Arcuate steel form jumbo and tunnel construction method using the same

Abstract

The application discloses a circular-arc steel form trolley and a tunnel construction method using the same, and relates to the technical field of building.The circular-arc steel form trolley comprises a second portal, lifting devices are arranged at the front and rear ends of the second portal; a first portal is arranged in the second portal, and the second portal and the first portal can move relative to each other; a form supporting mechanism comprises a formwork assembly, a first driving oil cylinder, a second driving oil cylinder and a third driving oil cylinder, and the formwork assembly comprises an upper formwork, a first side formwork, a lower formwork and a second side formwork which are sequentially connected and arranged around the first portal. The first side formwork and the upper formwork are connected through the third driving oil cylinder, so that the first driving oil cylinder can work together with the third driving oil cylinder, and the efficiency of demolding or form supporting can be improved. The third driving oil cylinder has little influence on the position limitation of the upper formwork during the process of driving the upper formwork to be close to the first portal, the upper formwork can be closer to the first portal, the structure is more compact, and the knocking situation can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of construction technology, in particular to an arc steel mold trolley and a tunnel construction method using the same. Background Art

[0002] For tunnels with high sealing requirements, secondary lining is required after shield construction to meet the requirements of reinforcement support, sealing and waterproofing. In related technologies, the secondary lining construction of tunnels generally requires the use of a trolley for pouring, and the trolley's template is driven by the cylinder to support or demould. However, during the demoulding process of traditional trolleys, the driving cylinders of multiple templates are prone to mutual interference, resulting in greater difficulty and lower efficiency in demoulding. Moreover, after demoulding, the distance between the template and the inner wall of the tunnel is close, and it is easy to collide with the inner wall of the tunnel during the movement of the trolley. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes an arc steel mold trolley that can improve demoulding efficiency, increase the distance between the mold plate and the inner wall of the tunnel after demoulding, and reduce collisions.

[0004] The present invention also proposes a construction method based on the above-mentioned arc steel mold trolley.

[0005] The arc steel mold trolley according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0006] First mast;

[0007] A second gantry, with lifting devices provided at both the front and rear ends, the second gantry being passed through the first gantry, and the second gantry and the first gantry being able to move relative to each other;

[0008] The formwork mechanism includes a formwork assembly, a first driving oil cylinder, a second driving oil cylinder, a third driving oil cylinder and an adjusting screw, wherein the formwork assembly includes an upper formwork, a first side formwork, a second side formwork and a lower formwork;

[0009] The upper formwork, the first side formwork, the lower formwork and the second side formwork are connected in sequence and arranged around the first gantry, the upper formwork is located above the first gantry, and the first side formwork and the second side formwork are located on the left and right sides of the first gantry respectively; the two ends of the first driving cylinder are respectively hinged to the first side formwork and the first gantry, the two ends of the second driving cylinder are respectively hinged to the second side formwork and the first gantry, and the two ends of the third driving cylinder are respectively hinged to an end of the upper formwork close to the first side formwork and an end of the first side formwork close to the upper formwork, so that the upper formwork and the second side formwork are separated from or connected to each other;

[0010] One end of the adjusting screw is hinged to the end of the upper template away from the first side template, and the other end of the adjusting screw is hinged to the first gantry, and the adjusting screw is used to adjust the position of the upper template or support the upper template;

[0011] The length of the second door frame along the front-to-back direction is L1, the length of the template assembly along the front-to-back direction is L2, and L1 and L2 satisfy L1 / L2≥2.

[0012] The arc steel mold trolley according to the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0013] The first side formwork and the upper formwork are hinged via a third drive cylinder, and the first side formwork is hinged to the first gantry via the first drive cylinder. Therefore, the third drive cylinder can work in conjunction with the first drive cylinder, without interference between the two cylinders, resulting in efficient demolding or formwork support. The third drive cylinder has less influence on the position of the upper formwork when driving it closer to the first gantry, allowing the upper formwork to be closer to the first gantry and a more compact structure. Therefore, the first and second side formwork can also be closer to the first gantry, reducing collisions with the tunnel wall. The adjusting screw can adjust the position of the upper formwork to a suitable position for pouring and also supports the upper formwork. The length of the second gantry is twice or more than the length of the formwork assembly, making it easier to move the formwork assembly to the next construction location and improving work efficiency.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the arc steel mold trolley further includes a hydraulic pump, a reversing valve and a synchronization valve, and the hydraulic pump, the reversing valve, the synchronization valve and the plurality of first driving cylinders are connected to form a synchronization circuit.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the second door frame includes a guide rail extending in a front-to-rear direction, and the first door frame includes a guide wheel, and the guide wheel is in rolling engagement with the guide rail.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present invention, at least two of the guide rails are spaced apart at the upper and lower ends of the second gantry, and at least two rows of guide wheel groups corresponding to the guide rails are spaced apart at the upper and lower ends of the first gantry, each row of the guide wheel groups includes a plurality of the guide wheels, and the plurality of guide wheels are spaced apart along the extension direction of the guide rails.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a first supporting device is provided at both the front and rear ends of the first gantry, and the first supporting device includes a limiting oil cylinder and a first supporting beam. One end of the limiting oil cylinder is connected to the first gantry, and the other end of the limiting oil cylinder is connected to the first supporting beam, so that the first supporting beam abuts against the wall of the tunnel or the steel bars fixed to the wall of the tunnel.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the lifting device includes at least two legs, and at least two of the legs are spaced apart along the left and right directions of the second gantry. The legs include a lifting cylinder, a fixing part, a guide part and a sliding part. The guide part is fixedly connected to the fixing part, and a cavity is formed inside the guide part. The sliding part is arranged in the cavity. One end of the lifting cylinder is connected to the fixing part, and the other end of the lifting cylinder is connected to the sliding part so that the sliding part can slide along the axial direction of the guide part.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a second supporting device is provided at both front and rear ends of the second gantry, the second supporting device includes a connecting member, a second supporting beam and an adjusting cylinder, the connecting member is connected to the lifting device, and two moving members are provided at the lower end of the lifting device, and the two moving members are spaced apart along the front and rear directions of the lifting device, the second supporting beam extends along the left and right directions and is slidably connected to the moving members, one end of the adjusting cylinder is connected to the connecting member, and the other end is connected to the second supporting beam to drive the second supporting beam and the second gantry to move relative to each other.

