A composite drill bit with side water holes based on stick-slip vibration self-adaptation

Abstract

The present invention discloses a composite drill bit with side water holes based on stick-slip vibration adaptation, which solves the technical problem in the prior art that the ratio of the cutting depth of the cutting teeth and the roller teeth cannot be changed after the roller-PDC composite drill bit drills into the formation. It includes a columnar drill bit connection column and a drill bit body connected to the drill bit connection column, characterized in that: the drill bit body includes at least three roller bits and at least three PDC blades, the PDC blades are provided with cutting teeth, and the roller bit moves up and down according to the cutting depth. The present invention is composed of a roller and PDC composite, and the ratio of the cutting depth of the cutting teeth and the roller bit can be changed; when stick-slip vibration occurs, the roller bit descends, so that the cutting depth of the cutting teeth becomes shallower, and the stick-slip vibration is eliminated; drilling fluid is sprayed through the side water holes to prevent mud packing of the drill bit during drilling; in addition, the present invention has high flexibility and strong adaptability to formations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of oil extraction, in particular to a composite drill bit with side water holes based on stick-slip vibration self-adaptation. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, fast drilling has become the focus of various oil fields and research institutes. For example, the patent with application number US20160053551A1 announced an adaptive drill bit called TerrAdapt, which can reduce the frequency of downhole failures and increase drilling speed through its own automated control. The patent is equipped with a self-adjusting cutting depth control element, which can adjust its own aggressiveness according to the specific conditions of the formation it is drilling, thereby reducing vibration, stick-slip effect and impact load. According to the data published by Baker Hughes: Drilling through the same set of interlayers, the ROP of the TerrAdapt drill bit is 27% higher than that of adjacent wells, the torque change is reduced by 90%, the stick-slip effect is greatly reduced, and the drilling footage is increased by 713 feet (an increase of 27%), while the effort spent is much less than that of traditional PDC drill bits.

[0003] Stick-slip vibration is mainly a non-uniform movement phenomenon in which the drill bit stops and starts during deep drilling at the bottom of the well, which is caused by torsional vibration. When the cutting depth is too deep, the drill bit cannot rotate with the rotation of the drill string, which will cause the cutting teeth to fall off or break, seriously affecting the drilling efficiency and increasing the drilling cost. The use of PDC drill bits is limited by the formation. The soft formation will cause the cutting depth to be too deep and cause stick-slip vibration. The cone-PDC composite drill bit is used on site to adapt to the complex formation. However, the ratio of the cutting teeth and the cutting depth of the cone teeth cannot be changed after the cone-PDC composite drill bit drills into the formation. When the drill bit sticks and slips, the cone is pressed down, the cutting depth of the cone teeth increases, and the cutting depth of the cutting teeth decreases (the cutting ratio changes at this time), eliminating the stick-slip vibration. If the cutting ratio remains unchanged, the vibration will continue, which will cause the cutting teeth to fall off or break, seriously affecting the drilling efficiency and increasing the drilling cost. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite drill bit with side water holes based on stick-slip vibration adaptation, so as to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the ratio of cutting depth of cutting teeth and cone teeth cannot be changed after the cone-PDC composite drill bit drills into the formation.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a composite drill bit with side water holes based on stick-slip vibration self-adaptation, comprising a columnar drill bit connection column and a drill bit body connected to the drill bit connection column, wherein the drill bit body comprises at least three roller bits and at least three PDC blades, and cutting teeth are installed on the outer side of the PDC blade; wherein,

[0007] A tooth claw is provided on the drill bit body at the installation position corresponding to each roller drill bit, and a side water hole is provided on the tooth claw. A hydraulic chamber 1 is provided in the tooth claw, and the side water hole is communicated with the hydraulic chamber 1; a piston is provided at the bottom of the hydraulic chamber 1, and a roller connecting rod is connected to the piston, and the other end of the roller connecting rod is connected to the roller drill bit;

