Multi-system multiband antenna assembly with rottmann lens

Abstract

A multi-system multi-band antenna assembly with a Rotman lens is disclosed. A method and apparatus for communicating RF signals are described. In one embodiment, the apparatus is demonstrated by a multi-band integrated antenna assembly that includes a blade antenna with a conductive ground plane, a planar antenna array for communicating a second signal, and a signal processor. The planar antenna array transmits and receives signals using a passive Rotman lens beamformer that can be used for applications with environmental challenges.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to systems and methods for communicating information via antennas, particularly with respect to multi-band antenna systems. BACKGROUND

[0002] Existing wireless communication systems deploy their own antennas for a single band of omnidirectional coverage area. Multiple systems require multiple antennas to be deployed for a specified band and coverage. The configuration of multiple antennas requires a large surface area. It competes with other systems for valuable real estate on a vehicle with limited surface area. In addition, a crowded antenna field also increases interference to other installed systems on board. Multiple antennas also negatively increase the weight and aerodynamic drag of the vehicle. SUMMARY

[0003] This Summary is provided to introduce some concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the DETAILED DESCRIPTION. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used in limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0004] To meet the above requirements, this document discloses a multi-band integrated antenna assembly. In one embodiment, the assembly includes a vane antenna for communicating a first signal, a planar antenna array for communicating a second signal, and a signal processor.

[0005] The planar antenna array includes an array of antenna elements and a Lecher wire lens using the vane antenna as a conductive ground plane. The array of antenna elements includes a plurality of antenna elements arranged in rows.

[0006] The Lecher wire lens has a Lecher wire lens array port set and a Lecher wire lens beam port set. Each element of a respective row of antenna elements is communicatively coupled to a respective one of the Lecher wire lens array port set.

[0007] The signal processor includes a signal processor first port set and a second signal processor port for communicating the second signal, each signal processor first port being communicatively coupled to a respective one of the Lecher wire lens beam ports. The signal processor selectively couples the second signal processor port to one of the signal processor first ports.

[0008] Other embodiments are demonstrated by methods of using a vane antenna and a planar antenna array to communicate one or more RF signals and optionally doing so simultaneously.

[0009] The integrated antenna assembly described above supports multiple wireless systems and a wide range of frequency bands. The integrated antenna assembly includes an omni-directional blade antenna and one or more antenna arrays on the sides of the assembly. The antenna arrays on the sides cover the entire horizontal range (360 degrees azimuth) and the blade antenna provides typical omni-directional radiation coverage for the same or different frequency bands simultaneously and can be replaced with a panel that houses multiple monopole antennas for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) operation.

[0010] The system described above utilizes a single antenna assembly to support LTE / 5G-sub6 and mm-wave band communications, reduces the spatial volume requirements (including a segregated area for equipment retention, accessibility, and maintainability), mitigates vehicle weight by eliminating multiple antennas, supports next generation antenna communications and control (such as electronic steering, beamforming), and reduces cost by removing phased array control circuitry.

[0011] The features, functions, and benefits discussed above can be implemented in BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0012] Reference will now be made to the drawings wherein like numerals refer to like components throughout.

[0013] FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of a communication system;

[0014] FIG. IB is a schematic diagram depicting a typical antenna arrangement for a communication signal;

[0015] Figures 2A-2B is a functional block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an integrated antenna assembly;

[0016] Figure 3A is a diagram of a schematic diagram illustrating further details of the integrated antenna assembly presented in Figure 2A

[0017] Figure 3B is a diagram of a schematic diagram illustrating further details of the integrated antenna assembly presented in Figure 2A

[0018] Figure 3C and Figure 3D is a diagram of a schematic diagram of a multi-layer substrate for implementing an embodiment of an integrated antenna assembly;

[0019] Figure 3E is a diagram of a schematic diagram of a single-layer substrate for implementing an embodiment of an integrated antenna assembly;

[0020] Figures 4A-4D is a diagram of a schematic diagram depicting an exemplary antenna module using multiple integrated antenna assemblies within a single housing; ​​

[0021] Figure 5 and Figure 6 are schematic diagrams depicting the use of multiple integrated antenna assemblies within a single housing;

[0022] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a use case for communicating RF signals;

[0023] Figure 8 and Figure 9 are schematic diagrams illustrating methods of communicating one or more RF signals using integrated antenna assemblies; and

[0024] Figure 10 illustrates an exemplary computer system that can be used to implement the processing elements of the above-disclosed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and which are shown by way of illustration of several embodiments. It is understood that other embodiments can be utilized and structural changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present subject disclosure.

[0026] SUMMARY

[0027] The systems and methods disclosed herein integrate multiple antennas and antenna arrays for multiple systems with multiple use cases into one single antenna assembly. It provides omni-directional coverage for lower frequency bands (such as 4G / Long Term Evolution (LTE) / Fifth Generation (5G)-Sub 6 GHz band (below 6 GHz)) and at the same time directional beam coverage for higher frequency bands (such as 5G millimeter wave (mmWave) band from 7 GHz to 86 GHz, or X, Ku, K, Ka, and V bands). It addresses the installation, operation, performance, and maintainability challenges inherent in deploying multiple wireless communication systems in constrained environments (such as airborne, terrestrial, maritime, or space vehicles). The compact physical size of the assembly reduces installation limitations caused by limited installation surface area and resulting co-site restrictions, as well as weight and aerodynamic drag on vehicles. The assembly with antenna arrays addresses the problem of insufficient antenna gain for higher frequency bands. The assembly with antenna arrays also addresses electrical performance issues such as lack of electrical scanning capability, inability to spatially multiplex, and limited connectivity link range. The single assembly addresses maintainability challenges such as multiple antenna maintenance and replacement costs.

