System for hydroponic plant growth environment regulation and phenotypic image acquisition

Abstract

The present application provides a system for regulating the growth environment of hydroponic plants and collecting phenotypic images. It pumps nutrient solution into each hydroponic box through independent connecting pipes, and forms several independent plant cultivation box environments through the sealing effect of the hydroponic box and the transparent heat insulation cover. The present application can accurately regulate the growth environment parameters of plants in real time through sensors and environmental equipment inside each plant cultivation box, simulate different cultivation conditions in each cultivation box, and realize research experiments on the effects of different environmental factors on plant growth and development under a set of systems. On this basis, the present invention also constructs a plant phenotypic image acquisition device including a multi-angle and multi-directional RGB camera group and a multi-spectral camera outside the cultivation box, which can collect multi-spectral images of plant stems and leaves and RGB images of the entire plant above and below the ground in a high-throughput manner without affecting the growth and development of the plant, so as to realize the dynamic and continuous acquisition of the aboveground and root phenotypic characteristics of the plant under different growth environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of hydroponic crop phenotype acquisition, and in particular to a system for regulating the growth environment of hydroponic plants and collecting phenotypic images. Background Art

[0002] Plant phenotypic traits such as plant height, greenness, vegetation index, plant leaf area and root length are the result of the interaction between the plant's internal genes and the external environment. Plant phenotypes are very sensitive to environmental changes, and there may be large differences in plant growth patterns and plant phenotypic traits under different environmental conditions. Analyzing the phenotypic differences of plants under different environmental conditions will help researchers further analyze the interaction mechanism between plant genotype and environment.

[0003] Controllable environmental variables during plant growth are the premise and guarantee for obtaining reliable data during scientific research experiments. Traditional artificial climate boxes or artificial climate chambers can be used to monitor and control the growth environment of hydroponic plants. However, under the existing technology, it can only achieve the regulation of the air environment during the cultivation process, but cannot accurately regulate the water environment during the hydroponic process. The existing technology has low control accuracy for variables such as environmental humidity and carbon dioxide concentration in the hydroponic environment. Moreover, traditional artificial climate chambers (boxes) can only complete the creation and regulation of a single growth environment, and cannot achieve the layout of multiple different environmental scenes in the same device.

[0004] The hydroponic process of plants refers to the growth and development of plants under the cultivation of nutrient solution. This process involves frequent allocation and replacement of nutrient solution, regulation of growth factors such as light, temperature and carbon dioxide concentration in the cultivation environment, and measurement of plant phenotypic traits. The precise regulation of plant growth environment variables is of great significance to the stability of plant phenotypes and the repeatability of experiments. However, the plant hydroponic process is a complex, time-consuming and laborious process. Especially during the experiment, the time that researchers should have used for deep thinking is often occupied by trivial matters such as nutrient solution replacement, environmental variable regulation and manual measurement of plant phenotypic traits. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an automated equipment system that can be used for hydroponic plant cultivation and multi-habitat layout, and can be used for multi-habitat and multi-temporal plant phenotypic data acquisition under hydroponic conditions. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, this application provides a system for hydroponic plant growth environment regulation and phenotypic image acquisition. This application provides different environmental parameters for plants through plant culture boxes, realizes the construction of multiple habitats under the same system, and can realize efficient analysis of the relationship between genotype-phenotype-environment through automatic environmental regulation equipment and phenotypic acquisition equipment, which is of great significance to accelerate the process of crop molecular breeding and optimize cultivation management measures. This application specifically adopts the following technical solutions.

[0006] Firstly, to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, a system for regulating the growth environment of hydroponic plants and acquiring phenotypic images is proposed, which comprises: at least one plant culture box, a hydroponic box made of a light-transmitting material is arranged at the bottom, a transparent heat-insulating cover is sealed and connected to the top of the hydroponic box, a closed cavity is formed between the hydroponic box and the transparent heat-insulating cover for the growth of hydroponic plants, and each hydroponic box is also detachably provided with a shading device on the periphery, the shading device keeps the interior of the hydroponic box in a dark state in the shielding state, and the roots of the hydroponic plants in the hydroponic box can be directly observed and photographed through the light-transmitting material in the detached state; a nutrient solution reserve supply device, a constant temperature heating module is arranged inside the nutrient solution to maintain the temperature of the nutrient solution within the temperature control range, and the outside of the nutrient solution is connected to each hydroponic box through a connecting pipe and a water pump arranged on the connecting pipe to supply nutrient solution into the hydroponic box; a plant phenotypic image acquisition device, which comprises a supporting frame erected outside the plant culture box, an operating frame connected between the supporting frames, and a scanning frame arranged on the operating frame, the scanning frame The width of the scanning frame is set to be larger than the maximum width of the plant culture box and smaller than the spacing distance between adjacent plant culture boxes. A plurality of shooting devices are arranged in the scanning frame. The shooting devices synchronously shoot the phenotypic images of the hydroponic plants in each plant culture box while moving synchronously with the scanning frame along the running frame; an auxiliary lighting device is mounted on the top of the supporting frame to cover the top of each plant culture box. The auxiliary lighting device is provided with LED fluorescent lamps, red lights and blue lights that are evenly spaced and arranged, and are used to adjust the light intensity, light time, day and night cycle and red and blue light ratio of the plant culture box; a main control console is respectively connected to each plant culture box, a nutrient solution reserve supply device, a plant phenotypic image acquisition device and an auxiliary lighting device, and is used to receive, display and store real-time images of the hydroponic plants in each plant culture box taken by the plant phenotypic image acquisition device, calculate and record the microenvironment data in each plant culture box, and regulate the temperature and humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, oxygen concentration, and nutrient solution supply and replacement in each plant culture box.

[0007] Optionally, a system for regulating the growth environment of hydroponic plants and collecting phenotypic images as described above, wherein a plant seedling bed is fixedly arranged between the hydroponic box and the transparent heat insulation cover in the plant incubator, the plant seedling bed is a light-shielding material, and a plurality of plant growth holes are arranged in an array therein, the hydroponic plants are accommodated in the plant growth holes, and the roots of the hydroponic plants grow downward from the bottom of the plant growth holes and are immersed in the nutrient solution in the hydroponic box.

[0008] Optionally, a system for regulating the growth environment of hydroponic plants and collecting phenotypic images as described in any of the above, wherein the hydroponic box is made of a double-layer acrylic sheet, and a vacuum is set between the two layers of the sheet; an inner concave structure is provided on the upper edge of the wall of the hydroponic box, and the inner concave structure is riveted to the bottom of the transparent heat insulation cover, and the inner concave structure on the upper edge of the wall of the hydroponic box surrounds the bottom edge of the transparent heat insulation cover, connecting the hydroponic box and the transparent heat insulation cover as a whole to form a closed cavity space, and the transparent heat insulation cover is a double-layer vacuum sealing structure.

