A new composite melting and casting preparation of powder column processing device and processing technology

Abstract

The present invention discloses a novel composite melt-casting preparation of explosive column processing device and processing technology, including an inflation and pressurization component, a riser funnel, and a charge column molding mold. The inflation and pressurization component is composed of a gas tank, a pressure gauge, and an air valve. The top of the gas tank is provided with an observation window, a pressure gauge is provided on one side wall of the gas tank, and an air valve is provided on the other side wall symmetrically. The present invention has the advantages of high safety in the drug slurry mixing process, good mixing uniformity, high density of the charge column, avoiding the generation of coarse crystallization, shrinkage holes, pores, cracks and other charging defects in the process of charge column molding, good quality of the charge column, high production efficiency, etc., and a wide range of applications. It can produce charge columns with diameters ranging from 50mm to 500mm, realizes the refined, safe and efficient preparation of high-solid content and high-density melt-cast explosive columns, solves the technical problems affecting the mixing safety of high-viscosity and high-energy melt-cast explosives and the casting molding quality of charge columns, and meets the charging requirements of conventional high-efficiency damage ammunition warheads.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of preparing powder columns in ammunition warhead charges, and specifically relates to a novel composite melting and casting powder column processing device and a processing technology. Background Art

[0002] Warhead charging refers to processing explosives into a column with a certain shape, strength and density, and fixing it in the warhead; or the explosives can be directly loaded into the warhead and processed into a charge that meets the requirements. The former is called "indirect charging" and the latter is called "direct charging". The commonly used charging methods at present are: melt-cast charging method, pressure charging method, spiral charging method, step-by-step pressure charging method, plastic charging method, and pouring charging method. Among them, the melt-cast charging method is a charging method in which solid explosives are melted into liquid, injected into the chamber of the projectile, cooled and solidified, or first injected into a column forming mold to form a column, and then loaded into the chamber of the projectile. Melt-cast charging is a physical phase change process. This charging method is not limited by the shape and caliber of the projectile chamber, and is widely used in loading grenades, armor-piercing shells, aerial bombs, mines and missile warheads. Melt-cast explosives refer to mixed explosives that can be cast in a molten state. At least one of the components of cast explosives should be a fusible explosive, and the vapor of the fusible explosive should be non-toxic or of low toxicity, and can be maintained for a long time at a temperature slightly higher than the melting point of the fusible explosive without obvious decomposition. This type of explosive usually contains the following components: fusible explosive; explosives or other components that are still solid or mostly solid at the melting point of the fusible explosive to increase the explosion energy; desensitizers to reduce mechanical sensitivity; additives to improve fluidity, uniformity and chemical stability. Cast mixed explosives are usually prepared by mixing solid phase hexogen and octogen high energy explosive particles with fusible explosive liquid carriers such as TNT, DNAN (2,4-dinitroanisole), and TNAZ (1,3,3-trinitroazetidine) molten slurry. Most of the cast-type mixed explosives are TNT / HNT, TNT / HNT / Al mixed explosives with TNT as carrier, TNT / Octogenin mixed explosives, and new insensitive cast-type mixed explosives composed of DNAN or TNAZ and RDX and Octogenin. Cast-type explosives are usually manufactured with equipment equipped with heating jackets and stirring paddles, and mixed until they have appropriate fluidity, and then injected into the projectile, or first injected into a molding mold to form a column and then loaded into the projectile; cast-type explosives are a type of military mixed explosives that are currently widely used. The power of this type of explosive is mainly determined by the content of high-energy explosives in it. With the development of conventional high-efficiency damage ammunition warhead technology, increasing the content of RDX and Octogenin high-energy solid-phase explosive particle components in these mixed explosives can effectively improve the explosive power and launch safety of the explosives, and is an important way to achieve high-efficiency damage targets in the warhead. Therefore, all countries are studying how to increase the content of solid-phase high-energy explosives in cast-type explosives. However, as the content of solid particles in these mixed explosives increases, the proportion of liquid carriers will decrease accordingly, the viscosity of the explosive slurry will increase, the fluidity of the slurry will deteriorate, and the mixed explosive will be in a viscous state, making it difficult to mix the components of the explosives evenly, and the castability will become worse and worse, so that it cannot be cast. Due to the high viscosity, defects such as pores and shrinkage holes will appear in the explosive column, resulting in poor charging quality.The high viscosity of the slurry also intensifies the friction between the explosive particles during the mixing process, which can easily cause combustion and explosion accidents, and bring safety hazards to the mixed production of explosives. Therefore, in the mixed explosives used in the ordinary melt-casting charging method, the solid content of RDX or octogen is generally not more than 60%, and the dynamic viscosity is generally below 1800Pa·s. Moreover, if the viscosity of the slurry is high, a large number of bubbles will be mixed into the explosives during the mixing process, resulting in a decrease in the density of the mixed explosives. The actual density of the explosive column can only reach 95% of the theoretical density, and the density uniformity is poor. The density deviation of each part is only ±0.010g / cm3, which affects the strength of the column after the slurry solidifies, and the quality of the column is difficult to guarantee. If the content of high-energy solid-phase explosive in the melt-cast mixed explosive is increased to more than 80%, the explosive power can be increased by more than 20%, but the dynamic viscosity of the explosive slurry will reach more than 2300Pa·s, which makes it difficult to mix the various components in the explosive evenly, the charging process is poor, and the column is difficult to cast, which seriously affects the processability and safety of explosive mixing and casting; usually in the process of preparing the column by the melt-cast charging method, after the liquid explosive is injected into the column forming mold, the phase change process from liquid phase to solid phase is difficult to control, so it is accompanied by coarse crystallization, shrinkage, pores, cracks, low charging density, difficult to control the quality of the column, poor processability, and special solutions are needed to overcome the defects brought by the ordinary melt-casting process. In addition, the maintenance time of the pharmaceutical column by the melt-cast charging method is long, usually 2 to 3 days, resulting in a long production cycle of the column and low production efficiency. Therefore, how to ensure the uniformity and mixing safety of each component in the mixed high solid content and high viscosity melt-cast mixed explosive, how to ensure that no bubbles are mixed into the explosive during mixing and casting, and avoid the generation of coarse crystallization, shrinkage holes, air holes, and cracks in the process of forming the explosive column, thereby improving the density and quality consistency of the explosive column, and how to shorten the production cycle and improve production efficiency have become technical problems that need to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and to provide a new composite melt-casting device and process for preparing charge columns, which has a high degree of safety in the mixing process, good mixing uniformity, high density of the charge columns and avoids the generation of coarse crystals, shrinkage holes, pores and cracks in the charge column forming process.

