Arcuate steel form jumbo and tunnel construction method using the same

Abstract

The application discloses a circular-arc steel form trolley and a tunnel construction method using the same, and relates to the technical field of building. The circular-arc steel form trolley comprises a second portal, lifting devices are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the second portal; a first portal is arranged in the second portal, and the second portal and the first portal can move relative to each other; a form supporting mechanism comprises a formwork assembly, a first driving oil cylinder, a second driving oil cylinder, a third driving oil cylinder and a fourth driving oil cylinder, and the formwork assembly comprises an upper formwork, a first upper side formwork, a first lower side formwork, a lower formwork, a second lower side formwork and a second upper side formwork which are sequentially connected and arranged around the first portal. The lower formwork is detachably connected to other formwork assemblies, the other formwork assemblies can be closer to the first portal in the demolding process, the structure is more compact, the knocking situation can be reduced, and the demolding efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of construction technology, in particular to an arc steel mold trolley and a tunnel construction method using the same. Background Art

[0002] For tunnels with high sealing requirements, secondary lining is required after shield construction to meet the requirements of reinforcement support, sealing and waterproofing. In related technologies, the secondary lining construction of tunnels generally requires the use of a trolley for pouring, and the trolley's template is driven by a cylinder to support or demold. However, the traditional trolley demolds from top to bottom in the demolding process, resulting in low demolding efficiency. Moreover, after demolding, the template is close to the inner wall of the tunnel, which is easy to collide with the inner wall of the tunnel during the movement of the trolley. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes an arc steel mold trolley that can improve demoulding efficiency, increase the distance between the mold assembly and the tunnel inner wall after demoulding, and reduce collisions.

[0004] The present invention also proposes a construction method based on the above-mentioned arc steel mold trolley.

[0005] The arc steel mold trolley according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0006] First mast;

[0007] A second gantry, with lifting devices provided at both the front and rear ends, the second gantry being passed through the first gantry, and the second gantry and the first gantry being able to move relative to each other;

[0008] The formwork mechanism includes a formwork assembly, a first driving oil cylinder, a second driving oil cylinder, a third driving oil cylinder and a fourth driving oil cylinder. The formwork assembly includes an upper formwork, a first upper side formwork, a second upper side formwork, a first lower side formwork, a second lower side formwork and a lower formwork;

[0009] The upper template is located above the first portal, and the lower template is located below the first portal. The upper template, the first upper template, the first lower template, the lower template, the second lower template, and the second upper template are sequentially connected and arranged around the first portal, and the lower template is detachably connected to the first lower template and the second lower template.

[0010] Two ends of the first driving cylinder are respectively hinged to the first upper formwork and the first gantry, two ends of the second driving cylinder are respectively hinged to the second upper formwork and the first gantry, two ends of the third driving cylinder are respectively hinged to one end of the first upper formwork close to the first lower formwork and one end of the first lower formwork close to the first upper formwork, and two ends of the fourth driving cylinder are respectively hinged to one end of the second upper formwork close to the second lower formwork and one end of the second lower formwork close to the second upper formwork;

[0011] The length of the second door frame along the front-to-back direction is L1, the length of the template assembly along the front-to-back direction is L2, and L1 and L2 satisfy L1 / L2≥2.

[0012] The arc steel mold trolley according to the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0013] The arc steel formwork trolley is demoulded first. Before demoulding, the lower formwork needs to be removed so that the first lower side formwork and the second lower side formwork can be demoulded by the drive of the third driving cylinder and the fourth driving cylinder. The upper formwork can be lowered by the lifting device to achieve gravity demoulding, which reduces the difficulty of demoulding, improves the demoulding efficiency, and further improves the efficiency of the secondary lining construction of the tunnel; and the formwork assembly can be more retracted to the first gantry in the demoulding state, effectively avoiding the collision of the first gantry with the inner wall of the tunnel during movement, thereby improving the safety of construction.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the upper template includes a first reinforcing rib plate and a first ear plate device, wherein the first reinforcing rib plates are provided in plurality and are spaced apart on the inner surface of the upper template, the first ear plate devices are provided in plurality and are spaced apart along the edge of the upper template close to the second upper template, and the first ear plate device is provided with a first connection hole, which protrudes from the first reinforcing rib plate;

[0015] The second upper formwork includes a second reinforcing rib plate and a second ear plate device, wherein the second reinforcing rib plates are multiple and are spaced apart on the inner surface of the second upper formwork, the second ear plate device is multiple and is spaced apart along the edge of the second upper formwork close to the second upper formwork, and the second ear plate device is provided with a second connection hole, which protrudes from the second reinforcing rib plate;

[0016] In which, the formwork supporting mechanism also includes a connecting shaft, which is passed through the first connecting hole and the second connecting hole to hinge the upper formwork and the second upper side formwork, and the rotation center of the upper formwork and the second upper side formwork protrudes from the first reinforcing rib plate and the second reinforcing rib plate.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the arc steel mold trolley further includes a hydraulic pump, a reversing valve and a synchronization valve, and the hydraulic pump, the reversing valve, the synchronization valve and the plurality of first driving cylinders are connected to form a synchronization circuit.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the second door frame includes a guide rail extending in a front-to-rear direction, and the first door frame includes a guide wheel rolling in conjunction with the guide rail.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present invention, at least two of the guide rails are spaced apart at the upper and lower ends of the second gantry, and at least two rows of guide wheel groups corresponding to the guide rails are spaced apart at the upper and lower ends of the first gantry, each row of the guide wheel groups includes a plurality of the guide wheels, and the plurality of guide wheels are spaced apart along the extension direction of the guide rails.

[0020] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the formwork mechanism also includes a plurality of end form units, which are arranged at the end of the forward direction of the formwork assembly and are arranged around the formwork assembly, and the end form unit includes a first baffle, a second baffle, a limiting member, a rotating member, a support rod and a limiting screw, the first baffle and the second baffle are spaced apart along the radial direction of the formwork assembly, the first baffle and the second baffle are connected by the limiting member, one end of the rotating member is fixedly connected to the first baffle and / or the second baffle, and the other end of the rotating member is hinged to the formwork assembly so that the first baffle and the second baffle can be rotatably connected to the formwork assembly, one end of the support rod is fixedly connected to the formwork assembly, the other end of the support rod is hinged to one end of the limiting screw, and the other end of the limiting screw is hinged to the first baffle or the second baffle, and the limiting screw is used to adjust the position of the end form unit or fix the position of the end form unit.

[0021] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a first supporting device is provided at both the front and rear ends of the first gantry, and the first supporting device includes a limiting oil cylinder and a first supporting beam. The limiting oil cylinder is connected to the first gantry, and the first supporting beam is connected to the output end of the limiting oil cylinder so that the first supporting beam abuts against the wall of the tunnel or the steel bars fixed to the wall of the tunnel.

[0022] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a second supporting device is provided at both front and rear ends of the second gantry, the second supporting device includes a connecting member, a second supporting beam and an adjusting cylinder, the connecting member is connected to the lifting device, and two moving members are provided at the lower end of the lifting device, and the two moving members are spaced apart along the front and rear directions of the lifting device, the second supporting beam extends along the left and right directions and is slidably connected to the moving members, one end of the adjusting cylinder is connected to the connecting member, and the other end is connected to the second supporting beam to drive the second supporting beam and the second gantry to move relative to each other.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the formwork supporting mechanism also includes an adjusting screw, and the formwork assembly is hinged to the first door frame through the adjusting screw, and the adjusting screw includes a first screw, a second screw, an adjusting sleeve, a first nut and a second nut, and the first screw and the second screw are respectively screwed to the two ends of the adjusting sleeve, the first nut is screwed to the first screw to limit the relative rotation of the first screw and the adjusting sleeve, and the second nut is screwed to the second screw to limit the relative rotation of the second screw and the adjusting sleeve, and the adjusting screw is used to adjust or fix the position of the formwork assembly.

