A continuously variable transmission

Abstract

The invention discloses a continuously variable transmission, including a first shaft system, a second shaft system and a transmission element. By specifically setting the elastic element and each component therein, the system life, transmission efficiency and other technical effects of the continuously variable transmission are greatly improved, so that the applicability of the continuously variable transmission is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of transmissions, and in particular to a continuously variable transmission. Background Art

[0002] The elastic element in the continuously variable transmission is a disc spring, which is mainly used for pressurization. The Chinese patent CN110878818A discloses a technical solution of using a disc spring as an elastic element, and the disc spring stiffness coefficient on the shaft with the speed regulating mechanism is set to be greater than the disc spring stiffness coefficient on the other shaft. However, such a technical solution will cause the axial pressure to be too large, which will lead to low efficiency and shortened system life. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a continuously variable transmission to solve the problems of the prior art.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A continuously variable transmission comprises a first shaft system, a second shaft system and a transmission element, wherein the first shaft system comprises a first shaft, a first fixed cone disc, a first movable cone disc, a first elastic element, a first limit element and a bearing of the first shaft system; the first fixed cone disc is either fixedly connected to the first shaft as a whole, or connected to the first shaft in a manner that cannot move axially and cannot rotate relatively (such as a key, a groove, etc.); the first movable cone disc is arranged coaxially with the conical surface of the first fixed cone disc, and the first movable cone disc is connected to the first shaft through a structure that can slide axially but cannot rotate relatively (such as a spline, a ball key, etc.); one end of the first movable cone disc is provided with the first elastic element for applying pressure, and the first elastic element The element is a pressurized elastic element, one end of which is connected to the first movable cone disc, and the other end is positioned on the first shaft through the first limiting element (such as a retaining ring or a nut); the inner diameter of the first elastic element is installed on the first movable cone disc or on the first shaft through a clearance fit; two bearings of the first shaft system are arranged at both ends of the first shaft, and the first shaft system is installed on the housing through the two bearings of the first shaft system; a transmission element is sandwiched between the first fixed cone disc and the first movable cone disc, and the transmission element (preferably a flexible transmission element, specifically a chain or a steel belt, etc.) transmits power to the second shaft system.

[0006] The second shaft system includes a second shaft, a second fixed cone disc, a second movable cone disc, a second elastic element, a second limiting element, a bearing of the second shaft system and a speed regulating mechanism; the second fixed cone disc is either fixedly connected to the second shaft to form an integral body, or connected to the second shaft in a manner that cannot move axially and cannot rotate relatively (such as a key, a groove, etc.); the second movable cone disc is connected to the second shaft by a structure that can slide axially but cannot rotate relatively (such as a spline, a ball key, etc.); the transmission element is sandwiched between the second fixed cone disc and the second movable cone disc to transmit power from the first shaft system, and the speed regulating mechanism includes a speed regulating nut and a speed regulating screw, the speed regulating nut is connected to the second movable cone disc through a bearing of the second shaft system, and the speed regulating screw is connected to the second shaft through another bearing of the second shaft system; or the speed regulating screw is connected to the second movable cone disc through a bearing of the second shaft system, and the speed regulating nut is connected to the second shaft through another bearing of the second shaft system; two bearings of the second shaft system are arranged at both ends of the second shaft, and the second shaft system is mounted on the housing through the two bearings of the second shaft system.

[0007] The second elastic element for reducing the speed regulating force is arranged between the second movable cone disc and the second shaft, one end of the second elastic element is arranged on one side of the second movable cone disc, and the other end is arranged on the second shaft, and the second elastic element is limited by a second limiting element (preferably a retaining ring or a nut); the first elastic element and the second elastic element have the following relationship: D1≥D2, d1≥d2, t1≥t2, wherein D1 represents the outer diameter of the first elastic element, D2 represents the outer diameter of the second elastic element, d1 represents the inner diameter of the first elastic element, d2 represents the inner diameter of the second elastic element, t1 represents the thickness of the first elastic element, and t2 represents the thickness of the second elastic element.

[0008] The stroke of the first movable cone disc and the second movable cone disc is H, the cone disc inclination angle of the first movable cone disc and the second movable cone disc is α, the center distance between the first axis and the second axis is a, the maximum working radius is R, the minimum working radius is r, and the height of the transmission element is h, which satisfies the formula: H≤(2a / 3-r)*2tan(α).