[0004] A novel composite melting and casting device for preparing charge processing comprises an inflation and pressurization component, a riser funnel and a charge forming mold, the inflation and pressurization component consists of a gas storage tank, a pressure gauge and an air valve, an observation window is provided on the top of the gas storage tank, a pressure gauge is provided on one side wall of the gas storage tank, and an air valve is provided on the other side wall symmetrically, a splint is provided at the bottom of the gas storage tank, a clamping bolt is provided in the middle of the splint, and an air-sealing rubber ring is provided between the splints, a riser funnel is connected below the inflation and pressurization component, a leakage hole is opened on the inner bottom plate of the riser funnel, a charge forming mold is connected below the riser funnel, a bottom plate is provided at the bottom of the charge forming mold, a prefabricated scaled charge placement platform is provided above the inner bottom plate of the charge forming mold, a prefabricated scaled charge placement platform is provided with a prefabricated scaled charge, and a cooling water tank is connected below the bottom plate at the bottom of the charge forming mold.

[0005] A novel composite melting and casting process for preparing a drug column comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Optimize the formula of melt-cast mixed explosives; use explosive particle grading and crystal spheroidization technology to increase the solid explosive content in the melt-cast explosive from 60% to more than 80% while reducing the viscosity of the slurry;

[0007] Step 2: adding functional additives to the mixed explosive to improve fluidity, uniformity and chemical stability; preventing coarse crystallization, shrinkage, defect holes, pores and cracks in the preparation process of the explosive column, and improving the quality of the explosive column;

[0008] Step 3: Optimize the explosive melting and mixing preparation process; use a new vacuum paddleless mixing equipment to achieve safe and efficient mixing of high-viscosity melt-cast explosives. Increase the density of the mixed explosives and shorten the explosive melting and mixing time;

[0009] Step 4: Optimize the explosive casting process; the obtained explosive column has uniform structure, high density, and no shrinkage cavity, and can produce explosive columns of various sizes ranging from 50mm to 500mm in diameter;

[0010] Step 5: Use vacuum vibration casting method to cast high viscosity melt-cast explosive for secondary casting, eliminate pores in the explosive column, increase charge density, and further increase the actual density of the explosive column;

[0011] Step 6: The temperature of the cast slurry is controlled in a zoned gradient from bottom to top, so that the slurry in the lower part of the mold solidifies quickly, and the slurry in the upper part does not solidify under the action of the hot water pipe and the riser funnel, and the slurry is continuously added to the shrinkage holes in the lower part;

[0012] Step 7: Vibration stirring and crystallization treatment is performed on the cast slurry. Vibration stirring can accelerate the cooling of the explosive to promote the formation of crystal nuclei and improve the quality of the explosive column;

[0013] Step 8: Use the pressurized post-treatment process to refine the drug slurry; shorten the solidification time of the charge, eliminate shrinkage holes, coarse crystals and looseness, and shorten the nursing time from 2 to 3 days of ordinary melting and casting to less than 1 day, so that the actual density of the drug column is finally increased to 98% to 99% of the theoretical density, and the density deviation can be controlled within ±0.002g / cm3;

[0014] Step nine: Use insensitive polymer material coating technology to coat the surface of the grain to improve the safety of grain use, storage, maintenance and launch.

[0015] The riser funnel is a double-layer design, a steam heating chamber is formed between the inner layer and the outer layer of the riser funnel, a steam inlet and a steam outlet connected to the steam heating chamber are respectively arranged on the outer wall of the riser funnel, and a temperature controller for monitoring the temperature of the steam heating chamber is arranged on the outer wall of the riser funnel.

[0016] Sealing gaskets are arranged between the inflation and pressurization component, the riser funnel, the charge column forming mold and the bottom plate arranged at the bottom of the charge column forming mold.

[0017] A heating coil is arranged on the outer wall of the drug column forming mold.

