Intelligent Battery Management System for Electric Passenger Vehicles Based on 5G-IoT High-Precision Temperature Sensors

Abstract

An intelligent battery management system for electric passenger vehicles based on a 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor and an array application of a high-precision temperature sensor with satellite timekeeping based on 5G Internet of Things, collaborating with the measurement, control, edge computing, and cloud computing of the terminal voltages and currents of each series-connected battery pack, jointly constitute an in-vehicle intelligent battery management system for electric passenger vehicles, preventing catastrophic accidents such as spontaneous combustion of the power battery system of electric passenger vehicles, extending the service life of the power batteries of electric passenger vehicles and the full-life cruising range of the power batteries, and improving the residual use value after the retirement of the power batteries.

Description

(1) Technical Field:

[0001] The intelligent battery management system for electric passenger vehicles based on 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensors of the present invention involves the array application of high-precision temperature sensors with satellite timekeeping based on 5G Internet of Things, collaborating with the measurement, control, edge computing, and cloud computing of the terminal voltages and currents of each series-connected battery pack, jointly constituting an in-vehicle intelligent battery management system for electric passenger vehicles, preventing catastrophic accidents such as spontaneous combustion of the power battery system of electric passenger vehicles, extending the service life of the power battery of electric passenger vehicles and the full-life cruising range of the power battery, and improving the residual use value after the retirement of the power battery. (2) Background Art:

[0002] The International Practical Temperature Scale is based on the specified values of the temperatures of some reproducible equilibrium states (defining fixed points), and the standard interpolation instruments graduated at these fixed points in the International Practical Temperature Scale. The 1968 International Practical Temperature Scale is divided into three temperature zones, and the temperature values in these temperature zones are defined by standard platinum resistance thermometers, standard platinum rhodium (10%)-platinum thermocouples, and Planck's radiation law respectively.

[0003] The core component of the existing quartz crystal thermometer is a resonant quartz crystal oscillator, whose working mechanism is different from that of traditional temperature sensors (such as platinum resistance thermometers and thermocouple thermometers). Its working mechanism is "resonance", not "resistance" or "electromotive force" generated by the thermal motion of molecules.

[0004] For the existing quartz crystal oscillator, its frequency-temperature characteristic is a cubic polynomial curve quite close to a straight line; a, b, and c are the coefficients of the first, second, and third polynomials respectively, which are related to the cutting type and vibration mode of the quartz wafer.

[0005] The existing quartz crystal thermometer has at least two quartz crystal oscillators. One is a reference quartz crystal oscillator at a temperature of 0°C, and the other is a sensor quartz crystal oscillator used to measure temperature. The measured temperature is obtained from the frequency difference between the two. To reduce the frequency drift of the reference quartz crystal oscillator, the reference quartz crystal oscillator is usually placed in a constant temperature box with precisely controlled temperature. Even so, there is still an unignorable reference frequency drift. The resolution of the existing quartz crystal thermometer can reach 0.001K - 0.0001K, but its accuracy can only reach 0.1K - 0.05K.

[0006] The existing "high-precision temperature sensor supporting NB-IoT" can realize the Internet industrial application of high-precision temperature measurement by means of the Internet of Things. However, it is relatively large in volume and has a large time delay, and cannot be arranged in an array in the limited space of electric passenger vehicles to monitor each power battery section and obtain a good low-delay experience.

[0007] In the prior art, the power battery system of electric passenger vehicles mostly uses dozens of single cells connected in parallel to form a battery pack, and then the battery packs are connected in series to form a power battery system; each battery pack is equipped with 3 or 4 temperature measurement points for sampling, and does not have the ability to collect the actual working temperature of each single cell.

[0008] For the power battery system with parallel connection first and then series connection, when the self-discharge current of a certain single power battery in the parallel battery pack increases abnormally, the temperature rises, and other batteries in the pack will discharge through this single cell, causing its temperature to rise further, forming a positive feedback process. When this single cell reaches the critical deflagration temperature, it becomes the "detonator" that detonates the battery pack; the power battery system of electric passenger vehicles in the prior art still cannot completely eliminate the technical problem of vehicle spontaneous combustion caused by internal battery short circuits.

[0009] For lithium-ion batteries, especially ternary lithium-ion batteries, battery units with relatively large internal resistance may be slightly overcharged or over-discharged during each charge and discharge; battery inconsistency causes the weakest battery to be the most severely affected in terms of losing active lithium ions or forming micro lithium dendrites each time, accelerating its aging process and the process of increasing its internal resistance. Usually, its self-discharge current and working temperature are also the highest; when a vehicle spontaneous combustion accident is caused by a battery short circuit, the BMS is often burned out at the same time, the accident investigation process is long, and there is a lack of real data support and persuasion.

[0010] GTO (Gate-Turn-Off Thyristor) is a thyristor with self-turn-off ability and thyristor characteristics. If a positive voltage is applied to the anode and a positive trigger current is applied to the gate, the GTO conducts. In the conducting state, if a large enough reverse trigger pulse current is applied to the gate, the GTO turns from conduction to blocking.