[0009] Optionally, a system for regulating the growth environment of hydroponic plants and collecting phenotypic images as described above, wherein the side wall of the transparent heat insulation cover is also provided with a carbon dioxide inlet hole, an exhaust hole and a carbon dioxide detector, which is connected to the main control console, and detects the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant culture box according to the instructions of the main control console and triggers the carbon dioxide inlet hole and the exhaust hole to replace the gas to achieve control of the carbon dioxide concentration in the box; the bottom of the hydroponic box is provided with a water injection hole, a water outlet hole, an air injection hole and a semiconductor refrigeration plate, which is connected to the main control console to inject nutrient solution in the nutrient solution reserve supply device according to the instructions of the main control console, replace the liquid in the hydroponic box and inject nitrogen into the nutrient solution in the hydroponic box to replace the oxygen in the water to simulate the plant. A hypoxic flooding stress environment and / or temperature control of the nutrient solution in the hydroponic box; the side wall of the hydroponic box is provided with a water level monitor, an oxygen concentration detector, a pH detector, and a temperature detector, which are connected to the main control console to provide a sensor signal to the main control console to trigger the main control console to issue a command to inject the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution reserve supply device through the water injection hole when the water level in the hydroponic box is too low, output a command to inject nitrogen through the gas injection hole to maintain a hypoxic environment when the nitrogen concentration is too low, output a command to replace the liquid in the hydroponic box when the pH value exceeds a preset range, issue a command to exchange the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution reserve supply device through the water injection hole when the temperature is too low, and output a command to cool the nutrient solution in the hydroponic box through the semiconductor refrigeration sheet when the temperature is too high.

[0010] Optionally, a system for regulating the growth environment of hydroponic plants and capturing phenotypic images as described in any of the above, wherein the plant phenotypic image acquisition device comprises: four support frames erected at the four corners of the plant culture box matrix, two longitudinal running frames longitudinally connected between the support frames on both sides, and a transverse running frame arranged across the two longitudinal running frames, a ball screw linear guide slide is provided on the upper surface of the transverse running frame, a scanning frame is connected to the guide slide, a ball screw linear guide slide is respectively installed on the upper surface of the two longitudinal running frames between the support frames, and both ends of the transverse running frame are respectively fixed on two guide slides on the surface of the longitudinal running frame, the longitudinal running frame drives the scanning frame to move along the direction of the longitudinal running frame through the movement of the guide slide, and the transverse running frame drives the scanning frame to move along its axial direction through the movement of the guide slide thereon.

[0011] Optionally, a system for regulating the growth environment and acquiring phenotypic images of hydroponic plants as described in any of the above, wherein the scanning frame comprises: a top hanging arm, which is suspended on a guide rail slide of a transverse running frame, a crossbeam, which is horizontally arranged at the lower end of the top hanging arm, a multispectral camera and a first-angle camera are vertically arranged downward in the middle of the crossbeam for capturing phenotypic images of the tops of the hydroponic plants in each plant incubator; a vertical arm, which is vertically arranged at both ends of the crossbeam and connected to the crossbeam to form a gate structure, a third-angle camera is symmetrically arranged horizontally inwardly at the bottom of the vertical arm for capturing phenotypic images of the roots of the hydroponic plants in each plant incubator, and a second-angle camera is symmetrically arranged obliquely inwardly at the top of the vertical arm for capturing phenotypic images of the entire hydroponic plant in each plant incubator at a 45° downward angle.

[0012] Optionally, in a system for regulating the growth environment of hydroponic plants and capturing phenotypic images as described above, the lenses of the multispectral camera, the first-view camera, the second-view camera and the third-view camera are respectively equipped with polarizing filters; during the shooting process, the main control console outputs control instructions accordingly, triggering the LED fluorescent lamp in the auxiliary lighting device to provide fill light during the shooting process, and triggering the red light and blue light in the auxiliary lighting device to provide lighting conditions for plant growth in a non-shooting state.

[0013] Optionally, a system for regulating the growth environment of hydroponic plants and collecting phenotypic images as described above, wherein the bottom of the hydroponic box is set to a black opaque material, and the side wall thereof is set to a double-layer hollow acrylic plate, and the bottom of the hydroponic box is concave to form an inverted quadrangular pyramid shape; the shading device includes: a shading cloth, the top of which is fixedly arranged on the upper edge of the wall of the hydroponic box and completely surrounds the outer periphery of the hydroponic box; a steel ring, which is sewn and fixed to the bottom lower edge of the shading cloth and surrounded by the outer periphery of the hydroponic box; a screw lifting platform, which is respectively arranged on each hydroponic box; The outer side of the culture box is fixedly connected to the steel ring. When the screw in the screw lifting platform rotates forward, it drives the steel ring to move from bottom to top along the height direction of the hydroponic box, and shrinks the blackout cloth from a blocking state to a disassembled state so that the shooting equipment can directly observe and shoot the roots of the hydroponic plants in the hydroponic box through the translucent material; when the screw in the screw lifting platform rotates reversely, it drives the steel ring to move from top to bottom along the height direction of the hydroponic box, and shrinks the blackout cloth from a disassembled state to a blocking state to prevent external light from passing through the translucent material and affecting the dark environment required for shooting the growth of the roots of the hydroponic plants in the hydroponic box.

[0014] Optionally, in a system for regulating the growth environment and acquiring phenotypic images of hydroponic plants as described above, an identity identification QR code corresponding to each plant incubator is also adhered to the transparent heat insulation cover, and the main console stores the real-time images of the hydroponic plants in each plant incubator taken by the plant phenotypic image acquisition device according to the following steps: a first step, searching or creating a first-level folder that matches the shooting device number and its current shooting position; a second step, searching or creating a second-level folder in the first-level folder according to the identity identification QR code; a third step, storing the real-time images of the hydroponic plants taken by the shooting device in the second-level folder, and naming the images according to the shooting device number, the current shooting position and the shooting time. Beneficial Effects

[0015] The present application pumps nutrient solution into each hydroponic box through independent connecting pipes and water pumps, and forms several independent plant cultivation box environments through the sealing effect of the hydroponic box and the transparent heat insulation cover. The present application can accurately control the growth environment parameters of the plant in real time through the sensors and environmental equipment inside each plant cultivation box, simulate different cultivation conditions in each cultivation box, and realize the research experiment of the influence of different environmental factors on plant growth and development under a set of systems. On this basis, the present invention also constructs a plant phenotypic image acquisition device including a multi-angle and multi-directional RGB camera group and a multi-spectral camera outside the cultivation box, which can collect multi-spectral images of plant stems and leaves and RGB images of the whole plant above and below the ground in a high-throughput manner without affecting the growth and development of the plant, so as to realize the dynamic and continuous acquisition of the aboveground and root phenotypic characteristics of the plant under different growth environments. The present application can use a set of systems to realize the construction of multiple plant growth scenes, and conduct comparative tests of different environmental factors on the same batch of hydroponic plants.

[0016] In addition, the present application also uses the identity recognition QR code mark on the plant culture box to identify the culture environment of the plant, and uses the plant phenotypic image acquisition device to track the phenotypic expression of each plant at each stage of the growth process, and establishes an image file storage system that corresponds to the plant identity, culture environment, and shooting conditions. The system can name and store the captured images according to the shooting equipment number, current shooting location, shooting date and shooting time, thereby improving the system's efficiency in retrieving the corresponding images, and facilitating the tracking and analysis of how different environmental factors such as high and low temperature stress, low oxygen stress, and carbon dioxide concentration affect plant phenotypes.