[0009] As an alternative, the second elastic element is not arranged between the second moving cone plate and the second shaft.

[0010] Preferably, the first elastic element is a disc spring, or the first elastic element and the second elastic element are both disc springs, wherein the disc spring material is steel, and the matrix element is Fe, calculated by mass percentage, and contains: 0.25%≤C≤1%, 0.1%≤Si≤3%, 0.4≤Mn≤1.5%, P≤0.05%, 0.1%≤Cr≤3%, Ni≤0.4%, Cu≤0.3%.

[0011] As an alternative, the speed regulating mechanism includes a high-speed cam, a low-speed cam and a steel ball, one end of the high-speed cam is mounted on the second shaft via a bearing, the other end of the high-speed cam is provided with a high-speed cam roller, and a steel ball is arranged in the roller; one end of the low-speed cam is mounted on the second moving cone through a bearing, the other end of the low-speed cam is provided with a low-speed cam roller, the low-speed cam roller and the steel ball in the high-speed cam roller are installed in contact, a large gear is mounted on the low-speed cam, a small gear is mounted on the high-speed cam, the large gear is meshed with a small speed regulating gear arranged on the speed regulating shaft, and the small gear is meshed with the large speed regulating gear arranged on the speed regulating shaft; the speed regulating shaft is directly connected to the speed regulating motor, or the speed regulating shaft is connected to the speed regulating motor through a reduction mechanism.

[0012] Alternatively, an anti-rotation limiting structure is provided between one of the high-speed cam and the low-speed cam of the speed regulating mechanism and the housing to prevent the rotation of the other cam, and the other cam is connected to the speed regulating motor via a reduction mechanism.

[0013] Preferably, the first elastic element is a disc spring, or the first elastic element and the second elastic element are both disc springs, and the disc spring is composed of no less than 3 disc springs, and the number of disc springs is an odd number.

[0014] The working range of the first elastic element is located in the linear section rather than the straight section in the relationship between the force value of the disc spring and the compression amount.

[0015] A wire ring is arranged between each disc spring.

[0016] Preferably, the first elastic element is a disc spring, or the first elastic element and the second elastic element are both disc springs, the disc spring is connected to the axial end of the first moving cone disc and / or the second moving cone disc, and is positioned in a groove on the shaft by two semicircular clamping rings, and when the disc spring is in a free state, the inner diameter of the disc spring is d, and the axial diameter of the first shaft or the second shaft is d0, satisfying the formula: d0+0.5≥d≥d0+0.02.

[0017] Preferably, a dynamic balancing block or a dynamic balancing hole is provided on the first shaft or the second shaft, and the dynamic balancing hole is provided on the outer cylindrical surface of the outer diameter of the corresponding first fixed cone disk, the second fixed cone disk and / or the first dynamic cone disk, the second dynamic cone disk.

[0018] Preferably, the transmission element is a flexible transmission element, specifically a steel belt or a chain, the maximum width of the steel belt or the chain is A0, the outer diameter of the first fixed cone disk, the second fixed cone disk or the first movable cone disk, the second movable cone disk is D0, the center distance between the first axis and the second axis is a, and the formula is satisfied: a / 3≥A0≥a / 10.

[0019] Preferably, an oil injection port is provided at the minimum radius of the cone disc surface facing the first movable cone disc and / or the second movable cone disc, wherein the inner diameter of the oil injection port is di, the center distance between the first axis and the second axis is a, and the formula is satisfied: a / 100≥di≥a / 300.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] By using one of the elastic elements for pressurization and the elastic element on the other axis for speed regulation, and reducing or canceling the disc spring force of the axis with the speed regulating screw, the maximum efficiency reaches 94%. In the existing common technical scheme, the maximum efficiency is 90%. By reasonably limiting the size relationship of the two elastic elements (preferably disc springs), the force of the disc spring used for pressurization on the first axis can independently meet the axial force required for the cone disk to transmit power, while the force of the speed regulating disc spring is much smaller than this requirement; and by limiting the size relationship between the two, the force of the pressurizing disc spring increases linearly with the increase of the compression amount, and the force of the speed regulating disc spring remains unchanged or decreases as much as possible when the compression amount increases. At the same time, the above settings make the simultaneous speed regulation faster, and the speed regulation time is increased from 8 seconds in the original scheme to 2 seconds in the current scheme. After the axial force is reduced, the system life is increased by 50% compared with the original scheme. At the same time, the bearings in the speed regulating mechanism can adopt unidirectional force bearings. Compared with the bidirectional force bearings of the earliest disc spring patent, the bearing positioning structure can be simpler, the number of parts can be reduced, the weight can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced.