[0020] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the formwork mechanism also includes a plurality of end form units, which are arranged at the end of the moving direction of the formwork assembly and are arranged around the formwork assembly, and the end form unit includes a first baffle, a second baffle, a limiting member, a rotating member, a support rod and a limiting screw, the first baffle and the second baffle are spaced apart along the radial direction of the formwork assembly, the first baffle and the second baffle are connected by the limiting member, one end of the rotating member is fixedly connected to the first baffle and / or the second baffle, and the other end of the rotating member is hinged to the formwork assembly so that the first baffle and the second baffle can be rotatably connected to the formwork assembly, one end of the support rod is fixedly connected to the formwork assembly, the other end of the support rod is hinged to one end of the limiting screw, and the other end of the limiting screw is hinged to the first baffle or the second baffle, and the limiting screw is used to adjust or fix the position of the end form unit.

[0021] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the adjusting screw includes a first screw, a second screw, an adjusting sleeve, a first nut and a second nut, the first screw and the second screw are respectively screwed to the two ends of the adjusting sleeve, the first nut is screwed to the first screw to limit the relative rotation between the first screw and the adjusting sleeve, and the second nut is screwed to the second screw to limit the relative rotation between the second screw and the adjusting sleeve.

[0022] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the second supporting device further includes a partition, which is arranged between the second supporting beam and the lifting device and fixedly connected to the second supporting beam, and the partition is used to reduce the contact area between the second supporting beam and the lifting device.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first side template includes a curved plate, and the curved plate is formed in one piece.

[0024] According to a second embodiment of the present invention, the tunnel construction method comprises any one of the arc steel mold trolleys of the first aspect, wherein the second gantry comprises a first workstation and a second workstation along the length direction;

[0025] Tunnel construction methods include:

[0026] The first gantry moves from the first station to the second station;

[0027] The lifting device drives the second gantry to descend to a first target position;

[0028] The second driving cylinder drives the second side formwork to move to the first pouring position;

[0029] The first driving cylinder drives the first side formwork to move to the second pouring position;

[0030] The third driving cylinder drives the upper template to move to the third pouring position;

[0031] The upper template is hinged to the first door frame through the adjusting screw;

[0032] pouring concrete between the formwork assembly and the inner wall of the tunnel;

[0033] The lifting device is retracted and separated from the supporting surface of the tunnel;

[0034] The second gantry moves along the extension direction of the tunnel so that the first gantry moves from the second workstation to the first workstation;

[0035] The lifting device extends out and is supported on the supporting surface;

[0036] Disassembling the adjusting screw;

[0037] The third driving oil cylinder drives the upper template to reset and demould;

[0038] The first driving cylinder drives the first side template to reset and demould;

[0039] The second driving cylinder drives the second side template to reset and demould;

[0040] The lifting device drives the second door frame to rise to a second target position to demould the lower template.

[0041] The tunnel construction method according to the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0042] The first side formwork and the upper formwork are hinged via a third drive cylinder, and the first side formwork is hinged to the first gantry via the first drive cylinder. Therefore, the third drive cylinder can work in conjunction with the first drive cylinder, without interference between the two cylinders, resulting in high efficiency in demolding or supporting the formwork. The third drive cylinder has less influence on the position of the upper formwork when driving it closer to the first gantry, allowing the upper formwork to be closer to the first gantry and a more compact structure. Therefore, the first and second side formwork can also be closer to the first gantry, reducing the chance of collisions with the tunnel wall. The upper formwork can be adjusted by adjusting the screw to a suitable position for pouring. The length of the second gantry is twice or more than the length of the formwork assembly, making it easier to move the formwork assembly to the next construction location and improving work efficiency.

[0043] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a tunnel construction method based on an arc steel formwork trolley is provided, wherein the arc steel formwork trolley includes a first gantry, a second gantry and a formwork support mechanism, the second gantry is provided with a lifting device at both ends along the front-to-back direction, the second gantry is provided with a first workstation and a second workstation along the front-to-back direction, the first gantry is movably mounted on the second gantry and can move between the first workstation and the second workstation; the formwork support mechanism includes a template assembly, a first driving oil cylinder, a second driving oil cylinder, a third driving oil cylinder and an adjusting screw, the template assembly includes an upper template, a first side template, a second side template and a lower template; the upper template, the first side template, the lower template The plate and the second side formwork are connected in sequence and arranged around the first gantry; the two ends of the first driving cylinder are respectively hinged to the first side formwork and the first gantry, the two ends of the second driving cylinder are respectively hinged to the second side formwork and the first gantry, and the two ends of the third driving cylinder are respectively hinged to an end of the upper formwork close to the first side formwork and an end of the first side formwork close to the upper formwork; the two ends of the adjusting screw can be respectively hinged to the first gantry and an end of the upper formwork away from the first side formwork; in the front-to-back direction, the length of the second gantry is L1, and the length of the formwork assembly is L2, satisfying: L1 / L2≥2;

[0044] The construction method comprises:

[0045] erecting a first steel mesh frame on the inner wall of the tunnel;

[0046] The first gantry moves from the first station to the second station;

[0047] The lifting device drives the second gantry to descend to a first target position so that the lower template is matched with the corresponding part of the first reinforcement grid;

[0048] The second driving cylinder drives the second side template to move to a position where it cooperates with the partial structure corresponding to the first steel bar grid;

[0049] The first driving cylinder drives the first side template to move to a position that cooperates with a portion of the structure corresponding to the first steel bar grid;

[0050] The third driving oil cylinder drives the upper template to move to a position where it cooperates with the partial structure corresponding to the first steel bar grid;

[0051] Install the adjusting screw and adjust the position of the upper template by the adjusting screw;

[0052] pouring concrete between the formwork assembly and the inner wall of the tunnel;

[0053] The lifting device is retracted and separated from the supporting surface of the tunnel;

[0054] The second gantry moves along the extension direction of the tunnel so that the first gantry switches from the second workstation to the first workstation;

[0055] The lifting device extends out and is supported on the supporting surface;

[0056] Disassembling the adjusting screw;

[0057] The third driving oil cylinder drives the upper template to reset and demould;

[0058] The first driving cylinder drives the first side template to reset and demould;

[0059] The second driving cylinder drives the second side template to reset and demould;

[0060] The lifting device drives the second door frame to rise to a second target position to demould the lower template.

