The invention discloses a mountainous region sponge urban three-section rainwater collection, purification and utilization system which comprises a rainwater collection system, a rainwater purification system and a rainwater utilization system. The rainwater collection system comprises a plurality of afforesting grooves formed from the mountaintop to the mountainside in sequence, a plurality of sand settling ponds and a plurality of water collection tanks; the rainwater purification system is formed by arranging a plurality of primary purification grooves and a plurality of secondary purification grooves in a ladder shape along a mountain body downwards, and the primary purification grooves are provided with an anti-scouring layer, a soil layer, a coarse sand layer and a purification layer from top to bottom in sequence; the secondary purification grooves are provided with a soil layer and a filter layer from top to bottom in sequence; the rainwater utilization system comprises an upper landscape pond and a lower water storage tank, and a concrete partition plate is arranged between the landscape pond and the water storage tank. The mountain body environment can be afforested and beautified, the good landscape effect is achieved, pollutants in rainwater can be absorbed so as to purify water, and the system is particularly suitable for building a mountainous region sponge city with water resource shortage.