[0022] By making specific settings for the disc spring material, its cycle life reaches 2 million times, while the cycle life of other conventional disc spring materials does not exceed 100,000 times.

[0023] By setting the speed regulating mechanism in a coordinated manner between a high-speed cam and a low-speed cam, a larger transmission ratio is achieved. At the same time, the transmission efficiency is 30-40% higher than that of a worm gear, and the efficiency of a worm gear is generally around 30-50%.

[0024] By setting the relationship between the movable cone disc stroke, cone disc inclination angle and cone disc size, the transmission ratio range can be maximized.

[0025] By setting the number of disc springs, the stroke and the axial clamping force can be guaranteed.

[0026] The number of disc springs is set within the range of the present invention to ensure the stroke and life of the disc springs, so that the structure can be the most compact while ensuring the axial pressure and stroke. If the disc springs are an odd number, the small diameter can be pressed on the shaft with a smaller diameter, and the large diameter can be pressed on the movable cone disk with a larger diameter, which can effectively support the movable cone disk. This can reduce the thickness of the movable cone disk, that is, reduce the system weight and size, and reduce the deformation of the movable cone disk, which can improve the system efficiency by 1.5-3%.

[0027] By properly setting the working range of the disc spring and selecting the linear section (the straight section is selected in the prior art), it will be more in line with the pressure requirements of the CVT. The maximum overload of the axial force does not exceed 1.5 times, and the maximum overload of the original solution is 4 times.

[0028] By properly setting the relationship between the inner diameter of the disc spring and the shaft diameter, the centering and dynamic balance after compression are ensured. The maximum vibration of the transmission is reduced by about 10g compared with the original scheme by using the formula of the present invention. By setting wire rings between the disc springs to position each other, centering and dynamic balance are also ensured. The maximum vibration of the transmission is reduced to 15g compared with 20g of the original scheme by using this structure.

[0029] By arranging a dynamic balancing block or a dynamic balancing hole on the shaft, and arranging the dynamic balancing hole on the outer cylindrical surface of the fixed cone or the dynamic cone, the maximum vibration of the transmission is reduced to 17g compared with the original scheme of 20g.

[0030] By setting the relationship between the maximum width A0 of the chain / belt and the center distance a, the structure can be more compact and more efficient while meeting the power transmission requirements. The axial distance using this formula can be 2a, and the maximum efficiency can be 94%; the axial distance of the solution not using this formula can be 3a, and the maximum efficiency is 90%.

[0031] By setting the oil outlet at the specific position where the movable cone is farthest from the fixed cone, and setting a specific formula for the size of the oil outlet, the lubrication effect of the oil outlet is best, and the service life can be significantly improved. The durability is verified by the enhanced test, and it is found that compared with the durability of the prior art (durability of the enhanced test) is less than 200 hours, the above-mentioned setting of the present invention can increase the durability (durability of the enhanced test) to about 600 hours after improvement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic structural diagram of a continuously variable transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a continuously variable transmission according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3It is a schematic structural diagram of a continuously variable transmission according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-speed cam or the low-speed cam of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of a side cross-sectional view of the disc spring of the present invention.