[0018] In the step 1, in order to solve the problem that the solid content of hexachlorobenzene or octogenin in ordinary melt-cast mixed explosives is low and affects the power of explosives, the explosive particle grading and crystal spheroidization technology are used to optimize the formula of the melt-cast mixed explosives, increase the solid phase explosive content in the melt-cast explosives from 60% to more than 80%, and reduce the dynamic viscosity of the slurry from 2300Pa·s to less than 2000Pa·s, thereby improving the fluidity of the explosive slurry and making the high-viscosity molten explosive slurry easier to mix evenly; in the step 2, an additive with good performance is added to the explosive to improve the charging performance and prevent the explosive from being mixed during the preparation of the explosive column. The coarse crystals, shrinkage cavities, defects, pores and cracks that appear are removed to improve the quality of the explosive column. The additive with good performance added to the explosive is any one of calcium phosphate, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, o-nitrotoluene, p-nitrotoluene and hexanitrostilbene; in step three, a vacuum paddle-free mixing device is used to achieve safe and efficient mixing of 2000Pa·s high-viscosity melt-cast explosives, avoiding the severe friction between the blades and the explosive particles during the mixing process when using conventional paddle mixing equipment, ensuring the safety of the mixing process, and the mixing uniformity reaches a standard deviation less than 0.5% of the aluminum powder content analysis value.During the mixing process, the explosive slurry in the pot is vacuumed to increase the actual density of the explosive to 96% of the theoretical density. The density deviation can be controlled from ±0.01g / cm3 to ±0.005g / cm3, and the melting and mixing time of the explosive can be controlled within 60min. In step 4, the prefabricated scaled-down column set method is used for column composite casting. First, 1 / 4 to 1 / 5 of the height of the mold barrel is injected into the mold, and then one or more prefabricated scaled-down columns are placed. After the slurry solidifies and the scaled-down columns are fixed, secondary casting is performed to produce various diameters ranging from 50mm to 500mm. In step 5, vacuum vibration casting is used to cast high-viscosity melt-cast explosives for the second time to eliminate pores in the explosives and increase the charge density, so that the actual density of the explosives is increased to 97% of the theoretical density, and a high-quality explosive with uniform structure, high density, fine crystals and no bubbles is obtained; in step 6, the lower half of the mold is placed in a cold water tank at room temperature, hot water with a temperature of 60°C to 70°C is passed through the hot water hose wrapped around the upper half of the mold, 0.1MPa steam is passed through the riser funnel jacket, and the heating temperature is 100°C to 105°C, so as to achieve a zoned gradient temperature from low to high temperature from bottom to top for the cast slurry. Control can make the slurry in the lower part of the mold solidify quickly, while the slurry in the upper part does not solidify under the action of the hot water pipe and the riser funnel, and the slurry is continuously added to the shrinkage hole in the lower part; in step seven, the cast slurry is subjected to vibration stirring crystallization treatment, and the superheated explosive melted in the mold and the riser funnel is stirred with a vibrating stirring rod, the vibration frequency of the stirring rod is 50Hz~60Hz, the amplitude is 0.5mm~1mm, the processing time is 10min, and the cooling is accelerated to promote the generation of crystal nuclei and break up larger crystals to improve the molding quality of the drug column; in step eight, the pressurized post-treatment process is used to refine the slurry In the process of treatment, a pressure of 0.10MPa to 0.15MPa is applied to the molten explosive in the mold and the riser funnel to shorten the solidification time of the charge and eliminate shrinkage cavities, coarse crystals and looseness, thereby shortening the nursing time from 2 to 3 days of ordinary melting and casting to less than 1 day, and through pressure treatment, a density deviation is controlled within ±0.002g / cm3 and a theoretical density of 98% to 99% is obtained. In step nine, the surface of the charge is coated with insensitive polymer material coating technology, and the surface of the charge is coated with unsaturated polyester resin glue with a thickness of 2mm, which can improve the safety of the use, storage, maintenance and launch of the charge.