[0008] A drilling fluid injection channel is provided inside the drill bit body, and a water hole is provided at the bottom of the drill bit body; a drilling fluid main flow channel communicating with the drilling fluid injection channel, a drilling fluid flow channel 1 communicating with a hydraulic chamber 1, and a drilling fluid flow channel 2 communicating with the water hole are provided inside the drill bit body;

[0009] The drilling fluid main flow channel is connected with drilling fluid flow channel 1 and drilling fluid flow channel 2 respectively, and also includes a flow limiting device for limiting the flow of drilling fluid flow channel 1; the flow limiting device includes a mounting shell with a flow limiting cavity and a hydraulic flow limiting device, and the bottom of the drilling fluid flow channel 1 is connected with a casing 1; the hydraulic flow limiting device includes a hydraulic oil flow channel in a drill bit body, a hydraulic chamber 2 communicating with the hydraulic oil flow channel, a sliding block arranged in the hydraulic chamber 2, a connecting rod connected to the sliding block, and a valve core connected to the other end of the connecting rod; the shape of the valve core is adapted to the casing 1, and the outer wall of the valve core is slidingly and sealingly connected to the inner wall of the casing 1, and the valve core is provided with a limit block 1 at the extreme position of sliding into the casing 1; the hydraulic chamber 2, the connecting rod, the valve core and the connection between the drilling fluid main flow channel and the drilling fluid flow channel 1 are all arranged in the flow limiting cavity of the mounting shell;

[0010] The PDC blade has a hydraulic oil cavity for containing hydraulic oil, the other end of the hydraulic oil flow channel is connected to the hydraulic oil cavity, the cutting tooth is installed on the outside of the PDC blade through a compressed injection structure, the installation position of the cutting tooth corresponds to the hydraulic oil cavity, and the installation end of the cutting tooth can slide into the hydraulic oil cavity through the compressed injection structure.

[0011] Optionally or preferably, the inner wall of the hydraulic chamber 1 is provided with two sets of stop pins at corresponding upper and lower limit positions of the piston.

[0012] Optionally or preferably, the roller drill bit and the PDC blade are arranged at intervals.

[0013] Optionally or preferably, the roller drill bit and the PDC blades are both three or four.

[0014] Optionally or preferably, it further comprises a biasing elastic device 1, one end of which is connected to the sliding block, and the other end of which is connected to the top of the hydraulic chamber 2.

[0015] Optionally or preferably, it further comprises a second biasing elastic device, one end of which is connected to the piston, and the other end of which is connected to the bottom of the first hydraulic chamber.

[0016] Optionally or preferably, the first biasing elastic device and the second biasing elastic device are both composed of multiple groups of springs.

[0017] Optionally or preferably, a one-way valve is connected to the liquid inlet end of the drilling fluid main flow channel.

[0018] Optionally or preferably, the compressed advancement structure includes a casing 2 adapted to the shape of the cutting tooth and a limit block 2 arranged on the outside of the cutting tooth, the casing 2 being installed in the PDC blade, the outer wall of the cutting tooth being slidingly and sealingly connected to the inner wall of the casing 2, and the limit block 2 being arranged at the extreme position where the cutting tooth slides into the casing 2.

[0019] Optionally or preferably, the mounting end of the cutting tooth is a cylindrical structure, and the shape of the mounting end of the cutting tooth matches the second sleeve.

[0020] Based on the above technical solution, the embodiments of the present invention can at least produce the following technical effects:

[0021] (1) The composite drill bit with side water holes based on stick-slip vibration adaptation provided by the present invention is composed of a roller drill bit and a PDC blade. The ratio of the cutting teeth on the PDC blade to the cutting depth of the roller drill bit can be changed. When stick-slip vibration occurs, the roller drill bit descends, so that the cutting depth of the cutting teeth becomes shallower, and the stick-slip vibration can be eliminated. It has the advantages of high flexibility and strong adaptability to formations.