[0037] Among them, the numbers in the figure are: 1-first shaft, 2-first elastic element, 3-first limiting element, 4-transmission element, 5-first moving cone disk, 6-first fixed cone disk, 7-bearing of the first shaft system, 8-second moving cone disk, 9-second fixed cone disk, 10-second shaft, 11-speed regulating nut, 12-bearing of the second shaft system, 13-speed regulating screw, 14-second elastic element, 15-anti-rotation limiting structure, 16-bearing of the speed regulating shaft system, 17-speed regulating pinion, 18-speed regulating shaft, 19-speed regulating motor, 20-reduction mechanism, 21-housing, 22-speed regulating large gear, 23-small speed regulating gear, 24-large speed regulating gear, 25-low speed cam, 26-steel ball, 27-high speed cam, 28-raceway, D-disc spring outer diameter, d-disc spring inner diameter, t-disc spring thickness. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] Reference Figure 1It can be seen that the continuously variable transmission of this embodiment includes a first shaft system, a second shaft system, a speed regulating component and a transmission element. The first shaft system includes a first shaft, a first fixed cone disc, a first movable cone disc, a first elastic element, a first limiting element and a bearing of the first shaft system. The first fixed cone disc is connected to the first shaft by a key and a groove. The first movable cone disc is arranged coaxially with the conical surface of the first fixed cone disc and is connected to the first shaft by a key and a groove. One end of the first movable cone disc is provided with the first elastic element for pressurization, the first elastic element is a pressurization elastic element, one end of the pressurization elastic element is connected to the first movable cone disc, and the other end is positioned on the first shaft through a retaining ring as a first limiting element. The first elastic element is installed on the first shaft through a clearance fit. Two bearings of the first shaft system are provided at both ends of the first shaft, and the first shaft system is installed on the housing through the two bearings of the first shaft system. A transmission element is sandwiched between the first fixed cone disc and the first movable cone disc, and the transmission element is a chain, and the transmission element transmits power to the second shaft system.

[0042] The second shaft system includes a second shaft, a second fixed cone disc, a second movable cone disc, a second elastic element, a second limiting element, a bearing of the second shaft system and a speed regulating mechanism; the second fixed cone disc is fixedly connected with the second shaft to form an integral body; the second movable cone disc is connected with the second shaft through a spline; the transmission element is sandwiched between the second fixed cone disc and the second movable cone disc to transmit power from the first shaft system, and the speed regulating mechanism includes a speed regulating nut and a speed regulating screw, the speed regulating nut is connected with the second movable cone disc through the bearing of the second shaft system, and the speed regulating screw is connected with the second shaft through another bearing of the second shaft system; two bearings of the second shaft system are arranged at both ends of the second shaft, and the second shaft system is mounted on the housing through the bearings of the second shaft system.

[0043] The second elastic element for reducing the speed regulating force is arranged between the second movable cone disc and the second shaft, one end of the second elastic element is arranged on one side of the second movable cone disc, and the other end is arranged on the second shaft, and the second elastic element is limited by a retaining ring; the first elastic element and the second elastic element have the following relationship: D1≥D2, d1≥d2, t1≥t2, wherein D1 represents the outer diameter of the first elastic element, D2 represents the outer diameter of the second elastic element, d1 represents the inner diameter of the first elastic element, d2 represents the inner diameter of the second elastic element, t1 represents the thickness of the first elastic element, and t2 represents the thickness of the second elastic element (the specific dimensions of the disc spring are represented as follows Figure 5 In this embodiment, specifically, D1=145, D2=85, d1=50, d2=35, t1=5.3, and t2=2.2.

[0044] The stroke of the first movable cone disc and the second movable cone disc is H, the cone disc inclination angle of the first movable cone disc and the second movable cone disc is α, the center distance between the first axis and the second axis is a, the maximum working radius is R, the minimum working radius is r, and the height of the transmission element is h, which satisfies the formula: H≤(2a / 3-r)*2tan(α). In this embodiment, H=16, a=155, r=32, α=11°.

[0045] The first elastic element and the second elastic element are both disc springs, wherein the disc spring material of this embodiment is steel, and the matrix element is Fe, and contains: C: 0.48%, Si: 0.35%, Mn: 0.62%, P: 0.02%, Cr: 0.93%, Ni: 0.29%, Cu: 0.23% by mass percentage.

[0046] The disc spring is composed of no less than 3 disc springs, and the number of disc springs is an odd number; in this embodiment, there are 5 disc springs, and a wire ring is arranged between each disc spring.

[0047] The connection of the disc spring to the axial end of the first moving cone disk is positioned by clamping two semicircular clamping rings in the groove on the shaft. When the disc spring is in a free state, the inner diameter of the disc spring is d, and the shaft diameter of the first shaft or the second shaft is d0, satisfying the formula: d0+0.5≥d≥d0+0.02. In this embodiment, d=55 and d0=49.95.

[0048] The first shaft or the second shaft is provided with a dynamic balancing hole, and the dynamic balancing hole is provided on the outer cylindrical surface of the outer diameter of the corresponding first fixed cone disk, the second fixed cone disk and the first dynamic cone disk, the second dynamic cone disk.

