A large-capacity battery energy storage system

Abstract

The present application discloses a large-capacity battery energy storage system, including a battery rack, wherein the battery rack includes two push-in racks, characterized in that a plurality of tilted rack plates are provided in the push-in racks, and the rack plates are arranged in multiple layers along the height direction in the push-in racks to form an installation layer for multiple batteries to be installed; the batteries in the two push-in racks are arranged in a mirror image, and the positive / negative poles of the multiple batteries are connected in series via positive / negative connectors; the connectors are connected to the adapter connectors of the energy storage system; and the batteries in the push-in racks are embedded in the same direction. The present application solves thermal balance management from within the battery, controls fire safety hazards both internally and externally, and is provided with a safe cooling adsorption reaction and collection device in extreme situations. Combined with a power failure detection system, it greatly improves the safety of the box-type energy storage system and eliminates the explosion hazard caused by the discharge of flammable gas into the air and the mixing of the air.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of lithium battery energy storage, and in particular to a large-capacity battery energy storage system. Background Art

[0002] Clean energy includes non-fossil energy sources such as wind, solar, hydro, biomass, and geothermal. However, these energy sources currently face instability. Given the current power system's lack of flexibility and regulation capabilities, the development of energy storage technology is crucial to the future growth of renewable clean energy.

[0003] my country has officially entered the stage of large-scale development of energy storage applications, and energy storage applications will be a key area of ​​focus for decades to come. Current energy storage systems utilize lithium iron phosphate batteries as energy storage components. While lithium iron phosphate batteries offer large individual capacity, their individual voltage is relatively low. To meet the requirements of converters, batteries must be connected in series to increase the input voltage. This is typically done by directly connecting the individual batteries in series to the required voltage. However, due to numerous wiring connections, complex systems, and technical challenges such as fire safety and temperature control, safety incidents frequently occur. With the vigorous promotion of energy storage system applications in my country, the energy density and power density requirements for battery boxes are continuously increasing, leading to an increasing number of battery boxes being used. Energy storage systems generally consist of a certain number of cells assembled into battery modules, a certain number of battery modules assembled into battery boxes, and a certain number of battery boxes stacked and connected to form an energy storage system.

[0004] Most existing energy storage systems are container-based, with multiple units installed inside the container, including multiple battery cabinets. The battery cabinets are equipped with battery box storage spaces in the form of an array, and the battery box storage spaces are used to load battery boxes. Existing container energy storage systems have a series of problems such as low battery density, short service life, space constraints, and inconvenient disassembly and maintenance.

[0005] CN112768820A discloses a container energy storage system, including a container and a battery plug-in box. The battery plug-in box includes a battery rack, which is arranged in multiple layers in the vertical direction to form a stacked module installation layer for the battery modules to be loaded in layers. Travel wheels are provided at the bottom of the battery rack to facilitate the movement of the battery plug-in box. However, this patent differs from the battery push-in rack structure. In addition, the large-capacity batteries in this patent have built-in heat dissipation and fire-fighting heat conduction devices, which offer significant advantages in terms of safety, reliability, and battery life.

[0006] CN105129269A discloses an energy storage battery cabinet. However, existing energy storage systems of this type have battery boxes stacked one above the other, lack a fire safety system, and lack movable wheels. The battery cabinet requires a mobile vehicle to move around, and in actual use, requires a large space for battery box insertion. This results in low space utilization, affecting the energy density of the energy storage system and requiring a large number of operators to load and unload the battery modules, making disassembly and maintenance inconvenient.

[0007] CN211530802U, CN110797489A, and CN212751901U mention container energy storage system structures, but their layout differs from this patent. This patent features a large capacity and unique embedding method, a positive and negative connector and battery bypass contactor design, and a parallel pipe from the battery pressure relief port to a cooling adsorption reaction alarm collector to process the gas released by the battery thermal runaway pressure. At the same time, the independent large battery itself has a fire-fighting heat dissipation function, which does not affect other large batteries in extreme situations, thereby improving the overall safety of the container energy storage system. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0009] The present invention provides a large-capacity battery energy storage system, comprising a battery rack comprising two push-in racks, each equipped with a plurality of inclined shelf plates. The shelf plates are arranged in multiple layers along the height of the racks, forming an installation layer for multiple batteries. The batteries in the two push-in racks are arranged in mirror image, and the positive and negative poles of the multiple batteries are connected in series via positive / negative connectors. The connectors connect to the adapter connectors of the energy storage system. The batteries in the push-in racks are inserted in the same direction. The shelf plates are tilted at a 20-degree angle.