[0028] The assembly combines one or more blade antennas (e.g., for LTE / 5G sub-6 GHz cellular communications) with one or more phased array antennas (e.g., for 5G mmWave cellular / satellite communications). The blade antennas operate at lower frequency bands, while the antenna arrays operate at higher frequency bands. The assembly is compact in structure, provides 360° coverage, and addresses the limited real estate, weight, and aerodynamic drag limitations in vehicles traveling in constrained environments, including in the air, on the ground, or on the sea. The assembly simplifies the design and manufacture of the vehicle, while also reducing the overall weight. The assembly can also be used in other applications with physically constrained environments, such as aerospace, automotive, and / or maritime.

[0029] The antenna assembly also utilizes a Rotman lens to provide signals to each phased array antenna. The Rotman lens is used for beam scanning. This allows the expensive and fragile phased array control beam scanning circuitry to be largely eliminated or disposed in the interior space of the vehicle in which the assembly is installed, otherwise the circuitry would be disposed within the antenna assembly itself (and exposed to harsh environments, such as extreme high and low temperatures). Installing the phased array control circuitry within the vehicle can also improve the reliability of such control circuitry, thereby reducing the need for inspections, maintenance, and spare parts. In one embodiment, the array of radiating elements with Rotman lenses are disposed on a large ground plane that operates as a blade antenna. The phased array antennas provide 360 degree azimuth directional beam coverage at higher frequency bands, while the large ground plane (operating as a blade antenna) simultaneously provides omni-directional radiation coverage for the same and / or different frequency bands.

[0030] The antenna assembly provides multiple antenna arrays that cover the entire horizontal range (360 degrees azimuth) at 5G mmWave frequency bands and multiple ground planes that operate as multiple blade antennas that provide MIMO operation for lower frequency bands, such as 4G / LTE or 5G-sub6 cellular standard compatible bands, within a single housing. The antenna assembly can be elevated by an extension to reduce the size of the base and improve radiation coverage.

[0031] Typical communication system

[0032] FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of a typical communication system 100. The communication system includes a vehicle 104, such as an aircraft having a fuselage and wings attached thereto, and a transceiver 102, which can include one or more of a ground transceiver 102T and an airborne or satellite transceiver 102S, as well as other vehicles 110, including communication with other vehicles 110 equipped with similar communication capabilities. The vehicles 104 and 110 can be aircraft, watercraft, space vehicles, or ground vehicles.

[0033] The vehicle 104 includes one or more antenna systems 106A and 106B. The antenna systems 106A and 106B are used to communicate data, which can include passenger or crew communication data (e.g., cell phone person-to-person communications, internet communications via a passenger internet service provider (ISP) or an ISP provided by the vehicle 104) as well as avionics and / or cockpit data.

[0034] FIG. IB is a schematic diagram depicting a typical antenna arrangement 200 for communication signals. The antenna arrangement 200 includes a first antenna system 106A for communicating in a first band group of bands such as those supporting 4G / LTE or 5G sub-6 communication systems. The first antenna system 106A includes a first modem 204 such as a 4G / LTE modem communicatively coupled to a radio frequency (RF) converter 206. The first modem 204 modulates a lead-out signal for transmission and provides the modulated signal to the communicatively coupled RF converter 206, which converts the modulator signal to an RF frequency for transmission by a vane antenna 210 communicatively coupled thereto. The vane antenna 210 receives lead-in signals and provides the lead-in signals to the RF converter 206 for down-conversion to a frequency suitable for the modem 204. The modem 204 modulates the signal from the RF converter 206. The vane antenna 210 is typically a simple metal plane providing omni-directional reception and transmission of signals and is disposed in a first antenna system housing 208.

[0035] The antenna arrangement 200 also includes a second antenna system 106B for communicating in a second band group of bands such as those supporting 5G mm-wave communication systems. The second antenna system 106B includes a second modem 212 (e.g., a 5G modem 212) communicatively coupled to a communication module 216. The 5G modem 212 modulates a lead-out signal for transmission and demodulates a lead-in signal for reception. The communication module 216 performs intermediate frequency (IF) conversion to and from RF frequencies, RF switching, and digital beamforming functions. As further described below, the communication module 216 is communicatively coupled to a planar array 218. As shown in FIG. 2, the planar array 218 and the communication module 216 are disposed in a second antenna assembly housing 214.

[0036] As shown in FIG. IB, the first antenna system 106A and the second antenna system 106B are formed by separate structures and are disposed in separate housings 208 and 214. Thus, the first antenna system 106A and the second antenna system 106B do not form an integrated structure. As shown in FIG. 1A, the first antenna system 106A and the second antenna system 106B are typically disposed a considerable distance from each other.

[0037] FIG. IB also discloses the RF converter 206 and modem 204 of the first antenna system 106A and the modem 212 of the second antenna system 106B disposed on opposite sides of the vehicle outer surface or skin 202 and the first antenna system housing 208 and the second antenna assembly housing 214. Since the communication module 216 is disposed outside the vehicle, it is exposed to extreme temperatures and pressures.

[0038] Integrated antenna assembly

[0039] Figures 2A-2B is a functional block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an integrated antenna assembly (IAA) 250. Reference is made to Figure 3A Discussion Figure 2A , Figure 3A is a schematic diagram illustrating further details of the IAA 250.

[0040] The IAA 250 includes a vane antenna 210, a planar antenna array 220, and a signal processor 224 (e.g., including RF switches and IF converters). In one aspect, the vane antenna 210 is formed by a conductive ground plane 310 (e.g., by a conductive layer of a circuit board or a substrate of conductive material having the desired shape of the ground plane 310). The vane antenna 210 communicates a first signal provided by the communicatively coupled RF converter 206 and first modem 204 through a conductor 312.

[0041] The planar antenna array 220 communicates signals from the communicatively coupled second modem 212 and includes an array 218 of antenna elements 302 arranged in a row 306. The antenna elements 302 can be formed by a conductive surface on a top layer of a circuit board. In some examples, the first modem 304 can be used for 4G / LTE (fourth generation / long term evolution) communications and the second modem can be used for 5G or future network communications.