[0024] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the second supporting device further includes a partition, which is arranged between the second supporting beam and the lifting device and fixedly connected to the second supporting beam, and the partition is used to reduce the contact area between the second supporting beam and the lifting device.

[0025] According to a second embodiment of the present invention, the tunnel construction method comprises any one of the arc steel mold trolleys of the first aspect, wherein the second gantry comprises a first workstation and a second workstation along the length direction;

[0026] Tunnel construction methods include:

[0027] The first gantry moves from the first station to the second station;

[0028] The lifting device lifts the second gantry to a first target position;

[0029] The first driving cylinder, the second driving cylinder, the third driving cylinder and the fourth driving cylinder are driven respectively to move the first upper formwork, the second upper formwork, the first lower formwork and the second lower formwork to a pouring position;

[0030] Installing the lower template between the first lower template and the second lower template;

[0031] pouring concrete between the formwork assembly and the inner wall of the tunnel;

[0032] The lifting device is retracted and separated from the supporting surface of the tunnel;

[0033] The second gantry moves along the extension direction of the tunnel so that the first gantry switches from the second workstation to the first workstation;

[0034] The lifting device extends out and is supported on the supporting surface;

[0035] disassembling the lower template;

[0036] The first driving cylinder, the second driving cylinder, the third driving cylinder and the fourth driving cylinder are driven respectively to reset and demould the first upper template, the second upper template, the first lower template and the second lower template;

[0037] The lifting device drives the second door frame to descend to a second target position to demould the upper template.

[0038] The tunnel construction method according to the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0039] The arc steel formwork trolley is demoulded first. Before demoulding, the lower formwork needs to be removed so that the first lower side formwork and the second lower side formwork can be demoulded under the drive of the third driving cylinder and the fourth driving cylinder. The upper formwork can be lowered by the lifting device to achieve gravity demoulding, which reduces the difficulty of demoulding, improves the demoulding efficiency, and further improves the efficiency of the secondary lining construction of the tunnel; and the formwork assembly can be more retracted to the first gantry in the demoulding state, effectively avoiding the collision of the first gantry with the inner wall of the tunnel during movement, thereby improving the safety of construction.

[0040] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a tunnel construction method based on an arc steel formwork trolley is provided, wherein the arc steel formwork trolley includes a first gantry, a second gantry and a formwork supporting mechanism, the second gantry is provided with a lifting device at both ends along the front-to-back direction, the second gantry is provided with a first workstation and a second workstation along the front-to-back direction, the first gantry is movably mounted on the second gantry and can move between the first workstation and the second workstation; the formwork supporting mechanism includes a template assembly, a first driving oil cylinder, a second driving oil cylinder, a third driving oil cylinder and a fourth driving oil cylinder, the template assembly includes a first upper template, a second upper template, a first lower template, a second lower template and a lower template; the upper template is located above the first gantry and below the first gantry, the upper template, the first upper template, the first lower template, the lower template, the second lower template The side formwork and the second upper formwork are connected in sequence and arranged around the first portal frame, and the lower formwork is detachably connected to the first lower formwork and the second lower formwork; the two ends of the first driving cylinder are respectively hinged to the first upper formwork and the first portal frame, the two ends of the second driving cylinder are respectively hinged to the second upper formwork and the first portal frame, the two ends of the third driving cylinder are respectively hinged to one end of the first upper formwork close to the first lower formwork and one end of the first lower formwork close to the first upper formwork, and the two ends of the fourth driving cylinder are respectively hinged to one end of the second upper formwork close to the second lower formwork and one end of the second lower formwork close to the second upper formwork; in the front-to-back direction, the length of the second portal frame is L1, and the length of the formwork assembly is L2, satisfying: L1 / L2≥2;

[0041] The construction method comprises:

[0042] erecting a first steel mesh frame on the inner wall of the tunnel;

[0043] The first gantry moves from the first station to the second station;

[0044] The lifting device drives the second gantry to rise to a first target position so that the upper template is matched with the corresponding part of the first steel mesh frame;

[0045] The first driving cylinder, the second driving cylinder, the third driving cylinder and the fourth driving cylinder are driven respectively to move the first upper formwork, the second upper formwork, the first lower formwork and the second lower formwork to positions that cooperate with the first reinforcement grid;

[0046] Installing the lower template between the first lower template and the second lower template;

[0047] pouring concrete between the formwork assembly and the inner wall of the tunnel;

[0048] The lifting device is retracted and separated from the supporting surface of the tunnel;

[0049] The second gantry moves along the extension direction of the tunnel so that the first gantry switches from the second workstation to the first workstation;

[0050] The lifting device extends out and is supported on the supporting surface;

[0051] disassembling the lower template;

[0052] The first driving cylinder, the second driving cylinder, the third driving cylinder and the fourth driving cylinder are driven respectively to reset and demould the first upper template, the second upper template, the first lower template and the second lower template;

[0053] The lifting device drives the second door frame to descend to a second target position to demould the upper template.

[0054] The tunnel construction method based on the arc steel formwork trolley according to the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0055] In the construction of the secondary lining of a tunnel, an embodiment of the present invention adopts an arc steel formwork trolley to realize the integral casting of the secondary lining of a cylindrical tunnel segment. The arc steel formwork trolley moves along the extension direction of the tunnel and continues to cast the secondary lining of the remaining tunnel segments. The arc steel formwork trolley includes a first gantry, a second gantry and a formwork mechanism. The second gantry is provided with a first workstation and a second workstation. The first gantry is fixedly connected to the formwork mechanism and movably mounted on the second gantry, so that it can switch positions between the first workstation and the second workstation. The second gantry is supported on the support surface of the tunnel. The formwork mechanism, driven by the first gantry, can complete the processes of formwork, casting, and forming at the second workstation. At the same time, before demolding, the second gantry detaches from the support surface and moves along the extension direction of the tunnel, so that the formwork mechanism switches to the first workstation. The second gantry is supported on the support surface of the tunnel again. At this time, the formwork mechanism completes demolding at the first workstation and moves to the second workstation again to realize the processes of formwork, casting, and forming of the secondary lining of the next tunnel segment, thereby realizing the cycle of integral casting of the secondary lining of the tunnel segment. The embodiment of the present invention realizes the integral pouring of the secondary lining of multiple tunnel segments through the step-changing operation of the second gantry and the formwork mechanism, thereby improving the efficiency of the secondary lining construction. The formwork mechanism includes a formwork assembly, a first driving cylinder, a second driving cylinder, a third driving cylinder and a fourth driving cylinder, and the formwork assembly includes a first upper formwork, a second upper formwork, a first lower formwork, a second lower formwork and a lower formwork; the upper formwork is located above the first gantry, the lower formwork is located below the first gantry, and is detachably connected to the first lower formwork and the second lower formwork, the two ends of the first driving cylinder are respectively hinged to the first upper formwork and the first gantry, the two ends of the second driving cylinder are respectively hinged to the second upper formwork and the first gantry, the two ends of the third driving cylinder are respectively hinged to one end of the first upper formwork close to the first lower formwork and one end of the first lower formwork close to the first upper formwork, and the two ends of the fourth driving cylinder are respectively hinged to the second upper formwork One end of the side formwork is close to the second lower formwork and one end of the second lower formwork is close to the second upper formwork; through the above-mentioned connection method, the first upper formwork and the first lower formwork can be synchronously demoulded by the first driving cylinder and the third driving cylinder respectively, and the second upper formwork and the second lower formwork can be synchronously demoulded by the second driving cylinder and the fourth driving cylinder respectively, and the upper formwork can be lowered by the lifting device to achieve gravity demoulding, which reduces the difficulty of demoulding, improves the demoulding efficiency, and further improves the efficiency of the secondary lining construction of the tunnel; and the formwork assembly can be more retracted to the first gantry in the demoulding state, effectively avoiding the collision of the first gantry with the inner wall of the tunnel during movement, thereby improving the safety of construction.