[0019] The invention has the following beneficial effects: in step 1, in view of the problem that the solid content of hexachlorobenzene or octogenin in common molten-cast mixed explosive is low and affects the power of explosive, the explosive particle grading and crystal spheroidization technology are adopted to increase the solid-phase explosive content in the molten-cast explosive from 60% to more than 80%, and the dynamic viscosity of the slurry is reduced from 2300 Pa·s to less than 2000 Pa·s, thereby effectively improving the fluidity of the explosive slurry and making the high-viscosity molten explosive slurry easier to mix evenly; in step 2, an additive with good performance is added to the explosive to improve the charging performance, thereby effectively avoiding the occurrence of coarse crystallization, shrinkage cavity, defect hole, air hole and crack defects in the explosive column during the preparation process. Thus, the quality of the explosive column is improved; in step 3, a vacuum paddleless mixing device is used to achieve safe and efficient mixing of 2000Pa·s high-viscosity melt-cast explosives, avoiding the occurrence of severe friction between the blades and the explosive particles during the mixing process when using conventional paddle mixing equipment, eliminating potential accidents, ensuring safety during the mixing process, and making each solid-phase explosive component and the liquid-phase carrier fully and evenly mixed, with a mixing uniformity that reaches a standard deviation of less than 0.5% of the aluminum powder content analysis value. During the mixing process, the explosive slurry in the pot is vacuumed to increase the density of the mixed explosive, and the actual density of the explosive is increased to 96% of the theoretical density, and the explosive The density uniformity is good, and the density deviation can be controlled from ±0.01g / cm3 to ±0.005g / cm3. The explosive melting and mixing time can be controlled within 60min, which is half shorter than the conventional paddle melting and mixing time of 120min. In step 4, the prefabricated scaled-down powder column set method is used for powder column composite casting. First, a slurry accounting for 1 / 4 to 1 / 5 of the height of the mold barrel is injected into the mold, and then one or more scaled-down powder columns prefabricated in advance are placed. After the slurry solidifies and the scaled-down powder columns are fixed, secondary casting is performed. In this way, the defects of the powder column caused by the ordinary casting process can be overcome, so that the prepared powder column has a uniform structure, a high density, and no shrinkage holes. Through this process, various sizes of explosives with diameters ranging from 50mm to 500mm can be produced; in step 5, the vacuum vibration casting method is used for secondary casting of high-viscosity melt-cast explosives, which can eliminate the pores in the explosives, improve the charge density, and obtain a better charge structure, so that the actual density of the explosives is further increased to 97% of the theoretical density. This charging method can be used to load mixed explosives with a high solid content to obtain high-quality explosives with uniform structure, high density, fine crystals, and no bubbles; in step 6, by placing the lower half of the mold in a cold water tank at room temperature, passing hot water at a temperature of 60℃ to 70℃ through the hot water hose wrapped around the upper half of the mold, and passing 0.1MPa steam, heating temperature 100℃~105℃, realize the zoned gradient temperature control of the casting slurry from low to high from bottom to top, which can make the slurry in the lower part of the mold solidify quickly, and the slurry in the upper part does not solidify under the action of the hot water pipe and the riser funnel, and continuously replenishes the slurry to the shrinkage hole in the lower part. In step seven, the cast slurry is vibrated and stirred for crystallization. The superheated explosive melted in the mold and the riser funnel is stirred with a vibrating stirring rod. The vibration frequency of the stirring rod is 50Hz~60Hz, the amplitude is 0.5mm~1mm, and the processing time is 10min. Vibration stirring can accelerate the cooling of the explosive to promote the formation of crystal nuclei. In addition, stirring can also break up larger crystals and improve the quality of the powder column molding. In step eight, the pressurized post-treatment process is used to refine the slurry, and a pressure of 0.10MPa to 0.15MPa is applied to the molten explosive in the mold and the riser funnel. The law that the pressure of the molten material increases the melting point is used to solidify the molten explosive. Due to the change in the solidification mechanism, not only the solidification time of the charge is shortened, but also shrinkage cavities, coarse crystals and looseness can be eliminated. Due to the effect of pressure, larger bubbles and pores are eliminated, and the nursing time can be shortened from 2 days to 3 days of ordinary casting. The process is shortened to less than 1 day, and the production efficiency is improved. Since the entire molten explosive system crystallizes at the same time, the crystals are fine and uniform, the powder column is dense, and the porosity is small. The powder column obtained by pressure treatment has a high average density and good structural uniformity, which can ultimately increase the actual density of the powder column to 98% to 99% of the theoretical density, and the density deviation can be further controlled to within ±0.002g / cm3; in step nine, the surface of the powder column is coated with an insensitive polymer material coating technology, and the surface of the powder column is coated with unsaturated polyester resin glue, and the thickness of the glue layer is 2mm, which can improve the safety of the use, storage, maintenance and launch of the powder column. The invention has the advantages of high safety degree and good mixing uniformity in the slurry mixing process, high density of the explosive column, avoiding the generation of coarse crystallization, shrinkage cavity, air hole, crack and other charging defects in the process of forming the explosive column, good quality of the explosive column, high production efficiency, etc., and has a wide range of applications. It can produce explosive columns with diameters ranging from 50mm to 500mm, realizes the refined, safe and efficient preparation of high-solid content and high-density melt-cast explosive columns, solves the technical problems that affect the mixing safety of high-viscosity and high-energy melt-cast explosives and the casting quality of the explosive column, and meets the charging requirements of conventional high-efficiency damage ammunition warheads. . BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of a novel composite melting and casting device for preparing a drug column according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the inflation and pressurization assembly of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the riser funnel of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the drug column molding mold of the present invention.

[0024] Explanation of the accompanying reference numerals: 1-inflating and pressurizing assembly, 2-riser funnel, 3-grain forming mold, 4-gas storage tank, 5-pressure gauge, 6-air valve, 7-observation window, 8-clamp, 9-clamping bolt, 10-air-sealing rubber ring, 11-leakage hole, 12-bottom plate, 13-prefabricated scaled-down grain placement table, 14-cooling water tank, 15-steam inlet, 16-steam outlet, 17-temperature controller, 18-sealing gasket, 19-heating coil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1-4 The figure shows a novel composite melting and casting device for preparing a powder column, comprising an inflating and pressurizing component 1, a riser funnel 2, and a powder column forming mold 3. The inflating and pressurizing component 1 is composed of a gas storage tank 4, a pressure gauge 5, and an air valve 6. The top of the gas storage tank 4 is provided with an observation window 7, a pressure gauge 5 is provided on one side wall of the gas storage tank 4, and an air valve 6 is provided on the other side wall symmetrically. A clamping plate 8 is provided at the bottom of the gas storage tank 4, a clamping bolt 9 is provided in the middle of the clamping plate 8, and a gas-tight rubber ring is provided between the clamping plates 8 10. A riser funnel 2 is connected to the bottom of the inflation and pressurization component 1. A leakage hole 11 is opened in the inner bottom plate of the riser funnel 2. A charge column molding mold 3 is connected to the bottom of the riser funnel 2. A bottom plate 12 is provided at the bottom of the charge column molding mold 3. A prefabricated scaled charge column placement platform 13 is provided above the bottom plate 12 inside the charge column molding mold 3. A prefabricated scaled charge column is provided on the prefabricated scaled charge column placement platform 13. A cooling water tank 14 is connected to the bottom of the bottom plate 12 at the bottom of the charge column molding mold 3.