[0042] Rotman lens

[0043] The planar antenna array 220 also includes a Rotman lens 222. The Rotman lens 222 is a passive microwave lens based beamforming system that passively converts a signal presented at one of Rotman lens beam ports 252A-252H from a first phase and first amplitude to another signal having a second phase and second amplitude at one or more of Rotman lens array ports 254A-354H. The Rotman lens 222 also phase and amplitude shifts signals presented at the Rotman lens array ports 254A-254H and applies these phase and amplitude shifted signals to the Rotman lens beam ports 252A-252H.

[0044] The Rotman lens 222 passively shifts the phase of the signals injected into the waveguide of the geometric configuration to input into the linear antenna array in order to scan the beam in any desired signal pattern using the free space wavelength of the signals. It has transmission lines of the proper shape and length to produce a wavefront at the output end that is phase steered by the time delay in the signal transmission. The Rotman lens 222 uses the equivalent time delay created by the different path lengths to the radiating elements to achieve beam scanning.

[0045] These lengths depend on the relative positions between the beam ports 252A-252H and the array ports 251A-251H on the structure. The lens is insensitive to the beam squint problem exhibited by constant phase beamformers as long as the path lengths exhibit constant time delay characteristics over the bandwidth. Each input port will produce a unique beam that is angularly offset at the system output.

[0046] The design of the Rotman lens 222 is determined by a series of equations that set the focal point locations and array locations. During the system design process, the inputs include the number of beams required, the number of array elements, and the spacing of the elements. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the Rotman lens 222 includes eight beam ports 252A-252H and eight array ports 251A-251H, but a greater or fewer number of beam ports or array ports 251A-251H can be implemented.

[0047] The Rotman lens 222 includes a set of Rotman lens array ports 251A-251H 251 and a set of Rotman lens beam ports 252A-252H 252. Each of the Rotman lens array ports 251A-251H is communicatively coupled to a respective row 306 of the array 218 of antenna elements 302 by conductive traces 316 in the circuit board.

[0048] The planar antenna array 220 also includes a signal processor 224. The signal processor 224 includes a set of signal processor first ports 254A-254H 254, with each signal processor first port 254A-254H being communicatively coupled to a respective one of the Rotman lens beam ports 252A-252H via conductive traces 317, forming a microstrip feed. The signal processor 224 also includes a second port 270 for communicating second signals to and from the second modem 212. The signal processor 224 operates as a switch and selectively couples the second port 270 to one of the processor first ports 254A-254H depending on the beam to be formed. Figure 2A The digital beamforming functionality of the communication module 216 is performed by the Rotman lens 222, with the remaining functionality (RF switching and optional IF conversion) being performed by the signal processor 224.

[0049] Figure 3C is a schematic diagram of an IAA 250 made from a multi-layered substrate 352. The multi-layered substrate 352 includes a top layer 352A or top layer substrate and a bottom layer 352B or bottom layer substrate. The antenna elements 302 are arranged on a top surface of the top layer 352A and the conductive ground plane 310 is arranged between the top layer 352A and the bottom layer 352B, on a top surface of the bottom layer 352B or on a bottom surface of the top layer 352A. The Luneberg lens 222 and interconnect signal processor 224 with circuit traces 316 of the Luneberg lens 222 are arranged on a bottom surface of the bottom layer 352B. The conductive ground plane 310 includes holes 318 arranged below the antenna elements 302 that couple the microstrips 316 to the antenna elements 302.

[0050] Figure 3D is a schematic diagram further illustrating the structure of the multi-layered circuit board or substrate in the area of the antenna elements 302. As Figure 3C shown, the Luneberg lens 222 and interconnect signal processor 224 with circuit traces 316 of the Luneberg lens 222 are arranged on a bottom surface of the bottom layer 352B and the conductive ground plane 310 is arranged between the top layer 352A and the bottom layer 352B. Figure 3D is further illustrated that the antenna elements 302 are coupled to the microstrips 316 via holes or slots 318 arranged in the ground plane and between each antenna element 302 and microstrip 316.

[0051] In Figure 2A and Figure 3A the illustrated embodiments, the signal processor 224 is arranged within the same housing 256 as the vane antenna 210. As Figure 3A shown, the signal processor 224 can also be arranged on the same circuit board with the conductive ground plane 310. The IAA 250 can also be implemented on a single layer circuit board with the conductive ground plane 310 forming a vane antenna where the Luneberg lens 222, circuit traces 316 and processor 224 are arranged on top of the substrate.

[0052] Figure 3E is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an IAA 250 using a single layer substrate 362 or circuit board structure. In this embodiment, the array elements 302, microstrips 316 and Luneberg lens 222 are all arranged on one (e.g., top) side of the single layer substrate 362 and interconnected together while the conductive ground plane 310 is arranged on the other (e.g., bottom) side of the single layer substrate 362. The conductive elements on the top and bottom sides of the substrate are separated by a non-conductive material layer of the substrate 362.

[0053] Figure 2B and Figure 3BAnother embodiment of an IAA 250 is illustrated in which the signal processor 224 is neither disposed within the same housing 256 as the conductive ground plane 310 nor on the same circuit board. In these embodiments, the signal processor 224 can be disposed within the interior space of the vehicle 104. Figure 3B The circuit traces 316 and the following circuit traces of the embodiments shown in Figure 3A are similar to the circuit traces illustrated in

[0054] Figure 4A and Figure 4B are schematic diagrams depicting an exemplary antenna housing 256 that uses multiple IAAs 250 within a single housing 256 to collectively provide a radiated beam of 360° azimuth and 180° elevation. Figure 4A A front view of the housing 256 is presented, while Figure 4B A side view of the housing 256 is shown. A first IAA 250A is mounted within a vane portion 404 on one side of a panel 412, and a second (or additional) IAA 250B is mounted on the opposite side of the panel 412. The panel 412 is mounted within the housing 256, which is mounted on the top face 403 of the base 402. The bottom face 401 of the base 402 is adapted to be mounted on the exterior surface of the vehicle 104. In embodiments in which the vehicle 104 has an outer skin 202 that is transparent to RF energy, the housing 256 can be mounted to the interior surface of the vehicle 104. The vane portion 404 is transparent to RF and microwave energy.