[0011] 5G-IoT (5G Internet of Things) is an Internet of Things technology based on cellular networks with extremely low latency.

[0012] A 5G router is a router with high bandwidth and low latency, sufficient to support thousands of Internet of Things sensors to access the 5G network in a manner with extremely low latency.

[0013] Edge computing is a mesh network of micro data centers. Combined with the 5G network, it can process or store key data locally and push all received data to the cloud data center or cloud repository. Edge computing can process and analyze data closer to the data source of generation, with lower latency.

[0014] BMS (Battery Management System)

[0015] System On a Chip (SOC) (III) Summary of the Invention:

[0016] Technical Problem to be Solved:

[0017] The power consumption of the existing "quartz crystal thermometer with GPS time service, which is an additional function of GPS navigation devices and GPS intelligent navigation mobile phones" and the "quartz crystal thermometer with Beidou time service, which is an additional function of Beidou navigation devices and Beidou intelligent navigation mobile phones" is relatively high, the standby time of smart phones is short, and they may not work properly at low and high ambient temperatures; for most applications of array clusters as temperature sensors in industrial and scientific research environments, the "quartz crystal thermometer with GPS time service, which is an additional function of GPS navigation devices and GPS intelligent navigation mobile phones" and the "quartz crystal thermometer with Beidou time service, which is an additional function of Beidou navigation devices and Beidou intelligent navigation mobile phones" have too much functional redundancy and too high a cost.

[0018] The existing "high-precision temperature sensor supporting NB-IoT" can realize Internet industrial applications with high-precision temperature measurement by means of the Internet of Things, but it is relatively large in size and has a large time delay, and cannot be arranged in an array manner in the limited space of electric passenger vehicles to monitor each battery cell and obtain a good low-delay experience.

[0019] The existing BMS with temperature monitoring function uses thermosensitive semiconductors, thermistors or infrared probes, which not only have low measurement accuracy, large zero drift and large time delay, but also need analog-to-digital conversion for large-scale data processing and data storage; the monitoring object of the existing BMS with temperature monitoring function is the "battery pack", and the "battery pack" may be composed of dozens of battery monomers in parallel packaging, but there are only 3 or 4 temperature measurement points, which obviously do not have the measurement and control ability for each battery monomer; the initial setting of the charge and discharge control threshold of the existing BMS with temperature monitoring function for lithium batteries cannot be changed, lacking a diagnosis of abnormal aging of single cells, and then a negative feedback mechanism for effectively controlling the accelerated aging of the weakest battery unit by dynamically changing the BMS control threshold, making it difficult to prevent catastrophic accidents such as spontaneous combustion of power batteries of electric passenger vehicles.

[0020] Technical Solution Adopted to Solve the Technical Problem:

[0021] The intelligent battery management system for electric passenger vehicles based on a 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor adopts a technical route completely different from the prior art: the vehicle power battery system is changed from "parallel first and then series" to "series first and then parallel"; a charging bus and a charging isolation GTO are used to effectively isolate the backflow between the series-connected power battery packs (22) in the charging state; a discharging bus and a discharging isolation GTO are used to effectively isolate the backflow between the series-connected power battery packs (22) in the discharging state; this also provides the necessary isolation conditions for accurately measuring the real-time working temperature of each individual power battery in real time, and clarifies that the working temperature of each individual power battery characterizes the internal resistance of the battery in the charging and discharging states, and characterizes the internal leakage current of the battery in the parked state; it provides a method to continuously collect high-precision temperature signals for each power battery during the driving, charging, and parked states of the electric passenger vehicle, and real-time monitor the temperature and the temperature change rate of each power battery through edge computing; real-time display the power batteries with over-temperature and over-temperature change rate; real-time limit the vehicle speed and / or cut off the series-connected power battery packs (22) that endanger safety; real-time limit the charging current and / or cut off the series-connected power battery packs (22) that endanger safety; early detect the individual power batteries with abnormal self-discharge and / or cut off the series-connected power battery packs (22) that endanger safety; timely alarm the vehicle owner, charging service personnel, and fire service personnel, and directly start the on-vehicle fire system and the parking lot fire system if necessary; before each charging, provide a recommendation report for improving the safety performance of each series-connected power battery pack (22), including but not limited to: a list of backward power batteries that endanger safety and need to be replaced to restore the working ability of the corresponding series-connected power battery pack (22); optimize the pairing composition of each series-connected power battery pack (22), and propose executable measures to bring the key parameters back within the threshold; evaluate the maximum cruising range at the economic vehicle speed, evaluate the life loss of each series-connected power battery pack (22), evaluate the maximum allowable vehicle speed, and evaluate the maximum allowable charging current value; the edge computing module is powered by a separate battery and has excellent fire and anti-collision capabilities, becoming an on-vehicle "black box"; it can also retrieve historical data stored in the cloud, manufacturer data, and historical data of the same model product and the same batch of vehicles, forming a good ecosystem for technological progress; the detailed and complete historical data of each power battery effectively improves the safety of retired power battery packs used as energy storage walls; it also improves the residual value of retired power battery packs.

