A crawler-type open TBM used in coal mine rock tunnel construction

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel boring machines, and in particular, relates to a crawler-walking open-type TBM used in the construction of coal mine rock tunnels. It can solve the technical problems of the main machine head and inflexible steering of conventional TBM models during the construction of coal mine tunnels. It includes a main beam and a cutterhead; the main beam is equipped with a main drive system and a belt conveyor, and the main drive system is connected to the cutterhead; and the main drive system and the cutterhead are both installed in a shield, and the shield is hinged to a temporary support through a temporary support cylinder; the main beam is equipped with a main push cylinder, the cylinder rod of the main push cylinder is connected to one end of the support shoe, and the other end of the support shoe is connected to the saddle frame through a tightening cylinder; the saddle frame realizes the forward and backward sliding function on the main beam through the extension and retraction of the main push cylinder; the lower part of the saddle frame is connected to a crawler walking mechanism, and an anchor drill is installed on the main beam, and the anchor drill and the temporary support are used in conjunction for the first-time anchor support.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel boring machines, and in particular relates to a crawler-walking open-type TBM used in coal mine rock tunnel construction. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the vigorous development of national infrastructure, the dependence on coal resources has gradually increased. For coal enterprises, higher requirements have been put forward. There are many factors affecting coal excavation. Among them, tunneling construction technology is an important influencing factor, which directly determines the mining effect of coal enterprises and also has a direct impact on the economic benefits of coal enterprises themselves.

[0003] At present, coal mine tunnel excavation has gradually developed from traditional drilling and blasting + comprehensive excavation construction to automation and intelligence, and TBM technology for factory-based tunnel operations has been applied in coal mine tunnel construction.

[0004] However, since the rock strata in coal mine tunnels are mainly sedimentary rocks, the bottom plate is relatively soft and cannot bear the weight of conventional TBM mainframes, and the TBM head is often loaded or even stuck during construction. In addition, the underground space in coal mines is limited, and the lifting capacity is generally insufficient. Especially in the construction of multiple tunnels, the frequent transfer and disassembly of TBMs takes up a lot of construction time, which is one of the main factors restricting the application of TBMs in coal mine engineering. Therefore, the research and development of a crawler-walking open TBM for coal mine rock tunnel construction has always been a new issue that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims at the defects of the prior art and provides a crawler-walking open-type TBM used for coal mine rock tunnel construction. The crawler-walking open-type TBM used for coal mine rock tunnel construction is used for coal mine rock tunnel engineering construction.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme, including a main beam and a cutter disc; it is characterized in that a main drive system and a belt conveyor are installed on the main beam, and the main drive system is connected to the cutter disc; and the main drive system and the cutter disc are both installed in a shield, and the shield is hinged to a temporary support through a temporary support cylinder.

[0007] A main push cylinder is installed on the main beam, the cylinder rod of the main push cylinder is connected to one end of the support shoe, and the other end of the support shoe is connected to the saddle frame through the tightening cylinder; the saddle frame realizes the forward and backward sliding function on the main beam through the extension and retraction of the main push cylinder.

[0008] The saddle frame is connected to a crawler walking mechanism at the bottom, and an anchor drill is installed on the main beam. The anchor drill is used in conjunction with a temporary support for immediate anchor support.

[0009] Furthermore, the crawler walking mechanism includes a track wheel and a track wheel bracket, the track wheel is connected to the track wheel bracket through a ball joint, and the track adjustment cylinder connects the track wheel and the track wheel bracket to adjust the walking angle of the track wheel; (the cylinder rod of the cylinder is hinged to the track wheel, and the cylinder seat is hinged to the track wheel bracket;) the rear of the track wheel is connected to the track drive motor to drive the track wheel to walk.

[0010] Furthermore, the crawler open-type TBM has three operating modes: hard rock excavation mode, soft rock excavation mode and rapid transfer mode.

[0011] Furthermore, when the hardness of the tunnel rock is above f3, the hard rock excavation mode is adopted: the tightening cylinder is extended to make the tightening shoe tighten the tunnel wall to provide a support reaction force for the equipment excavation, and the crawler walking mechanism is in the parking state; the main drive system drives the cutter head to rotate to crush the rock on the face, and at the same time the main push cylinder is extended, and the equipment starts to excavate forward.