[0055] Figure 4C and Figure 4D are schematic diagrams depicting embodiments of the antenna housing 256 that further utilize an extension 414 disposed between the antenna housing 256 and the vehicle 104.

[0056] Figure 5 and Figure 6 are schematic diagrams depicting the use of multiple IAAs 250 within a single housing. These embodiments require each IAA 250 to have a smaller field of view in the housing. Figure 5 Embodiments using three IAAs 250A-250C are depicted, each mounted on a side of a panel 512 that is triangular in cross-section. A housing 504 encloses the panel 512 and is triangular in cross-section. The housing 504 is disposed on a base 502.

[0057] Figure 6 Embodiments using four IAAs 250A-250C are depicted, each mounted on a side of a panel 512 that is trapezoidal in cross-section. Figure 6Also illustrated is the use of an aerodynamic tear-drop shaped housing 604 to enclose and protect the panel 612. The housing 604 is disposed on the base 602. A similarly shaped housing can be used in any of the embodiments described above.

[0058] Figure 7A and Figure 7B is a schematic diagram illustrating a use case for communicating (transmitting or receiving) RF signals. Figure 7A is a schematic diagram illustrating a first use case in which a single integrated antenna is utilized, and Figure 7B is a schematic diagram illustrating a second use case in which two integrated antennas 256 are utilized. In both cases, a first RF signal 702A is communicated in the LTE / 5G sub-6 band and protocol using the blade antenna 210 of the antenna housing 256. A second RF signal 702B is communicated in the 5G mm band and protocol using one or more of the planar antenna arrays 220 of the antenna housing 256. In Figure 7B the use case illustrated, the communication processor 704 determines which of the planar antenna arrays 220 will be used to communicate the second RF signal 702B, typically selecting the planar antenna array 220 facing in the direction closest to the station 100T. As illustrated, multiple housings 256 can be used.

[0059] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of communicating one or more RF signals using the IAA 250 described above. In block 802, a first RF signal 702A is provided to both planar antenna arrays of the IAA 250. In block 804, the first RF signal 702A is communicated via the planar antenna arrays.

[0060] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of communicating one or more other RF signals using the IAA 250 described above. In block 902, a second RF signal 702B is provided to the blade antenna 210 of the IAA 250. In block 904, the second RF signal is communicated via the blade antenna 210 of the IAA 250. Figure 9 The operations depicted in Figure 8 may be performed concurrently with the operations in Thus, the first RF signal 702A and the second RF signal 702B can be communicated concurrently.

[0061] Hardware Environment

[0062] Figure 10An exemplary computer system 1000 that can be used to implement the processing elements disclosed above is illustrated, including the communication processor 704. The computer 1002 includes a processor 1004 and a memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM)) 1006. The computer 1002 is operatively coupled to a display 1022, which presents images such as windows to the user on a graphical user interface 1018B. The computer 1002 can be coupled to other devices, such as a keyboard 1014, a mouse device 1016, a printer 1028, etc. Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize that any combination of the above- described components, or any number of different components, peripherals, and other devices, can be used with the computer 1002.

[0063] Generally, the computer 1002 operates under the control of an operating system 1008, which is stored in the memory 1006, and interfaces with the user to accept inputs and commands and to render results. Although the GUI module 1018B is depicted as a separate module, the instructions for performing the GUI functions can reside or be distributed in the operating system 1008, the computer program 1010, or implemented with dedicated memory and processors. The computer 1002 also implements a compiler 1012 that allows application programs 1010 written in a programming language such as COBOL, C++, FORTRAN, or other languages to be translated into processor 1004 readable code. After completion, the application programs 1010 use the relationships and logic generated using the compiler 1012 to access and manipulate data stored in the memory 1006 of the computer 1002. The computer 1002 also optionally includes external communication devices, such as a modem, a satellite link, an Ethernet card, or other device for communicating with other computers.

[0064] In one embodiment, the instructions implementing the operating system 1008, the computer program 1010, and the compiler 1012 are tangibly embodied in a computer-readable medium, e.g., data storage device 1020, which could include one or more fixed or removable data storage devices such as a zip drive, a floppy disk drive 1024, a hard drive, a CD-ROM, a DVD, etc. Further, the operating system 1008 and the computer program 1010 consist of instructions that, when read and executed by the computer 1002, causes the computer 1002 to perform the steps necessary to implement the

[0065] Those skilled in the art will realize that many modifications can be made to this configuration without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, those skilled in the art will realize that any combination of the above components, or any number of different components, peripherals, and other devices, can be used.

[0066] The foregoing discloses an antenna assembly comprising: a blade antenna for communicating a first signal, a planar antenna array for communicating a second signal, and a signal processor, the planar antenna array comprising: an array of antenna elements comprising a plurality of antenna elements arranged in rows using the blade antenna as a conductive ground plane; a Leaky-wave lens formed by using the blade antenna as a conductive ground plane, the Leaky-wave lens having a Leaky-wave lens array port set and a Leaky-wave lens beam port set, each element of a respective row of antenna elements being communicatively coupled to a respective one of the Leaky-wave lens array port set, the signal processor having: a signal processor first port set, each signal processor first port being communicatively coupled to a respective one of the Leaky-wave lens beam port set; a second signal processor port for transmitting the second signal; and wherein the signal processor selectively couples the second signal processor port to one or more of the signal processor first ports.

[0067] Implementations can include one or more of the following features:

[0068] The antenna assembly according to any of the above embodiments, wherein: the Leaky-wave lens is arranged on a first side of a substrate; the blade antenna is formed by a conductive ground plane for the planar antenna array on a second side of the substrate.

[0069] The antenna assembly according to any of the above embodiments, wherein: the antenna assembly comprises a multi-layer substrate comprising a first substrate and a second substrate; the array of antenna elements is arranged on a top side of the first substrate; the blade antenna is formed by a conductive ground plane for the planar antenna array.

[0070] The antenna assembly according to any of the above embodiments can further comprise being arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate; the Leaky-wave lens is arranged on a bottom side of the second substrate, and each antenna element of a respective row of antenna elements is communicatively coupled to a respective port of the Leaky-wave lens array port set via a microstrip conductor arranged on the bottom side of the second substrate and a slot in the conductive ground plane arranged underneath each antenna element.