[0010] Furthermore, the battery includes a housing, a battery pack disposed within the housing, and a heat exchange device; the heat exchange device includes a semiconductor module disposed outside the housing upper cover plate, and two identical heat dissipation components disposed within the housing, with the condensation ends of the heat dissipation components extending through the housing upper cover plate and connected to the semiconductor modules. The heat dissipation components include a conductive bar connected to the positive / negative poles of the battery pack within the battery housing, a hollow pole connected to the conductive bar and having an outer wall groove, and a heat-conducting fire extinguishing pipe disposed within the outer wall groove. The heat-conducting fire extinguishing pipe is filled with a heat-conducting fire extinguishing material. When the battery temperature rises, the heat-conducting fire extinguishing material within the heat-conducting fire extinguishing pipe flows out of the closed end, thereby suppressing battery explosion.

[0011] Furthermore, an anti-slip insulating pad for fixing the battery is provided between the frame plate and the battery.

[0012] Furthermore, the battery rack includes a cooling adsorption chamber provided at the bottom layer; the explosion vent of the battery upper cover is connected to the cooling adsorption chamber via a collecting pipe. The cooling adsorption chamber is filled with cooling adsorption material and reaction material;

[0013] The adsorbent material and reactive material in the cooling adsorption chamber can be mixed and filled, or filled in layers. The cooling adsorption material is one or more of ceramics, activated carbon, molecular sieves, activated alumina, silica gel, and white carbon black. The reactive material is one or more of acids, bases, and acid salts of strong bases and weak acids. The cooling adsorption chamber includes a collection bag for collecting excess flammable, explosive, and harmful gases from the battery. The collection bag is made of aluminum plastic, PVC, or TPU. A fire extinguishing device is provided in the cooling adsorption chamber. The fire extinguishing device is a small, self-sensing thermal aerosol fire extinguishing device. When the temperature reaches a preset value, the fire extinguishing device automatically activates, releasing nano-fire extinguishing particles to dilute and suppress the combustion of combustible gases, preventing high-temperature combustible gases generated by thermal runaway from overflowing from the collection bag and contacting the air, further endangering the entire energy storage system. A sensor alarm is provided at the entrance of the cooling adsorption chamber to detect the inflow of electrolyte and gas. The sensor alarm is connected to the energy storage system's battery management system, which controls the circuit tripping or disconnection of the power supply system.

[0014] Furthermore, the connector is one or more combinations of extruded aluminum ingots, aluminum pole extensions, aluminum spacers, copper flexible busbars, and copper cables.

[0015] Furthermore, it includes an insulating cover for covering the energy storage system, wherein the insulating cover is made of one or more of PVC, PP, PS, POM, PMMA, PBT, PC, and ABS.

[0016] Furthermore, at least four universal wheels with a locking function are provided at the bottom of the battery rack.

[0017] Furthermore, every five battery racks form an energy storage unit, and the input and output ends of the line of the energy storage unit are respectively provided with bypass contactors, and the two bypass contactors are connected in parallel; when the battery's BMS receives the signal from the sensor alarm, it determines that the energy storage unit has a problem and shields the energy storage unit through the bypass contactor.

[0018] The large-capacity battery system in this application features an ingenious connection design and rational layout, saving container space and facilitating maintenance. Thermal balance management is addressed within the battery, simultaneously controlling fire safety hazards both internally and externally. A safe cooling adsorption reaction and collection device for extreme conditions, combined with a power failure detection system, significantly improves the safety of the box-type energy storage system, eliminating the potential explosion hazard caused by the discharge and mixing of flammable gases into the air.