[0012] During the excavation process, automatic anchor support is carried out through an anchor drilling rig. Under the action of the temporary support cylinder, the angle of the temporary support can be adjusted according to the conditions of the tunnel surrounding rock, and the steel mesh can be fixed on the tunnel wall.

[0013] The slag excavated by the cutter disc is discharged to the tail of the TBM through a belt conveyor; after the main push cylinder reaches its stroke, the tightening cylinder retracts, and after the support shoe leaves the hole wall, the main push cylinder retracts, driving the saddle frame and crawler walking mechanism to reset, completing a working cycle.

[0014] Furthermore, when the hardness of the tunnel rock is less than f3, the soft rock excavation mode is adopted: the crawler drive motor drives the crawler walking mechanism to drive the whole machine forward, and at the same time the main drive system drives the cutter head to rotate to crush the rock on the face; the slag excavated by the cutter head can be discharged to the tail of the TBM through a belt conveyor, and automatic anchor support is carried out through the anchor drilling rig during the excavation process to achieve fast and safe excavation in soft rock formations.

[0015] Furthermore, when the TBM completes a section and needs to move to another site, it switches to the rapid transfer mode: the entire TBM is quickly moved to the next working surface by the crawler walking mechanism driven by the crawler drive motor.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has beneficial effects.

[0017] The present invention has three working modes: hard rock excavation, soft rock excavation and rapid transfer. It can flexibly adapt to various soft and hard geological conditions in coal mine rock tunnels. It is safe, reliable and highly efficient. Combining TBM technology with the need for lightweight and flexibility of equipment in coal mine rock tunnel construction can solve the technical problems of conventional TBM models in the process of coal mine tunnel construction, such as the main machine head and inflexible steering. The crawler walking structure means that the TBM does not need to be disassembled and assembled on a large scale during transfer, which reduces the construction period and cost of transfer and increases the application scope of TBM in coal mine rock tunnel construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a crawler-type open TBM used in coal mine rock tunnel construction according to a specific embodiment.

[0020] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Right view of .

[0021] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of part I. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the present invention includes a cutter head 1, a shield 2, a main drive system 3, a temporary support cylinder 4, a temporary support 5, an anchor drilling rig 6, a main beam 7, a support shoe 8, a main push cylinder 9, a belt conveyor 10, a crawler walking mechanism 11, a saddle frame 12, a tightening cylinder 13, a track wheel 14, a track adjustment cylinder 15, a ball joint 16, a track wheel bracket 17, and a track drive motor 18. The cutter disc 1 is connected to the main drive system 3 and installed inside the shield 2. The temporary support 5 is hinged to the shield 2 through the temporary support cylinder 4. The main beam 7 is fixedly connected to the main drive system 3, and the belt conveyor 10 is fixed inside the main beam 7; one end of the support shoe 8 is fixed to the main beam 7 through the main push cylinder 9, and the other end is connected to the saddle frame 12 through the tightening cylinder 13. The saddle frame 12 realizes the forward and backward sliding function on the main beam 7 through the extension and contraction of the main push cylinder 9; the crawler walking mechanism 11 is connected to the saddle frame 12, and the track wheel is connected to the track wheel bracket 17 through the ball joint 16. The track adjustment cylinder 15 connects the track wheel 14 and the track wheel bracket 17 to adjust the walking angle of the track wheel 14. The track drive motor 18 is connected to the rear of the track wheel 14 to drive the track wheel 14 to walk; an anchor drilling rig 6 is installed on the main beam 7, and is used in conjunction with the temporary support 5 for the first-time anchor support.

[0023] The crawler-type open-type TBM has three working states: hard rock excavation mode, soft rock excavation mode and rapid transition mode. Its working principle is as follows: when the hardness of the tunnel rock is above f3, the hard rock mode is adopted for excavation: the tightening cylinder 13 is extended to make the tightening shoe 8 tighten the tunnel wall to provide a supporting reaction force for the equipment to excavate. At this time, the crawler walking mechanism 11 is in the parking state; the main drive system 3 drives the cutter head 1 to rotate to crush the rock on the face, and at the same time the main push cylinder 9 is extended, and the equipment starts to excavate forward; during the excavation process, the anchor drill 6 arranged on the main beam 7 can be used for automatic anchor support, and the temporary support 5 Under the action of the temporary support cylinder 4, the angle can be adjusted according to the situation of the tunnel surrounding rock, and the support materials such as the steel mesh can be temporarily fixed on the tunnel wall, so as to match the TBM excavation speed while ensuring the safety of the construction operation. The anchor drill 6 performs automated anchor operation to provide guarantee for the rapid and safe support of tunnel excavation; the slag excavated by the cutter head 1 can be discharged to the tail of the TBM through the belt conveyor 10; after the main push cylinder 9 reaches the stroke, the tightening cylinder 13 retracts, and after the support shoe 8 leaves the tunnel wall, the main push cylinder 9 retracts, driving the saddle frame 12 and the crawler walking mechanism 11 to reset, and the whole machine completes a working cycle.