[0071] The antenna assembly according to any of the preceding embodiments further comprising: an antenna housing having a plurality of sides including a first side and a second side; a further planar antenna array for communicating the second signals, the further planar antenna array comprising: a further array of antenna elements, the further array of antenna elements comprising a plurality of further antenna elements arranged in a further row; a further Lecher antenna having a further Lecher antenna array port set and a further Lecher antenna beam port set, each element of the respective further row being communicatively coupled to a respective one of the further Lecher antenna array port set, wherein: the planar antenna array is mounted on the first side of the antenna housing; the further planar antenna array is mounted on the second side of the antenna housing; the signal processor comprises: a further first port set of the signal processor, each further first port of the signal processor being communicatively coupled to a respective one of the further Lecher antenna beam port set; a second port for communicating the second signals; and wherein the signal processor further selectively couples the second port to one or more of the further first ports of the signal processor.

[0072] The antenna assembly according to any of the preceding embodiments can further comprise the signal processor mounted externally to the antenna housing.

[0073] The antenna assembly according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein: the antenna housing is mounted on an outer surface of a vehicle, and wherein the signal processor is disposed within an interior space of the vehicle.

[0074] The antenna assembly according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein: the antenna housing is mounted on an outer surface of a vehicle, and wherein the signal processor is disposed within the antenna housing.

[0075] The antenna assembly according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein: the planar antenna array and the further planar antenna array are directed to collectively provide a radiated beam of 360 degrees azimuth and up to 180 degrees elevation.

[0076] The antenna assembly according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein: the plurality of sides includes a third side, the antenna housing has a triangular cross-section; and the third side includes a third planar antenna array.

[0077] The antenna assembly according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein: the plurality of sides includes a fourth side, the antenna housing has a trapezoidal cross-section; and the fourth side includes a fourth planar antenna array.

[0078] The antenna assembly of any of the above embodiments, wherein: the set of Rotman lens ports includes a set of Rotman lens array ports and a set of Rotman lens beam ports, and wherein the Rotman lens passively converts the other signal present at the ports of the set of Rotman lens ports from a first phase and a first amplitude to one or more signals at one or more other ports of the set of Rotman lens ports having a second phase and a second amplitude.

[0079] The antenna assembly of any of the above embodiments, wherein: the first signal is in a first frequency band, the second signal is in a second frequency band higher than the first frequency band. The antenna assembly, wherein the first frequency band is below 6 GHz, the second frequency band is 7 GHz to 86 GHz or X, Ku, K, Ka, and V bands.

[0080] The antenna assembly of any of the above embodiments, wherein: the leaf antenna is formed from a conductive layer of the substrate.

[0081] The antenna assembly of any of the above embodiments, wherein: each row of antenna elements is communicatively coupled to a respective one of the set of Rotman lens array ports via a microstrip feed.

[0082] The antenna assembly of any of the above embodiments, wherein: each signal processor first port is communicatively coupled to a respective one of the set of Rotman lens beam ports by an associated second microstrip conductor.

[0083] Another embodiment is evidenced by a method of communicating one or more radio frequency (RF) signals via an antenna assembly, the method comprising: providing at least one of a first radio frequency (RF) signal and a second RF signal to a planar antenna array of the antenna assembly, the antenna assembly comprising: a leaf antenna, the planar antenna array configured to utilize the leaf antenna as a conductive ground plane, the planar antenna array comprising: an array of antenna elements, the array of antenna elements comprising a plurality of antenna elements arranged in rows; and a Rotman lens, the Rotman lens having a set of Rotman lens array ports and a set of Rotman lens beam ports using the leaf antenna as a conductive ground plane, each element of a respective row of antenna elements being communicatively coupled to a respective one of the set of Rotman lens array ports, the signal processor having: a set of signal processor first ports, each signal processor first port being communicatively coupled to a respective one of the set of Rotman lens beam ports; a second signal processor port, the second signal processor port for communicating the second RF signal. The method for communicating one or more radio frequency signals further comprising wherein the signal processor selectively couples the second signal processor port to one or more of the signal processor first ports. The method for communicating one or more radio frequency signals further comprising communicating at least one of the first RF signal via the leaf antenna and the second RF signal via the planar antenna array.

[0084] Implementations can include one or more of the following features:

[0085] The method described above, further comprising: the first RF signals being communicated via the blade antenna, the second RF signals being communicated via the planar antenna array; wherein: the first RF signals are in a first frequency band; the second RF signals are in a second frequency band; the first frequency band is sub-6 GHz, the second frequency band is 7-86 GHz or X, Ku, K, Ka, V bands; and the first RF signals and the second RF signals are communicated simultaneously.

[0086] Another embodiment is evidenced by a method of assembling an aircraft having a fuselage, the method comprising: arranging an antenna assembly on a skin of the fuselage, the antenna assembly comprising: a blade antenna for communicating first signals, a planar antenna array for communicating second signals, and a signal processor, the planar antenna array comprising: an array of antenna elements, the array of antenna elements comprising a plurality of antenna elements arranged in rows using the blade antenna as a conductive ground plane; a Lecher antenna formed by using the blade antenna as a conductive ground plane, the Lecher antenna having a Lecher antenna array port set and a Lecher antenna beam port set, each element of a respective row of the array of antenna elements being communicatively coupled to a respective one of the Lecher antenna array port set, the signal processor having: a signal processor first port set, each signal processor first port being communicatively coupled to a respective one of the Lecher antenna beam port set; a second signal processor port for communicating the second signals; and wherein the signal processor selectively couples the second signal processor port to one or more of the signal processor first ports, and the blade antenna and the planar antenna array are arranged on an opposite side of the skin from the signal processor.

[0087] Implementations can include one or more of the following features:

[0088] The method described above, wherein: the Lecher antenna is arranged on a first side of a substrate; the blade antenna is formed by a conductive ground plane for the planar antenna array on a second side of the substrate.