[0056] According to some embodiments of the present invention, before the second portal moves along the extension direction of the tunnel, the method includes: erecting a second steel mesh frame on the inner wall of the tunnel in the extension direction.

[0057] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first gantry is provided with a first supporting device at both ends along the front-to-back direction, the first supporting device comprising a limiting oil cylinder and a first supporting beam, the two ends of the limiting oil cylinder being respectively connected to the first gantry and the first supporting beam; before pouring concrete between the formwork assembly and the inner wall of the tunnel, the limiting oil cylinder also comprises: driving the first supporting beam to support the supporting surface of the tunnel; before the lifting device drives the second gantry to descend to the second target position, the limiting oil cylinder also comprises: retracting and disengaging from the supporting surface.

[0058] According to some embodiments of the present invention, after the first gantry moves from the first station to the second station, the method further includes: cleaning the outer surface of the template assembly.

[0059] According to some embodiments of the present invention, cleaning the outer surface of the formwork assembly includes: cleaning the concrete and curing agent on the outer surfaces of the first upper formwork, the second upper formwork, the first lower formwork and the second lower formwork; and applying a release agent on the outer surfaces of the first upper formwork, the second upper formwork, the first lower formwork and the second lower formwork.

[0060] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the formwork mechanism further includes a plurality of end form units, which are arranged around the front end portion of the formwork assembly along the moving direction of the formwork mechanism, and the end form unit includes a first baffle, a second baffle, a limiting member, a rotating member, a support rod and a limiting screw. The first baffle and the second baffle are spaced apart in the radial direction of the formwork assembly and form a communication port. The first baffle and the second baffle are connected via the limiting member. One end of the rotating member is fixedly connected to the first baffle and / or the second baffle, and the other end of the rotating member is hinged to the formwork assembly. One end of the limiting screw is fixedly connected to the formwork assembly via the support rod, and the other end is hinged to the first baffle or the second baffle. Before pouring concrete between the formwork assembly and the inner wall of the tunnel, the method further includes: installing a plurality of limiting screws, and supporting the plurality of end form units between the formwork assembly and the inner wall of the tunnel through the plurality of limiting screws. Before the lifting device drives the second gantry to descend to the second target position, the method further includes: removing the plurality of limiting screws and resetting the plurality of end form assemblies.

[0061] According to some embodiments of the present invention, after installing multiple limit screws and supporting multiple end mold units between the template assembly and the inner wall of the tunnel through the multiple limit screws, it also includes: installing embedded parts between the template assembly and the inner wall of the tunnel through the connecting port; and sealing the connecting port with a sealing strip.

[0062] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0063] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which:

[0064] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an arc steel mold trolley according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the formwork construction of an arc steel formwork trolley according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the demoulding construction of an arc steel mold trolley according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the retraction of the lifting device of the arc steel mold trolley according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Cross-sectional view in the AA direction;

[0069] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0070] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the template assembly coordination of the arc steel template trolley according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the template assembly coordination of the arc steel template trolley according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the template assembly coordination of the arc steel mold trolley according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a lifting device for an arc steel mold trolley according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 11 This is an exploded view of the second supporting device of the arc steel mold trolley according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a synchronous circuit of an arc steel mold trolley according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the adjusting screw of the arc steel mold trolley according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0077] Figure 14 This is an exploded diagram of an adjustment screw of an arc steel mold trolley according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 15 It is a schematic structural diagram of the end mold unit of the arc steel mold trolley according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0079] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended only to explain the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0080] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientations, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0081] In the description of the present invention, "several" means one or more, "many" means more than two, "greater than," "less than," and "exceed" are understood to exclude the number itself, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the number itself. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is solely for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, implicitly specifying the number of the indicated technical features, or implicitly specifying the order of the indicated technical features.

[0082] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, and connecting should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0083] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5The figure shows the overall structure of the arc steel formwork trolley 1000 provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which can be used for tunnel lining, especially for secondary lining after the initial support of the tunnel. The arc steel formwork trolley 1000 includes a second gantry 100, a first gantry 200 and a formwork support mechanism 300. A lifting device 110 is provided at both the front and rear ends of the second gantry 100, which is used to drive the second gantry 100 to rise or fall, thereby driving the first gantry 200 and the formwork support mechanism 300 to rise or fall; the second gantry 100 is partially inserted into the first gantry 200, and the second gantry 100 and the first gantry 200 can move relative to each other. When the second gantry 100 supports the first gantry 200, the first gantry 200 can move along the front and rear direction of the second gantry 100; when the first gantry 200 supports the second gantry 100, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the lifting device 110 is retracted, and the second gantry 100 can move along the front-rear direction of the first gantry 200, and the movement of the arc steel mold trolley 1000 is achieved by mutual support.

[0084] It should be noted that the relative movement of the second gantry 100 and the first gantry 200 can be achieved by a motor driving a gear, the gear and rack cooperating, or by a winch driving a wire rope, and the present invention does not impose any specific limitations thereon. The cooperation between the second gantry 100 and the first gantry 200 can be in the form of a ball and a slide groove, or in the form of a guide wheel 220 and a guide rail 130. In the following description of the present invention, the cooperation between the guide wheel 220 and the guide rail 130 is used as an example.

[0085] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the formwork of the arc steel formwork trolley 1000. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the arc steel mold trolley 1000 demoulding. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The section with the cross section is concrete, and the outer side of the concrete is the pipe segment. Figure 3 In order to facilitate observation, the structures of the lifting device 110 and the second supporting device 120 are hidden. The formwork mechanism 300 includes a template assembly 310, a first driving cylinder 320, a second driving cylinder 330, a third driving cylinder 340 and a fourth driving cylinder 350. The template assembly 310 includes an upper template 311, a first upper template 312, a first lower template 313, a lower template 314, a second lower template 315 and a second upper template 316. The upper template 311 is located above the first gantry 200, the first upper template 312 and the second upper template 316 are respectively located on the upper side of the first gantry 200 in the left and right directions, the first lower template 313 and the second lower template 315 are respectively located on the lower side of the first gantry 200 in the left and right directions, and the lower template 314 needs to refer to Figure 4As shown, the lower template 314 is located below the first portal 200. The upper template 311, the first upper template 312, the first lower template 313, the lower template 314, the second lower template 315, and the second upper template 316 are sequentially connected and arranged around the first portal 200. The lower template 314 is detachably connected to the first lower template 313 and the second lower template 315. The detachable connection of the lower template 314 facilitates demolding. Removing the lower template 314 before demolding allows the other templates to be closer to the first portal 200 during demolding.

[0086] Continue to refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, one end of the first driving cylinder 320 is hinged to the first upper template 312, and the other end of the first driving cylinder 320 is hinged to the first gantry 200. One end of the second driving cylinder 330 is hinged to the second upper template 316, and the other end is hinged to the first gantry 200. The first driving cylinder 320 and the second driving cylinder 330 can respectively drive the first upper template 312 or the second upper template 316 toward the first gantry 200 for demolding or away from the first gantry 200 for supporting the template. One end of the third driving cylinder 340 is hinged to the end of the first upper formwork 312 near the first lower formwork 313, and the other end of the third driving cylinder 340 is hinged to the end of the first lower formwork 313 near the first upper formwork 312. One end of the fourth driving cylinder 350 is hinged to the end of the second upper formwork 316 near the second lower formwork 315, and the other end of the third driving cylinder 340 is hinged to the end of the second lower formwork 315 near the second upper formwork 316. The third driving cylinder 340 and the fourth driving cylinder 350 can respectively drive the first lower formwork 313 and the second lower formwork 315 toward the first gantry 200 for demolding, or away from the first gantry 200 for supporting the formwork.