[0026] A novel composite melting and casting process for preparing a drug column comprises the following steps:

[0027] Step 1: Optimize the formula of melt-cast mixed explosives; use explosive particle grading and crystal spheroidization technology to increase the solid explosive content in the melt-cast explosive from 60% to more than 80% while reducing the viscosity of the slurry;

[0028] Step 2: adding functional additives to the mixed explosive to improve fluidity, uniformity and chemical stability; preventing coarse crystallization, shrinkage, defect holes, pores and cracks in the preparation process of the explosive column, and improving the quality of the explosive column;

[0029] Step 3: Optimize the explosive melting and mixing preparation process; use a new vacuum paddleless mixing equipment to achieve safe and efficient mixing of high-viscosity melt-cast explosives. Increase the density of the mixed explosives and shorten the explosive melting and mixing time;

[0030] Step 4: Optimize the explosive casting process; the obtained explosive column has uniform structure, high density, and no shrinkage cavity, and can produce explosive columns of various sizes ranging from 50mm to 500mm in diameter;

[0031] Step 5: Use vacuum vibration casting method to cast high viscosity melt-cast explosive for secondary casting, eliminate pores in the explosive column, increase charge density, and further increase the actual density of the explosive column;

[0032] Step 6: The temperature of the cast slurry is controlled in a zoned gradient from bottom to top, so that the slurry in the lower part of the mold solidifies quickly, and the slurry in the upper part does not solidify under the action of the hot water pipe and the riser funnel, and the slurry is continuously added to the shrinkage holes in the lower part;

[0033] Step 7: Vibration stirring and crystallization treatment is performed on the cast slurry. Vibration stirring can accelerate the cooling of the explosive to promote the formation of crystal nuclei and improve the quality of the explosive column;

[0034] Step 8: Use the pressurized post-treatment process to refine the drug slurry; shorten the solidification time of the charge, eliminate shrinkage holes, coarse crystals and looseness, and shorten the nursing time from 2 to 3 days of ordinary melting and casting to less than 1 day, so that the actual density of the drug column is finally increased to 98% to 99% of the theoretical density, and the density deviation can be controlled within ±0.002g / cm3;

[0035] Step nine: Use insensitive polymer material coating technology to coat the surface of the grain to improve the safety of grain use, storage, maintenance and launch.

[0036] The riser funnel 2 is of double-layer design, and a steam heating chamber is formed between the inner layer and the outer layer of the riser funnel 2. A steam inlet 15 and a steam outlet 16 connected to the steam heating chamber are respectively provided on the outer wall of the riser funnel 2. A temperature controller 17 for monitoring the temperature of the steam heating chamber is provided on the outer wall of the riser funnel 2.

[0037] Sealing gaskets 18 are provided between the inflation and pressurization assembly 1 , the riser funnel 2 , the charge forming mold 3 and the bottom plate 12 provided at the bottom of the charge forming mold 3 .

[0038] A heating coil 19 is provided on the outer wall of the drug column forming mold 3 .