[0061] The tunnel construction method based on the arc steel formwork trolley according to the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0062] In the construction of the secondary lining of a tunnel, an embodiment of the present invention adopts an arc steel formwork trolley to realize the integral casting of the secondary lining of a cylindrical tunnel segment. The arc steel formwork trolley moves along the extension direction of the tunnel and continues to cast the secondary lining of the remaining tunnel segments. The arc steel formwork trolley includes a first gantry, a second gantry and a formwork mechanism. The second gantry is provided with a first workstation and a second workstation. The first gantry is fixedly connected to the formwork mechanism and movably mounted on the second gantry, so that it can switch positions between the first workstation and the second workstation. The second gantry is supported on the support surface of the tunnel. The formwork mechanism, driven by the first gantry, can complete the processes of formwork, casting, and forming at the second workstation. At the same time, before demolding, the second gantry detaches from the support surface and moves along the extension direction of the tunnel, so that the formwork mechanism switches to the first workstation. The second gantry is supported on the support surface of the tunnel again. At this time, the formwork mechanism completes demolding at the first workstation and moves to the second workstation again to realize the processes of formwork, casting, and forming of the secondary lining of the next tunnel segment, thereby realizing the cycle of integral casting of the secondary lining of the tunnel segment. The embodiment of the present invention realizes the integral casting of the secondary lining of multiple tunnel sections through the step-by-step operation of the second gantry and the formwork supporting mechanism, thereby improving the efficiency of the secondary lining construction. The formwork supporting mechanism includes a formwork assembly, a first driving cylinder, a third driving cylinder, and an adjusting screw. The formwork assembly includes an upper formwork and a first side formwork. The two ends of the first driving cylinder are respectively hinged to the first side formwork and the first gantry. The two ends of the third driving cylinder are respectively hinged to the end of the upper formwork close to the first side formwork and the end of the first side formwork close to the upper formwork. The two ends of the adjusting screw can be respectively hinged to the first gantry and the end of the upper formwork away from the first side formwork. The connection method of the third driving cylinder and the adjusting screw enables the first side formwork and the upper formwork to be synchronously supported and demolded by the first driving cylinder and the third driving cylinder, respectively, reducing the difficulty of demolding, improving the demolding efficiency, and further improving the efficiency of the tunnel secondary lining construction. Moreover, the formwork assembly can be more retracted to the first gantry in the demolding state, effectively avoiding the collision of the first gantry with the inner wall of the tunnel during movement, thereby improving the safety of construction.

[0063] According to some embodiments of the present invention, before the second portal moves along the extension direction of the tunnel, the method includes: erecting a second steel mesh frame on the inner wall of the tunnel in the extension direction.

[0064] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first gantry is provided with a first supporting device at both ends along the front-to-back direction, the first supporting device comprising a limiting oil cylinder and a first supporting beam, the two ends of the limiting oil cylinder being respectively connected to the first gantry and the first supporting beam; before pouring concrete between the formwork assembly and the inner wall of the tunnel, the limiting oil cylinder also comprises: driving the first supporting beam to support the supporting surface of the tunnel; before the lifting device drives the second gantry to rise to the second target position, the limiting oil cylinder also comprises: retracting and disengaging from the supporting surface.

[0065] According to some embodiments of the present invention, after the first gantry moves from the first station to the second station, the method further includes: cleaning the outer surface of the template assembly.

[0066] According to some embodiments of the present invention, cleaning the outer surface of the formwork assembly includes: cleaning the concrete and curing agent on the outer surfaces of the upper formwork, the first side formwork, the second side formwork and the lower formwork; and applying a release agent on the outer surfaces of the upper formwork, the first side formwork, the second side formwork and the lower formwork.

[0067] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the formwork mechanism further includes a plurality of end form units, which are arranged around the front end portion of the formwork assembly along the moving direction of the formwork mechanism, and the end form unit includes a first baffle, a second baffle, a limiting member, a rotating member, a support rod and a limiting screw. The first baffle and the second baffle are spaced apart in the radial direction of the formwork assembly and form a communication port. The first baffle and the second baffle are connected via the limiting member. One end of the rotating member is fixedly connected to the first baffle and / or the second baffle, and the other end of the rotating member is hinged to the formwork assembly. One end of the limiting screw is fixedly connected to the formwork assembly via the support rod, and the other end is hinged to the first baffle or the second baffle. Before pouring concrete between the formwork assembly and the inner wall of the tunnel, the method further includes: installing a plurality of limiting screws, and supporting the plurality of end form units between the formwork assembly and the inner wall of the tunnel through the plurality of limiting screws. Before the lifting device drives the second gantry to rise to the second target position, the method further includes: removing the plurality of limiting screws and resetting the plurality of end form assemblies.

[0068] According to some embodiments of the present invention, after installing multiple limit screws and supporting multiple end mold units between the template assembly and the inner wall of the tunnel through the multiple limit screws, it also includes: installing embedded parts between the template assembly and the inner wall of the tunnel through the connecting port; and sealing the connecting port with a sealing strip.

[0069] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0070] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which:

[0071] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an arc steel mold trolley according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the formwork construction of an arc steel formwork trolley according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the demoulding construction of an arc steel mold trolley according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the retraction of the lifting device of the arc steel mold trolley according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Cross-sectional view in the AA direction;

[0076] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0077] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of a lifting device for an arc steel mold trolley according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 8 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the second supporting device of the arc steel mold trolley according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0079] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a synchronous circuit of an arc steel mold trolley according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the adjusting screw structure of the arc steel mold trolley according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 11 This is an exploded diagram of an adjustment screw of an arc steel mold trolley according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0082] Figure 12 This is a structural schematic diagram of a first side template of an arc steel mold trolley according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0083] Figure 13 This is a structural schematic diagram of the first side template of the arc steel mold trolley from another perspective according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0084] Figure 14 It is a schematic structural diagram of the end mold unit of the arc steel mold trolley according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0085] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended only to explain the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0086] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientations, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0087] In the description of the present invention, "several" means one or more, "many" means more than two, "greater than," "less than," and "exceed" are understood to exclude the number itself, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the number itself. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is solely for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, implicitly specifying the number of the indicated technical features, or implicitly specifying the order of the indicated technical features.

[0088] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, and connecting should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0089] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 5 The figure shows the overall structure of the arc steel formwork trolley 1000 provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which can be used for tunnel lining, especially for secondary lining after the initial support of the tunnel. The arc steel formwork trolley 1000 includes a second gantry 100, a first gantry 200 and a formwork support mechanism 300. A lifting device 110 is provided at both the front and rear ends of the second gantry 100, which is used to drive the second gantry 100 to rise or fall, thereby driving the first gantry 200 and the formwork support mechanism 300 to rise or fall. The second gantry 100 is partially inserted into the first gantry 200, and the second gantry 100 and the first gantry 200 can move relative to each other. When the second gantry 100 supports the first gantry 200, the first gantry 200 can move along the front and rear direction of the second gantry 100; when the first gantry 200 supports the second gantry 100, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the lifting device 110 retracts and detaches from the support surface of the tunnel, and the second gantry 100 can move in the front-rear direction of the first gantry 200, and the movement of the arc steel mold trolley 1000 is achieved by mutual support. It should be noted that the relative movement of the second gantry 100 and the first gantry 200 can be achieved by a motor driving a gear, and the gear and the rack cooperate to move, or by a winch driving a wire rope to move, and the present invention does not impose specific restrictions. The cooperation method of the second gantry 100 and the first gantry 200 can be in the form of a ball and a slide groove, or in the form of a guide wheel 220 and a guide rail 130. In the following description, the present invention is illustrated by the form of the guide wheel 220 cooperating with the guide rail 130.