[0022] The intelligent battery management system for electric passenger vehicles based on 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensors includes a cloud computing center (13), a 5G router (14), an in-vehicle touch display control screen (15), a current-voltage GTO status display control interface (16), an in-vehicle cooling system, an in-vehicle fire protection system, a site fire protection system, a charging pile control interface (17), a data exchange interface with the cloud computing center, the owner's mobile phone, and the maintenance center (18), an edge computing module (19), a charging isolation GTO (20), a discharging isolation GTO (21), a 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor group (23), an acceleration sensor (24), current sensors and voltage sensors of a series-connected power battery pack (22); the charging bus and the charging isolation GTO (20) are used to effectively isolate the backflows between the series-connected power battery packs (22) in the charging state; the discharging bus and the discharging isolation GTO (21) are used to effectively isolate the backflows between the series-connected power battery packs (22) in the discharging state; necessary isolation conditions are provided for accurately measuring and controlling the real-time working temperatures of each individual power battery, and it is clear that the working temperatures of each individual power battery represent the internal resistance of the battery in the charging and discharging states and the internal leakage current of the power battery in the parked state; in the driving state, charging state, and parked state in the garage of the electric passenger vehicle, each 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor group (23) continuously collects the temperature signals of the high-precision temperature sensors in close contact with each power battery, and all data is transmitted to the edge computing module (19) through the 5G router (14), and the temperatures of each power battery and the temperature change rate of each power battery are monitored in real time and graphically displayed through the in-vehicle touch display control screen (15); when the average temperature of the power batteries is higher than 20 °C, the in-vehicle cooling system is started through the in-vehicle cooling / heating system, the in-vehicle fire protection system, the site fire protection system, and the charging pile interface (17); when the average temperature of the power batteries is lower than 10 °C, the in-vehicle heating system is started; the power batteries with temperature overlimit and temperature change rate overlimit are displayed in real time through the in-vehicle touch display control screen (15); the edge computing module (19) limits the vehicle speed in real time and / or cuts off the series-connected power battery pack (22) endangering safety by controlling the discharging isolation GTO (21); the edge computing module (19) limits the charging current in real time and / or cuts off the series-connected power battery pack (22) endangering safety by controlling the charging isolation GTO (20); the edge computing module (19) discovers the battery with abnormal self-discharge and / or cuts off the series-connected power battery pack (22) endangering safety at an early stage, and at the same time alarms the owner, the charging service personnel, and the fire service personnel through the data exchange interface (18) with the cloud computing center, the owner's mobile phone, and the maintenance center, and directly starts the in-vehicle fire protection system and the parking lot fire protection system if necessary; when the electric passenger vehicle encounters a huge negative acceleration, the acceleration sensor (24) acts, and the edge computing module (19) can turn off all the discharging isolation GTOs (21) within 2 ms;By comparing with the historical charge and discharge data stored in the edge computing module (19), the life loss of the battery pack during this charge and discharge can be evaluated; the maximum cruising range at the economic speed after this charge can be evaluated; the maximum allowable vehicle speed after this charge can be evaluated; the allowable maximum charging current value during the next charge can be evaluated; the bandwidth and delay of the 5G router (14) are sufficient to support the measurement and control requirements of 99 series-connected power battery packs (22); the intelligent battery management system for electric passenger vehicles based on 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensors is powered by a dedicated battery pack, charges simultaneously with the vehicle power battery system, and can work continuously for 30 days after being fully charged; and it has excellent fire and anti-collision protection, becoming an in-vehicle "black box"; historical data and manufacturer data stored in the cloud computing center (13) and historical data, fault records, and maintenance records of the same batch of products and the same batch of vehicles can be retrieved to form a good ecosystem for technological progress; the 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor group (23) includes a satellite navigation system antenna (1), a satellite navigation system module (2), a CPU (3), a memory (4), a temperature sensor data bus (5), a register (6), a counter (7), an oscillator (8), a quartz crystal probe (9), a second pulse distributor (10), a 5G antenna (11), and a 5G-IoT module (12); the oscillator (8) and the quartz crystal probe (9) are connected by plugging to form a quartz crystal oscillator; the DC withstand voltage between the stainless steel protective shell of the quartz crystal probe (9) and the quartz crystal oscillator and the lead-out wire is greater than 1 kV, and helium gas is filled between the stainless steel protective shell and the quartz crystal oscillator to enhance heat transfer; the quartz crystal oscillator outputs a sine wave, and the frequency of the sine wave changes with the temperature of the quartz crystal probe (9); the pulse shaping circuit at the front end of the counter (7) converts the sine wave into a narrow sharp pulse of the same frequency; the satellite navigation system antenna (1) receives the satellite navigation system time signal, and the satellite navigation system module (2) outputs a high-precision second pulse, which is distributed by the second pulse distributor (10) to the registers (6) and counters (7) of each temperature sensor; this second pulse is both an instruction pulse to transfer the data in the counter (7) to the register (6) and an instruction pulse to clear the counter (7) and start a new one-second count; the CPU (3) scans and reads the data in each register (6) through the temperature sensor data bus (5), and retrieves the narrow sharp pulse number - temperature curve of the general quartz crystal probe (9) from the memory (4). After calculation by the CPU (3), the temperature of each temperature sensor is obtained, and then it is stored in the memory (4) after adding the time stamp; the time stamp is the calendar time and steps forward synchronously with the high-precision second pulse; the CPU (3) outputs the temperature signals of each single power battery with time stamps through the 5G-IoT module (12) and the 5G antenna (11), and the measurement accuracy is 10 mK;The CPU (3), temperature sensor data bus (5), register (6), counter (7), oscillator (8), and second pulse distributor (10) are integrated into a part of the System On a Chip (SOC). One SOC can support up to 128 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensors.