[0039] In the step 1, in order to solve the problem that the solid content of hexachlorobenzene or octogenin in ordinary melt-cast mixed explosives is low and affects the power of explosives, the explosive particle grading and crystal spheroidization technology are used to optimize the formula of the melt-cast mixed explosives, increase the solid phase explosive content in the melt-cast explosives from 60% to more than 80%, and reduce the dynamic viscosity of the slurry from 2300Pa·s to less than 2000Pa·s, thereby improving the fluidity of the explosive slurry and making the high-viscosity molten explosive slurry easier to mix evenly; in the step 2, an additive with good performance is added to the explosive to improve the charging performance and prevent the explosive from being mixed during the preparation of the explosive column. The coarse crystals, shrinkage cavities, defects, pores and cracks that appear are removed to improve the quality of the explosive column. The additive with good performance added to the explosive is any one of calcium phosphate, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, o-nitrotoluene, p-nitrotoluene and hexanitrostilbene; in step three, a vacuum paddle-free mixing device is used to achieve safe and efficient mixing of 2000Pa·s high-viscosity melt-cast explosives, avoiding the severe friction between the blades and the explosive particles during the mixing process when using conventional paddle mixing equipment, ensuring the safety of the mixing process, and the mixing uniformity reaches a standard deviation less than 0.5% of the aluminum powder content analysis value.During the mixing process, the explosive slurry in the pot is vacuumed to increase the actual density of the explosive to 96% of the theoretical density. The density deviation can be controlled from ±0.01g / cm3 to ±0.005g / cm3, and the melting and mixing time of the explosive can be controlled within 60min. In step 4, the prefabricated scaled-down column set method is used for column composite casting. First, 1 / 4 to 1 / 5 of the height of the mold barrel is injected into the mold, and then one or more prefabricated scaled-down columns are placed. After the slurry solidifies and the scaled-down columns are fixed, secondary casting is performed to produce various diameters ranging from 50mm to 500mm. In step 5, vacuum vibration casting is used to cast high-viscosity melt-cast explosives for the second time to eliminate pores in the explosives and increase the charge density, so that the actual density of the explosives is increased to 97% of the theoretical density, and a high-quality explosive with uniform structure, high density, fine crystals and no bubbles is obtained; in step 6, the lower half of the mold is placed in a cold water tank at room temperature, hot water with a temperature of 60°C to 70°C is passed through the hot water hose wrapped around the upper half of the mold, 0.1MPa steam is passed through the riser funnel jacket, and the heating temperature is 100°C to 105°C, so as to achieve a zoned gradient temperature from low to high temperature from bottom to top for the cast slurry. Control can make the slurry in the lower part of the mold solidify quickly, while the slurry in the upper part does not solidify under the action of the hot water pipe and the riser funnel, and the slurry is continuously added to the shrinkage hole in the lower part; in step seven, the cast slurry is subjected to vibration stirring crystallization treatment, and the superheated explosive melted in the mold and the riser funnel is stirred with a vibrating stirring rod, the vibration frequency of the stirring rod is 50Hz~60Hz, the amplitude is 0.5mm~1mm, the processing time is 10min, and the cooling is accelerated to promote the generation of crystal nuclei and break up larger crystals to improve the molding quality of the drug column; in step eight, the pressurized post-treatment process is used to refine the slurry In the process of treatment, a pressure of 0.10MPa to 0.15MPa is applied to the molten explosive in the mold and the riser funnel to shorten the solidification time of the charge and eliminate shrinkage cavities, coarse crystals and looseness, thereby shortening the nursing time from 2 to 3 days of ordinary melting and casting to less than 1 day, and through pressure treatment, a density deviation is controlled within ±0.002g / cm3 and a theoretical density of 98% to 99% is obtained. In step nine, the surface of the charge is coated with insensitive polymer material coating technology, and the surface of the charge is coated with unsaturated polyester resin glue with a thickness of 2mm, which can improve the safety of the use, storage, maintenance and launch of the charge.