[0022] (2) The composite drill bit with side water holes based on stick-slip vibration self-adaptation provided by the present invention is provided with side water holes, and drilling fluid is sprayed through the side water holes to prevent mud packing of the drill bit during the drilling process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a half section of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 is a bottom view of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 is a connection diagram of a roller drill bit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the current limiting device in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 The enlarged schematic diagram of the middle A part;

[0028] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 The enlarged schematic diagram of the middle part B;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a bottom view of embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1, drill bit connecting column; 2, roller drill bit; 3, PDC blade; 4, cutting tooth; 5, tooth claw; 6, side water hole; 7, hydraulic chamber one; 8, piston; 9, roller connecting rod; 10, drilling fluid injection channel; 11, water hole; 12, drilling fluid main flow channel; 13, drilling fluid flow channel one; 14, drilling fluid flow channel two; 15, flow limiting cavity; 16, casing two; 17, limit block two; 18, hydraulic oil flow channel; 19, hydraulic chamber two; 20, sliding block; 21, connecting rod; 22, valve core; 23, stop pin; 24, mounting housing; 25, bias elastic device one; 26, bias elastic device two; 27, tooth; 28, one-way valve; 29, fixing block; 30, oil filling hole; 31, casing one; 32, limit block one; 33, hydraulic oil chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] like Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown:

[0032] Embodiment 1:

[0033] The present invention provides a composite drill bit with side water holes based on stick-slip vibration self-adaptation, comprising a drill bit connection column 1 and a drill bit body connected to the drill bit connection column 1. When the present invention is used, it is connected to a drill column through the drill bit connection column 1 for use.

[0034] As an optional embodiment, the drill bit connecting column 1 is threadedly connected to the drill column.

[0035] The drill bit body includes at least three roller bits 2 and at least three PDC blades 3. The roller bits 2 are provided with teeth 27. The outer sides of the PDC blades 3 are provided with cutting teeth 4. The angle and tooth shape of the cutting teeth 4 are not specifically described and can be selected according to the formation properties.

[0036] A tooth claw 5 is provided on the drill body at the installation position corresponding to each roller drill bit 2, and a side water hole 6 is provided on the tooth claw 5. A hydraulic chamber 7 is provided in the tooth claw 5, and the side water hole 6 is communicated with the hydraulic chamber 7; a piston 8 is provided at the bottom of the hydraulic chamber 7, and a roller connecting rod 9 is connected to the piston 8, and the other end of the roller connecting rod 9 is connected to the roller drill bit 2; specifically, the roller connecting rod 9 is connected to the roller drill bit 2 through a fixing block 29;

[0037] A drilling fluid injection channel 10 is provided inside the drill bit body, and a water hole 11 is provided at the bottom of the drill bit body; a drilling fluid main flow channel 12 communicating with the drilling fluid injection channel 10, a drilling fluid flow channel 13 communicating with the hydraulic chamber 17, and a drilling fluid flow channel 2 14 communicating with the water hole 11 are provided inside the drill bit body;

[0038] The drilling fluid main flow channel 12 is connected to the drilling fluid flow channel 1 13 and the drilling fluid flow channel 2 14 respectively, and also includes a flow limiting device for limiting the flow of the drilling fluid flow channel 1 13; the flow limiting device includes a mounting shell 24 with a flow limiting cavity 15 and a hydraulic flow limiting device, and the bottom of the drilling fluid flow channel 1 13 is connected to a casing 1 31;

[0039] The hydraulic flow limiting device includes a hydraulic oil flow channel 18 in the drill bit body, a hydraulic chamber 19 communicating with the hydraulic oil flow channel 18, a sliding block 20 arranged in the hydraulic chamber 19, a connecting rod 21 connected to the sliding block 20, and a valve core 22 connected to the other end of the connecting rod 21; the shape of the valve core 22 is adapted to the casing 31, and the outer wall of the valve core 22 is slidingly and sealingly connected to the inner wall of the casing 31, one end of the valve core 22 extends into the drilling fluid flow channel 13, and the outer walls of both ends of the valve core 22 are provided with limit blocks 32 at the extreme positions of sliding into the casing 31 and sliding out of the casing 31; the hydraulic chamber 19, the connecting rod 21, the valve core 22 and the connection between the drilling fluid main flow channel 12 and the drilling fluid flow channel 13 are all arranged in the flow limiting cavity 15 of the mounting shell 24; the function of the limit block 32 is to limit the valve core 22 when it reaches the extreme position.