[0017] In order to improve the response rate of the hydroponic box to different ambient temperature requirements, the present application preferably maintains the nutrient solution temperature in the nutrient solution reserve supply device at 20 degrees or matches the higher temperature required by the comparative experiment, and separately sets a semiconductor refrigeration piece inside the hydroponic box to provide precise control of the internal temperature of the hydroponic box. When it is necessary to simulate a culture environment with a higher temperature, the higher temperature culture solution in the nutrient solution reserve supply device can be directly replaced with the corresponding hydroponic box to quickly increase the temperature of the plant growth environment. Compared with gradually heating the hydroponic box by a heating device, the heating method of the present application has a higher heat exchange efficiency, which can quickly and evenly increase the overall temperature in the box, so that the plants quickly reach the corresponding temperature. When it is necessary to lower the temperature in the box, reduce the external high-temperature nutrient solution supply, and turn on the refrigeration accordingly to quickly achieve a cooling effect. The heat exchange method of the present application can more quickly and evenly make the entire hydroponic box environment reach the set temperature, the heat exchange efficiency is higher, and the plant temperature can be quickly adjusted to simulate the high / low temperature stress and other environments required for various scientific research experiments.

[0018] Other features and advantages of the present application will be set forth in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or may be understood by practicing the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present application, they are used to explain the present application and do not constitute a limitation of the present application. In the accompanying drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a system for regulating the growth environment of hydroponic plants and collecting phenotypic images according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the plant culture box;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the driving method of the shade cloth used in the plant incubator;

[0023] Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion of a plant bed used in a plant incubator;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the nutrient solution storage and supply device;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a plant phenotype image acquisition device;

[0026] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of various cameras in a plant phenotype image acquisition device;

[0027] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of an auxiliary lighting device used in the present invention;

[0028] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the main control console used in the system of the present invention.

[0029] In the figure, Ⅰ represents a plant culture box; Ⅱ represents a nutrient solution reserve supply device; Ⅲ represents a plant phenotype image acquisition device; Ⅳ represents an auxiliary lighting device; Ⅴ represents a main control console; 1 represents a hydroponic box; 2 represents a shading cloth; 3 represents a steel ring; 4 represents a screw lifting platform; 5 represents a semiconductor refrigeration plate; 6 represents a water injection hole; 7 represents a water outlet hole; 8 represents an air injection hole; 9 represents a temperature detector; 10 represents a PH detector; 11 represents an oxygen concentration detector; 12 represents a water level monitor; 13 represents a transparent heat insulation cover; 14 represents a carbon dioxide detector; 15 represents a carbon dioxide air inlet hole; 16 indicates an exhaust hole; 17 indicates a plant seedling bed; 18 indicates a plant growth hole; 19 indicates an identity recognition QR code; 20 indicates a water pump; 21 indicates a constant temperature heating module; 22 indicates a connecting pipe; 23 indicates a supporting frame; 24 indicates a longitudinal running frame; 25 indicates a multi-spectral camera; 26 indicates a first-view camera; 27 indicates a second-view camera; 28 indicates a third-view camera; 29 indicates a transverse running frame; 30 indicates an LED fluorescent lamp; 31 indicates a red light lamp; 32 indicates a blue light lamp; 33 indicates an ultraviolet light lamp; 34 indicates a computer host; and 35 indicates a display screen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the purpose and technical solution of the embodiment of the present application clearer, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiment of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiment of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0031] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in common dictionaries should be understood to have meanings consistent with the meanings in the context of the prior art, and will not be interpreted with idealized or overly formal meanings unless defined as herein.

[0032] The meaning of "and / or" described in this application means that the situations where each exists alone or both exist at the same time are included.

[0033] The meaning of "inside and outside" in this application refers to the direction of the closed cavity inside the plant culture box for plant growth, and the opposite direction is outside; it is not a specific limitation on the institution of this application.

[0034] The term “connection” as used in this application may mean a direct connection between components or an indirect connection between components via other components.

[0035] The meaning of "up" and "down" in this application refers to that when the user is facing the plant culture box, the direction from the hydroponic box to the transparent insulation cover is up, and the opposite direction is down, rather than a specific limitation on the application mechanism.

[0036] Figure 1 A system for regulating the growth environment of hydroponic plants and collecting phenotypic images according to the present application includes: at least one plant culture box I, a nutrient solution reserve supply device II, a plant phenotypic image collection device III, an auxiliary lighting device IV and a main control console.

[0037] Each of the plant culture boxes Ⅰ has a hydroponic box 1 made of a light-transmitting material at the bottom, and a transparent heat-insulating cover 13 is sealed on the top of the hydroponic box 1. A closed cavity is formed between the hydroponic box 1 and the transparent heat-insulating cover 13 for the growth of hydroponic plants. A plurality of air injection holes, exhaust holes, water injection holes and drainage holes can be arranged in the closed cavity accordingly. Different gases can be introduced. Combined with temperature control, nutrient solution configuration and other steps, various environmental stress simulations can be achieved, and multiple different habitats can be created under the same equipment. The periphery of each hydroponic box 1 is also detachably provided with a shading device. In the shading state, the shading device keeps the interior of the hydroponic box 1 in a dark state. In the detached state, the roots of the hydroponic plants in the hydroponic box 1 can be directly observed and photographed through the light-transmitting material.

[0038] The nutrient solution reserve supply device II is provided with a constant temperature heating module 21 inside to maintain the temperature of the nutrient solution within the temperature control range, and is externally connected to each hydroponic box 1 through a connecting pipe 22 and a water pump 20 provided on the connecting pipe 22 to supply nutrient solution to the hydroponic box 1;

[0039] The plant phenotypic image acquisition device III includes a support frame 23 erected outside the plant culture box I, an operating frame connected between the support frames 23, and a scanning frame arranged on the operating frame. The width of the scanning frame is set to be larger than the maximum width of the plant culture box I and smaller than the spacing distance between adjacent plant culture boxes I. A number of shooting devices are arranged in the scanning frame. The shooting devices synchronously shoot the phenotypic images of the hydroponic plants in each plant culture box I while moving along the operating frame synchronously with the scanning frame. The present application can realize the simultaneous acquisition of the aboveground and root phenotypic images of the plant through the combination of multiple camera groups. Through the multi-angle combination of RGB cameras, the extraction of information such as leaf area, leaf inclination and plant light interception can be realized. Through the camera set at a 45° angle, the present application can extract more structural information than the traditional shooting method.

[0040] The auxiliary lighting device IV is mounted on the top of the support frame 23 and covers each plant culture box I. The auxiliary lighting device IV is provided with LED fluorescent lamps 30, red lights 31 and blue lights 32 that are evenly spaced and arranged, and is used to adjust the light intensity, light time, day and night cycle and red and blue light ratio of the plant culture box I.