[0089] Any of the methods described above, wherein: the antenna assembly comprises a multilayer substrate, the multilayer substrate comprising a first substrate and a second substrate; the array of antenna elements is arranged on a top side of the first substrate; the blade antenna is formed by a conductive ground plane for the planar antenna array.

[0090] Further, the present disclosure includes embodiments in accordance with the following clauses:

[0091] Clause 1. An antenna assembly, comprising:

[0092] a blade antenna (210) for communicating first signals;

[0093] a planar antenna array (220) to communicate the second signal, the planar antenna array (220) comprising:

[0094] an array of antenna elements (302), the array of antenna elements (302) comprising a plurality of antenna elements (302) arranged in rows using the leaf antenna (210) as a conductive ground plane;

[0095] a Leaky-Roman Lens (222) formed by using the leaf antenna (210) as a conductive ground plane, the Leaky-Roman Lens (222) having a Leaky-Roman Lens array port set (254) and a Leaky-Roman Lens beam port set (252), each element of a respective row of the array of antenna elements (302) being communicatively coupled to a respective one of the Leaky-Roman Lens array port set (254);

[0096] a signal processor (224) having:

[0097] a signal processor first port set, each signal processor first port being communicatively coupled to a respective one of the Leaky-Roman Lens beam port set (252);

[0098] a second signal processor port, the second signal processor port to communicate the second signal; and

[0099] wherein the signal processor (224) selectively couples the second signal processor port to one or more of the signal processor first ports.

[0100] Clause 2. The antenna assembly of Clause 1, wherein:

[0101] the Leaky-Roman Lens (222) is disposed on a first side of the substrate; and

[0102] the leaf antenna (210) is formed from a conductive ground plane for the planar antenna array (220) on a second side of the substrate.

[0103] Clause 3. The antenna assembly of Clause 1, wherein:

[0104] the antenna assembly comprises a multi-layered substrate 352 comprising a first substrate and a second substrate;

[0105] the array of antenna elements (302) is disposed on a top side of the first substrate;

[0106] the leaf antenna (210) is formed from a conductive ground plane for the planar antenna array (220) disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate;

[0107] the Leaky-Roman Lens (222) is disposed on a bottom side of the second substrate; and

[0108] Each antenna element (302) of a respective row of antenna elements (302) is communicatively coupled to a respective port of the Rowland lens array port set (254) via a microstrip conductor arranged on a bottom side of the second substrate and a slot in a conductive ground plane arranged below each antenna element (302).

[0109] Clause 4. The antenna assembly of Clause 1, further comprising:

[0110] an antenna housing (256) having a plurality of sides including a first side and a second side;

[0111] a further planar antenna array (220) for communicating the second signal, the further planar antenna array (220) comprising:

[0112] a further array of antenna elements (302), the further array of antenna elements (302) comprising a plurality of further antenna elements (302) arranged in further rows;

[0113] a further Rowland lens (222) having a further Rowland lens array port set (254) and a further Rowland lens beam port set (252), each element of a respective further row communicatively coupled to a respective one of the further Rowland lens array ports (254);

[0114] wherein:

[0115] the planar antenna array (220) is mounted to the first side of the antenna housing (256);

[0116] the further planar antenna array (220) is mounted to the second side of the antenna housing (256);

[0117] the signal processor (224) comprises:

[0118] a further first port set of the signal processor, each further first port of the signal processor communicatively coupled to a respective one of the further Rowland lens beam port set (252);

[0119] a second port for communicating the second signal; and

[0120] wherein the signal processor (224) is further to selectively couple the second port to one or more of the further first ports of the signal processor; and

[0121] the signal processor (224) is mounted externally to the antenna housing (256).

[0122] Clause 5. The antenna assembly of Clause 4, wherein:

[0123] The antenna housing (256) is mounted on an outer surface of the vehicle, and wherein the signal processor (224) is disposed within an interior space of the vehicle.

[0124] Clause 6. The antenna assembly of clause 4, wherein:

[0125] The antenna housing (256) is mounted on an outer surface of the vehicle, and wherein the signal processor (224) is disposed within the antenna housing (256).

[0126] Clause 7. The antenna assembly of clause 6, wherein:

[0127] The planar antenna array (220) and the other planar antenna array (220) are steered to collectively provide a radiated beam of 360 degrees azimuth and up to 180 degrees elevation.

[0128] Clause 8. The antenna assembly of clause 4, wherein:

[0129] The plurality of sides includes a third side, the antenna housing (256) having a triangular cross-section; and

[0130] The third side includes a third planar antenna array (220).

[0131] Clause 9. The antenna assembly of clause 4, wherein:

[0132] The plurality of sides includes a fourth side, the antenna housing (256) having a trapezoidal cross-section; and

[0133] The fourth side includes a fourth planar antenna array (220).

[0134] Clause 10. The antenna assembly of clause 1, wherein the set of Rotman lens ports includes a set of Rotman lens array ports (254) and a set of Rotman lens beam ports (252), wherein the Rotman lens (222) passively converts another signal present at a port of the set of Rotman lens ports from a first phase and a first amplitude to one or more signals at one or more other ports of the set of Rotman lens ports having a second phase and a second amplitude.

[0135] Clause 11. The antenna assembly of clause 1, wherein the first signal is in a first frequency band, the second signal is in a second frequency band higher than the first frequency band.

[0136] Clause 12. The antenna assembly of clause 11, wherein the first frequency band is sub-6 GHz, the second frequency band is 7-86 GHz or X, Ku, K, Ka, V bands.

[0137] Clause 13. The antenna assembly of clause 1, wherein the blade antenna (210) is formed from a conductive layer of the substrate.

[0138] Clause 14. The antenna assembly of clause 13, wherein each row of antenna elements (302) is communicatively coupled to a respective one of the set of Rowland lens array ports (254) via a microstrip feed.

[0139] Clause 15. The antenna assembly of clause 14, wherein:

[0140] each signal processor first port is communicatively coupled to a respective one of the set of Rowland lens beam ports (252) by an associated second microstrip conductor.