[0049] The transmission element is a flexible transmission element, specifically a chain with a chain guide plate, the maximum width of the chain is A0, the cone diameters of the first fixed cone disk, the second fixed cone disk, the first movable cone disk, and the second movable cone disk are all D0, the center distance between the first axis and the second axis is a, and the formula is satisfied: a / 3≥A0≥a / 10. In this embodiment, a=155, A0=30.2.

[0050] An oil injection port is provided on the cone disk shaft at the farthest distance between the first movable cone disk and the first fixed cone disk, and on the cone disk shaft at the farthest distance between the second movable cone disk and the second fixed cone disk (this is provided in this embodiment, and an oil injection pipe may be provided separately in other embodiments), wherein the inner diameter of the oil injection port is di, and the center distance between the first axis and the second axis is a, satisfying the formula: a / 100≥di≥a / 300. Specifically, a=155 and di=1.2 in this embodiment.

[0051] Comparative Example 1

[0052] The other settings of this comparative example are the same as those of Example 1, except that the requirements of the formula D1≥D2, d1≥d2, t1≥t2 are not satisfied, specifically D1=130, D2=150, d1=45, d2=55, t1=4, t2=5.1. After a comparative test under the same conditions as Example 1, it was found that the speed regulation time of Example 1 was 2 seconds, while that of this comparative example was 8 seconds.

[0053] Comparative Example 2

[0054] The other settings of this comparative example are the same as those of Example 1, except that the number of disc springs in Example 1 is 5, while the number of disc springs in this comparative example is 6. After comparative tests under the same conditions, it was found that the system efficiency of Example 1 was improved by 1.5-3% compared with that of this comparative example.

[0055] Comparative Example 3

[0056] The other settings of this comparative example are the same as those of Example 1, except that the disc spring of the first axis of Example 1 is a pressurized disc spring and its working range is in the linear segment, while the pressurized disc spring of this comparative example is arranged on the second axis. After comparative tests under the same conditions, it is found that the maximum axial force overload of Example 1 does not exceed 1.5 times, while the maximum overload of this comparative example reaches 4 times.

[0057] Comparative Example 4

[0058] The other settings of this comparative example are the same as those of Example 1, except that wire rings are provided between the disc springs of Example 1, while wire rings are not provided between the disc springs of this comparative example. After comparative tests under the same conditions, it was found that the maximum vibration of the transmission of Example 1 was 15g, while the maximum vibration of the transmission of this comparative example was 20g.

[0059] Comparative Example 5

[0060] The other settings of this comparative example are the same as those of Example 1, except that Example 1 is provided with a dynamic balancing hole, while this comparative example is not provided with a dynamic balancing hole. After comparative tests under the same conditions, it was found that the maximum vibration of the transmission of Example 1 was 17g, while the maximum vibration of the transmission of this comparative example was 20g.

[0061] Comparative Example 6

[0062] The other configurations of this comparative example are the same as those of Example 1, except that the maximum width of the chain of Example 1 is A0 and the cone diameter is D0, satisfying the formula a / 3≥A0≥a / 10, while in this comparative example a=130, A0=40. After comparative tests under the same conditions, it is found that the axial distance of Example 1 can reach 2a, and the maximum efficiency can reach 94%, while the axial distance of this comparative example can reach 3a, and the maximum efficiency is 90%.

[0063] Comparative Example 7

[0064] The other settings of this comparative example are the same as those of Example 1, the difference being that Example 1 is provided with an oil injection port that satisfies its specific formula, while this comparative example is not provided with an oil injection port. After an ultra-high strength comparative test (an enhanced test of ultra-large torque and ultra-large speed) under the same conditions, it was found that the life of the continuously variable transmission device of Example 1 is 600 hours, while the life of the continuously variable transmission device of this comparative example is 200 hours.