[0023] Advantages of the invention:

[0024] ● Replace the reference quartz crystal oscillator with an easily obtainable satellite time signal with extremely high precision, so that the temperature measurement error introduced by the timekeeping accuracy of the 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor can be controlled to not exceed 0.1 PPM (PPM is one in a million);

[0025] ● For a 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor with satellite timekeeping and a measuring range of -50°C to 250°C, the error introduced by the timekeeping accuracy can be controlled to not exceed 0.009 mK;

[0026] ● Replace the reference quartz crystal oscillator with an easily obtainable satellite time signal with extremely high precision, so that the accuracy of the 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor of the present invention reaches 1 mK (the 1968 International Practical Temperature Scale uses a standard platinum resistance thermometer for graduation, and the graduation accuracy is better than 0.1 mK);

[0027] ● There may be thousands of 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensors in a whole vehicle. Through the second pulse distributor, each series battery pack shares the same second pulse source; the second pulse source is provided by the satellite navigation system antenna and the satellite navigation system module;

[0028] ● There may be thousands of 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensors in a whole vehicle, which are powered by a dedicated battery pack, charged simultaneously with the vehicle power battery system, and can work continuously for 30 days after being fully charged;

[0029] ● The 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor provides a temperature sensor array with high resolution, high accuracy, high stability, small size, light weight, low power consumption, low latency, convenient for cluster array use, massive interconnection, and shared signals that can be used in the environment of passenger electric vehicles;

[0030] ● The 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor array provides a method for finely sorting and dividing series groups according to the temperature rise of single cells on a constant current series charging test bench in the lithium-ion battery production line, which can improve the thermal consistency of series lithium-ion battery packs, extend the service life of the battery packs, and significantly enhance safety;

[0031] ● If the measurement accuracy of the 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor is appropriately relaxed to 10 mK, the narrow-tip pulse number-temperature curve of a general quartz crystal probe can be used, greatly improving the general interchangeability of the quartz crystal probe and facilitating the use of a cluster array of quartz crystal probes;

[0032] ● The intelligent battery management system for electric passenger vehicles based on the 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor provides a system that continuously collects high-precision temperature signals for each charging battery in the driving state, charging state, and parked state in the garage of an electric passenger vehicle, and monitors the temperature of each power battery and the temperature change rate of each power battery in real time through edge computing. When the average temperature of the power battery is higher than 20 °C, the on-vehicle cooling system is started; when the average temperature of the power battery is lower than 10 °C, the on-vehicle heating system is started; the power batteries with temperature overrun and battery temperature change rate overrun are displayed in real time; the vehicle speed is limited in real time and / or the series battery packs endangering safety are cut off; the charging current is limited in real time and / or the series battery packs endangering safety are cut off; batteries with abnormal self-discharge are detected early and / or the series battery packs endangering safety are cut off, and an alarm is sent to the vehicle owner, charging service personnel, and fire service personnel. When necessary, the on-vehicle fire system and the parking lot fire system are directly started;

[0033] ● The intelligent battery management system for electric passenger vehicles based on the 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor is powered by a dedicated battery pack and is charged simultaneously with the vehicle power battery system. It can work uninterruptedly for 30 days after being fully charged; and it has excellent fire and anti-collision protection and becomes an on-vehicle "black box";

[0034] ● The intelligent battery management system for electric passenger vehicles based on the 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor provides a system that measures, records, and uploads the discharge current, charging current, terminal voltage, and the drop in no-load terminal voltage caused by self-discharge of each series-connected power battery pack in the driving state, charging state, and parked state in the garage of an electric passenger vehicle to the cloud, eliminating catastrophic accidents in the bud;

[0035] ● The intelligent battery management system for electric passenger vehicles based on the 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor can evaluate the life loss of the battery pack during this charge and discharge, the maximum cruising range at the economic speed after this charge, the maximum allowable vehicle speed after this charge, and the allowable maximum charging current value during the next charge by comparing with the historical charge and discharge data stored in the edge computing module (19), extending the service life of the electric passenger vehicle battery and the full-life cruising range of the battery;

[0036] ● The intelligent battery management system for electric passenger vehicles based on 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensors can also retrieve historical data, manufacturer data stored in the cloud computing center, as well as historical data, fault records, and maintenance records of the same batch of products and the same batch of vehicles, forming a good ecosystem for technological progress.

[0037] ● The detailed and complete historical data of each power battery effectively improves the safety of retired power battery packs used as energy storage walls; it also increases the residual value of retired power battery packs. (IV) Description of the Drawings:

[0038] Figure 1 It is a system diagram of the intelligent battery management system for electric passenger vehicles based on 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensors.