[0040] The PDC blade 3 has a hydraulic oil cavity 33 for containing hydraulic oil, the other end of the hydraulic oil flow channel 18 is connected to the hydraulic oil cavity 33, and the cutting tooth 4 is installed on the outside of the PDC blade 3 through a compressed injection structure; and the installation position of the cutting tooth 4 corresponds to the hydraulic oil cavity 33, and the installation end of the cutting tooth 4 can slide into the hydraulic oil cavity 33 through the compressed injection structure.

[0041] The composite drill bit with side water holes based on stick-slip vibration self-adaptation provided by the present invention is composed of a roller drill bit 2 and a PDC blade 3, and the ratio of the cutting depth of the cutting teeth 4 on the PDC blade 3 and the roller drill bit 2 can be changed; when stick-slip vibration occurs, the roller drill bit 2 descends, so that the cutting depth of the cutting teeth 4 becomes shallower, and the stick-slip vibration can be eliminated; the composite drill bit with side water holes based on stick-slip vibration self-adaptation provided by the present invention is provided with side water holes 6, and drilling fluid is sprayed through the side water holes 6 to prevent mud packing of the drill bit during drilling; in addition, the present invention has high flexibility and strong adaptability to formations.

[0042] As an optional implementation, the mounting end of the cutting tooth 4 is a cylindrical structure, and the shape of the mounting end of the cutting tooth 4 matches the second sleeve 16.

[0043] As an optional embodiment, the compressed advancement structure includes a casing 16 adapted to the shape of the cutting tooth 4 and a limit block 17 arranged on the outside of the cutting tooth 4, the casing 16 is installed in the PDC blade 3, the outer wall of the cutting tooth 4 is slidingly and sealingly connected to the inner wall of the casing 16, and the limit block 17 is set at the extreme position of the cutting tooth 3 sliding into and out of the casing 16; the function of the limit block 35 is to limit the cutting tooth 4 when it reaches the extreme position.

[0044] As an optional implementation, the mounting end of the cutting tooth 4 is a cylindrical structure, and the shape of the mounting end of the cutting tooth 4 matches the second sleeve 16.

[0045] As an optional embodiment, the inner wall of the hydraulic chamber 1 7 is provided with two sets of stop pins 23 at the upper and lower limit positions corresponding to the piston 8. The two sets of stop pins 23 are provided for braking the piston 8 at the upper and lower limit positions.

[0046] As an optional implementation, the roller drill bit 2 and the PDC blade 3 are arranged at intervals.

[0047] As an optional embodiment, the number of the roller drill bit 2 and the number of the PDC blades 3 are three or four.

[0048] In this embodiment, the number of the roller drill bit 2 and the number of the PDC blades 3 are four.

[0049] As an optional embodiment, there are three or four water holes, which are used for cleaning the wellbore during normal drilling. The number of the water holes 11 is the same as the number of the roller drill bit 2 or the PDC blade 3.

[0050] As an optional embodiment, a biasing elastic device 25 is further included, one end of the biasing elastic device 25 is connected to the piston 8, and the other end of the biasing elastic device 25 is connected to the bottom of the hydraulic chamber 7.

[0051] As an optional embodiment, a second biasing elastic device 26 is further included, one end of the second biasing elastic device 26 is connected to the sliding block 20 , and the other end of the second biasing elastic device 26 is connected to the top of the second hydraulic chamber 19 .