[0065] Comparative Example 8

[0066] The other settings of this comparative example are the same as those of Example 1, except that the material element content of the disc spring is different from that of Example 1. Specifically, the matrix is ​​Fe, containing C: 0.23%, Si: 0.35%, Mn: 1.1%, P: 0.02%, Cr: 1.2%, Ti: 0.1%. After comparative tests under the same conditions, it was found that the cycle life was 100,000 times, while the cycle life of Example 1 was 2 million times.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] Reference Figure 2 It can be seen that the other components of this embodiment are arranged in the same manner as those of embodiment 1, except that the speed regulating mechanism includes a high-speed cam, a low-speed cam and a steel ball, one end of the high-speed cam is mounted on the second shaft through a bearing, the other end of the high-speed cam is provided with a high-speed cam roller, and the roller is provided with a steel ball; one end of the low-speed cam is mounted on the second movable cone through a bearing, and the other end of the low-speed cam is provided with a low-speed cam roller (such as Figure 4 As shown), the steel balls in the low-speed cam roller and the high-speed cam roller are installed in contact with each other, a large gear (speed regulating large gear) is installed on the low-speed cam, and a small gear (speed regulating small gear) is installed on the high-speed cam. The large gear is meshed with the small speed regulating gear arranged on the speed regulating shaft, and the small gear is meshed with the large speed regulating gear arranged on the speed regulating shaft; and they are connected to the speed regulating motor through a reduction mechanism.

[0069] Comparative Example 9

[0070] The other structures of this comparative example are arranged in the same manner as those of Example 2, except that the speed regulating mechanism adopts a worm gear. After comparative tests under the same conditions as Example 2, it is found that the transmission efficiency is 30-40% lower than that of Example 2. It is found that in order to achieve the same speed regulation requirements, the power of the speed regulating motor of Example 2 is 250w, while the power required for the speed regulating motor of this comparative example is 400w.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] Reference Figure 3 It can be seen that an anti-rotation limiting structure is provided between one of the high-speed cam and the low-speed cam of the speed regulating mechanism and the housing to prevent the rotation of the other cam, and the other cam is connected to the speed regulating motor via a reduction mechanism.

Claims

1. A continuously variable transmission, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first shaft system, a second shaft system and a transmission element, wherein the first shaft system comprises a first shaft, a first fixed cone disc, a first movable cone disc, a first elastic element, a first limiting element and a bearing of the first shaft system; the first fixed cone disc is either fixedly connected to the first shaft to form an integral body, or connected to the first shaft in a manner that it cannot move axially and cannot rotate relatively; the first movable cone disc is arranged coaxially with the conical surface of the first fixed cone disc, and the first movable cone disc is connected to the first shaft through a structure that can slide axially but cannot rotate relatively; the first elastic element for pressurizing is arranged at one end of the first movable cone disc, the first elastic element is a pressurizing elastic element, one end of the pressurizing elastic element is connected to the first movable cone disc, and the other end is positioned on the first shaft through the first limiting element; the inner diameter of the first elastic element is either installed on the first movable cone disc through a clearance fit, or installed on the first shaft through a clearance fit; two bearings of the first shaft system are arranged at both ends of the first shaft, the first shaft system is installed on the housing through the two bearings of the first shaft system, and a transmission element is sandwiched between the first fixed cone disc and the first movable cone disc, and the transmission element transmits power to the second shaft system; The second shaft system includes a second shaft, a second fixed cone disk, a second movable cone disk, a second elastic element, a second limiting element, a bearing of the second shaft system and a speed regulating mechanism; the second fixed cone disk is either fixedly connected to the second shaft to form an integral body, or connected to the second shaft in a manner that it cannot move axially and cannot rotate relatively; the second movable cone disk is connected to the second shaft through a structure that can slide axially but cannot rotate relatively; the transmission element is sandwiched between the second fixed cone disk and the second movable cone disk to transmit power from the first shaft system, and the speed regulating mechanism includes a speed regulating nut and a speed regulating screw, the speed regulating nut is connected to the second movable cone disk through a bearing of the second shaft system, and the speed regulating screw is connected to the second shaft through another bearing of the second shaft system; or the speed regulating screw is connected to the second movable cone disk through a bearing of the second shaft system, and the speed regulating nut is connected to the second shaft through another bearing of the second shaft system; two bearings of the second shaft system are arranged at both ends of the second shaft, and the second shaft system is mounted on the housing through the two bearings of the second shaft system; A second elastic element for reducing the speed regulating force is arranged between the second movable cone disc and the second shaft, one end of the second elastic element is arranged on one side of the second movable cone disc, and the other end is arranged on the second shaft, and the second elastic element is limited by a second limiting element; the first elastic element and the second elastic element have the following relationship: D1≥D2, d1≥d2, t1≥t2, wherein D1 represents the outer diameter of the first elastic element, D2 represents the outer diameter of the second elastic element, d1 represents the inner diameter of the first elastic element, d2 represents the inner diameter of the second elastic element, t1 represents the thickness of the first elastic element, and t2 represents the thickness of the second elastic element; The stroke of the first movable cone disc and the second movable cone disc is H, the cone disc inclination angle of the first movable cone disc and the second movable cone disc is α, the center distance between the first axis and the second axis is a, the maximum working radius is R, the minimum working radius is r, and the height of the transmission element is h, which satisfies the formula: H≤(2a / 3-r)*2tan(α); The first elastic element is a disc spring, or the first elastic element and the second elastic element are both disc springs, wherein the disc spring material is steel, and the matrix element is Fe, calculated by mass percentage, and contains: 0.25%≤C≤1%, 0.1%≤Si≤3%, 0.4≤Mn≤1.5%, P≤0.05%, 0.1%≤Cr≤3%, Ni≤0.4%, Cu≤0.3%.