[0040] When the present invention is used, the raw materials of various components for preparing the melt-cast mixed explosive, such as TNT, the specially prepared and particle-graded RDX and Octogen high-energy explosives after crystal spheroidization, the particle-graded spherical aluminum powder, and the raw materials of additives are transported to the storage room, stored in different categories and partitions, and the appearance quality of the raw materials of the explosives is checked after unpacking. Each raw material should have a certificate of conformity from the manufacturer, and the technical indicators must meet the requirements of the corresponding technical standards and be qualified after the factory acceptance, without foreign mechanical impurities and the appearance change of the agglomeration due to moisture; according to the optimized formula of the mixed explosive, the quality of each mixed explosive is calculated. The amount of each component of the required explosive is measured by electronic scale and kept ready for use. The weighing must be accurate. Start the mixer and conduct an idle run inspection. The idle run inspection requires the equipment to be in good operating condition. After completion, set the explosive mixing process parameters, including the explosive heating temperature and the mixing pot speed. At the same time, set the over-temperature, over-pressure and over-speed process alarm parameters. Tilt the mixing pot upwards by 45°, add the weighed TNT or DNAN fusible explosive into the mixing pot, cover the pot, and rotate the pot. The mixing pot speed is 30r / min. ~40r / min, when melting TNT explosive, the heating temperature of the pot body interlayer is (95℃~98℃)±1℃, first melt TNT into liquid, and then according to the optimized mixed explosive formula, add the weighed raw materials of special RDX, special octogenol, spherical aluminum powder and additives into the pot in batches; after the addition of the solid phase components of the explosive is completed, start the mixing pot to rotate and mix the materials in the pot, the speed is set to 30r / min~40r / min, and the heating temperature of the pot body interlayer is maintained at (95℃~98℃)±1℃. During the mixing process At the same time, vacuum treatment: Cover the pot, tilt the pot body to rotate and mix, start the vacuum system, and vacuum the mixed explosives in the pot while the pot body rotates. The vacuum degree in the pot is required to reach ≤0.1kPa for 10 minutes. At the same time, the steam pressure generated during the heating and melting of the TNT explosive in the pot is monitored online in real time and an overpressure alarm is issued to prevent the pressure in the pot from overpressure. In an emergency, the pressure in the pot can be quickly relieved to ensure the safety of the mixing process. The mixing uniformity of the explosives can reach a standard deviation of less than 0.5%; after the explosives are evenly mixed, open the pot lid and turn the pot body downward to -45° to allow the explosive slurry to flow into the turnover insulation hopper. After the discharge is completed, clean the mixing pot; then pour the mixed molten slurry into the mold barrel of the powder column forming mold, and the injection height is 1 / 4 to 1 / 5 of the depth of the mold cavity. Insert the prefabricated cylindrical scaled powder column with an outer size of 1 / 2 to 1 / 3 of the required powder column to the bottom of the mold barrel along the center of the slurry. Wait for the slurry to solidify and the cylindrical scaled prefabricated powder column to stand upright in the center of the inner cavity of the mold barrel; then put the jacketed riser funnel on the mold barrel of the powder column forming mold, assemble it, put it into the casting tank of the vacuum vibration casting equipment, install the secondary casting hopper on it, pour the mixed molten slurry into the primary casting hopper, and install it to the secondary On the casting hopper, then open the connecting valves between the hoppers and between the hopper and the casting tank, use the vacuum vibration casting method to cast and charge into the mold barrel and the riser funnel, and charge to 2 / 3 of the height of the riser funnel. During the casting process, the cast explosive slurry is vacuumed twice through the two-stage casting hopper and the vacuum casting tank, and the vacuum degree is ≤0.1kPa. The amplitude of the vacuum vibration casting equipment is 2mm and the frequency is 40Hz~45Hz; remove the two-stage casting hopper, take out the column forming mold and the riser funnel after the slurry is cast, place the bottom of the mold in a cold water tank at room temperature for cooling, wrap a heating hose around the outer side of the upper half of the mold, and pass hot water at a temperature of 60℃~70℃ in the hose. Pass water vapor through the jacket of the riser funnel for insulation and shrinkage compensation. The water vapor pressure in the jacket is 0.1MPa, and the heating temperature is 100℃~105℃, so as to realize the zoned gradient temperature control from bottom to top from low to high temperature of the slurry cast in the mold; the superheated explosive melted in the mold and the riser funnel is stirred with a pneumatic vibrating stirring rod to accelerate the cooling of the explosive to promote the formation of crystal nuclei. The vibration frequency of the stirring rod is 50Hz~60Hz, the amplitude is 0.5mm~1mm, and the processing time is 10min; the inflation and pressurization device is placed on the riser funnel and assembled, and 0.10MPa~0.15MPa of compressed air is filled into the inflation and pressurization device, and the molten explosive in the mold and the riser funnel is pressurized by the piston-type combined pressure plate and the pressure is kept stable until the molten explosive is solidified, and finally the pressure is pressed. Open the air valve to release the pressure, remove the inflation and pressure device and the riser funnel, disassemble the two halves of the cylindrical mold, take out the medicine column, the actual density of the medicine column can reach 98% to 99% of the theoretical density, and the density deviation can be controlled within ±0.002g / cm3; for the cylindrical medicine column, use a vernier caliper to measure the diameter and height of the medicine column, use an electronic scale to weigh the mass of the medicine column, and calculate the density of the medicine column. For the special-shaped medicine column, use the drainage method to detect the density of the medicine column, and the actual density of the medicine column is required to reach 98% to 99% of the theoretical density; First, prepare the unsaturated polyester coating glue. The formula of the unsaturated polyester glue is: 196 unsaturated polyester resin-90.0%, polyethylene-6.4%, accelerator-3.6%, curing agent-additional unsaturated polyester dosage 0.3%~1.2%, calculate the amount of each component, weigh, mix and stir, put the evenly stirred unsaturated polyester glue into a vacuum drying oven, turn on the vacuum pump, exhaust the glue for 10 minutes under the condition of vacuum degree ≤0.1kPa, and then coat the medicine column: primer coating → coating → coating layer curing, use a brush to apply 502 glue primer to the surface of the medicine column; pour the exhausted unsaturated polyester glue on the surface of the medicine column, use a brush to apply the glue on the surface of the medicine column, and ensure No leaking, the thickness of the adhesive layer is 2mm, and it is naturally cured at room temperature for more than 12 hours; use industrial CT equipment to detect the internal quality of each grain, and require that there are no coarse crystals, shrinkage holes, pores, cracks, impurities and defects inside the grain; wrap the surface of the grain with anti-static packaging paper, write the number, and put it in a packaging box lined with anti-static sponge. The grain is required to be fixed and tightened in the packaging box without moving. Finally, put the packing list and certificate of conformity in the box, cover the box, buckle the lock and seal it, and transport it out of the factory and put it into storage. .

Claims

1. A composite melting and casting device for preparing a powder column, characterized in that: It includes an inflation and pressurization component, a riser funnel, and a drug column molding mold. The inflation and pressurization component consists of a gas storage tank, a pressure gauge, and an air valve. An observation window is provided on the top of the gas storage tank, a pressure gauge is provided on one side wall of the gas storage tank, and an air valve is provided on the other side wall symmetrically. A splint is provided at the bottom of the gas storage tank, a clamping bolt is provided in the middle of the splint, and an air-sealing rubber ring is provided between the splints. A riser funnel is connected to the bottom of the inflation and pressurization component, a leakage hole is opened on the bottom plate of the riser funnel, a drug column molding mold is connected to the bottom of the riser funnel, a bottom plate is provided at the bottom of the drug column molding mold, and the drug column molding mold A prefabricated scaled-down charge placement platform is provided above the inner bottom plate, and a prefabricated scaled-down charge is provided on the prefabricated scaled-down charge placement platform, and a cooling water trough is connected below the bottom plate at the bottom of the charge forming mold; the riser funnel is a double-layer design, and a steam heating chamber is formed between the inner layer and the outer layer of the riser funnel, and a steam inlet and a steam outlet connected to the steam heating chamber are respectively provided on the outer wall of the riser funnel, and a temperature controller for monitoring the temperature of the steam heating chamber is provided on the outer wall of the riser funnel; sealing gaskets are provided between the inflation and pressurization assembly, the riser funnel, the charge forming mold and the bottom plate arranged at the bottom of the charge forming mold.