[0141] Clause 16. A method of communicating one or more radio frequency (RF) signals via an antenna assembly, comprising:

[0142] providing at least one of a first radio frequency (RF) signal and a second RF signal to a planar antenna array (220) of the antenna assembly, the antenna assembly comprising:

[0143] a blade antenna (210);

[0144] the planar antenna array (220) configured to utilize the blade antenna (210) as a conductive ground plane, the planar antenna array (220) comprising:

[0145] an array of antenna elements (302), the array of antenna elements (302) comprising a plurality of antenna elements (302) arranged in rows; and

[0146] a Rowland lens (222) using the blade antenna (210) as a conductive ground plane, the Rowland lens (222) having a set of Rowland lens array ports (254) and a set of Rowland lens beam ports (252), each element of a respective row of the antenna elements (302) being communicatively coupled to a respective one of the set of Rowland lens array ports (254); and

[0147] a signal processor (224) having:

[0148] a set of signal processor first ports, each signal processor first port being communicatively coupled to a respective one of the set of Rowland lens beam ports (252);

[0149] a second signal processor port, the second signal processor port being for transmission of the second RF signal; and

[0150] wherein the signal processor (224) selectively couples the second signal processor port to one or more of the signal processor first ports; and

[0151] at least one of the first RF signals is communicated via the blade antenna (210) and the second RF signals is communicated via the planar antenna array (220).

[0152] Clause 17. The method of clause 16, further comprising:

[0153] the first RF signals is communicated via the blade antenna (210) and the second RF signals is communicated via the planar antenna array (220);

[0154] wherein:

[0155] the first RF signals is in a first frequency band;

[0156] the second RF signals is in a second frequency band;

[0157] the first frequency band is sub-6 GHz and the second frequency band is 7-86 GHz or X, Ku, K, Ka, V bands; and

[0158] the first RF signals and the second RF signals are communicated simultaneously.

[0159] Clause 18. A method of assembling an aircraft having a fuselage, comprising:

[0160] arranging an antenna assembly on a skin of the fuselage, the antenna assembly comprising:

[0161] a blade antenna (210) for communicating a first signal;

[0162] a planar antenna array (220) for communicating a second signal, the planar antenna array (220) comprising:

[0163] an array of antenna elements (302), the array of antenna elements (302) comprising a plurality of antenna elements (302) arranged in rows using the blade antenna (210) as a conductive ground plane;

[0164] a Lecher wire lens (222) formed by using the blade antenna (210) as a conductive ground plane, the Lecher wire lens (222) having a Lecher wire lens array port set (254) and a Lecher wire lens beam port set (252), each element of a respective row of the array of antenna elements (302) being communicatively coupled to a respective one of the Lecher wire lens array port set (254);

[0165] a signal processor (224) having:

[0166] a signal processor first port set, each signal processor first port being communicatively coupled to a respective one of the Lecher wire lens beam port set (252);

[0167] a second signal processor port for transmitting a second signal; and

[0168] wherein the signal processor (224) selectively couples the second signal processor port to one or more of the signal processor first ports, and the vane antenna (210) and the planar antenna array (220) are arranged on an opposite side of the skin from the signal processor (224).

[0169] Clause 19. The method of clause 18, wherein:

[0170] the Rotman lens (222) is arranged on a first side of the substrate; and

[0171] the vane antenna (210) is formed from a conductive ground plane for the planar antenna array (220) on a second side of the substrate.

[0172] Clause 20. The method of clause 18, wherein:

[0173] the antenna assembly includes a multilayer substrate 352 including a first substrate and a second substrate;

[0174] an array of antenna elements (302) is arranged on a top side of the first substrate;

[0175] the vane antenna (210) is formed from a conductive ground plane for the planar antenna array (220) arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate;

[0176] the Rotman lens (222) is arranged on a bottom side of the second substrate; and

[0177] each antenna element of a respective row of antenna elements (302) is communicatively coupled to a respective port of the Rotman lens array port set (254) via a microstrip conductor arranged on the bottom side of the second substrate and a slot in the conductive ground plane arranged underneath each antenna element (302).

[0178] CONCLUSION

[0179] The description of embodiments of the present subject disclosure ends here. The above-described embodiments are presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present disclosure to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings. It is intended that the scope of the rights be limited not by this detailed description, but rather by the claims attached hereto.

[0180] In the context of the present document, the term "include," "have," "comprise" and conjugations thereof, are used to indicate that elements, components, or steps affixed, included, combined, or comprised are not exclusive, but are inclusive, meaning that other elements, components, or steps that are not expressly mentioned are also contemplated.

Claims

1. An antenna assembly comprising: a vane antenna for communicating a first signal; a planar antenna array for communicating a second signal, the planar antenna array comprising: an array of antenna elements, the array of antenna elements comprising a plurality of antenna elements arranged in rows using the vane antenna as a conductive ground plane; a Lecher lens formed by using the vane antenna as the conductive ground plane, the Lecher lens having a Lecher lens array port set and a Lecher lens beam port set, each element of a respective row of the array of antenna elements communicatively coupled to a respective one of the Lecher lens array port set; a signal processor having: a signal processor first port set, each signal processor first port communicatively coupled to a respective one of the Lecher lens beam port set; a second signal processor port, the second signal processor port for communicating the second signal; and wherein the signal processor selectively couples the second signal processor port to one or more of the signal processor first ports.

2. The antenna assembly of claim 1, wherein: the Lecher lens is disposed on a first side of a substrate; and the vane antenna is formed by the conductive ground plane for the planar antenna array on a second side of the substrate.

3. The antenna assembly of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the antenna assembly comprises a multi-layer substrate, the multi-layer substrate comprising a first substrate and a second substrate; the array of antenna elements is disposed on a top side of the first substrate; the vane antenna is formed by a conductive ground plane for the planar antenna array, disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; the Lecher lens is disposed on a bottom side of the second substrate; and each antenna element of a respective row of the array of antenna elements is communicatively coupled to a respective port of the Lecher lens array port set via a microstrip conductor disposed on the bottom side of the second substrate and a slot in the conductive ground plane disposed underneath each antenna element.