[0039] Figure 2 It is a system architecture diagram of a series battery pack based on 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor groups.

[0040] In Figure 1 and Figure 2 :

[0041] 1 Quartz crystal probe, 2 Satellite navigation system antenna,

[0042] 3 CPU, 4 Memory,

[0043] 5 Temperature sensor data bus, 6 Register,

[0044] 7 Counter, 8 Oscillator,

[0045] 9 Quartz crystal probe, 10 Second pulse distributor,

[0046] 11 5G antenna, 12 5G-IoT module,

[0047] 13 Cloud computing center, 14 5G router,

[0048] 15 In-vehicle touch display control screen, 16 Current voltage GTO status display control interface,

[0049] 17 In-vehicle cooling / heating system, in-vehicle fire protection system, site fire protection system, charging pile interface,

[0050] 18 Data exchange interface with cloud computing center, car owner's mobile phone, and maintenance center,

[0051] 19 Edge computing module, 20 Charging isolation GTO,

[0052] 21 Discharge isolation GTO, 22 Series-connected power battery packs,

[0053] 23 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor group, 24 acceleration sensors. (V) Specific implementation manners:

[0054] Example 1:

[0055] Now in combination with Figure 1 and Figure 2 Taking an electric passenger car using 21700 cylindrical ternary lithium batteries as an example to illustrate the preferred manner of implementing the present invention.

[0056] The intelligent battery management system for electric passenger vehicles based on 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensors includes a cloud computing center (13), a 5G router (14), an in-vehicle touch display control screen (15), a current-voltage GTO status display control interface (16), an in-vehicle cooling system, an in-vehicle fire protection system, a site fire protection system, a charging pile control interface (17), a data exchange interface with the cloud computing center, the owner's mobile phone, and the maintenance center (18), an edge computing module (19), a charging isolation GTO (20), a discharging isolation GTO (21), a 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor group (23), an acceleration sensor (24), current sensors and voltage sensors of the series-connected power battery pack (22); The charging bus and the charging isolation GTO (20) are used to effectively isolate the backflow between the series-connected power battery packs (22) in the charging state; The discharging bus and the discharging isolation GTO (21) are used to effectively isolate the backflow between the series-connected power battery packs (22) in the discharging state; It provides the necessary isolation conditions for real-time and accurate measurement and control of the real-time working temperature of each single power battery, and clarifies that the working temperature of each single power battery represents the internal resistance of the battery in the charging and discharging states, and represents the internal leakage current of the power battery in the parking state; In the driving state, charging state, and in-vehicle deactivated state of the electric passenger vehicle, each 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor group (23) continuously collects the temperature signals of the high-precision temperature sensors in close contact with each power battery, and transmits all the data to the edge computing module (19) through the 5G router (14), and real-time monitors and graphically displays the temperature of each power battery and the temperature change rate of each power battery through the in-vehicle touch display control screen (15); When the average temperature of the power battery is higher than 20°C, the in-vehicle cooling system is started through the in-vehicle cooling / heating system, the in-vehicle fire protection system, the site fire protection system, and the charging pile interface (17); When the average temperature of the power battery is lower than 10°C, the in-vehicle heating system is started; The power batteries with temperature overlimit and temperature change rate overlimit are displayed in real time through the in-vehicle touch display control screen (15); The edge computing module (19) limits the vehicle speed in real time and / or cuts off the series-connected power battery pack (22) endangering safety by controlling the discharging isolation GTO (21); The edge computing module (19) limits the charging current in real time and / or cuts off the series-connected power battery pack (22) endangering safety by controlling the charging isolation GTO (20); The edge computing module (19) early discovers the battery with abnormal self-discharge and / or cuts off the