[0090] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the formwork of the arc steel formwork trolley 1000. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the arc steel mold trolley 1000 demoulding. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The center section line represents poured concrete, with segments outside the concrete. The formwork mechanism 300 includes a formwork assembly 310, a first drive cylinder 320, a second drive cylinder 330, and a third drive cylinder 340. The formwork assembly 310 comprises an upper formwork 311, a first side formwork 312, a lower formwork 313, and a second side formwork 314, which are arranged sequentially around the first portal 200. The upper formwork 311, first side formwork 312, lower formwork 313, and second side formwork 314 are hingedly connected via latches. The upper formwork 311 is located above the first portal 200, while the first and second side forms 312, 314 are located on the left and right sides of the first portal 200, respectively. The lower formwork 313 is located below the first portal 200 and is fixedly connected to it. The formwork assembly 310 is used to enclose a pouring area with the tunnel wall, facilitating the shaping of the concrete.

[0091] Reference Figure 4 As shown, one end of the first driving cylinder 320 is hinged to the first side formwork 312, and the other end of the first driving cylinder 320 is hinged to the first gantry 200. One end of the second driving cylinder 330 is hinged to the second side formwork 314, and the other end of the second driving cylinder 330 is hinged to the first gantry 200. One end of the third driving cylinder 340 is hinged to the end of the upper formwork 311 near the first side formwork 312, and the other end of the third driving cylinder 340 is hinged to the end of the first side formwork 312 near the upper formwork 311. The third driving cylinder 340 can drive the upper formwork 311 to connect or disconnect with the second side formwork 314. The first driving cylinder 320, the second driving cylinder 330, and the third driving cylinder 340 are all used to drive the corresponding formwork assembly 310 to move closer to the first gantry 200 for demolding, or away from the first gantry 200 for supporting the formwork.

[0092] Reference Figure 5 As shown, the length of the second portal 100 in the front-to-back direction is L1, and the length of the formwork assembly 310 is L2, where L1 and L2 satisfy L1 / L2 ≥ 2. It will be appreciated that the formwork assembly 310 needs to move in the front-to-back direction of the second portal 100 to achieve different positions in the casting tunnel. Therefore, the length of the second portal 100 needs to be greater than or equal to twice that of the formwork assembly 310 to ensure smooth movement and demolding of the formwork assembly 310.

[0093] Reference Figure 2As shown, the formwork mechanism 300 further includes a first adjusting screw 350, a second adjusting screw 360, and a third adjusting screw 370. The upper template 311 is hinged to the first door frame 200 via the first adjusting screw 350, the first side template 312 is hinged to the first door frame 200 via the second adjusting screw 360, and the second side template 314 is hinged to the first door frame 200 via the third adjusting screw 370. One end of the first adjusting screw 350 is hinged to an end of the upper template 311 away from the first side template 312, and the other end of the first adjusting screw 350 is hinged to the first door frame 200. The first adjusting screw 350, the second adjusting screw 360 and the third adjusting screw 370 are all used to adjust the position of the corresponding template assembly 310. After determining the position of the template assembly 310, the first adjusting screw 350, the second adjusting screw 360 and the third adjusting screw 370 can all be used to support the template assembly 310 and limit the position of the template assembly 310 so that the template assembly 310 can be in a suitable casting position.

[0094] The structure of the first adjusting screw 350 is detailed in FIG. Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the first adjusting screw 350 includes a first screw 351, a first nut 352, a second nut 353, a second screw 354, and an adjusting sleeve 355. The first screw 351 and the second screw 354 are respectively screwed to the ends of the adjusting sleeve 355. The first nut 352 is screwed to the first screw 351 to limit the relative rotation between the first screw 351 and the adjusting sleeve 355. The second nut 353 is screwed to the second screw 354 to limit the relative rotation between the second screw 354 and the adjusting sleeve 355. The position of the template assembly 310 is adjusted by rotating the adjusting sleeve 355 to change the overall length of the first adjusting screw 350. After the position of the template assembly 310 is determined, the length of the first adjusting screw 350 is fixed by the first nut 352 and the second nut 353, thereby fixing the position of the template assembly 310. It should be noted that the structures of the second adjusting screw 360 and the third adjusting screw 370 are basically the same as those of the first adjusting screw 350, and will not be repeated here. The structures of the second adjusting screw 360 and the third adjusting screw 370 can be understood by referring to the structure of the first adjusting screw 350.

[0095] Reference Figure 2 As shown, the upper template 311 abuts against the second side template 314 during the mold support process. The wall where the second side template 314 abuts against the upper template 311 is provided with a rubber gasket to reduce wear. After abutting, the second side template 314 and the upper template 311 can be fixedly connected by bolts or pins. The position of the upper template 311 can also be limited only by the first adjusting screw 350. During the demoulding process, refer to Figure 3As shown, if bolts or latches are installed between the upper template 311 and the second side template 314, the bolts or latches must be removed first. The first, second, and third adjusting screws 350, 360, and 370 must also be removed. The first, second, and third driving cylinders 320, 330, and 340 are then controlled to drive the corresponding template assembly 310 for demolding. After demolding, the upper template 311 is separated from the second side template 314, while the other templates remain hinged. The lower template 313 requires the lifting device 110 to raise the height of the template assembly 310 for demolding.

[0096] Reference Figure 3 In order to make the upper template 311, the first side template 312 and the second side template 314 closer to the first gantry 200 during the demoulding process, the third driving cylinder 340 is set on the upper template 311 and the first side template 312. It is understandable that during the demoulding process, if the third driving cylinder 340 is connected to the first gantry 200, since the distance between the upper template 311 and the first gantry 200 is relatively far, the length of the third driving cylinder 340 is relatively long, resulting in a decrease in rigidity, which is prone to vibration during the driving process and unstable driving; when the third driving cylinder 340 shrinks to demould, if the first driving cylinder 320 also shrinks to demould, under unstable control, it is easy to cause a certain template to be too fast or too slow, thereby damaging the cylinder. In order to reduce the occurrence of this situation, the third driving cylinder 340 is usually required to drive the upper template 311 to demould first, and the first driving cylinder 320 can drive the demoulding; due to the length limitation of the third driving cylinder 340, its deflection angle is limited, which limits the upper template 311, the first side template 312 and the second side template 314 from approaching the first gantry 200.