[0041] The main control console V in this system is respectively connected to each plant culture box I, the nutrient solution reserve supply device II, the plant phenotype image acquisition device III and the auxiliary lighting device IV, and is used to receive, display and store the real-time images of the hydroponic plants in each plant culture box taken by the plant phenotype image acquisition device III, adjust the temperature and humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, oxygen concentration in each plant culture box I, supply and replace the nutrient solution, and calculate and record the microenvironment data in each plant culture box.

[0042] Therefore, the present application can meet the collection of the aboveground and root phenotypic characteristics of plants through a plant incubator: the plant incubator of the present application is arranged within the range defined by the support frame of the device, and the number of plant incubators configured with the device can be selected according to the test requirements. The outer wall of the hydroponic box in the plant incubator is provided with a black shading cloth, and the lower edge of the black shading cloth is sewn and fixed on a black rectangular steel ring. The black rectangular ring is driven up and down by a screw lifting platform, which can meet the light-shielding needs of the root growth of the plants in the plant incubator and the collection needs of the plant phenotypic images.

[0043] The present application can also realize independent and precise temperature control in a single incubator through the plant incubator therein, so as to meet the high and low temperature stress requirements of plant experiments: the hydroponic box of the present application can be provided with a semiconductor refrigeration plate, a water injection hole and a water outlet hole on the black bottom plate, and a transparent heat insulation cover is provided on the hydroponic box. The upper edge of the wall of the hydroponic box is concave and riveted with the transparent heat insulation cover to form a closed space. When a low temperature environment is required in the incubator, the main control console of the device controls the refrigeration plate in the incubator to refrigerate, and the water temperature drops until the set low temperature threshold is reached and maintained within the temperature control accuracy range. The temperature inside the incubator is uniformly conducted to achieve temperature consistency throughout the incubator; when it is necessary to restore the normal ambient temperature, the refrigeration plate stops working, and the device control console controls the nutrient solution reserve supply device to pump out constant temperature hot water, which is injected into the plant incubator through the incubator water injection hole, and an equal amount of cold water is discharged at the same time to achieve the recovery of the ambient temperature inside the incubator; when a high temperature environment is required in the incubator, hot water continues to be pumped into the incubator, and an equal amount of cold water is discharged at the same time. When the temperature sensor detects that the ambient temperature inside the incubator reaches the set high temperature threshold range, the water supply is stopped and the water injection / outlet holes are closed. Since the box structure is relatively independent, its internal temperature can be well maintained. When the temperature changes, the above process is repeated to achieve a constant temperature inside the box; the bottom of the hydroponic box is an inverted frustum structure shaped like a funnel, which can ensure that there is no residue when the nutrient solution in the hydroponic box is replaced, reducing the error caused by the residual nutrient solution during the test and avoiding unnecessary interference to the test results.

[0044] In specific implementation, the present application can further configure the plant cultivation box I to adopt Figures 2 to 4 The structure shown is configured as a hydroponic box 1, the outer wall of the hydroponic box is provided with a black shading cloth 2 to block the light irradiating into the root environment, the upper edge of the black shading cloth 2 is sewn and fixed on the black rectangular steel ring 3, the upper edge of the black shading cloth 2 is fixed between the top of the hydroponic box and the transparent heat insulation cover 13, and the black rectangular steel ring 3 is driven by the screw lifting platform 4 to move up and down to block the light for the plant roots or expose the plant roots for phenotypic characteristics to be photographed and extracted. The black bottom plate of the hydroponic box 1 is provided with a semiconductor cooling plate 5, a water injection hole 6, a water outlet hole 7 and an air injection hole 8, and the wall of the hydroponic box is provided with a temperature detector 9, a PH detector 10, an oxygen concentration detector 11 and a water level monitor 12; the hydroponic box 1 is provided with a transparent heat insulation cover 13, and the transparent heat insulation cover 13 is provided with a carbon dioxide detector 14, a carbon dioxide air inlet 15 and an exhaust hole 16. A plant seedling bed 17 is provided between the hydroponic box 1 and the transparent heat insulation cover 13 , on which are provided 24 plant growth holes 18 in 4 rows and 6 columns with a hole diameter of 30 mm, the size and number of which can be adjusted according to test requirements. An identity identification QR code 19 is affixed to the outside of the transparent heat insulation cover 13 .

[0045] Among them, the plant seedling bed 17 can be set to a width of 25.2 cm and a length of 40.1 cm in conjunction with the hydroponic box, with a structure of 4 rows and 6 columns of growth holes. It is fixedly set between the hydroponic box 1 and the transparent heat insulation cover 13, and is made of black opaque material to prevent light from entering the hydroponic box below. The several plant growth holes 18 arranged in an array in the middle of the non-light-shielding material of the plant seedling bed 17 can be set to have an inner diameter of 3.1 cm for each growth hole, a row spacing of 2.6 cm between the growth holes, and a column spacing of 3.3 cm. The growth holes are matched with 3.2 cm planting sponges. The hydroponic plants are filled and accommodated in the plant growth holes 18 through the planting sponges. Although the growth holes are hollow, a 3 cm synapse will extend from the lower part of the aperture. The synapse structure directly penetrates into the water surface to contact the nutrient solution water body, thereby directly realizing the temperature conduction to the plants through the nutrient solution temperature. The specifications of the seedbed and the size of the planting sponge can be adjusted according to the actual size of the plant and the needs of the measurement, so as to realize the fixed and uniform arrangement and growth of the plants. At the same time, the row and column spacing between the growth holes can reduce the overlapping and blocking of the plant tissues when the aboveground part of the plant and the root system grow, so as to facilitate the phenotypic image data collection of the plant phenotypic image acquisition device. The seedbed can be made of a thin and light stainless steel material with good thermal conductivity. Each growth hole extends a 3cm skirt along the contour line of each growth hole at the bottom of the seedbed toward the nutrient solution of the hydroponic box. After the plant is transplanted, the plant is fixed in the growth hole by the planting sponge. The planting sponge can block the light from entering the hydroponic box from the growth hole to avoid affecting the growth and development of the root system. The roots of the hydroponic plants inserted into the growth hole grow downward from the bottom of the plant growth hole 18 and are immersed in the nutrient solution in the hydroponic box 1. Since our equipment mainly controls the temperature in the box indirectly by controlling the water temperature, the skirts extending downward from each growth hole can allow the metal structure of the seedbed to directly contact the water to facilitate the temperature conduction in the incubator. Therefore, compared with the method of air isolation between the seedbed and the water surface, the present application directly inserts the plant growth hole made of metal into the water to directly utilize the thermal conductivity of the metal, improve the efficiency of heat conduction, and better achieve the uniformity of the ambient temperature in the plant incubator. In addition, since the structure of the skirt at the bottom of the plant growth hole can increase the contact area between the metal and the liquid, the contact area increases, and the direct action range of heat conduction becomes larger, so the seedbed structure of the present application can further improve the thermal conductivity of the entire hydroponic box. When used specifically, the seedbed can be painted with electroplated matte black paint. After the plant is fixed under the planting sponge, the upper plane of each growth hole of the seedbed will also be covered with black stickers, which cooperates with the black shading cloth and the black bottom plate of the hydroponic box to meet the requirements of the light-proof conditions required for root growth; the use of the planting sponge and the black sticker forms a relatively closed isolation layer, which can better achieve the separation of the aboveground part of the plant and the root gas environment.