[0087] It will be appreciated that the third drive cylinder 340 is mounted on the first upper formwork 312 and the first lower formwork 313. The first drive cylinder 320 has minimal impact on the third drive cylinder 340 during actuation. Therefore, the first drive cylinder 320 and the third drive cylinder 340 can operate in conjunction, improving operational efficiency. The third drive cylinder 340 is not connected to the first gantry 200. This allows the first lower formwork 313 and the first upper formwork 312 to be closer to the first gantry 200 during demolding, reducing the chance of the formwork assembly 310 colliding with the tunnel wall. It should be noted that the functions of the second drive cylinder 330 and the fourth drive cylinder 350 are essentially the same as those of the first drive cylinder 320 and the third drive cylinder 340, and will not be further elaborated here.

[0088] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, the mold supporting mechanism 300 also includes a first adjusting screw 360, a second adjusting screw 370, a third adjusting screw 380 and a fourth adjusting screw 390. The first upper template 312 is hinged to the first door frame 200 through the first adjusting screw 360; the first lower template 313 is hinged to the first door frame 200 through the second adjusting screw 370; the second lower template 315 is hinged to the first door frame 200 through the third adjusting screw 380; and the second upper template 316 is hinged to the first door frame 200 through the fourth adjusting screw 390.

[0089] It is understood that since the first drive cylinder 320 driving the first upper formwork 312 to support the formwork may cause the first upper formwork 312 to deviate from its original position, preventing the pouring process from being completed satisfactorily, the first adjustment screw 360 is used to adjust the position of the first upper formwork 312. By varying the overall length of the first adjustment screw 360, the position of the first upper formwork 312 is adjusted to ensure that the first upper formwork 312 is in the proper pouring position. Once the position of the first upper formwork 312 is determined, the first adjustment screw 360 serves to secure the position of the first upper formwork 312, minimizing the possibility of positional changes due to a loss of pressure in the first drive cylinder 320. It should be noted that the functions and effects of the second adjustment screw 370, the third adjustment screw 380, and the fourth adjustment screw 390 are substantially similar to those of the first adjustment screw 360 and are not further described here. It should also be noted that the first adjusting screw 360, the second adjusting screw 370, the third adjusting screw 380 and the fourth adjusting screw 390 are all detachably connected. The first adjusting screw 360, the second adjusting screw 370, the third adjusting screw 380 and the fourth adjusting screw 390 are installed when supporting the mold, and are removed before demolding to avoid affecting the demolding of the template assembly 310.

[0090] Specifically, refer to Figure 13 and Figure 14As shown, in some embodiments, the fourth adjusting screw 390 includes a first screw 391, a first nut 392, a second nut 393, a second screw 394, and an adjusting sleeve 395. The first screw 391 and the second screw 394 are respectively screwed to opposite ends of the adjusting sleeve 395. The first nut 392 is screwed to the first screw 391 to limit relative rotation between the first screw 391 and the adjusting sleeve 395. The second nut 393 is screwed to the second screw 394 to limit relative rotation between the second screw 394 and the adjusting sleeve 395. The overall length of the fourth adjusting screw 390 is changed by rotating the adjusting sleeve 395 to adjust the position of the second upper template 316. After the position of the second upper template 316 is determined, the length of the fourth adjusting screw 390 is fixed by the first nut 392 and the second nut 393, thereby fixing the position of the second upper template 316. It should be noted that the structures and functions of the first adjusting screw 360 , the second adjusting screw 370 and the third adjusting screw 380 may refer to the fourth adjusting screw 390 , and will not be described in detail here.

[0091] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the length of the second portal 100 along the front-to-back direction is L1, and the length of the formwork assembly 310 along the front-to-back direction is L2. In some embodiments, the length of L1 is greater than or equal to twice L2. It will be appreciated that the formwork assembly 310 needs to move along the front-to-back direction of the second portal 100 to achieve different positions in the casting tunnel. Therefore, the length of the second portal 100 needs to be greater than or equal to twice that of the formwork assembly 310 to ensure smooth movement and demolding of the formwork assembly 310.

[0092] Reference Figure 7 、 Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the upper template 311 includes a first reinforcing rib and a first lug assembly 3111. Multiple first reinforcing ribs are spaced apart on the inner surface of the upper template 311. The first reinforcing ribs serve to enhance the overall strength of the upper template 311, reduce deformation, and improve its stability. Multiple first lug assemblies 3111 are spaced apart along the edge of the upper template 311 near the second upper template 316. The first lug assembly 3111 is provided with a first connection hole 3112 and a first reinforcing rib 3113, which protrude from the first reinforcing rib. The second upper template 316 includes a second reinforcing rib 3163 and a second lug assembly 3161. Multiple second reinforcing ribs 3163 are spaced apart on the inner surface of the second upper template 316. The second reinforcing ribs 3163 enhance the overall strength of the second upper template 316, reduce deformation, and improve its stability. There are multiple second ear plate devices 3161 and they are spaced apart along the second upper template 316 close to the edge of the second upper template 316 . The second ear plate devices 3161 are provided with second connecting holes 3162 , and the second connecting holes 3162 protrude from the second reinforcing rib plate 3163 .

[0093] The formwork mechanism 300 further includes a connecting shaft (not shown) that passes through the first connecting hole 3112, the first reinforcing rib plate 3113, and the second connecting hole 3162 to articulate the upper formwork 311 and the second upper formwork 316. The connecting shaft may be a pin, a dowel, or the like. It is understood that because the first connecting hole 3112, the first reinforcing rib plate 3113 protrude from the first reinforcing rib plate, and the second connecting hole 3162 protrudes from the second reinforcing rib plate 3163, the rotational centers of the upper formwork 311 and the second upper formwork 316 protrude from the first and second reinforcing rib plates 3163. This allows for a tighter connection between the upper formwork 311 and the second upper formwork 316, thereby reducing concrete leakage from the connection between the upper formwork 311 and the second upper formwork 316.

[0094] In some embodiments, formwork assembly 310 is made of manganese steel, a high-strength steel primarily designed to withstand harsh working conditions such as impact, extrusion, and material abrasion. It also exhibits excellent alkali and corrosion resistance. As will be appreciated, concrete is typically alkaline and susceptible to corrosion of formwork assembly 310. Using manganese steel can reduce corrosion, improve the strength, and extend the service life of formwork assembly 310.

[0095] Reference Figure 12As shown, in some embodiments, to improve the synchronization of the actuation of multiple first drive cylinders 320 and reduce deformation of the template assembly 310, the multiple first drive cylinders 320 are connected by a synchronization valve (the second drive cylinder 330, the third drive cylinder 340, and the fourth drive cylinder 350 are also connected by a synchronization valve to ensure actuation synchronization. Their structure and function are basically similar to the first drive cylinder 320, and the first drive cylinder 320 is used as an example for description). Common synchronization valves include diverter valves and diverter-combiner valves 420. Taking the diverter-combiner valve 420 as an example, the diverter-combiner valve 420 can achieve bidirectional synchronization of the first drive cylinders 320. The diverter-combiner valve 420 can also be used in a synchronization circuit 400 with large load differences, ensuring speed synchronization even under full load imbalance, with high synchronization accuracy. The synchronization circuit 400 refers to the synchronous operation of two or more hydraulic actuators in a hydraulic system at the same displacement or speed (or a fixed speed ratio).