[0019] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be reflected in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a diagram of a push-and-plug stand with batteries according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a diagram of a cooling adsorption reaction collector according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a diagram of a large-capacity battery according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Figure 4 This is the internal structure of the large-capacity battery in the embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Figure 5 This is the first connector structure of the embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Figure 6 This is the second connector structure of the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0028] It should be understood that terms such as “having,” “including,” and “comprising” used herein do not prescribe the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] The present invention provides a large-capacity battery energy storage system, including a battery rack, which includes two push-in racks 2. The push-in racks 2 are provided with multiple inclined shelf plates 21. The shelf plates 21 are arranged in multiple layers along the height direction within the push-in racks 2 to form an installation layer for multiple batteries 1 to be installed. The batteries in the two push-in racks 2 are arranged in a mirror image, and the positive / negative poles of the multiple batteries are connected in series through positive / negative connectors 24. The connectors 24 are connected to the adapter connector of the energy storage system. The batteries 1 in the push-in racks 2 are embedded in the same direction.

[0031] Furthermore, in the embodiment provided by the present invention, the inclination angle of the shelf 21 is 20 degrees.

[0032] For example, the large-capacity battery is 3.2V, 3000Ah, and 224 large-capacity batteries are connected in series to form a 700V energy storage system. Two adjacent push-in racks form a group. Eight layers of partitions are arranged in each vertical column of the battery push-in rack, and a total of 16 large-capacity batteries are embedded. The system requires a total of 14 large-capacity battery push-in racks.

[0033] The push-and-insert rack is equipped with a 20-degree inclined shelf plate 21. The battery shelf plates 21 are arranged in multiple layers above and below the push-and-insert rack 2, forming a stacked installation layer. Together with the battery frame, they form a 20-degree inclined insertion cavity for the large-capacity battery 1, allowing for the layered loading of multiple large-capacity batteries. In this embodiment, two adjacent push-and-insert racks form a set, and the battery push-and-insert racks are arranged with eight layers of partitions, accommodating a total of 16 large-capacity batteries.

[0034] The connector 24 includes a first connector 241 and a second connector 242 .

[0035] Multiple large-capacity batteries of the system are connected in series through the positive / negative connector 241. The connector 242 is set at the bottom of the battery push-in rack and is finally connected to the energy storage system adapter connector to achieve charging and discharging.

[0036] In the embodiment provided in the present application, the large-capacity battery is inserted in such a manner that the bottom is directed downwards toward the inclination angle, the heat exchange device 15 and one side of the pole 142 are directed upwards toward the inclination angle, and the large-capacity batteries in each row of battery pushing and inserting racks are embedded in the same direction, that is, the heat exchange device 15 of each layer of large-capacity batteries is ensured to be in the same vertical direction or one side of the pole 142 is in the same vertical direction.

[0037] Furthermore, the large-capacity batteries 1 in the two adjacent rows of large-capacity battery pushing and inserting racks 2 are arranged in a mirror image, that is, the two adjacent rows of large-capacity battery pushing and inserting racks 2 are a group, and the large-capacity battery heat exchange devices 15 therein are on both sides, and the poles 142 are in the middle or in the opposite direction. The purpose of this arrangement is to facilitate the serpentine arrangement in series between the large-capacity batteries, save space, and save connection consumables.

[0038] The tilted setting can maximize the working efficiency of the large-capacity battery TEC heat exchange device and heat dissipation components. The large-capacity batteries need to be placed vertically, but due to the height limit of large-capacity batteries, they cannot be stacked in multiple layers in the vertical direction. Therefore, the design tilts the large-capacity batteries at a 20-degree angle and stacks them horizontally upward.

[0039] Furthermore, in the embodiment provided by the present invention, the battery 1 includes a shell 11, a battery pack 14 arranged in the shell 11, and a heat exchange device 15; the heat exchange device 15 includes a semiconductor module arranged on the outside of the upper cover plate 13 of the shell 1, and two identical heat dissipation components 151 arranged in the shell 11, and the condensation end of the heat dissipation component 151 extends out of the upper cover plate 13 of the shell 11 and is connected to the semiconductor module.

[0040] The battery packs 14 in the housing 1 share a common electrolyte.