[0046] In order to form a microclimate in the hydroponic box 1 that is not affected by external environmental conditions, the present application may further set the hydroponic box body to be composed of a double-layer acrylic plate, a vacuum is set between the two layers of plate, and a concave structure is set on the upper edge of the wall of the hydroponic box 1 accordingly, and the concave structure is riveted with the bottom of the transparent heat insulation cover 13, so that the concave structure on the upper edge of the wall of the hydroponic box 1 surrounds the bottom edge of the transparent heat insulation cover 13, and the hydroponic box and the transparent heat insulation cover are connected as a whole to form a closed cavity space, thereby shielding the external environment from affecting the microenvironment gas concentration and water temperature and other factors, forming a plant growth environment that is insensitive to changes in the external environment. In order to achieve a better heat preservation effect, the present application may further set the transparent heat insulation cover 13 in a similar manner to a double-layer vacuum sealing structure to provide heat preservation and sealing effects.

[0047] Among them, in order to examine the influence of various gas environments on plant growth, the present application can also be provided with carbon dioxide inlet holes 15, exhaust holes 16 and carbon dioxide detectors 14 in the side walls of the transparent heat insulation cover 13, and each water injection hole 6 and air injection hole 8 is provided with a flow control valve, and the injection flow rate and flow velocity can be connected to the main control station V to achieve precise and independent control. The main control station V outputs instructions to detect the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant culture box I and triggers the carbon dioxide inlet holes 15 and exhaust holes 16 to replace the gas, regulate the injection flow rate and flow of carbon dioxide, and meet the carbon dioxide concentration regulation requirements; the bottom of the hydroponic box 1 is provided with a water oxygen detector, a water injection hole 6, a water outlet hole 7, an air injection hole 8 and a semiconductor refrigeration plate 5, which is connected to the main control station V to inject the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution reserve supply device II according to the instructions of the main control station V, replace the liquid in the hydroponic box 1 and inject nitrogen into the nutrient solution in the hydroponic box 1 and / or cool the nutrient solution in the hydroponic box 1; the side wall of the hydroponic box 1 is provided with a water level The monitor 12, oxygen concentration detector 11, pH detector 10, and temperature detector 9 are connected to the main control station V to provide a sensor signal to the main control station V to trigger the main control station to issue a command to inject the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution reserve supply device II through the water injection hole when the water level of the hydroponic box 1 is too low, output a command to inject oxygen through the air injection hole 8 when the oxygen concentration is too low, output a command to replace the liquid in the hydroponic box 1 when the pH value exceeds the preset range, issue a command to exchange the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution reserve supply device II through the water injection hole when the temperature is too low, and output a command to cool the nutrient solution in the hydroponic box 1 through the semiconductor refrigeration chip 5 when the temperature is too high. The semiconductor refrigeration chip 5 can be a safe refrigeration device with a refrigeration temperature range of 0-25°C and a refrigeration accuracy of ±1°C. The sensor detection devices between each hydroponic box unit are independent of each other, and the inlet and outlet of the nutrient solution in each hydroponic box are realized through a separate pipeline, which can realize the separate monitoring of each hydroponic box, and feed back the information detected in each independent hydroponic box to the main control console. After calculation, by replacing the nutrient solution in the corresponding hydroponic box separately, the temperature can be controlled separately to achieve high and low temperature stress and meet the water oxygen concentration adjustment requirements, so as to realize the low oxygen stress simulation field waterlogging stress test requirements. Based on this technology, when salt stress, heavy metal stress or PEG6000 simulation drought stress is required, a specific solution that can reflect the above stress conditions can be configured in the nutrient solution reserve supply device in advance, and the plant hydroponic box that needs to replace the nutrient solution with stress components is specified in the main control console. The solution is pumped into the specified box by a water pump, and the above growth environment can be simulated by replacing the set proportion of salt-containing nutrient solution, heavy metal-containing nutrient solution or PEG6000-containing nutrient solution in the box. When it is necessary to simulate hypoxic flooding stress, an appropriate amount of nitrogen is injected into the nutrient solution through the air injection holes to replace the oxygen in the water, thereby simulating the environment of hypoxic flooding stress for plants.During this process, the oxygen content of the water body is monitored by the oxygen concentration detector 11, and nitrogen is added in time when the oxygen content increases to ensure a low oxygen stress environment for the nutrient solution.

[0048] In order to ensure that the bottom of the hydroponic box 1 is not transparent and does not affect the growth and development of the plant roots inside, the present application can set the bottom of the hydroponic box to be a black opaque material, and set its side walls to be a double-layer hollow acrylic plate to facilitate the direct shooting and extraction of root phenotypes through the hydroponic box. The bottom of the hydroponic box 1 is concave to form an inverted quadrangular pyramid shape. In order to block the light at the root position, the present application can refer to Figure 3 The shading device is configured to include: a shading cloth 2, the top of which is fixedly arranged on the upper edge of the wall of the hydroponic box 1 and completely surrounds the outer periphery of the hydroponic box 1; a steel ring 3, which is sewn and fixedly arranged on the lower edge of the bottom of the shading cloth 2 and surrounds the outer periphery of the hydroponic box 1; a screw lifting platform 4, which is respectively arranged on the outside of each hydroponic box 1, fixedly connected to the steel ring 3, and is realized by connecting the linear guide slide with a ball screw. When the ball screw in the screw lifting platform 4 rotates forward, it drives the linear guide slide The connected steel ring 3 moves from bottom to top along the height direction of the hydroponic box 1, and shrinks the shading cloth 2 from a blocking state to a disassembled state so that the shooting equipment can directly observe and shoot the roots of the hydroponic plants in the hydroponic box 1 through the light-transmitting material; when the ball screw in the screw lifting platform 4 rotates in the opposite direction, it drives the steel ring 3 to move from top to bottom along the height direction of the hydroponic box 1, and lowers the shading cloth 2 from a disassembled state to a blocking state to prevent external light from passing through the light-transmitting material and affecting the dark environment required for shooting the growth of the roots of the hydroponic plants in the hydroponic box 1.

[0049] In the specific implementation, the present application can further adopt the nutrient solution storage supply device II Figure 5 The structure shown has its main frame set as a black, opaque water tank with scale lines, which is installed on the outside of the plant culture box group. A water pump 20 and a constant temperature heating module 21 can be provided in the nutrient solution reserve supply device, and the nutrient solution is pumped into each independent hydroponic box 1 through a number of independent connecting pipes 22 to achieve the replacement of the nutrient solution or stress conditions in the hydroponic box. Among them, the constant temperature heating module 21 inside the water tank realizes the precise control of the water temperature, with a temperature control range of 20-90°C and a temperature control accuracy of ±1°C. The black water tank structure can prevent the nutrient solution from breeding pollutants such as green algae under light conditions. The water injection hole of each plant culture box and the pipe connection are provided with an electronic valve and a water flow meter, which can accurately control whether the nutrient solution is injected into each plant culture box and the amount of nutrient solution injected under the calculation control of the device master console.