[0024] When the hardness of the tunnel rock is less than f3, soft rock mode is adopted for excavation: the crawler drive motor 18 drives the crawler walking mechanism 11 to drive the whole machine to advance, and at the same time the main drive system 3 drives the cutter head 1 to rotate to crush the rock on the face. The slag excavated by the cutter head 1 can be discharged to the tail of the TBM through the belt conveyor 10. During the excavation process, automatic anchor support is carried out through the anchor drill rig 6 arranged on the main beam 7, so as to achieve rapid and safe excavation in soft rock formations.

[0025] When the TBM completes a section and needs to move to another site, it switches to the rapid transfer mode: at this time, the entire TBM is quickly moved to the next working surface by the crawler walking mechanism 11 driven by the crawler drive motor 18, solving the problem that conventional TBM models have no autonomous walking function and the need for disassembly and assembly during transfer causes waste of construction time.

[0026] It can be understood that the above specific description of the present invention is only used to illustrate the present invention and is not limited to the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents to achieve the same technical effects; as long as the use requirements are met, they are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crawler-type open TBM used for coal mine rock tunnel construction, comprising a main beam and a cutterhead; characterized in that: The main beam is equipped with a main drive system and a belt conveyor, and the main drive system is connected to the cutter disc; and the main drive system and the cutter disc are both installed in the shield, and the shield is hinged to the temporary support through a temporary support cylinder; A main push cylinder is installed on the main beam, the cylinder rod of the main push cylinder is connected to one end of the support shoe, and the other end of the support shoe is connected to the saddle frame through the tightening cylinder; the saddle frame can slide forward and backward on the main beam through the extension and retraction of the main push cylinder; The saddle frame is connected to a crawler walking mechanism below, and an anchor drill is installed on the main beam. The anchor drill is used in conjunction with a temporary support for immediate anchor support; The crawler walking mechanism includes a crawler wheel and a crawler wheel bracket, wherein the crawler wheel is connected to the crawler wheel bracket through a ball joint, and the crawler wheel and the crawler wheel bracket are connected by a crawler adjustment cylinder to adjust the walking angle of the crawler wheel; the rear of the crawler wheel is connected to a crawler drive motor to drive the crawler wheel to walk; The crawler-type open-type TBM has three operating modes: hard rock excavation mode, soft rock excavation mode and rapid transfer mode; Hard rock excavation mode: The holding cylinder extends to make the holding shoe hold the tunnel wall tightly, providing a support reaction force for the equipment to excavate, and the crawler walking mechanism is in the parking state; the main drive system drives the cutter head to rotate to crush the rock on the tunnel face, and at the same time the main push cylinder extends, and the equipment starts to excavate forward; During the excavation process, the bolting machine is used for automatic bolting support. The temporary support can adjust the angle according to the surrounding rock conditions of the tunnel under the action of the temporary support cylinder to fix the steel mesh on the tunnel wall; The slag excavated by the cutterhead is discharged to the tail of the TBM through a belt conveyor; after the main push cylinder reaches its stroke, the tension cylinder retracts, and after the tensioner leaves the hole wall, the main push cylinder retracts, driving the saddle frame and crawler walking mechanism to reset, completing a working cycle; Soft rock excavation mode: The crawler drive motor drives the crawler travel mechanism to drive the whole machine forward, while the main drive system drives the cutter head to rotate and crush the rock on the face. The slag excavated by the cutter head can be discharged to the tail of the TBM through a belt conveyor. During the excavation process, the bolting rig is used for automatic bolting support, realizing fast and safe excavation in soft rock formations. Fast transition mode: The TBM is quickly moved to the next working surface by the crawler travel mechanism driven by the crawler drive motor.

Images