[0041] Furthermore, in the embodiment provided herein, the heat dissipation assembly 14 includes a conductive bar 141 connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery pack within the battery housing, a hollow terminal 142 connected to the conductive bar and having an outer wall groove, and a heat-conducting fire extinguishing tube 145 disposed within the outer wall groove. The heat-conducting fire extinguishing tube is filled with a heat-conducting fire extinguishing material. When the battery temperature rises, the heat-conducting fire extinguishing material inside the tube flows out of the closed end, suppressing battery explosion. This large-capacity battery fundamentally solves a series of problems, including battery capacity density, uniform heat dissipation, cumbersome wiring, and fire safety.

[0042] Furthermore, in the embodiment provided by the present invention, an anti-slip insulating pad is provided between the frame plate 21 and the battery 1 for fixing the battery.

[0043] Furthermore, in the embodiments provided herein, a cooling adsorption chamber 25 is provided at the bottom layer of the battery rack; the explosion vent 12 of the battery upper cover is connected to the cooling adsorption chamber 25 via a collection pipe. The cooling adsorption chamber is filled with a cooling adsorption material and a reaction material; the adsorption material and reaction material in the cooling adsorption chamber can be mixed or layered. The cooling adsorption material is one or more of ceramics, activated carbon, molecular sieves, activated alumina, silica gel, and white carbon black. The reaction material is one or more of an acid, a base, or a salt of a strong base and a weak acid.

[0044] Furthermore, in the embodiment provided by the present invention, the cooling adsorption chamber 25 includes a collection bag for collecting excess flammable, explosive and harmful gases from the battery. The material of the collection bag is aluminum plastic, PVC or TPU.

[0045] Furthermore, in the embodiment provided by the present invention, a fire extinguishing device is provided in the cooling adsorption chamber 25 .

[0046] Furthermore, in the embodiment provided by the present invention, the fire extinguishing device is a small self-sensing thermal aerosol fire extinguishing device; when the temperature reaches a preset value (180°C), the fire extinguishing device is automatically activated, releasing nano-fire extinguishing particles to dilute and inhibit the combustion of combustible gases, thereby preventing high-temperature combustible gases generated by thermal runaway from overflowing from the collection bag and coming into contact with the air, further endangering the entire energy storage system. It can also prevent fires caused by special circumstances outside the push-and-plug rack from burning into the push-and-plug rack 2, causing uncontrollable losses.

[0047] Furthermore, in the embodiment provided by the present invention, a sensor alarm for detecting the inflow of electrolyte and gas is provided at the inlet of the cooling adsorption chamber 25;

[0048] The sensor alarm is connected to the energy storage system BMS, and the BMS controls the circuit tripping or cutting off of the power supply system circuit.

[0049] That is, an alarm is provided at the air inlet in the adsorption reaction chamber. It is a multifunctional detection sensor that integrates electrolyte gas, combustion characteristic gas, temperature, smoke, flame and other sensors. In extreme cases, the alarm transmits the signal to the BMS, which will jump or cut off the power supply system circuit after processing by the BMS.

[0050] Furthermore, in the embodiment provided by the present invention, the connector 24 is one or more combinations of extruded aluminum ingots, aluminum pole extensions, aluminum spacers, copper busbars, and copper cables.

[0051] Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention include an insulating cover for covering the energy storage system. The insulating cover is made of a material that is heat-resistant (130°C or higher) and is made of one or more of PVC, PP, PS, POM, PMMA, PBT, PC, and ABS, effectively preventing leakage or short circuits caused by moisture.

[0052] Furthermore, in the embodiment provided by the present invention, at least four universal wheels 23 with a locking function are provided at the bottom of the battery rack, which facilitates the movement, installation and maintenance of the battery pack.

[0053] The present invention also provides a large-capacity battery energy storage system, comprising at least two of the above-mentioned battery racks.

[0054] Furthermore, in the embodiment provided by the present invention, every five battery racks constitute an energy storage unit, and the input and output ends of the line of the energy storage unit are respectively provided with bypass contactors, and the two bypass contactors are connected in parallel; when the BMS of the battery receives the signal from the sensor alarm, it determines that the energy storage unit has a problem and shields the energy storage unit through the bypass contactor.