[0050] In specific implementation, the present application can further configure the plant phenotype image acquisition device III to include: four support frames 23 erected at the four corners of the plant culture box I matrix, two longitudinal running frames 24 longitudinally connected between the support frames 23 on both sides, and a transverse running frame 29 arranged across the two longitudinal running frames, the upper surface of the transverse running frame is provided with a ball screw linear guide slide, the guide slide is connected to the scanning frame, the upper surface of the two longitudinal running frames 24 between the support frames 23 is each provided with a ball screw linear guide slide, and the two ends of the transverse running frame 29 are respectively fixed on the two guide slides on the surface of the longitudinal running frame 24, the longitudinal running frame 24 drives the scanning frame to move along the direction of the longitudinal running frame 24 through the movement of the guide slide, and the transverse running frame 29 drives the scanning frame to move along its axial direction through the movement of the guide slide thereon.

[0051] Wherein, the scanning frame includes:

[0052] The top boom is suspended on the guide rail slide of the horizontal running frame.

[0053] A crossbeam is horizontally arranged at the lower end of the top boom, and a multispectral camera 25 and a first-view camera 26 are arranged vertically downward in the middle of the crossbeam for capturing phenotypic images of the tops of the hydroponic plants in each plant culture box I;

[0054] The vertical arm is vertically arranged at both ends of the horizontal beam and connected to the horizontal beam to form a gate structure. A third-view camera 28 is symmetrically arranged horizontally inwardly at the bottom of the vertical arm for photographing the phenotypic image of the root system of the hydroponic plants in each plant culture box Ⅰ. A second-view camera 27 is symmetrically arranged obliquely inwardly at the top of the vertical arm for photographing the phenotypic image of the whole hydroponic plant in each plant culture box Ⅰ at a downward angle of 45°.

[0055] When the size specifications of each hydroponic box in the system and the size specifications of the system frame are fixed, the camera's field of view can be directly adjusted to match the size of the plants in the hydroponic box to ensure that each photo taken can meet the phenotypic extraction requirements. Therefore, this application may choose not to set a lifting mechanism on the above-mentioned scanning frame and running frame to achieve the up and down adjustment of the shooting angle range.

[0056] In the present application, the scanning frame may be specifically provided with a multispectral camera 25 for vertical downward shooting, a first-view camera 26 for shooting the top of the plant, a pair of second-view cameras 27 for shooting the structural features of the plant at an angle of 45° downward, and a pair of third-view cameras 28 for horizontally shooting the root structure of the whole plant. The first-view camera 26, the second-view camera 27, and the third-view camera 28 are all high-definition RGB cameras, which are convenient for the subsequent extraction and analysis of phenotypic data. The lenses of each camera are respectively equipped with polarizers, and the camera installation position is determined according to the best imaging effect of the aboveground part and the root system of the plant.

[0057] During the shooting process, the main control console V outputs control instructions accordingly, triggering the LED fluorescent lamp 30 in the auxiliary lighting device IV to provide supplementary lighting during night shooting. During the daytime shooting process, the lighting is directly provided by external light. During the shooting process, the system drives the running frame to move along the guide rail of the supporting frame through the driving mechanism provided between the running frame and the supporting frame, and the scanning frame drives each camera to cooperate with the motion trajectory of the running frame itself to realize the movement in the XY coordinate direction. The experimenter only needs to input the phenotypic image acquisition frequency in the device main control console to control the plant phenotypic image acquisition device to obtain the in-situ phenotypic image data of the aboveground part and root system of the plant in multiple phases. After the shooting is completed, the red light 31 and the blue light 32 in the auxiliary lighting device IV installed on the ceiling of the system can be set by the main control console to provide lighting conditions for plant growth in a non-shooting state. A UV lamp can also be set in the auxiliary lighting device IV, which is not needed during the growth of the plant. It is turned on when sterilization and disinfection is required at the end of each experiment to provide clean and sterile experimental conditions for new experiments. The main control console V can adjust the light intensity, lighting time, red and blue light ratio and day and night cycle of each light group according to experimental requirements.

[0058] Considering the ease of operation during actual use, in the specific implementation, the present application can further install the device control console on one side of the plant culture box group. The device control console is connected to each plant culture box, nutrient solution reserve supply device, plant phenotypic image acquisition device and auxiliary lighting device in the system. The device control console is mainly composed of a single-chip microcomputer, a data conversion module, a signal conversion module, a display screen, a mouse and keyboard, etc. It is used to: a) receive and display real-time images, temperature and humidity, carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations, and nutrient solution pH value in each plant culture box, b) adjust and control the supply and replacement of nutrient solution, c) calculate and adjust the temperature and carbon dioxide concentration of the microenvironment in the plant culture box through feedback from each sensor in the plant culture box I, d) control the lifting and lowering of the plant phenotypic image acquisition device III and the screw lifting platform 4 to collect plant phenotypic images and store environmental and image data. The experimenter can operate on the display screen and input instructions to the device's main console to let the device build the environment required for the experiment. After receiving the instructions, the signal conversion module will collect the current device status information collected by various sensors in the device. The single-chip machine will calculate according to the input instructions and the device information collected by the signal conversion module, combined with the algorithm inside the device, to generate the operation instructions that should be performed under the device state, and then control each device module to implement the operation, and build a unified or different hydroponic plant growth environment for each plant incubator according to the experimental requirements and maintain the stability of the environment.

[0059] When executing the plant phenotypic image acquisition instruction, the device control console will control the plant phenotypic image acquisition device to complete the phenotypic image acquisition operation that meets the requirements of the input instruction. When acquiring the phenotypic image, the device control console will first control the screw lifting platform to rise from the bottom of the hydroponic box until the black light-shielding cloth moves to the upper limit, so that the roots of the plants in the hydroponic box are completely exposed to the camera field of view. Subsequently, the device control console controls the operating structure to move the plant phenotypic image acquisition device to the plant image acquisition site to acquire the phenotypic images of the plant's aboveground part and root system, and simultaneously stores the phenotypic image data and the data of each sensor during data acquisition. After the phenotypic image acquisition is completed, the device control console controls the operating structure to move the plant phenotypic image acquisition device to the edge of the supporting structure to prevent the operating structure from blocking the light of the plant and hindering the normal growth of the plant. In order to minimize the impact of light on the root growth of plants in the plant incubator, reduce experimental errors, and avoid the generation of green algae in the nutrient solution induced by light, the image acquisition method of the present invention creatively adopts a one-by-one method, that is, after each phenotypic image data of a plant incubator is collected, the screw lifting platform of the plant incubator will quickly descend to re-form a dark environment away from light, and the light shield of the next plant incubator will rise after the previous phenotypic image collection is completed, waiting for collection.