series-connected power battery pack (22) endangering safety, and at the same time alarms the owner, charging service personnel, and fire service personnel through the data exchange interface (18) with the cloud computing center, the owner's mobile phone, and the maintenance center, and directly starts the in-vehicle fire protection system and the parking lot fire protection system when necessary; When the electric passenger vehicle encounters a huge negative acceleration, the acceleration sensor (24) acts, and the edge computing module (19) can turn off all the discharging isolation GTOs (21) within 2 ms;By comparing with the historical charge and discharge data stored in the edge computing module (19), the life loss of the battery pack during this charge and discharge can be evaluated; the maximum cruising range at the economic speed after this charge can be evaluated; the maximum allowable vehicle speed after this charge can be evaluated; the allowable maximum charging current value during the next charge can be evaluated; the bandwidth and latency of the 5G router (14) are sufficient to support the measurement and control requirements of 99 series-connected power battery packs (22). In this embodiment, the 5G router (14) supports the measurement and control requirements of 72 series-connected power battery packs (22); the intelligent battery management system for electric passenger vehicles based on 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensors is powered by a dedicated battery pack, charges simultaneously with the vehicle power battery system, and can work continuously for 30 days after being fully charged; and it has excellent fire and anti-collision protection, becoming an in-vehicle "black box"; historical data and manufacturer data stored in the cloud computing center (13) and historical data, fault records, and maintenance records of the same batch of products and the same batch of vehicles can be retrieved to form a good ecosystem for technological progress; the 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor group (23) includes a satellite navigation system antenna (1), a satellite navigation system module (2), a CPU (3), a memory (4), a temperature sensor data bus (5), a register (6), a counter (7), an oscillator (8), a quartz crystal probe (9), a second pulse distributor (10), a 5G antenna (11), and a 5G-IoT module (12); the oscillator (8) and the quartz crystal probe (9) are connected by plugging to form a quartz crystal oscillator. In this embodiment, 96 sets are used in total to measure and control the temperatures of 96 series-connected single battery cells; the DC withstand voltage between the stainless steel protective shell of the quartz crystal probe (9) and the quartz crystal oscillator and the lead-out wire is greater than 1 kV, and helium gas is filled between the stainless steel protective shell and the quartz crystal oscillator to enhance heat transfer; the quartz crystal oscillator outputs a sine wave, and the frequency of the sine wave changes with the temperature of the quartz crystal probe (9); the pulse shaping circuit at the front end of the counter (7) converts the sine wave into a narrow sharp pulse of the same frequency; the satellite navigation system antenna (1) receives the satellite navigation system time signal, and the satellite navigation system module (2) outputs a high-precision second pulse. The second pulse is distributed by the second pulse distributor (10) to the registers (6) and counters (7) of each temperature sensor; this second pulse is both an instruction pulse to transfer the data in the counter (7) into the register (6) and an instruction pulse to clear the counter (7) and start a new one-second count; the CPU (3) scans and reads the data in each register (6) through the temperature sensor data bus (5), and retrieves the narrow sharp pulse number - temperature curve of the general quartz crystal probe (9) from the memory (4). The CPU (3) calculates the temperature of each temperature sensor, adds the time stamp, and then stores it in the memory (4); the time stamp is the calendar time and is synchronized and stepped with the high-precision second pulse;The CPU (3) outputs the temperature signals of each single battery cell with time stamps through the 5G-IoT module (12) and the 5G antenna (11), and the measurement accuracy is 10 mK; the CPU (3), the temperature sensor data bus (5), the register (6), the counter (7), the oscillator (8), and the second pulse distributor (10) are integrated into a part of the SOC (System On a Chip), and one SOC can support up to 128 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensors.