2. The continuously variable transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: As an alternative, the second elastic element is not arranged between the second moving cone plate and the second shaft.

3. The continuously variable transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission element is a flexible transmission element; the second limiting element is a retaining ring or a nut.

4. The continuously variable transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: As an alternative, the speed regulating mechanism includes a high-speed cam, a low-speed cam and a steel ball, one end of the high-speed cam is mounted on the second shaft via a bearing, the other end of the high-speed cam is provided with a high-speed cam roller, and a steel ball is arranged in the roller; one end of the low-speed cam is mounted on the second moving cone through a bearing, the other end of the low-speed cam is provided with a low-speed cam roller, the low-speed cam roller and the steel ball in the high-speed cam roller are installed in contact, a large gear is mounted on the low-speed cam, a small gear is mounted on the high-speed cam, the large gear is meshed with a small speed regulating gear arranged on the speed regulating shaft, and the small gear is meshed with the large speed regulating gear arranged on the speed regulating shaft; the speed regulating shaft is directly connected to the speed regulating motor, or the speed regulating shaft is connected to the speed regulating motor through a reduction mechanism.

5. The continuously variable transmission according to claim 4, characterized in that: Alternatively, an anti-rotation limiting structure is provided between one of the high-speed cam and the low-speed cam of the speed regulating mechanism and the housing to prevent the rotation of the other cam, and the other cam is connected to the speed regulating motor via a reduction mechanism.

6. The continuously variable transmission according to claim 1, 4 or 5, characterized in that: The first elastic element is a disc spring, or the first elastic element and the second elastic element are both disc springs, and the disc spring is composed of no less than 3 disc springs, and the number of disc springs is an odd number; The working range of the first elastic element is located in the linear section rather than the straight section in the relationship between the force value of the disc spring and the compression amount; A wire ring is arranged between each disc spring.

7. The continuously variable transmission according to claim 1, 4 or 5, characterized in that: The first elastic element is a disc spring, or the first elastic element and the second elastic element are both disc springs. The disc spring is connected to the axial end of the first moving cone disc and / or the second moving cone disc, and is positioned in the groove on the shaft through two clamping rings. When the disc spring is in a free state, the inner diameter of the disc spring is d, and the axial diameter of the first shaft or the second shaft is d0, satisfying the formula: d0+0.5≥d≥d0+0.

02.

8. The continuously variable transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: A dynamic balancing block or a dynamic balancing hole is arranged on the first shaft or the second shaft, and the dynamic balancing hole is arranged on the outer cylindrical surface of the outer diameter of the corresponding first fixed cone disk, the second fixed cone disk and / or the first dynamic cone disk, the second dynamic cone disk.

9. The continuously variable transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission element is a flexible transmission element, specifically a steel belt or a chain, the maximum width of the steel belt or the chain is A0, the outer diameter of the first fixed cone disk, the second fixed cone disk or the first movable cone disk, the second movable cone disk is D0, the center distance between the first axis and the second axis is a, and the formula is satisfied: a / 3≥A0≥a / 10.

10. The continuously variable transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: An oil injection port is arranged at the minimum radius of the cone disk surface facing the first movable cone disk and / or the second movable cone disk, wherein the inner diameter of the oil injection port is di, the center distance between the first axis and the second axis is a, and the formula is satisfied: a / 100≥di≥a / 300.

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