[0096] Reference Figure 12 As shown, taking the example of driving two cylinders, when the reversing valve 440 is in the left position, hydraulic oil from the hydraulic pump 460 is split into two equal streams by the diverter / combiner valve 420 and enters the first drive cylinder 320, causing the first drive rods of the two cylinders to rise synchronously. When the reversing valve 440 is in the right position, the diverter / combiner valve 420 combines the flow, controlling the synchronous descent of the pistons in the two cylinders. The hydraulically controlled check valve 410 in the circuit prevents the first drive cylinders 320 from moving due to different loads when stopping mid-stroke. If one of the first drive cylinders 320 reaches the end of its stroke first, oil can flow through the orifice in the one-way throttle valve 430, allowing all cylinders to reach their end points, thus eliminating accumulated errors. The relief valve 450 provides a safety feature, relieving pressure when the pressure exceeds a threshold. The synchronization circuit 400 synchronizes the driving of multiple first drive cylinders 320, reducing formwork deformation and improving construction quality.

[0097] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the second gantry 100 includes a guide rail 130, which extends along the front-to-rear direction of the second gantry 100. Two guide rails 130 are spaced apart at the upper and lower ends of the second gantry 100. The first gantry 200 includes a set of guide wheels 220. Two rows of guide wheels 220 are spaced apart at the upper and lower ends of the first gantry 200, corresponding to the positions of the guide rails 130. Each row of guide wheels 220 includes a plurality of guide wheels 220, which are spaced apart along the extension direction of the guide rails 130. The guide rails 130 and the guide wheels 220 roll in coordination, allowing the second gantry 100 and the first gantry 200 to slide relative to each other.

[0098] It should be noted that the number of guide rails 130 can be three, four, or any other number, depending on actual needs; the number of guide wheels 220 can also be any other number, depending on actual needs. In some embodiments, the guide rails 130 can be provided on the first gantry 200, and the guide wheels 220 can be provided on the second gantry 100.

[0099] Reference Figure 4 As shown, the first gantry 200 also includes a first support device 210. Two first support devices 210 are provided at the front and rear ends of the first gantry 200, and one first support device 210 is provided on the left and right sides of the front or rear end. The first support device 210 can abut against the side wall of the tunnel. It can be understood that the arc steel mold trolley 1000 is basically supported in the tunnel by its own gravity. During the pouring process, concrete can easily lift the arc steel mold trolley 1000, causing the position of the arc steel mold trolley 1000 to change, affecting the pouring effect. Therefore, the first support device 210 is used to fix the position of the arc steel mold trolley 1000. The first support device 210 includes a first support beam 211 and two limiting cylinders 212. The two cylinders are spaced apart and arranged on the left and right sides of the first gantry 200. The output ends are fixedly connected to the first support beam 211. The shape of the first support beam 211 matches the wall surface of the tunnel or the shape of the steel grid. The limiting cylinder 212 drives the first support beam 211 in the left and right directions to abut against the tunnel wall or the steel bars on the tunnel wall to limit the position of the arc steel mold trolley 1000, reduce the problem of the arc steel mold trolley 1000 being lifted up, and improve the stability of the arc trolley.

[0100] Reference Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the lifting device 110 includes two legs 111, each of which is provided with a lifting cylinder 1112, a fixing member 1111, a guide member 1114, and a sliding member 1113. The fixing member 1111 is fixedly connected to the guide member 1114, and a cavity is formed inside the guide member 1114. The sliding member 1113 is provided in the cavity. One end of the lifting cylinder 1112 is connected to the fixing member 1111, and the other end of the lifting cylinder 1112 is connected to the sliding member 1113, so that the sliding member 1113 can slide along the axis of the guide member 1114, thereby driving the second gantry 100 to move in the vertical direction.

[0101] Continue to refer to Figure 10 and Figure 11As shown, the second gantry 100 also includes a second support device 120. The second support device 120 is provided at both the front and rear ends of the second gantry 100. The second support device 120 is connected to the two legs 111 and is used to drive the arc steel mold trolley 1000 to deviate to the left or right. The second support device 120 includes a connecting member 121, a second support beam 123 and an adjusting cylinder 122. The connecting member 121 includes a plurality of channel steels 1211 and a plurality of connecting ribs 1212. The plurality of channel steels 1211 are connected in sequence to form a cavity. Some of the channel steels 1211 are fixedly connected to the legs 111 through the connecting ribs 1212. The adjusting cylinder 122 is arranged in the cavity enclosed by the channel steels 1211. One end of the adjusting cylinder 122 is connected to the channel steel 12111, and the other end is connected to the second support beam 123. The legs 111 are provided with a moving member 112, and the cross-section of the moving member 112 is "L"-shaped. There are four moving parts 112, and each support leg 111 is provided with a moving part 112 in the front and rear directions (the "four, two" mentioned above are only some embodiments of the present invention, and can also be other quantities, for example, there are eight moving parts 112, and four are provided for each support leg 111, which is selected according to actual conditions), and the second support beam 123 is slidably connected to the support leg 111 through the moving part 112. It can be understood that when the tunnel turns, it is necessary to adjust the position of the arc steel mold trolley 1000, and the second support beam 123 abuts against the inner wall of the tunnel. Under the drive of the adjusting cylinder 122, the arc steel mold trolley 1000 can be offset as a whole, thereby adjusting the lateral position of the arc steel mold trolley 1000.

[0102] Reference Figure 11 As shown, the second support beam 123 is provided with a partition 124. The partition 124 is provided between the second support beam 123 and the support leg 111 and is fixedly connected to the second support beam 123. The partition 124 is used to reduce the contact area between the second support beam 123 and the support leg 111, thereby reducing friction, improving the smoothness of sliding, and reducing the phenomenon of sticking. In some embodiments, the partition 124 is in the shape of a long strip and is provided along the extension direction of the second support beam 123. Two partitions 124 are provided at each end of the second support beam 123 to reduce the shaking of the second support beam 123. It should be noted that the partition 124 can also be other shapes, such as cylindrical, elliptical, etc. The partition 124 can also be other quantities, such as six, eight, etc.

[0103] Reference Figure 4As shown, the formwork mechanism 300 also includes an end form unit 500, which is arranged at the end of the moving direction of the formwork assembly 310. The end form unit 500 has multiple pieces and is arranged around the formwork assembly 310. The end form unit 500 is used to cooperate with the formwork assembly 310 and the tunnel wall to form a closed space for pouring concrete. It can be understood that during the first pouring process of the tunnel, the front and rear ends of the formwork assembly 310 are provided with end form units 500 to pour the first reinforced concrete structure. After the pouring is completed, the first reinforced concrete structure can serve as the end form unit 500. Therefore, the end of the formwork assembly 310 close to the reinforced concrete structure does not need to be provided with the end form unit 500. It is only necessary to provide the end of the formwork assembly 310 away from the reinforced concrete structure, that is, the end of the moving direction of the formwork assembly 310. It should be noted that the moving direction refers to the forward direction of the arc steel formwork trolley 1000 during construction.

[0104] Specifically, refer to Figure 15 As shown, the end mold unit 500 includes a first baffle 510, a second baffle 520, a limiter 530, a rotating member 540, a support rod 550 and a limit screw 560. The first baffle 510 and the second baffle 520 are spaced apart in the radial direction of the template assembly 310, forming a gap. Embedded parts can be placed through this gap to improve construction efficiency. The first baffle 510 and the second baffle 520 are connected by a limiter 530. There are two limiters 530 to make the connection between the first baffle 510 and the second baffle 520 more stable. After the embedded parts are set, it is necessary to seal the gap with rubber strips, and then apply foam glue to improve the sealing effect. The limiter 530 is used to prevent the rubber strip from falling and to limit the position of the rubber strip. The first baffle 510 and the second baffle 520 are further connected by a rotating member 540. One end of the rotating member 540 is fixedly connected to either the first baffle 510 or the second baffle 520, and the other end of the rotating member 540 is hingedly connected to the template assembly 310, allowing the end mold unit 500 to be rotatably connected to the template assembly 310 for demolding or supporting the mold. To secure the position of the end mold unit 500 during support, a limit screw 560 is also provided. One end of a support rod 550 is fixedly connected to the template assembly 310, and the other end of the support rod 550 is hingedly connected to one end of a limit screw 560. The other end of the limit screw 560 is hingedly connected to either the first baffle 510 or the second baffle 520. The position of the end mold unit 500 can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the limit screw 560. It should be noted that the structure of the limit screw 560 can refer to that of the first adjustment screw 360.