[0097] Setting the third driving cylinder 340 on the upper template 311 and the first side template 312 can reduce the above-mentioned problems. The upper template 311 is adjacent to the first side template 312, so the length of the third driving cylinder 340 is shorter than when it is set on the first gantry 200, and its rigidity is better, which can reduce the occurrence of vibration and improve the driving stability; the third driving cylinder 340 can work simultaneously with the first driving cylinder 320, and the two do not affect each other, which can improve the efficiency of demolding or supporting the formwork; during the demolding process, the third driving cylinder 340 has little effect on the overall rotation position of the formwork, so the formwork can be closer to the first gantry 200, which can reduce the situation where the supporting mechanism 300 hits the inner wall of the tunnel or the steel bars during movement.

[0098] Reference Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the upper template 311, the first side template 312 and the second side template 314 all include an arc-shaped plate 3121 and a plurality of reinforcing rib plates 3122. Figure 12 and Figure 13, take the first side formwork 312 as an example for illustration. The inner wall surface of the curved plate 3121 is provided with a plurality of reinforcing rib plates 3122 at staggered intervals to improve the overall strength of the curved plate 3121, reduce the deformation of the curved plate 3121, and improve its stability. Among them, the curved plate 3121 is integrally formed. It can be understood that the curved plate 3121 is integrally formed, and its surface quality is good, smooth and flat, and the surface of the concrete structure is smooth and flat when demoulding. If the first side formwork 312 is spliced ​​by multiple pieces, stress concentration is easy to occur at the splicing point, causing the first side formwork 312 to deform and affecting the pouring effect; and the curved plate 3121 is integrally formed and can be subjected to aging treatment after manufacturing to reduce the phenomenon of stress concentration.

[0099] In some embodiments, the curved plate 3121 is made of manganese steel, a high-strength steel primarily designed to withstand harsh working conditions such as impact, extrusion, and material abrasion. It also exhibits excellent alkali and corrosion resistance. As will be appreciated, concrete is typically alkaline and susceptible to corrosion of the curved plate 3121. Using manganese steel to manufacture the curved plate 3121 can reduce corrosion.

[0100] Reference Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments, to improve the synchronization of the drive of the first drive cylinder 320, multiple first drive cylinders 320 are connected by a synchronization valve (the second drive cylinder 330 and the third drive cylinder 340 are also connected by a synchronization valve to ensure synchronization of the drive. Their structure and function are basically similar to those of the first drive cylinder 320. The first drive cylinder 320 is used as an example for description). Common synchronization valves include diverter valves and diverter-combiner valves 420. Taking the diverter-combiner valve 420 as an example, the diverter-combiner valve 420 can be used to synchronize the first drive cylinders 320 in both directions. The diverter-combiner valve 420 can also be used in a synchronization circuit 400 with large load differences, ensuring speed synchronization even under full load imbalance, with high synchronization accuracy. The synchronization circuit 400 refers to the synchronous operation of two or more hydraulic actuators in a hydraulic system at the same displacement or speed (or a fixed speed ratio).

[0101] Reference Figure 9As shown, taking the driving of two first drive cylinders 320 as an example, when the reversing valve 440 is in the left position, hydraulic oil from the hydraulic pump 460 is split into two equal streams by the diverter / combiner valve 420 and enters the first drive cylinders 320, causing the first drive rods of the two cylinders to rise synchronously. When the reversing valve 440 is in the right position, the diverter / combiner valve 420 combines the flow, controlling the synchronous descent of the pistons in the two cylinders. The hydraulically controlled check valve 410 in the circuit prevents the two first drive cylinders 320 from moving due to different loads when stopping mid-stroke. If one of the first drive cylinders 320 reaches the end of its stroke first, oil can flow through the orifice in the one-way throttle valve 430, allowing all cylinders to reach their end points, thus eliminating accumulated errors. The relief valve 450 provides a safety feature, releasing pressure when the pressure exceeds a threshold. The synchronization circuit 400 ensures synchronized driving of the first drive cylinders 320, minimizing deformation of the mold assembly 310.

[0102] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the second gantry 100 includes a guide rail 130, which extends along the front-to-rear direction of the second gantry 100. Two guide rails 130 are spaced apart at the upper and lower ends of the second gantry 100. The first gantry 200 includes a guide wheel assembly, and two rows of guide wheel assemblies corresponding to the positions of the guide rails 130 are spaced apart at the upper and lower ends of the first gantry 200. Each row of guide wheel assemblies includes a plurality of guide wheels 220, and the guide wheels 220 are spaced apart along the extension direction of the guide rails 130. The guide rails 130 and the guide wheels 220 roll in coordination, allowing the second gantry 100 and the first gantry 200 to slide relative to each other.

[0103] It should be noted that the number of guide rails 130 can be three, four, or any other number, depending on actual needs; the number of guide wheels 220 can also be any other number, depending on actual needs. In some embodiments, the guide rails 130 can be provided on the first gantry 200, and the guide wheels 220 can be provided on the second gantry 100.

[0104] Reference Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the first gantry 200 also includes a first support device 210, and the first support device 210 is provided at both the front and rear ends of the first gantry 200. It can be understood that the arc steel mold trolley 1000 is basically supported in the tunnel by its own gravity. During the pouring process, the concrete can easily lift the arc steel mold trolley 1000, causing the position of the arc steel mold trolley 1000 to change, affecting the pouring effect. Therefore, the first support device 210 is used to fix the position of the arc steel mold trolley 1000. The first support device 210 includes a first support beam 211 and two limiting cylinders 212. The two limiting cylinders 212 are spaced apart on the left and right sides of the first gantry 200, and the output ends are fixedly connected to the first support beam 211. The shape of the first support beam 211 matches the wall of the tunnel or the shape of the steel mesh. The limiting cylinder 212 drives the first support beam 211 in the vertical direction to abut against the tunnel wall or the steel bars fixed on the tunnel wall to limit the position of the arc steel mold trolley 1000, reduce the problem of the arc steel mold trolley 1000 being lifted up, and improve the stability of the arc trolley.

