) is attached to the bottom surface or the top surface (4), or to the conductive area of ​​the high-voltage electrical component.

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