[0052] As an optional embodiment, the bias elastic device 1 25 and the bias elastic device 2 26 are both composed of multiple groups of springs. The bias elastic device 1 25 and the bias elastic device 2 26 respectively keep the piston 8 and the sliding block 20 in a certain position in the hydraulic chamber 1 7 and the hydraulic chamber 2 19, which not only provide the starting pressure for the adaptive lifting of the roller drill 2, but also provide the piston 8 and the sliding block 20 with a restoring force. Of course, the selection of the bias elastic device 1 25 and the bias elastic device 2 26 is not limited to the method disclosed in the present invention, and other elastic elements similar to springs can also be selected.

[0053] As an optional implementation, the cutting teeth 4 are made of PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) material; of course, other materials can be selected according to the adaptability of different formations.

[0054] As an optional implementation, a one-way valve 28 is connected to the liquid inlet end of the drilling fluid main flow channel 12 .

[0055] In this embodiment, the gear connecting rod 9 is provided with an oil filling hole 30 for injecting lubricating oil.

[0056] The working process of the present invention is:

[0057] S1. Connect the drill bit to the drill string through the drill bit connecting column 1, lower it into the bottom of the well, and rotate it for drilling. At this time, the valve core 22 is in the initial position (one end of the valve core 22 extends into the drilling fluid flow channel 1 13), the cross-sectional area of ​​the drilling fluid flow channel 1 13 at the valve core 22 is also the original size, the drill bit is in a normal drilling state, and the drilling fluid is sprayed out from the water hole 11 and the side water hole 6 through the drilling fluid flow channel 1 13 and the drilling fluid flow channel 2 14;

[0058] S2. When the pressure on the cutting tooth 4 increases due to the formation lithology, if the cutting tooth 4 is subjected to a pressure exceeding a certain value, the outer wall of the cutting tooth 4 will slide into the hydraulic oil cavity 33 along the inner wall of the casing 31, that is, it will be partially retracted into the PDC blade 3, and the pressure will be transmitted to the sliding block 20 through the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil flow channel 18, and the sliding block 20 will move downward together with the valve core 22; when the valve core 22 moves downward, the cross-sectional area of ​​the drilling fluid flow channel 13 at the valve core 22 is increased. The drilling fluid will become larger, and more drilling fluid will enter the drilling fluid flow channel 13, and more drilling fluid will flow into the hydraulic chamber 7. The drilling fluid will be ejected from the side water hole 6. Since the size of the side water hole 6 is fixed, the larger the flow rate of the drilling fluid ejected from the side water hole 6, the greater the speed, and the greater the internal pressure, the greater the force on the piston 8, and the force on the piston 8 increases. The piston 8 will slide downward, and at the same time drive the roller drill bit 2 to slide downward, and the depth of the roller drill bit 2 cutting into the formation increases. When the force on the cutting teeth 4 is reduced, the stick-slip vibration is relieved;

[0059] S3, the sliding block 20 and the piston 8 return to their initial positions under the action of the biasing elastic device 26 and the biasing elastic device 1 25, the cross-sectional area of ​​the drilling fluid flow channel 13 at the valve core 22 also returns to its original size, and the drill bit gradually returns to the normal drilling state.

[0060] Embodiment 2:

[0061] The difference from Example 1 is:

[0062] In this embodiment, there are three roller drill bits 2 and three PDC blades 3. Of course, the number of roller drill bits 2 and three PDC blades 3 can be set as needed and is not limited to the number disclosed in the present invention.

[0063] The rest is the same as Example 1.