4. The antenna assembly of claim 1 or 2, further comprising: an antenna housing having a plurality of sides including a first side and a second side; another planar antenna array for communicating the second signal, the other planar antenna array comprising: another array of antenna elements, the other array of antenna elements comprising a plurality of other antenna elements arranged in other rows; another Lecher lens having another Lecher lens array port set and another Lecher lens beam port set, each element of a respective other row communicatively coupled to a respective one of another Lecher lens array port; wherein: the planar antenna array is mounted on the first side of the antenna housing; the other planar antenna array is mounted on the second side of the antenna housing; the signal processor comprises: a signal processor other first port set, each signal processor other first port communicatively coupled to a respective one of the other Lecher lens beam port set; wherein the signal processor further selectively couples the second signal processor port to one or more of the other first ports of the signal processor.

5. The antenna assembly of claim 4, wherein: the antenna housing is mounted on an outer surface of a vehicle, and wherein the signal processor is disposed within an interior space of the vehicle.

6. The antenna assembly of claim 4, wherein: the antenna housing is mounted on an outer surface of a vehicle, and wherein the signal processor is disposed within the antenna housing.

7. The antenna assembly of claim 6, wherein: the planar antenna array and the other planar antenna array are directed to collectively provide a radiated beam of 360 degrees azimuth and up to 180 degrees elevation.

8. The antenna assembly of claim 4, wherein: the plurality of sides includes a third side, the antenna housing has a triangular cross-section; and the third side includes a third planar antenna array.

9. The antenna assembly of claim 4, wherein: the plurality of sides includes a third side and a fourth side, the antenna housing has a trapezoidal cross-section; the third side includes a third planar antenna array; and the fourth side includes a fourth planar antenna array.

10. The antenna assembly of claim 1, wherein a set of Rotman lens ports includes the set of Rotman lens array ports and a set of Rotman lens beam ports, and wherein the Rotman lens passively converts the second signal presented at a port of the set of Rotman lens ports from a first phase and a first amplitude to one or more signals at one or more other ports of the set of Rotman lens ports having a second phase and a second amplitude.

11. The antenna assembly of claim 1, wherein the first signal is in a first frequency band and the second signal is in a second frequency band higher than the first frequency band.

12. The antenna assembly of claim 11, wherein: the first frequency band is sub-6 GHz; the second frequency band is within 7 GHz to 86 GHz; and the first signal and the second signal are communicated simultaneously.

13. The antenna assembly of claim 1, wherein the blade antenna is formed from a conductive layer of a substrate.

14. The antenna assembly of claim 13, wherein each row of the antenna elements is communicatively coupled to a respective one of the set of Rotman lens array ports via a microstrip feed.

15. The antenna assembly of claim 14, wherein: each signal processor first port is communicatively coupled to a respective one of the set of Rotman lens beam ports by an associated second microstrip conductor.

16. A method of communicating one or more radio frequency signals, RF signals, via an antenna assembly, comprising: providing at least one of a first radio frequency signal, a first RF signal, and a second RF signal to a planar antenna array of an antenna assembly, the antenna assembly comprising: a blade antenna; the planar antenna array configured to utilize the blade antenna as a conductive ground plane, the planar antenna array comprising: an array of antenna elements, the array of antenna elements comprising a plurality of antenna elements arranged in rows; and a Rotman lens using the blade antenna as the conductive ground plane, the Rotman lens having a set of Rotman lens array ports and a set of Rotman lens beam ports, each element of a respective row of the antenna elements being communicatively coupled to a respective one of the set of Rotman lens array ports; and a signal processor having: a first set of signal processor ports, each signal processor first port being communicatively coupled to a respective one of the set of Rotman lens beam ports; a second signal processor port, the second signal processor port being for communicating the second RF signal; and wherein the signal processor selectively couples the second signal processor port to one or more of the signal processor first ports; and at least one of the first RF signal being communicated via the blade antenna and the second RF signal being communicated via the planar antenna array.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising: the first RF signal being communicated via the blade antenna and the second RF signal being communicated via the planar antenna array; wherein: the first RF signal is in a first frequency band; the second RF signal is in a second frequency band; the first frequency band is sub-6 GHz and the second frequency band is 7-86 GHz; and the first RF signal and the second RF signal are communicated simultaneously.

18. A method of assembling an aircraft having a fuselage, comprising: arranging an antenna assembly on a skin of the fuselage, the antenna assembly comprising: a blade antenna for communicating a first signal; a planar antenna array for communicating a second signal, the planar antenna array comprising: an array of antenna elements, the array of antenna elements comprising a plurality of antenna elements arranged in rows using the blade antenna as a conductive ground plane; a Rotman lens formed by using the blade antenna as the conductive ground plane, the Rotman lens having a set of Rotman lens array ports and a set of Rotman lens beam ports, each element of a respective row of the antenna elements being communicatively coupled to a respective one of the set of Rotman lens array ports; a signal processor having: a first set of signal processor ports, each signal processor first port being communicatively coupled to a respective one of the set of Rotman lens beam ports; a second signal processor port, the second signal processor port being for communicating the second signal; and wherein the signal processor selectively couples the second signal processor port to one or more of the signal processor first ports, and the blade antenna and the planar antenna array are arranged on an opposite side of the skin from the signal processor.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein: the Rotman lens is arranged on a first side of a substrate; and the blade antenna is formed by a conductive ground plane for the planar antenna array on a second side of the substrate.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein: the antenna assembly includes a multilayer substrate including a first substrate and a second substrate; the array of antenna elements is arranged on a top side of the first substrate; the patch antenna is formed from a conductive ground plane for the planar antenna array arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate; the Rotman lens is arranged on a bottom side of the second substrate; and each antenna element of a respective row of the antenna elements is communicatively coupled to a respective port of the Rotman lens array port group via a microstrip conductor arranged on the bottom side of the second substrate and a slot in the conductive ground plane arranged underneath each antenna element. ​

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