[0105] In one embodiment of the present invention, a tunnel construction method based on an arc steel formwork trolley is provided. The second gantry includes a first workstation and a second workstation along its length. The first workstation is located at the end facing away from the arc steel formwork trolley, and the second workstation is located at the end closer to the arc steel formwork trolley. The first and second workstations refer to the positions of the formwork assembly during pouring construction. Since the first gantry can drive the formwork assembly to and fro on the second gantry during construction, the first and second workstations are specified on the second gantry for ease of description.

[0106] The tunnel construction method includes the following steps:

[0107] Step S110: The first gantry moves from the first station to the second station. The first gantry can be moved by a winch or by a motor and a rack.

[0108] Step S120: The lifting device lifts the second gantry to a first target position. The first target position refers to the height position of the second gantry, and the formwork assembly connected to the second gantry needs to be constructed at a suitable height position.

[0109] Step S130: The first, second, third, and fourth drive cylinders respectively drive the corresponding first upper, second upper, first lower, and second lower forms to the pouring position. The pouring position refers to the position of the formwork assembly when it is supported, facilitating the pouring of concrete.

[0110] Step S140: Install the lower template between the first lower template and the second lower template.

[0111] Step S150: Concrete is poured between the formwork assembly and the inner wall of the tunnel to form a reinforced concrete structure. It will be appreciated that the formwork assembly is provided with multiple pouring ports, spaced apart. During pouring, the ports are opened and concrete is poured through them. When the concrete level is about to reach a port, the corresponding port is closed and a higher-positioned port is used for pouring. A vibrator may be used during the pouring process to reduce the formation of bubbles within the concrete and improve pouring quality.

[0112] Step S160: The lifting device retracts and leaves the tunnel support surface. When the concrete reaches the expected strength, the lifting device retracts and the first gantry supports the second gantry. Retracting the lifting device can reduce the possibility of the lifting device hitting the ground during the movement of the second gantry.

[0113] Step S170: The second gantry moves along the tunnel extension direction, so that the first gantry moves from the second workstation to the first workstation. The movement of the second gantry facilitates the subsequent movement of the first gantry along the second gantry, achieving the overall movement of the arc steel mold trolley from one construction location to the next.

[0114] Step S180: The lifting device is extended and supported on the support surface. At this time, the second door frame supports the first door frame to facilitate the subsequent movement of the first door frame.

[0115] Step S190: Remove the lower formwork. This allows for smooth demolding of the first and second lower formworks, improving demolding efficiency. This also allows the first and second lower formworks to be closer to the first portal, reducing the risk of the formwork assembly colliding with the tunnel wall during subsequent movement.

[0116] Step S200: The first driving cylinder, the second driving cylinder, the third driving cylinder and the fourth driving cylinder respectively drive the corresponding first upper template, the second upper template, the first lower template and the second lower template to reset and demould.

[0117] Step S210: The lifting device drives the second gantry down to the second target position to release the upper formwork. The second target position refers to the height of the second gantry. The lowering of the second gantry drives the formwork assembly down, thereby releasing the upper formwork and allowing the arc steel formwork trolley to proceed to the next construction section.

[0118] It is understandable that in the construction of the secondary lining of a tunnel, the tunnel is usually divided into multiple construction sections for construction. The arc steel formwork trolley in the embodiment of the present invention can be moved in the tunnel by the mutual support of the first gantry and the second gantry without laying tracks. Therefore, the bottom wall and side wall of the tunnel can be cast at the same time, improving construction efficiency. It is understandable that since the lower formwork is detachably connected, the first lower side formwork and the second lower side formwork can be smoothly demolded by removing the lower formwork during demolding. At the same time, the first lower side formwork and the second lower side formwork can be brought closer to the first gantry, giving enough space for the second gantry to descend and demold the upper formwork, thereby reducing the situation where the formwork assembly hits the tunnel wall during movement.

[0119] In the arc steel mold trolley of the embodiment of the present invention, the second gantry is provided with a first station and a second station along the front-to-back direction. The first gantry is movably mounted on the second gantry and can move between the first and second stations. The first station is located at the rear end along the front-to-back direction, while the second station is located at the front end along the front-to-back direction. The first and second stations are the positions of the formwork support mechanism during pouring. The first gantry can drive the formwork support mechanism to move back and forth on the second gantry, thereby switching between the first and second stations.

[0120] A tunnel construction method based on an arc steel mold trolley according to an embodiment of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:

[0121] S1601: A first steel mesh is set up on the inner wall of the tunnel. The first steel mesh is formed by tying steel bars to the tunnel segments. The first steel mesh is tied according to the design of the secondary lining of the tunnel.

[0122] S1602: The first gantry moves from the first workstation to the second workstation. The first gantry can achieve relative movement with the second gantry through the cooperation of a winch and a wire rope, or the cooperation of a motor and a rack, which is not specifically limited here.

[0123] S1603: The lifting device drives the second gantry to rise to a first target position, so that the upper formwork mates with the corresponding portion of the first reinforcement mesh. The first target position refers to the height of the second gantry, so that the first gantry is raised to a height ready for construction, i.e., a position where the upper formwork mates with the corresponding portion of the first reinforcement mesh.

[0124] S1604: The first, second, third, and fourth drive cylinders are driven to move the first upper formwork, the second upper formwork, the first lower formwork, and the second lower formwork to positions aligned with the first reinforcement grid, facilitating concrete pouring in subsequent steps. It should be noted that the third drive cylinder and the first drive cylinder can be driven simultaneously, sequentially, or alternately depending on actual working conditions, thereby supporting the first lower formwork and the first upper formwork; the fourth drive cylinder and the second drive cylinder can be driven simultaneously, sequentially, or alternately depending on actual working conditions, thereby supporting the second lower formwork and the second upper formwork.

[0125] S1605: Install the lower formwork between the first lower formwork and the second lower formwork. The lower formwork can be formed by splicing multiple formwork units, which are detachably connected to each other, making the lower formwork easy to install and remove. In addition, by removing some formwork units, the lower formwork can form multiple pouring openings, improving the pouring efficiency and quality of concrete in subsequent steps.

[0126] S1606: Concrete is poured between the formwork assembly and the inner wall of the tunnel to form a reinforced concrete structure. It is understood that the formwork assembly is provided with pouring ports, and multiple pouring ports can be provided as needed, with the multiple pouring ports spaced apart. During pouring, the pouring ports are opened and concrete is poured through them. When the concrete level is about to reach a pouring port, the corresponding pouring port is closed and poured from a higher position. A vibrator can be used during the pouring process to reduce the formation of bubbles within the concrete and improve pouring quality.

[0127] S1607: The lifting device retracts and disengages from the tunnel's supporting surface. When the reinforced concrete structure reaches the desired strength, the lifting device retracts, with the first gantry supporting the second. This retraction reduces the risk of the lifting device colliding with the tunnel's inner wall during movement.

[0128] S1608: The second gantry moves along the tunnel extension direction, switching the first gantry from the second workstation to the first workstation. The forward movement of the second gantry facilitates the forward movement of the first gantry in subsequent steps, achieving the overall movement of the arc steel mold trolley, that is, moving from one tunnel segment to the next.

[0129] S1609: The lifting device extends and is supported on the support surface. At this time, the second door frame supports the first door frame, facilitating the forward movement of the first door frame in subsequent steps.