Claims

1. A composite drill bit with side water holes based on stick-slip vibration self-adaptation, comprising a columnar drill bit connecting column and a drill bit body connected to the drill bit connecting column, characterized in that: The drill bit body comprises at least three roller bits and at least three PDC blades, and cutting teeth are installed on the outer side of the PDC blades; wherein, a tooth claw is provided on the drill bit body at the installation position corresponding to each roller bit, and a side water hole is provided on the tooth claw, and a hydraulic chamber 1 is provided in the tooth claw, and the side water hole is communicated with the hydraulic chamber 1; a piston is provided at the bottom of the hydraulic chamber 1, and a roller connecting rod is connected to the piston, and the end of the roller connecting rod away from the piston is connected to the roller bit; A drilling fluid injection channel is provided inside the drill bit body, and a water hole is provided at the bottom of the drill bit body; a drilling fluid main flow channel communicating with the drilling fluid injection channel, a drilling fluid flow channel 1 communicating with a hydraulic chamber 1, and a drilling fluid flow channel 2 communicating with the water hole are provided inside the drill bit body; The drilling fluid main flow channel is connected with drilling fluid flow channel 1 and drilling fluid flow channel 2 respectively, and also includes a flow limiting device for limiting the flow of drilling fluid flow channel 1; the flow limiting device includes a mounting shell with a flow limiting cavity and a hydraulic flow limiting device, and the bottom of the drilling fluid flow channel 1 is connected with a casing 1; the hydraulic flow limiting device includes a hydraulic oil flow channel in a drill bit body, a hydraulic chamber 2 communicating with the hydraulic oil flow channel, a sliding block arranged in the hydraulic chamber 2, a connecting rod connected to the sliding block, and a valve core connected to an end of the connecting rod away from the sliding block; the shape of the valve core is adapted to the casing 1, and the outer wall of the valve core is slidingly and sealingly connected to the inner wall of the casing 1, and the valve core is provided with a limit block 1 at the extreme position of sliding into the casing 1; the hydraulic chamber 2, the connecting rod, the valve core and the connection between the drilling fluid main flow channel and the drilling fluid flow channel 1 are all arranged in the flow limiting cavity of the mounting shell; The PDC blade has a hydraulic oil cavity for containing hydraulic oil, one end of the hydraulic oil flow channel away from the second hydraulic cavity is in communication with the hydraulic oil cavity, the cutting tooth is installed on the outside of the PDC blade through a compressed insertion structure, the installation position of the cutting tooth corresponds to the hydraulic oil cavity, and the installation end of the cutting tooth can slide into the hydraulic oil cavity through the compressed insertion structure; The inner wall of the hydraulic chamber 1 is provided with two sets of stop pins at the upper and lower limit positions corresponding to the piston; The roller drill bit and the PDC blade are arranged at intervals.

2. The composite drill bit with side water holes based on stick-slip vibration adaptation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The number of the roller drill bit and the number of the PDC blades are both set to three or four.

3. The composite drill bit with side water holes based on stick-slip vibration adaptation according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a biasing elastic device 1, one end of which is connected to the sliding block, and the other end of which is connected to the top of the hydraulic chamber 2.

4. The composite drill bit with side water holes based on stick-slip vibration self-adaptation according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a second biasing elastic device, one end of which is connected to the piston, and the other end of which is connected to the bottom of the first hydraulic chamber.

5. The composite drill bit with side water holes based on stick-slip vibration adaptation according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The first biasing elastic device and the second biasing elastic device are both composed of multiple groups of springs.

6. The composite drill bit with side water holes based on stick-slip vibration adaptation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid inlet end of the drilling fluid main flow channel is connected with a one-way valve.

7. The composite drill bit with side water holes based on stick-slip vibration adaptation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compressed advancement structure includes a second casing adapted to the shape of the cutting tooth and a second limit block arranged on the outside of the cutting tooth. The second casing is installed in the PDC blade, and the outer wall of the cutting tooth is slidably and sealingly connected to the inner wall of the second casing. The second limit block is set at the extreme position where the cutting tooth slides into the second casing.

8. The composite drill bit with side water holes based on stick-slip vibration adaptation according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The mounting end of the cutting tooth is a cylindrical structure, and the shape of the mounting end of the cutting tooth matches the second sleeve.

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