[0060] During the collection process, in order to facilitate the subsequent retrieval of the plant conditions in a specific growth cycle under a specific environment, the present application can also be identified by the identity identification QR code 19 corresponding to each plant culture box I pasted on the transparent heat insulation cover 13. After determining the identity of the collection target, the main control station V stores the real-time images of the hydroponic plants in each plant culture box taken by the plant phenotype image collection device III according to the following steps:

[0061] The first step is to create a unique identification string and a first-level folder for the plant phenotypic feature images collected by the plant phenotypic image acquisition device III according to the camera category and camera position. In each subsequent acquisition process, a first-level folder matching the shooting device number and its current shooting position will be searched first. If it cannot be found, a new first-level folder will be created accordingly.

[0062] The second step is to create a number of corresponding secondary folders in the primary folder according to the identification QR code 19, and search for a matching secondary folder according to the QR code information identified in each acquisition, or create a new one when no matching folder is found to store the plant phenotype image in the corresponding plant culture box taken by the camera;

[0063] The third step is to store the real-time images of the hydroponic plants taken by the camera in the secondary folder, and name the images according to the camera number, current shooting position, shooting date and shooting time. The naming method of the phenotypic images is: camera category + camera position + shooting date + shooting time.

[0064] When you need to retrieve the corresponding phenotypic pictures, you can directly retrieve them according to the camera angle, shooting time, date and plant range to obtain the relevant original data. When comparing phenotypic data, you can directly trace back and retrieve the environmental control data at that time according to the image file name to clarify the various environmental conditions in the hydroponic box at that time.

[0065] In summary, the present invention accurately obtains the environmental parameters of each incubator through the sensors inside each plant incubator, thereby adjusting the internal environment of each incubator accordingly, realizing independent and precise control of the environment inside each incubator, and realizing the construction of multiple habitat scenes under the same equipment scene; the present invention constructs a set of plant phenotypic image acquisition devices including a multi-angle and multi-directional RGB camera group and a multi-spectral camera outside the incubator, which moves according to the set trajectory in the aisles between the incubators under the control of the driving device, and simultaneously collects multi-spectral images and RGB images of the stems and leaves of the plants and RGB images of the roots of the plants, and realizes the dynamic and continuous acquisition of the phenotypic characteristics of the aboveground parts and roots of the plants under multiple different growth environment conditions without destroying the plants, and automatically and efficiently records the influence of different environmental factors on growth-related phenotypic parameters such as plant height, greenness, vegetation index, leaf area and root length.

[0066] This application realizes the construction of plant multi-habitat scenes under the same equipment by constructing independent plant culture boxes under the same equipment, and can use the same set of equipment to conduct comparative tests of different environmental factors on the same batch of hydroponic plants. During the experiment, the plant culture box can achieve the creation of a microhabitat through a heat insulation device, a sealing structure, a matching environmental perception sensor and an environmental adjustment device. Due to the small regulation range and fine regulation, the present invention is more efficient and accurate in regulating environmental factors in the plant culture box. It can independently adjust the carbon dioxide concentration and ambient temperature in each plant culture box, add salt, heavy metals, PEG6000 (high osmotic solute) and other substances to the nutrient solution in each plant culture box, inject nitrogen, etc., to conduct multiple carbon dioxide concentration effects, high and low temperature stress, salt stress, heavy metal stress, osmotic (drought) stress and hypoxia stress and other abiotic adversities on plant phenotypic characteristics and physiological parameters.

[0067] The present invention configures the hydroponic box to have a transparent box wall structure, and is equipped with a hydroponic box shading cloth and a screw lifting platform, which can facilitate the collection of root phenotype images while ensuring that the root shading requirements are met.

[0068] The present invention adopts the Sensor to Plant approach, by suspending a running structure above a plant incubator and arranging cameras at different positions of the running structure, so as to automatically perform high-throughput, multi-habitat in-situ dynamic collection of image data of aboveground and root phenotypes of plants.

[0069] The above is only an implementation method of the present application, and its description is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which all belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A system for regulating the growth environment of hydroponic plants and collecting phenotypic images, characterized in that: include: At least one plant cultivation box (I), the bottom of which is provided with a hydroponic box (1) made of a light-transmitting material, the top of the hydroponic box (1) is sealed and connected with a transparent heat-insulating cover (13), a closed cavity is formed between the hydroponic box (1) and the transparent heat-insulating cover (13) for the growth of hydroponic plants, and each hydroponic box (1) is also detachably provided with a shading device on its periphery, the shading device keeps the interior of the hydroponic box (1) in a dark state in a shading state, and the roots of the hydroponic plants in the hydroponic box (1) can be directly observed and photographed through the light-transmitting material in a detached state; The nutrient solution storage and supply device (II) is provided with a constant temperature heating module (21) inside to maintain the temperature of the nutrient solution within a temperature control range, and is externally connected to each hydroponic box (1) via a connecting pipe (22) and a water pump (20) provided on the connecting pipe (22) to supply the nutrient solution into the hydroponic box (1); A plant phenotype image acquisition device (III), comprising a support frame (23) erected outside a plant culture box (I), an operating frame connected between the support frames (23), and a scanning frame arranged on the operating frame, wherein the width of the scanning frame is set to be greater than the maximum width of the plant culture box (I) and less than the spacing distance between adjacent plant culture boxes (I), and a plurality of shooting devices are arranged in the scanning frame, and the shooting devices synchronously shoot the phenotype images of the hydroponic plants in each plant culture box (I) during the process of synchronously moving along the operating frame with the scanning frame; An auxiliary lighting device (IV) is mounted on the top of the support frame (23) and covers each plant culture box (I). The auxiliary lighting device (IV) is provided with LED fluorescent lamps (30), red lights (31) and blue lights (32) that are evenly spaced and arranged, and is used to adjust the light intensity, light time, day and night cycle and red and blue light ratio of the plant culture box (I); The main control console (V) is respectively connected to each plant culture box (I), the nutrient solution reserve supply device (II), the plant phenotype image acquisition device (III) and the auxiliary lighting device (IV), and is used to receive, display and store the real-time images of the hydroponic plants in each plant culture box taken by the plant phenotype image acquisition device (III), calculate and record the microenvironment data in each plant culture box, and adjust the temperature and humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, oxygen concentration in each plant culture box (I), and replace the nutrient solution supply; The bottom of the hydroponic box (1) is provided with a black light-proof material; the light-shielding device comprises: A shade cloth (2) whose top is fixedly arranged on the upper edge of the wall of the hydroponic box (1) and completely surrounds the outer periphery of the hydroponic box (1); a steel ring (3) which is sewn and fixedly arranged on the lower edge of the bottom of the shade cloth (2) and surrounds the outer periphery of the hydroponic box (1); The screw lifting platform (4) is respectively arranged on the outside of each hydroponic box (1) and is fixedly connected to the steel ring (3). When the screw in the screw lifting platform (4) rotates in the forward direction, it drives the steel ring (3) to move from bottom to top along the height direction of the hydroponic box (1), and shrinks the shading cloth (2) from a blocking state to a disassembled state so that the camera can directly observe and shoot the roots of the hydroponic plants in the hydroponic box (1) through the light-transmitting material; when the screw in the screw lifting platform (4) rotates in the reverse direction, it drives the steel ring (3) to move from top to bottom along the height direction of the hydroponic box (1), and shrinks the shading cloth (2) from a disassembled state to a blocking state so as to prevent external light from passing through the light-transmitting material and affecting the dark environment required for the growth of the roots of the hydroponic plants in the hydroponic box (1). in, The side wall of the transparent heat-insulating cover (13) is also provided with a carbon dioxide inlet hole (15), an exhaust hole (16) and a carbon dioxide detector (14), and the carbon dioxide inlet hole (15), the exhaust hole (16) and the carbon dioxide detector (14) are all connected to the main control console (V), and detect the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant culture box (I) according to the instructions of the main control console (V) and trigger the carbon dioxide inlet hole (15) and the exhaust hole (16) to control the carbon dioxide concentration in the box; The bottom of the hydroponic box (1) is provided with a water injection hole (6), a water outlet hole (7), an air injection hole (8) and a semiconductor cooling plate (5), and the water injection hole (6), the water outlet hole (7), the air injection hole (8) and the semiconductor cooling plate (5) are all connected to the main control console (V) so as to inject nutrient solution in the nutrient solution reserve supply device (II) according to the instruction of the main control console (V), replace the liquid in the hydroponic box (1) and inject nitrogen into the nutrient solution in the hydroponic box (1) and / or control the temperature of the nutrient solution in the hydroponic box (1); the side wall of the hydroponic box (1) is provided with a water level monitor (12), an oxygen concentration detector (11), a pH detector (10) and a temperature detector (9), and the water level monitor (12), The oxygen concentration detector (11), the pH detector (10), and the temperature detector (9) are all connected to the main control console (V) to provide a sensing signal to the main control console (V) to trigger the main control console to issue a command to inject the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution reserve supply device (II) through the water injection hole when the water level in the hydroponic box (1) is too low, to output a command to inject nitrogen through the gas injection hole (8) to maintain a low oxygen environment when the nitrogen concentration is too low, to output a command to replace the liquid in the hydroponic box (1) when the pH value exceeds a preset range, to issue a command to exchange the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution reserve supply device (II) through the water injection hole when the temperature is too low, and to output a command to cool the nutrient solution in the hydroponic box (1) through the semiconductor refrigeration plate (5) when the temperature is too high.