[0130] S1610: Remove the lower formwork. After removing the lower formwork, the first and second lower formworks can be smoothly demolded, improving demolding efficiency. Furthermore, after demolding, the first and second lower formworks can be moved closer to the first portal, reducing the risk of the formwork assembly colliding with the tunnel wall during subsequent movement.

[0131] S1611: The first, second, third, and fourth driving cylinders are driven respectively to reset and demold the first upper formwork, the second upper formwork, the first lower formwork, and the second lower formwork. It should be noted that the third driving cylinder and the first driving cylinder can be driven simultaneously, sequentially, or alternately depending on the actual working conditions, thereby achieving demolding of the first lower formwork and the first upper formwork; the fourth driving cylinder and the second driving cylinder can be driven simultaneously, sequentially, or alternately depending on the actual working conditions, thereby achieving demolding of the second lower formwork and the second upper formwork.

[0132] S1612: The lifting device drives the second gantry down to the second target position to release the upper template. The second target position refers to the height of the second gantry. The descent of the second gantry drives the first gantry down, which in turn drives the template assembly down, allowing the upper template to be released.

[0133] In the construction of the secondary lining of a tunnel, the construction method of an embodiment of the present invention adopts an arc steel formwork trolley to realize the integral casting of the secondary lining of a cylindrical tunnel segment. The arc steel formwork trolley moves along the extension direction of the tunnel and continues to cast the secondary lining of the remaining tunnel segments. The arc steel formwork trolley includes a first gantry, a second gantry and a formwork mechanism. The second gantry is provided with a first workstation and a second workstation. The first gantry is fixedly connected to the formwork mechanism and movably sleeved on the second gantry, so that it can switch positions between the first workstation and the second workstation. The second gantry is supported on the support surface of the tunnel. The formwork mechanism can complete the processes of formwork, casting, and forming at the second workstation under the drive of the first gantry. At the same time, before demolding, the second gantry detaches from the support surface and moves along the extension direction of the tunnel, so that the formwork mechanism switches to the first workstation. The second gantry is supported on the support surface of the tunnel again. At this time, the formwork mechanism completes demolding at the first workstation and moves to the second workstation again to realize the processes of formwork, casting, and forming of the secondary lining of the next tunnel segment, thereby realizing the cycle of integral casting of the secondary lining of the tunnel segment. The embodiment of the present invention realizes the integral casting of the secondary lining of multiple tunnel segments through the step-changing operation of the second portal and the formwork mechanism, thereby improving the secondary lining construction efficiency.

[0134] The construction method of the embodiment of the present invention adopts an arc steel formwork trolley, and the formwork mechanism includes a formwork assembly, a first driving oil cylinder, a second driving oil cylinder, a third driving oil cylinder and a fourth driving oil cylinder, and the formwork assembly includes a first upper formwork, a second upper formwork, a first lower formwork, a second lower formwork and a lower formwork; the upper formwork is located above the first gantry, and the lower formwork is located below the first gantry, and is detachably connected to the first lower formwork and the second lower formwork, the two ends of the first driving oil cylinder are respectively hinged to the first upper formwork and the first gantry, the two ends of the second driving oil cylinder are respectively hinged to the second upper formwork and the first gantry, the two ends of the third driving oil cylinder are respectively hinged to one end of the first upper formwork close to the first lower formwork and one end of the first lower formwork close to the first upper formwork, and the fourth driving oil cylinder The two ends are respectively hinged to one end of the second upper formwork close to the second lower formwork and one end of the second lower formwork close to the second upper formwork; through the above connection method, the first upper formwork and the first lower formwork can be synchronously demoulded by the first driving cylinder and the third driving cylinder respectively, and the second upper formwork and the second lower formwork can be synchronously demoulded by the second driving cylinder and the fourth driving cylinder respectively, and the upper formwork can be lowered by the lifting device to achieve gravity demoulding, which reduces the difficulty of demoulding, improves the demoulding efficiency, and further improves the efficiency of the secondary lining construction of the tunnel; and the formwork assembly can be more retracted to the first gantry in the demoulding state, effectively avoiding the collision of the first gantry with the inner wall of the tunnel during movement, thereby improving the safety of construction.

[0135] In another embodiment of the tunnel construction method based on the arc steel mold trolley, the following steps are included before step S1608:

[0136] S1701: A second reinforcement grid is installed along the inner wall of the tunnel in the direction of extension. This second reinforcement grid is constructed by tying rebar within the tunnel segments according to the design of the tunnel's secondary lining. Step S1701 is typically placed between steps S1606 and S1607. While waiting for the reinforced concrete to reach the desired strength, workers can continue to construct the secondary lining grid for the next tunnel section, thereby reducing downtime and improving the efficiency of the tunnel's secondary lining.

[0137] In another embodiment of the tunnel construction method based on the arc steel mold trolley, the following steps are included before step S1606:

[0138] S1801: The limiting cylinder drives the first support beam to support the tunnel's support surface. Step S1801 is typically located between steps S1603 and S1606. The first support beam applies force to the tunnel's inner wall, thereby more accurately positioning the first portal and formwork mechanism relative to the tunnel's inner wall. This prevents slippage and impacts on pouring quality during concrete pouring between the formwork assembly and the tunnel's inner wall.

[0139] In another embodiment of the tunnel construction method based on the arc steel mold trolley, the following steps are included before step S1612:

[0140] S1901: The limit cylinder retracts and disengages from the support surface. Step S1901 is typically performed between steps S1610 and S1612. After the reinforced concrete reaches the desired strength, the formwork assembly is demolded from the reinforced concrete. Because demolding the upper formwork requires the lifting device to lower the second gantry, thereby lowering the first gantry and the formwork assembly, the limit cylinder needs to retract to ensure it does not interfere with the movement of the lifting device.

[0141] In another embodiment of the tunnel construction method based on the arc steel mold trolley, the following steps are included after step S1602:

[0142] S2001: Clean the outer surface of the formwork assembly. After multiple demolding operations, the outer surface of the formwork assembly will contain a large amount of substances that affect demolding. Cleaning can improve the demolding effect. In addition, cleaning the formwork assembly when the formwork support mechanism moves to the second workstation provides a larger operating space, making cleaning more convenient for workers and improving cleaning efficiency. In addition, to further improve the convenience and safety of workers' cleaning, the second steel mesh frame can be moved to the second workstation instead of being erected on the inner wall in the extension direction of the tunnel. Instead, the formwork support mechanism can be moved to the second workstation to clean the formwork assembly. After cleaning, it can be returned to the first workstation and the second steel mesh frame can be erected. After the second steel mesh frame is erected, the second lining of the next tunnel segment can be poured.

[0143] In another embodiment of the tunnel construction method based on the arc steel mold trolley, step S2001 specifically includes the following steps:

[0144] S2101: Cleaning the concrete and curing agent on the outer surfaces of the first upper formwork, the second upper formwork, the first lower formwork and the second lower formwork.

[0145] S2102: Apply a release agent to the outer surfaces of the first upper formwork, the second upper formwork, the first lower formwork, and the second lower formwork.

[0146] Cleaning the curing agent and concrete from the exterior surfaces of the first upper formwork, second upper formwork, first lower formwork, and second lower formwork improves demolding efficiency. Applying a release agent after cleaning, as appropriate, can reduce adhesion of concrete after subsequent pouring and improve the smoothness of the interior surface of the tunnel secondary lining after demolding.

[0147] In another embodiment of the tunnel construction method based on the arc steel mold trolley, the following steps are included before step S1606:

[0148] S2201: Install multiple limit screws and use them to support multiple end form units between the formwork assembly and the tunnel's inner wall. Before pouring concrete, the limit screws support the end form units and prevent concrete from flowing out of the ends of the formwork assembly. This structure improves formwork support efficiency and enhances the quality of the secondary lining.