[0057] Before the popularization and improvement of the 5G network, the data exchange between the edge computing module (19) and the cloud computing center (13) will be compatible with the 4G network and mainly use the 4G network.

[0058] Embodiment 2:

[0059] Now in combination with Figure 1 and Figure 2 Taking an electric passenger car using aluminum-shell square ternary lithium batteries as an example to illustrate the preferred way to implement the present invention.

[0060] The intelligent battery management system for electric passenger vehicles based on 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensors includes a cloud computing center (13), a 5G router (14), an in-vehicle touch display control screen (15), a current-voltage GTO status display control interface (16), an in-vehicle cooling system, an in-vehicle fire protection system, a site fire protection system, a charging pile control interface (17), a data exchange interface with the cloud computing center, the vehicle owner's mobile phone, and the maintenance center (18), an edge computing module (19), a charging isolation GTO (20), a discharging isolation GTO (21), a 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor group (23), an acceleration sensor (24), current sensors and voltage sensors of the series-connected power battery pack (22); the charging bus and the charging isolation GTO (20) are used to effectively isolate the backflows between the series-connected power battery packs (22) in the charging state; the discharging bus and the discharging isolation GTO (21) are used to effectively isolate the backflows between the series-connected power battery packs (22) in the discharging state; necessary isolation conditions are provided for accurately measuring and controlling the real-time working temperatures of each single power battery in real time, and it is clear that the working temperatures of each single power battery represent the internal resistance of the battery in the charging and discharging states and represent the internal leakage current of the power battery in the parked state; in the driving state, charging state, and parked state in the garage of the electric passenger vehicle, each 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor group (23) continuously collects the temperature signals of the high-precision temperature sensors in close contact with each power battery, and all data is transmitted to the edge computing module (19) through the 5G router (14), and the temperatures of each power battery and the temperature change rate of each power battery are monitored in real time and graphically displayed through the in-vehicle touch display control screen (15); when the average temperature of the power battery is higher than 20 °C, the in-vehicle cooling system is started through the in-vehicle cooling / heating system, the in-vehicle fire protection system, the site fire protection system, and the charging pile interface (17); when the average temperature of the power battery is lower than 10 °C, the in-vehicle heating system is started; the power batteries with temperature overlimit and temperature change rate overlimit are displayed in real time through the in-vehicle touch display control screen (15); the edge computing module (19) limits the vehicle speed in real time and / or cuts off the series-connected power battery pack (22) endangering safety by controlling the discharging isolation GTO (21); the edge computing module (19) limits the charging current in real time and / or cuts off the series-connected power battery pack (22) endangering safety by controlling the charging isolation GTO (20); the edge computing module (19) early discovers the battery with abnormal self-discharge and / or cuts off the series-connected power battery pack (22) endangering safety, and at the same time alarms the vehicle owner, charging service personnel, and fire service personnel through the data exchange interface (18) with the cloud computing center, the vehicle owner's mobile phone, and the maintenance center, and directly starts the in-vehicle fire protection system and the parking lot fire protection system when necessary; when the electric passenger vehicle encounters a huge negative acceleration, the acceleration sensor (24) acts, and the edge computing module (19) can turn off all the discharging isolation GTOs (21) within 2 ms;By comparing with the historical charge and discharge data stored in the edge computing module (19), the life loss of the battery pack during this charge and discharge can be evaluated; the maximum cruising range at the economic speed after this charge can be evaluated; the maximum allowable vehicle speed after this charge can be evaluated; the allowable maximum charging current value during the next charge can be evaluated; the bandwidth and latency of the 5G router (14) are sufficient to support the measurement and control requirements of 99 series-connected power battery packs (22). In this embodiment, the 5G router (14) supports the measurement and control requirements of 8 series-connected power battery packs (22); the intelligent battery management system for electric passenger vehicles based on the 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor is powered by a dedicated battery pack, charges simultaneously with the vehicle power battery system, and can work uninterruptedly for 30 days after being fully charged; and it has excellent fire and anti-collision protection, becoming an in-vehicle "black box"; historical data and manufacturer data stored in the cloud computing center (13) and historical data, fault records, and maintenance records of the same batch of products and the same batch of vehicles can be retrieved to form a good ecosystem for technological progress; the 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor group (23) includes a satellite navigation system antenna (1), a satellite navigation system module (2), a CPU (3), a memory (4), a temperature sensor data bus (5), a register (6), a counter (7), an oscillator (8), a quartz crystal probe (9), a one-second pulse distributor (10), a 5G antenna (11), and a 5G-IoT module (12); the oscillator (8) and the quartz crystal probe (9) are connected by plugging to form a quartz crystal oscillator. In this embodiment, 96 sets are used in total to measure and control the temperatures of 96 series-connected single power batteries; the DC withstand voltage between the stainless steel protective shell of the quartz crystal probe (9) and the quartz crystal oscillator and the lead-out wire is greater than 1 kV, and helium gas is filled between the stainless steel protective shell and the quartz crystal oscillator to enhance heat transfer; the quartz crystal oscillator outputs a sine wave, and the frequency of the sine wave changes with the temperature of the quartz crystal probe (9); the pulse shaping circuit at the front end of the counter (7) converts the sine wave into a narrow sharp pulse of the same frequency; the satellite navigation system antenna (1) receives the satellite navigation system time signal, and the satellite navigation system module (2) outputs a high-precision one-second pulse. The one-second pulse is distributed by the one-second pulse distributor (10) to the registers (6) and counters (7) of each temperature sensor; this one-second pulse is both an instruction pulse to transfer the data in the counter (7) into the register (6) and an instruction pulse to clear the counter (7) and start a new one-second count; the CPU (3) scans and reads the data in each register (6) through the temperature sensor data bus (5), and retrieves the narrow sharp pulse number-temperature curve of the general quartz crystal probe (9) from the memory (4). The CPU (3) calculates the temperature of each temperature sensor, adds the time stamp, and then stores it in the memory (4); the time stamp is the calendar time and steps synchronously with the high-precision one-second pulse;The CPU (3) outputs the temperature signals of each single battery cell with time stamps via the 5G-IoT module (12) and the 5G antenna (11), and the measurement accuracy is 10 mK; the CPU (3), the temperature sensor data bus (5), the register (6), the counter (7), the oscillator (8), and the second pulse distributor (10) are integrated into a part of the SOC (System On a Chip), and one SOC supports up to 128 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensors.

[0061] Before the popularization and improvement of the 5G network, the data exchange between the edge computing module (19) and the cloud computing center (13) will be compatible with the 4G network and mainly use the 4G network.