[0055] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and exemplary embodiments. They can be applied to a variety of fields suitable for the present invention. Further modifications will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A large-capacity battery energy storage system, comprising a battery rack, wherein the battery rack comprises two push-in racks, characterized in that: The push-and-insert rack is provided with a plurality of inclined rack plates, which are arranged in multiple layers along the height direction within the push-and-insert rack to form an installation layer for multiple batteries; the batteries in the two push-and-insert racks are arranged in a mirror image, and the positive / negative poles of the multiple batteries are connected in series through positive / negative connectors; the connectors are connected to the adapter connectors of the energy storage system; The battery includes a housing, a battery pack disposed in the housing, and a heat exchange device; The battery packs within the housing share a common electrolyte; The heat exchange device includes a semiconductor module arranged outside the upper cover plate of the housing, and two identical heat dissipation components arranged inside the housing, wherein the condensation ends of the heat dissipation components extend out of the upper cover plate of the housing and are connected to the semiconductor module; The heat dissipation assembly includes a conductive bar connected to the positive / negative electrodes of the battery pack in the battery housing, a hollow electrode connected to the conductive bar and having an outer wall groove, and a heat-conducting fire extinguishing pipe disposed in the outer wall groove; the heat-conducting fire extinguishing pipe is filled with a heat-conducting fire extinguishing material. When the temperature of the battery rises, the heat-conducting fire extinguishing material inside the heat-conducting fire extinguishing pipe flows out from the closed end to suppress battery explosion; The battery rack further comprises a cooling adsorption chamber provided at the bottom layer of the battery rack; the explosion vent of the battery upper cover is connected to the cooling adsorption chamber via a collecting pipe; the cooling adsorption chamber is filled with a cooling adsorption material and a reaction material; the adsorption material and the reaction material in the cooling adsorption chamber can be mixed and filled, or filled in layers; A fire extinguishing device is provided in the cooling adsorption chamber.

2. A large-capacity battery energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The batteries in the push-and-insert rack are embedded in the same direction.

3. A large-capacity battery energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the frame plate is 20 degrees.

4. A large-capacity battery energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: An anti-slip insulating pad for fixing the battery is provided between the frame plate and the battery.

5. A large-capacity battery energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cooling adsorption material is one or more of ceramics, activated carbon, molecular sieve, activated alumina, silica gel, and white carbon black.

6. A large-capacity battery energy storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The reaction material is one or more of an acid, a base, and a salt of a strong base or a weak acid.

7. A large-capacity battery energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cooling adsorption chamber includes a collection bag for collecting excess flammable, explosive and harmful gases from the battery.

8. A large-capacity battery energy storage system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The material of the collecting bag is aluminum plastic, PVC or TPU.

9. A large-capacity battery energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fire extinguishing device is a small self-sensing thermal aerosol fire extinguishing device; when the temperature reaches a preset value, the fire extinguishing device is automatically activated, releasing nano-fire extinguishing particles to dilute and inhibit the combustion of combustible gases, preventing high-temperature combustible gases generated by thermal runaway from overflowing from the collection bag and contacting the air, further endangering the entire energy storage system.

10. A large-capacity battery energy storage system according to claim 9, characterized in that: A sensor alarm for detecting the inflow of electrolyte and gas is provided at the inlet of the cooling adsorption chamber; the sensor alarm is connected to the energy storage system BMS, and the BMS controls the circuit tripping or cutting off of the power supply system circuit.

11. A large-capacity battery energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connector is one or more combinations of extruded aluminum ingots, aluminum pole extensions, aluminum spacers, copper flexible busbars, and copper cables.

12. A large-capacity battery energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Includes an insulating cover for covering the energy storage system.

13. A large-capacity battery energy storage system according to claim 12, characterized in that: The material of the insulating cover is one or more combinations of PVC, PP, PS, POM, PMMA, PBT, PC, and ABS.

14. A large-capacity battery energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that: At least four universal wheels with a locking function are provided at the bottom of the battery rack.

15. A large-capacity battery energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that: Every five battery racks form an energy storage unit. The input and output ends of the energy storage unit's line are respectively provided with bypass contactors, and the two bypass contactors are connected in parallel. When the battery's BMS receives a signal from the sensor alarm, it determines that a problematic energy storage unit has occurred and shields the energy storage unit through the bypass contactor.

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