[0149] In another embodiment of the tunnel construction method based on the arc steel mold trolley, the following steps are included before step S1612:

[0150] S2301: Remove multiple limit screws and reset multiple end formwork assemblies. When the reinforced concrete reaches the desired strength, removing the limit screws facilitates the reset of the end formwork units, improving demoulding efficiency and facilitating formwork support for pouring the secondary lining of the next tunnel segment.

[0151] In another embodiment of the tunnel construction method based on the arc steel mold trolley, the following steps are included after step S2301:

[0152] S2401: Install the embedded parts between the formwork assembly and the inner wall of the tunnel through the connecting port.

[0153] S2402: Use sealing strips to seal the connecting openings.

[0154] It is understood that after the end formwork unit is supported, embedded parts can be placed through the connecting opening. Placing embedded parts through the connecting opening can improve the construction efficiency of the embedded parts and reduce the difficulty of the embedded parts construction. After the embedded parts are installed, the connecting opening can be sealed with a sealing strip such as a rubber strip, or foam glue can be applied to the gap between the sealing strip and the connecting opening to improve the sealing effect of the end formwork unit and enhance the casting quality of the secondary lining.

[0155] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by ordinary technicians in the technical field without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Arc steel mold trolley, characterized by: include: First mast; A second gantry, with lifting devices provided at both the front and rear ends, the second gantry being passed through the first gantry, and the second gantry and the first gantry being able to move relative to each other; The formwork mechanism includes a formwork assembly, a first driving oil cylinder, a second driving oil cylinder, a third driving oil cylinder and a fourth driving oil cylinder. The formwork assembly includes an upper formwork, a first upper side formwork, a second upper side formwork, a first lower side formwork, a second lower side formwork and a lower formwork; The upper template is located above the first portal, and the lower template is located below the first portal. The upper template, the first upper template, the first lower template, the lower template, the second lower template, and the second upper template are sequentially connected and arranged around the first portal, and the lower template is detachably connected to the first lower template and the second lower template. Two ends of the first driving cylinder are respectively hinged to the first upper formwork and the first gantry, two ends of the second driving cylinder are respectively hinged to the second upper formwork and the first gantry, two ends of the third driving cylinder are respectively hinged to one end of the first upper formwork close to the first lower formwork and one end of the first lower formwork close to the first upper formwork, and two ends of the fourth driving cylinder are respectively hinged to one end of the second upper formwork close to the second lower formwork and one end of the second lower formwork close to the second upper formwork; The length of the second door frame along the front-to-back direction is L1, the length of the template assembly along the front-to-back direction is L2, and L1 and L2 satisfy L1 / L2≥2; A first supporting device is provided at both the front and rear ends of the first gantry. The first supporting device includes a limiting oil cylinder and a first supporting beam. The limiting oil cylinder is connected to the first gantry, and the first supporting beam is connected to the output end of the limiting oil cylinder so that the first supporting beam abuts against the wall of the tunnel or the steel bars fixed to the wall of the tunnel. A second supporting device is provided at both the front and rear ends of the second gantry. The second supporting device is used to drive the arc steel mold trolley to deviate to the left or right side. The second supporting device includes a connecting piece, a second supporting beam and an adjusting cylinder. The connecting piece is connected to the lifting device. Two moving parts are provided at the lower end of the lifting device. The two moving parts are arranged at intervals along the front and rear directions of the lifting device. The second supporting beam extends along the left and right directions and is slidably connected to the moving parts. One end of the adjusting cylinder is connected to the connecting piece, and the other end is connected to the second supporting beam to drive the second supporting beam and the second gantry to move relative to each other.

2. The arc steel mold trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper template includes a first reinforcing rib plate and a first ear plate device, wherein the first reinforcing rib plates are multiple and are spaced apart on the inner surface of the upper template, the first ear plate devices are multiple and are spaced apart along the edge of the upper template close to the second upper template, and the first ear plate device is provided with a first connection hole, which protrudes from the first reinforcing rib plate; The second upper formwork includes a second reinforcing rib plate and a second ear plate device, wherein the second reinforcing rib plates are multiple and are spaced apart on the inner surface of the second upper formwork, the second ear plate device is multiple and is spaced apart along the edge of the second upper formwork close to the second upper formwork, and the second ear plate device is provided with a second connection hole, which protrudes from the second reinforcing rib plate; In which, the formwork supporting mechanism also includes a connecting shaft, which is passed through the first connecting hole and the second connecting hole to hinge the upper formwork and the second upper side formwork, and the rotation center of the upper formwork and the second upper side formwork protrudes from the first reinforcing rib plate and the second reinforcing rib plate.

3. The arc steel mold trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arc steel mold trolley also includes a hydraulic pump, a reversing valve and a synchronization valve. The hydraulic pump, the reversing valve, the synchronization valve and the plurality of first driving cylinders are connected to form a synchronization circuit.

4. The arc steel mold trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second door frame includes a guide rail extending in the front-rear direction, and the first door frame includes a guide wheel rolling in conjunction with the guide rail.

5. The arc steel mold trolley according to claim 4, characterized in that: At least two guide rails are arranged at intervals on the upper and lower ends of the second gantry, and at least two rows of guide wheel groups corresponding to the guide rails are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the first gantry, each row of the guide wheel groups includes a plurality of guide wheels, and the plurality of guide wheels are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the guide rails.

6. The arc steel mold trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formwork supporting mechanism also includes a plurality of end form units, which are arranged at the end of the forward direction of the formwork assembly and are arranged around the formwork assembly. The end form unit includes a first baffle, a second baffle, a limiting member, a rotating member, a support rod and a limiting screw. The first baffle and the second baffle are spaced apart along the radial direction of the formwork assembly. The first baffle and the second baffle are connected through the limiting member. One end of the rotating member is fixedly connected to the first baffle and / or the second baffle, and the other end of the rotating member is hinged to the formwork assembly so that the first baffle and the second baffle can be rotatably connected to the formwork assembly. One end of the support rod is fixedly connected to the formwork assembly, and the other end of the support rod is hinged to one end of the limiting screw. The other end of the limiting screw is hinged to the first baffle or the second baffle, and the limiting screw is used to adjust the position of the end form unit or fix the position of the end form unit.

7. The arc steel mold trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formwork supporting mechanism also includes an adjusting screw, and the formwork assembly is hinged to the first door frame through the adjusting screw. The adjusting screw includes a first screw, a second screw, an adjusting sleeve, a first nut and a second nut. The first screw and the second screw are respectively screwed to the two ends of the adjusting sleeve. The first nut is screwed to the first screw to limit the relative rotation of the first screw and the adjusting sleeve. The second nut is screwed to the second screw to limit the relative rotation of the second screw and the adjusting sleeve. The adjusting screw is used to adjust or fix the position of the formwork assembly.

8. A tunnel construction method using the arc steel formwork trolley according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The second gantry includes a first workstation and a second workstation along the length direction; The tunnel construction method comprises: The first gantry moves from the first station to the second station; The lifting device lifts the second gantry to a first target position; The first driving cylinder, the second driving cylinder, the third driving cylinder and the fourth driving cylinder are driven respectively to move the first upper formwork, the second upper formwork, the first lower formwork and the second lower formwork to a pouring position; Installing the lower template between the first lower template and the second lower template; pouring concrete between the formwork assembly and the inner wall of the tunnel; The lifting device is retracted and separated from the supporting surface of the tunnel; The second gantry moves along the extension direction of the tunnel so that the first gantry switches from the second workstation to the first workstation; The lifting device extends out and is supported on the supporting surface; disassembling the lower template; The first driving cylinder, the second driving cylinder, the third driving cylinder and the fourth driving cylinder are driven respectively to reset and demould the first upper template, the second upper template, the first lower template and the second lower template; The lifting device drives the second door frame to descend to a second target position to demould the upper template.

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