Claims

1. An intelligent battery management system for electric passenger vehicles based on 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensors, characterized in that: Including a cloud computing center (13), a 5G router (14), an in-vehicle touch display control screen (15), a current-voltage GTO status display control interface (16), an in-vehicle cooling system, an in-vehicle fire protection system, a site fire protection system, a charging pile control interface (17), a data exchange interface (18) with the cloud computing center, the owner's mobile phone, and the maintenance center, an edge computing module (19), a charging isolation GTO (20), a discharging isolation GTO (21), a 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor group (23), an acceleration sensor (24), current sensors and voltage sensors of a series-connected power battery pack (22); using a charging bus and a charging isolation GTO (20) to effectively isolate the backflow between the series-connected power battery packs (22) in the charging state; using a discharging bus and a discharging isolation GTO (21) to effectively isolate the backflow between the series-connected power battery packs (22) in the discharging state; providing necessary isolation conditions for real-time and accurate measurement and control of the real-time working temperature of each single power battery, and clarifying that the working temperature of each single power battery represents the internal resistance of the battery in the charging and discharging states and represents the internal leakage current of the power battery in the parked state; in the driving state, charging state, and in-garage deactivated state of the electric passenger vehicle, each 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor group (23) continuously collects the temperature signals of the high-precision temperature sensors in close contact with each power battery, and transmits all data to the edge computing module (19) through the 5G router (14), and real-time monitors and graphically displays the temperature of each power battery and the temperature change rate of each power battery through the in-vehicle touch display control screen (15); when the average temperature of the power battery is higher than 20°C, the in-vehicle cooling system is started through the in-vehicle cooling / heating system, in-vehicle fire protection system, site fire protection system, charging pile interface (17); when the average temperature of the power battery is lower than 10°C, the in-vehicle heating system is started; the power batteries with temperature overlimit and temperature change rate overlimit are displayed in real time through the in-vehicle touch display control screen (15); the edge computing module (19) limits the vehicle speed in real time and / or cuts off the series-connected power battery pack (22) endangering safety by controlling the discharging isolation GTO (21); the edge computing module (19) limits the charging current in real time and / or cuts off the series-connected power battery pack (22) endangering safety by controlling the charging isolation GTO (20); the edge computing module (19) discovers the battery with abnormal self-discharge early and / or cuts off the series-connected power battery pack (22) endangering safety, and at the same time alarms the owner, charging service personnel, and fire service personnel through the data exchange interface (18) with the cloud computing center, the owner's mobile phone, and the maintenance center, and directly starts the in-vehicle fire protection system and the parking lot fire protection system when necessary; when the electric passenger vehicle encounters a huge negative acceleration, the acceleration sensor (24) acts, and the edge computing module (19) can turn off all the discharging isolation GTOs (21) within 2 ms;By comparing with the historical charge and discharge data stored in the edge computing module (19), the life loss of the battery pack during this charge and discharge can be evaluated; the maximum cruising range at the economic speed after this charge can be evaluated; the maximum allowable vehicle speed after this charge can be evaluated; the allowable maximum charging current value during the next charge can be evaluated; the bandwidth and latency of the 5G router (14) are sufficient to support the measurement and control requirements of 99 series-connected power battery packs (22); the intelligent battery management system for electric passenger vehicles based on the 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor is powered by a dedicated battery pack, charges simultaneously with the vehicle power battery system, and can work continuously for 30 days after being fully charged; and it has excellent fire and anti-collision protection, becoming an in-vehicle "black box"; historical data and manufacturer data stored in the cloud computing center (13) and historical data, fault records, and maintenance records of the same batch of products and the same batch of vehicles can be retrieved to form a good ecosystem for technological progress; the 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensor group (23) includes a satellite navigation system antenna (1), a satellite navigation system module (2), a CPU (3), a memory (4), a temperature sensor data bus (5), a register (6), a counter (7), an oscillator (8), a quartz crystal probe (9), a second pulse distributor (10), a 5G antenna (11), and a 5G-IoT module (12); the oscillator (8) and the quartz crystal probe (9) are connected by plugging to form a quartz crystal oscillator; the DC withstand voltage between the stainless steel protective shell of the quartz crystal probe (9) and the quartz crystal oscillator and the lead-out wire is greater than 1 kV, and helium gas is filled between the stainless steel protective shell and the quartz crystal oscillator to enhance heat transfer; The quartz crystal oscillator outputs a sine wave, and the frequency of the sine wave changes with the temperature of the quartz crystal probe (9); The pulse shaping circuit at the front end of the counter (7) converts the sine wave into a narrow sharp pulse of the same frequency; The satellite navigation system antenna (1) receives the time signal from the satellite navigation system, and the satellite navigation system module (2) outputs a high-precision second pulse. The second pulse is distributed by the second pulse distributor (10) to the registers (6) and counters (7) of each temperature sensor; this second pulse is both the instruction pulse to transfer the data in the counter (7) into the register (6) and the instruction pulse to clear the counter (7) and start a new second count; The CPU (3) scans and reads the data in each register (6) through the temperature sensor data bus (5), and retrieves the narrow sharp pulse number - temperature curve of the general quartz crystal probe (9) from the memory (4). The CPU (3) calculates the temperature of each temperature sensor, adds the time stamp and stores it in the memory (4); the time stamp is the calendar time and steps synchronously with the high-precision second pulse; the CPU (3) outputs the temperature signals of each single power battery with time stamps through the 5G-IoT module (12) and the 5G antenna (11), and the measurement accuracy is 10mK; the CPU (3), the temperature sensor data bus (5), the register (6), the counter (7), the oscillator (8), and the second pulse distributor (10) are integrated into a part of the SOC (System On a Chip). One SOC supports up to 128 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensors at most.

2. The intelligent battery management system for electric passenger vehicles based on 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensors according to claim 1, characterized in that Before the popularization and improvement of the 5G network, the data exchange between the edge computing module (19) and the cloud computing center (13) will be compatible with the 4G network and mainly use the 4G network.

3. The intelligent battery management system for electric passenger vehicles based on 5G-IoT high-precision temperature sensors according to claim 1, characterized in that The detailed and complete historical data of each power battery stored in the edge computing module (19) and the cloud computing center (13) effectively improves the safety of using retired power battery packs as energy storage walls; it also improves the residual value of retired power battery packs.

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