2. The system for controlling the growth environment of hydroponic plants and collecting phenotypic images according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the plant cultivation box (I), a plant seedling bed (17) is fixedly arranged between the hydroponic box (1) and the transparent heat insulation cover (13); the plant seedling bed (17) is a light-shielding material, and a plurality of plant growth holes (18) are arranged in an array therebetween; hydroponic plants are accommodated in the plant growth holes (18); the roots of the hydroponic plants grow downward from the bottom of the plant growth holes (18) and are immersed in the nutrient solution in the hydroponic box (1).

3. The system for controlling the growth environment of hydroponic plants and collecting phenotypic images as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The hydroponic box (1) is composed of a double-layer acrylic plate, and a vacuum is set between the two layers of the plate; The upper edge of the wall of the hydroponic box (1) is provided with a concave structure, which is riveted to the bottom of the transparent heat insulation cover (13). The concave structure on the upper edge of the wall of the hydroponic box (1) surrounds the bottom edge of the transparent heat insulation cover (13), and the hydroponic box and the transparent heat insulation cover are connected as a whole to form a closed cavity space. The transparent heat insulation cover (13) is a double-layer vacuum sealing structure.

4. The system for controlling the growth environment of hydroponic plants and collecting phenotypic images according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant phenotype image acquisition device (III) comprises: four support frames (23) erected at the four corners of the matrix of the plant culture box (I), two longitudinal running frames (24) longitudinally connected between the support frames (23) on both sides, and a transverse running frame (29) transversely arranged between the two longitudinal running frames, wherein a ball screw linear guide slide is arranged on the upper surface of the transverse running frame, and a scanning frame is connected to the ball screw linear guide slide, and a ball screw linear guide slide is respectively arranged on the upper surface of the two longitudinal running frames (24) between the support frames (23), and the two ends of the transverse running frame (29) are respectively fixed on the two ball screw linear guide slides on the surface of the longitudinal running frame (24), and the longitudinal running frame (24) drives the scanning frame to move along the direction of the longitudinal running frame (24) through the movement of the ball screw linear guide slide, and the transverse running frame (29) drives the scanning frame to move along its axial direction through the movement of the ball screw linear guide slide thereon.

5. The system for controlling the growth environment of hydroponic plants and collecting phenotypic images as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The scanning frame includes: A top boom, which is suspended from a ball screw linear guide slide on a lateral running frame; A crossbeam is horizontally arranged at the lower end of the top boom, and a multispectral camera (25) and a first-view camera (26) are arranged vertically downward in the middle of the crossbeam for capturing phenotypic images of the tops of the hydroponic plants in each plant culture box (I); A vertical arm is vertically arranged at both ends of the horizontal beam and connected to the horizontal beam to form a gate structure. A third-view camera (28) is symmetrically arranged horizontally inwardly at the bottom of the vertical arm for photographing the phenotypic image of the root system of the hydroponic plant in each plant cultivation box (I). A second-view camera (27) is symmetrically arranged obliquely inwardly at the top of the vertical arm for photographing the phenotypic image of the whole hydroponic plant in each plant cultivation box (I) at a downward angle of 45°.

6. The system for controlling the growth environment of hydroponic plants and collecting phenotypic images as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The lenses of the multi-spectral camera (25), the first-viewing angle camera (26), the second-viewing angle camera (27) and the third-viewing angle camera (28) are respectively equipped with polarizing filters; During the shooting process, the main control console (V) outputs control instructions accordingly, triggering the LED fluorescent lamp (30) in the auxiliary lighting device (IV) to provide fill light during the shooting process, and triggering the red light (31) and the blue light (32) in the auxiliary lighting device (IV) to provide lighting conditions for plant growth in a non-shooting state.

7. The system for controlling the growth environment of hydroponic plants and collecting phenotypic images as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The side walls of the hydroponic box (1) are arranged as double-layer hollow acrylic plates, and the bottom of the hydroponic box (1) is concave to form an inverted quadrangular pyramid shape.

8. The system for controlling the growth environment of hydroponic plants and collecting phenotypic images according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The transparent heat-insulating cover (13) is also pasted with an identification two-dimensional code (19) corresponding to each plant cultivation box (I). The main control console (V) stores the real-time image of the hydroponic plants in each plant cultivation box taken by the plant phenotype image acquisition device (III) according to the following steps: The first step is to find or create a first-level folder that matches the shooting device number and its current shooting location; The second step is to search or create a second-level folder in the first-level folder according to the identity identification QR code (19); The third step is to store the real-time images of the hydroponic plants taken by the shooting device in the secondary folder, and name the images according to the shooting device number, current shooting location and shooting time.

Images