[0105] Reference Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the lifting device 110 includes two legs 111, each leg 111 includes a fixing member 1111, a lifting cylinder 1112, a guide member 1114 and a sliding member 1113, the fixing member 1111 is fixedly connected to the guide member 1114, a cavity is formed inside the guide member 1114, and a sliding member 1113 is arranged in the cavity, one end of the lifting cylinder 1112 is connected to the fixing member 1111, and the other end of the lifting cylinder 1112 is connected to the sliding member 1113, so that the sliding member 1113 can slide along the axial direction of the guide member 1114, thereby driving the second gantry 100 to move in the vertical direction.

[0106] Continue to refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the second gantry 100 also includes a second support device 120. The second support device 120 is provided at both the front and rear ends of the second gantry 100. The second support device 120 is connected to the two legs 111 and is used to drive the arc steel mold trolley 1000 to deviate to the left or right. The second support device 120 includes a connecting member 121, a second support beam 123 and an adjusting cylinder 122. The connecting member 121 includes a plurality of channel steels 1211 and a plurality of connecting ribs 1212. The plurality of channel steels 1211 are connected in sequence to form a cavity. Some of the channel steels 1211 are fixedly connected to the legs 111 through the connecting ribs 1212. The adjusting cylinder 122 is arranged in the cavity enclosed by the channel steels 1211. One end of the adjusting cylinder 122 is connected to the channel steel 12111, and the other end is connected to the second support beam 123. The legs 111 are provided with a moving member 112, and the cross-section of the moving member 112 is "L"-shaped. There are four moving parts 112, and each support leg 111 is provided with a moving part 112 in the front and rear directions (the "four, two" mentioned above are only some embodiments of the present invention, and can also be other quantities, for example, there are eight moving parts 112, and four are provided for each support leg 111, which is selected according to actual conditions), and the second support beam 123 is slidably connected to the support leg 111 through the moving part 112. It can be understood that when the tunnel turns, it is necessary to adjust the position of the arc steel mold trolley 1000, and the second support beam 123 abuts against the inner wall of the tunnel. Under the drive of the adjusting cylinder 122, the arc steel mold trolley 1000 can be offset as a whole, thereby adjusting the lateral position of the arc steel mold trolley 1000.

[0107] Reference Figure 8 As shown, the second support beam 123 is provided with a partition 124. The partition 124 is provided between the second support beam 123 and the support leg 111 and is fixedly connected to the second support beam 123. The partition 124 is used to reduce the contact area between the second support beam 123 and the support leg 111, thereby reducing friction, improving the smoothness of sliding, and reducing the phenomenon of sticking. In some embodiments, the partition 124 is in the shape of a long strip and is provided along the extension direction of the second support beam 123. Two partitions 124 are provided at each end of the second support beam 123 to reduce the shaking of the second support beam 123. It should be noted that the partition 124 can also be other shapes, such as cylindrical, elliptical, etc. The partition 124 can also be other quantities, such as six, eight, etc.

[0108] Reference Figure 4As shown, the formwork mechanism 300 also includes an end form unit 500, which is arranged at the end of the moving direction of the formwork assembly 310. The end form unit 500 has multiple pieces and is arranged around the formwork assembly 310. The end form unit 500 is used to cooperate with the formwork assembly 310 and the tunnel wall to form a closed space for pouring concrete. It can be understood that during the first pouring process of the tunnel, the front and rear ends of the formwork assembly 310 are provided with end form units 500 to pour the first reinforced concrete structure. After the pouring is completed, the first reinforced concrete structure can serve as the end form unit 500. Therefore, the end of the formwork assembly 310 close to the reinforced concrete structure does not need to be provided with the end form unit 500. It is only necessary to provide the end of the formwork assembly 310 away from the reinforced concrete structure, that is, the end of the moving direction of the formwork assembly 310. It should be noted that the moving direction refers to the forward direction of the arc steel formwork trolley 1000 during construction.

[0109] Specifically, refer to Figure 14 As shown, the end mold unit 500 includes a first baffle 510, a second baffle 520, a limiter 530, a rotating member 540, a support rod 550 and a limit screw 560. The first baffle 510 and the second baffle 520 are spaced apart in the radial direction of the template assembly 310, forming a gap. Embedded parts can be placed through this gap to improve construction efficiency. The first baffle 510 and the second baffle 520 are connected by a limiter 530. There are two limiters 530 to make the connection between the first baffle 510 and the second baffle 520 more stable. After the embedded parts are set, it is necessary to seal the gap with rubber strips, and then apply foam glue to improve the sealing effect. The limiter 530 is used to prevent the rubber strip from falling and to limit the position of the rubber strip. The first baffle 510 and the second baffle 520 are further connected by a rotating member 540. One end of the rotating member 540 is fixedly connected to either the first baffle 510 or the second baffle 520, and the other end of the rotating member 540 is hingedly connected to the template assembly 310, allowing the end mold unit 500 to be rotatably connected to the template assembly 310 for demolding or supporting the mold. To secure the position of the end mold unit 500 during support, a limit screw 560 is also provided. One end of a support rod 550 is fixedly connected to the template assembly 310, and the other end of the support rod 550 is hingedly connected to one end of a limit screw 560. The other end of the limit screw 560 is hingedly connected to either the first baffle 510 or the second baffle 520. The position of the end mold unit 500 can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the limit screw 560. It should be noted that the structure of the limit screw 560 can refer to that of the first adjustment screw 350.

[0110] In one embodiment of the present invention, a tunnel construction method based on an arc steel formwork trolley is provided. The second gantry includes a first workstation and a second workstation along its length. The first workstation is located at the end facing away from the arc steel formwork trolley, and the second workstation is located at the end closer to the arc steel formwork trolley. The first and second workstations refer to the positions of the formwork assembly during pouring construction. Since the first gantry can drive the formwork assembly to and fro on the second gantry during construction, the first and second workstations are specified on the second gantry for ease of description.

[0111] The tunnel construction method includes the following steps:

[0112] Step S110: The first gantry moves from the first station to the second station. The first gantry can be moved by a winch and a wire rope, or by a motor and a rack, which is not specifically limited here.

[0113] Step S120: The lifting device drives the second gantry to descend to a first target position. The first target position refers to the height position of the second gantry, and the formwork assembly connected to the second gantry needs to be constructed at a suitable height position.

[0114] Step S130: The second driving cylinder drives the second side formwork to move to the first pouring position. The first pouring position refers to the position of the second side formwork when it is supported. The second driving cylinder drives the retracted second side formwork to move away from the first gantry to achieve support.