2. A composite melting and casting device for preparing a charge column as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A heating coil is arranged on the outer wall of the drug column forming mold.

3. A composite melting and casting process for preparing a drug column, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Optimize the formula of melt-cast mixed explosives; use explosive particle grading and crystal spheroidization technology to increase the solid explosive content in the melt-cast explosive from 60% to more than 80% while reducing the viscosity of the slurry; Step 2: adding functional additives to the mixed explosive to improve fluidity, uniformity and chemical stability; preventing coarse crystallization, shrinkage, defect holes, pores and cracks in the preparation process of the explosive column, and improving the quality of the explosive column; Step 3: Optimize the explosive melting and mixing preparation process; use vacuum paddleless mixing equipment to achieve safe and efficient mixing of high-viscosity melt-cast explosives; increase the density of the mixed explosives and shorten the explosive melting and mixing time; Step 4: Optimize the explosive casting process; the obtained explosive column has uniform structure, high density, and no shrinkage cavity, and can produce explosive columns of various sizes ranging from 50mm to 500mm in diameter; Step 5: Use vacuum vibration casting method to cast high viscosity melt-cast explosive for secondary casting, eliminate pores in the explosive column, increase charge density, and further increase the actual density of the explosive column; Step 6: The temperature of the cast slurry is controlled in a zoned gradient from bottom to top, so that the slurry in the lower part of the mold solidifies quickly, and the slurry in the upper part does not solidify under the action of the hot water pipe and the riser funnel, and the slurry is continuously added to the shrinkage holes in the lower part; Step 7: Vibration stirring and crystallization treatment is performed on the cast slurry. Vibration stirring can accelerate the cooling of the explosive to promote the formation of crystal nuclei and improve the quality of the explosive column; Step 8: Use the pressurized post-treatment process to refine the drug slurry; shorten the solidification time of the charge, eliminate shrinkage holes, coarse crystals and looseness, and shorten the nursing time from 2 to 3 days of ordinary melting and casting to less than 1 day, so that the actual density of the drug column is finally increased to 98% to 99% of the theoretical density, and the density deviation can be controlled within ±0.002g / cm3; Step nine: Use insensitive polymer material coating technology to coat the surface of the grain to improve the safety of grain use, storage, maintenance and launch.

4. A composite melting and casting process for preparing a drug column as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: In step 1, the explosive particle grading and crystal spheroidization technology are used to increase the solid explosive content in the melt-cast explosive from 60% to more than 80%, and the dynamic viscosity of the slurry is reduced from 2300Pa·s to less than 2000Pa·s; in step 2, an additive with good performance is added to the explosive to improve the charging performance, and the additive with good performance added to the explosive is any one of calcium phosphate, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, o-nitrotoluene, p-nitrotoluene, and hexanitrostilbene; in step 3, a vacuum paddleless mixing device is used to achieve safe and efficient mixing of a high-viscosity melt-cast explosive of 2000Pa·s, and the mixing uniformity reaches a standard deviation of less than 0.5% of the analyzed value of aluminum powder content; during the mixing process, The explosive slurry in the pot is vacuumed to increase the actual density of the explosive to 96% of the theoretical density. The density deviation can be controlled from ±0.01g / cm3 to ±0.005g / cm3, and the melting and mixing time of the explosive can be controlled within 60min. In step 4, the prefabricated scaled-down explosive column set method is used for composite casting of the explosive column. First, 1 / 4 to 1 / 5 of the slurry accounting for the height of the mold barrel is injected into the mold, and then one or more prefabricated scaled-down explosive columns are placed. After the slurry solidifies and the scaled-down explosive columns are fixed, secondary casting is carried out to prepare explosive columns of various sizes with diameters ranging from 50mm to 500mm. In step 5, the vacuum vibration casting method is used for secondary casting of high-viscosity melt-cast explosives, so that the actual The density is increased to 97% of the theoretical density; in step six, by placing the lower half of the mold in a cold water tank at room temperature, passing hot water at a temperature of 60°C to 70°C through the hot water hose wrapped around the upper half of the mold, passing 0.1MPa steam through the jacket of the riser funnel, and heating the temperature to 100°C to 105°C, the temperature of the cast slurry is controlled from bottom to top from low to high, so that the slurry in the lower part of the mold can be quickly solidified, and the slurry in the upper part does not solidify under the action of the hot water pipe and the riser funnel, and the slurry is continuously added to the shrinkage holes in the lower part; in step seven, the cast slurry is subjected to vibration stirring and crystallization treatment, and the superheated explosive melted in the mold and the riser funnel is stirred with a vibrating stirring rod, and the vibration frequency of the stirring rod is 50 Hz~60Hz, amplitude is 0.5mm~1mm, and processing time is 10min; in step eight, the slurry is refined by pressurized post-treatment process, and 0.10MPa~0.15MPa pressure is applied to the molten explosive in the mold and the riser funnel to shorten the solidification time of the charge, eliminate shrinkage holes, coarse crystallization and looseness, thereby shortening the care time from 2 days to 3 days of ordinary casting to less than 1 day, and through pressurized treatment, the density deviation is controlled to within ±0.002g / cm3, and the theoretical density is 98%~99% of the powder column; in step nine, the surface of the powder column is coated with insensitive polymer material coating technology, and the surface of the powder column is coated with unsaturated polyester resin glue, and the thickness of the glue layer is 2mm.

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