[0115] Step S140: The first driving cylinder drives the first side formwork to move to the second pouring position. The second pouring position refers to the position of the first side formwork when the formwork is supported. The first driving cylinder drives the retracted first side formwork to move away from the first gantry to achieve formwork support.

[0116] Step S150: The third drive cylinder drives the upper formwork to the third pouring position. The third pouring position refers to the position of the upper formwork when it is supported. The third drive cylinder drives the retracted upper formwork away from the first gantry to achieve support. It should be noted that steps S150 and S140 can be performed simultaneously, or step S150 can be performed first and then step S140. The appropriate step can be selected based on the actual working conditions.

[0117] Step S160: The upper formwork is hinged to the first gantry via an adjustable screw. Because the third drive cylinder is hinged to the first side formwork and the upper formwork at both ends, it is possible that the third drive cylinder may not be fully engaged. The adjustable screw allows the distance between the upper formwork and the tunnel wall to be adjusted by varying its overall length, ensuring that the upper formwork is positioned appropriately for pouring.

[0118] Step S170: Concrete is poured between the formwork assembly and the inner wall of the tunnel to form a reinforced concrete structure. It will be appreciated that the formwork assembly is provided with multiple pouring ports, spaced apart. During pouring, the ports are opened and concrete is poured through them. When the concrete level is about to reach a port, the corresponding port is closed and a higher-positioned port is used for pouring. A vibrator may be used during the pouring process to reduce the formation of bubbles within the concrete and improve pouring quality.

[0119] Step S180: The lifting device retracts and leaves the tunnel support surface. When the concrete reaches the expected strength, the lifting device retracts and the first gantry supports the second gantry. Retracting the lifting device can reduce the possibility of the lifting device hitting the ground during the movement of the second gantry.

[0120] Step S190: The second gantry moves along the tunnel extension direction, so that the first gantry moves from the second workstation to the first workstation. The movement of the second gantry facilitates the subsequent movement of the first gantry along the second gantry, achieving the overall movement of the arc steel mold trolley from one construction location to the next.

[0121] Step S200: The lifting device extends and is supported on the support surface. The second gantry supports the first gantry to facilitate the subsequent movement of the first gantry.

[0122] Step S210: Dismantling the adjusting screw. It is understood that the adjusting screw needs to be dismantled before the template assembly is demoulded to prevent the adjusting screw from affecting the rotation of the upper template.

[0123] Step S220: The third driving cylinder drives the upper template to return to the original position for demoulding. The third driving cylinder drives the upper template to move toward the first gantry to achieve demoulding.

[0124] Step S230: The first drive cylinder drives the first side formwork to reset and demold. The first drive cylinder drives the first side formwork toward the first gantry to achieve demolding. It should be noted that steps S230 and S220 can be performed simultaneously, or step S230 can be performed first, followed by step S220, depending on the actual construction situation.

[0125] Step S240: The second driving cylinder drives the second side template to reset and demould. The second driving cylinder drives the second side template to move toward the first gantry to achieve demould.

[0126] Step S250: The lifting device drives the second gantry to rise to a second target position to demould the lower template. The second target position refers to the height position of the second gantry. The rise of the second gantry will drive the template assembly to rise, thereby achieving demoulding of the lower template.

[0127] It should be noted that after executing step S250, step S110 and subsequent steps may be repeated to implement a construction cycle.

[0128] It is understandable that in the construction of the secondary lining of a tunnel, the tunnel is usually divided into multiple construction sections for construction. The arc steel formwork trolley in the embodiment of the present invention can be moved in the tunnel by the mutual support of the first gantry and the second gantry without laying tracks. Therefore, the bottom wall and side wall of the tunnel can be cast at the same time, improving construction efficiency. It is understandable that since the upper formwork and the second side formwork are separable during demoulding, the upper formwork and the second side formwork can be closer to the first gantry during demoulding, thereby increasing the distance between the formwork assembly and the tunnel wall, and the two ends of the third driving cylinder are respectively hinged to the upper formwork and the second side formwork. The position of the third driving cylinder has little effect on the position of the upper formwork during demoulding, which can further increase the distance between the upper formwork and the first gantry, and can reduce the situation where the formwork assembly hits the tunnel wall during movement.

[0129] In the arc steel mold trolley of the embodiment of the present invention, the second gantry is provided with a first station and a second station along the front-to-back direction. The first gantry is movably mounted on the second gantry and can move between the first and second stations. The first station is located at the rear end along the front-to-back direction, while the second station is located at the front end along the front-to-back direction. The first and second stations are the positions of the formwork support mechanism during pouring. The first gantry can drive the formwork support mechanism to move back and forth on the second gantry, thereby switching between the first and second stations.

[0130] A tunnel construction method based on an arc steel mold trolley according to an embodiment of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:

[0131] S1501: A first steel mesh is set up on the inner wall of the tunnel. The first steel mesh is formed by tying steel bars to the tunnel segments. The first steel mesh is tied according to the design of the secondary lining of the tunnel.

[0132] S1502: The first gantry moves from the first workstation to the second workstation. The first gantry can achieve relative movement with the second gantry through the cooperation of a winch and a wire rope, or the cooperation of a motor and a rack, which is not specifically limited here.

[0133] S1503: The lifting device drives the second gantry down to a first target position, so that the lower formwork mates with the corresponding portion of the first reinforcement mesh. The first target position refers to the height of the second gantry, which causes the first gantry to descend to a height ready for construction, i.e., a position where the lower formwork mates with the corresponding portion of the first reinforcement mesh.

[0134] S1504: The second driving cylinder drives the second side formwork to move to a position that cooperates with the partial structure corresponding to the first steel bar grid.

[0135] S1505: The first driving cylinder drives the first side formwork to move to a position that cooperates with the partial structure corresponding to the first steel bar grid.

[0136] S1506: The third driving cylinder drives the upper template to move to a position that cooperates with the partial structure corresponding to the first steel bar grid.

[0137] It should be noted that step 1505 and step 1506 can be performed simultaneously, or successively, or alternately according to actual working conditions, so as to achieve the formwork of the upper formwork and the first side formwork.

[0138] S1507: Install the adjustment screw and use it to adjust the position of the upper formwork. Because the ends of the third drive cylinder are hinged to the first side formwork and the upper formwork, respectively, if the third drive cylinder is not fully engaged, the screw can be adjusted to change its overall length to adjust the distance between the upper formwork and the inner wall of the tunnel, thereby moving the upper formwork to a more suitable position for pouring.

[0139] S1508: Concrete is poured between the formwork assembly and the inner wall of the tunnel to form a reinforced concrete structure. It is understood that the formwork assembly is provided with pouring ports, and multiple pouring ports can be provided as needed, with the multiple pouring ports spaced apart. During pouring, the pouring ports are opened and concrete is poured through them. When the concrete level is about to reach a pouring port, the corresponding pouring port is closed and poured from a higher position. A vibrator can be used during the pouring process to reduce the formation of bubbles within the concrete and improve pouring quality.

[0140] S1509: The lifting device retracts and disengages from the tunnel's supporting surface. When the reinforced concrete structure reaches the desired strength, the lifting device retracts, with the first gantry supporting the second gantry. This retraction reduces the risk of the lifting device colliding with the tunnel's inner wall during movement.

[0141] S1510: The second gantry moves along the tunnel extension direction to switch the first gantry from the second workstation to the first workstation. The forward movement of the second gantry facilitates the forward movement of the first gantry in subsequent steps, thereby achieving the overall movement of the arc steel mold trolley, that is, moving from one tunnel segment to the next.

[0142] S1511: The lifting device extends and is supported on the support surface. At this time, the second door frame supports the first door frame, so that the first door frame can move forward in the subsequent steps.

[0143] S1512: Remove the adjusting screw. It is understood that the adjusting screw needs to be removed before the template assembly is demoulded to prevent the adjusting screw from affecting the rotation of the upper template.

[0144] S1513: The third driving cylinder drives the upper template to reset and demould.

[0145] S1514: The first driving cylinder drives the first side template to reset and demould.

[0146] It should be noted that step 1513 and step 1514 can be performed simultaneously, or sequentially, or alternately according to actual working conditions, so as to achieve demoulding of the upper template and the first side template.

[0147] S1515: The second driving cylinder drives the second side template to reset and demould.

[0148] S1516: The lifting device drives the second gantry to rise to the second target position to demold the lower template. The second target position refers to the height of the second gantry. The rise of the second gantry drives the rise of the first gantry, which in turn drives the template assembly to rise, achieving demolding of the lower template.

[0149] In the construction of the secondary lining of a tunnel, the construction method of an embodiment of the present invention adopts an arc steel formwork trolley to realize the integral casting of the secondary lining of a cylindrical tunnel segment. The arc steel formwork trolley moves along the extension direction of the tunnel and continues to cast the secondary lining of the remaining tunnel segments. The arc steel formwork trolley includes a first gantry, a second gantry and a formwork mechanism. The second gantry is provided with a first workstation and a second workstation. The first gantry is fixedly connected to the formwork mechanism and movably sleeved on the second gantry, so that it can switch positions between the first workstation and the second workstation. The second gantry is supported on the support surface of the tunnel. The formwork mechanism can complete the processes of formwork, casting, and forming at the second workstation under the drive of the first gantry. At the same time, before demolding, the second gantry detaches from the support surface and moves along the extension direction of the tunnel, so that the formwork mechanism switches to the first workstation. The second gantry is supported on the support surface of the tunnel again. At this time, the formwork mechanism completes demolding at the first workstation and moves to the second workstation again to realize the processes of formwork, casting, and forming of the secondary lining of the next tunnel segment, thereby realizing the cycle of integral casting of the secondary lining of the tunnel segment. The embodiment of the present invention realizes the integral casting of the secondary lining of multiple tunnel segments through the step-changing operation of the second portal and the formwork mechanism, thereby improving the secondary lining construction efficiency.

[0150] The construction method of the embodiment of the present invention adopts an arc steel formwork trolley, and the formwork supporting mechanism includes a formwork assembly, a first driving cylinder, a third driving cylinder and an adjusting screw. The formwork assembly includes an upper formwork and a first side formwork. The two ends of the first driving cylinder are respectively hinged to the first side formwork and the first gantry, and the two ends of the third driving cylinder are respectively hinged to an end of the upper formwork close to the first side formwork and an end of the first side formwork close to the upper formwork. The two ends of the adjusting screw can be respectively hinged to the first gantry and an end of the upper formwork away from the first side formwork; the connection method of the third driving cylinder and the adjusting screw, the setting position of the first driving cylinder and the third driving cylinder enables the first side formwork and the upper formwork to be synchronously adjusted by the first driving cylinder and the third driving cylinder respectively to achieve formwork supporting and demolding, thereby improving the efficiency of formwork supporting and demolding. When the first side formwork and the upper formwork are synchronously demolded, no mutual interference will occur, which reduces the difficulty of demolding and further improves the efficiency of the secondary lining construction of the tunnel; and the formwork assembly can be more retracted to the first gantry in the demolding state, effectively avoiding the collision of the first gantry with the inner wall of the tunnel during movement, thereby improving the safety of construction.

[0151] In another embodiment of the present invention, a tunnel construction method based on an arc steel mold trolley includes the following steps before step S1510:

[0152] S1601: A second reinforcement grid is installed along the inner wall of the tunnel in the direction of extension. This second reinforcement grid is constructed by tying rebar within the tunnel segments according to the design of the tunnel's secondary lining. Step S1601 is typically placed between steps S1508 and S1509. While waiting for the reinforced concrete to reach the desired strength, workers can continue to construct the secondary lining grid for the next tunnel section, thus reducing downtime and improving the efficiency of the tunnel's secondary lining.

[0153] In another embodiment of the present invention, a tunnel construction method based on an arc steel mold trolley includes the following steps before step S1508:

[0154] S1701: The limiting cylinder drives the first support beam to support the tunnel's support surface. Step S1701 is typically performed between steps S1507 and S1508, but can also be performed between steps S1503 and S1504. The first support beam applies force to the tunnel's inner wall, thereby more accurately positioning the first portal and formwork mechanism relative to the tunnel's inner wall. This prevents the first portal and formwork mechanism from slipping during concrete pouring between the formwork assembly and the tunnel's inner wall, potentially affecting pouring quality.

[0155] In another embodiment of the present invention, a tunnel construction method based on an arc steel mold trolley includes the following steps before step S1516:

[0156] S1801: The limit cylinder retracts and disengages from the support surface. Step S1801 is typically set between steps S1515 and S1516, but can also be set between S1511 and S1512. After the reinforced concrete reaches the desired strength, the formwork assembly is demolded from the reinforced concrete. Because demolding the lower formwork requires the lifting device to drive the second gantry upward, thereby driving the first gantry and the formwork assembly upward, the limit cylinder needs to retract to ensure that the limit cylinder does not interfere with the movement of the lifting device.

[0157] In another embodiment of the present invention, a tunnel construction method based on an arc steel mold trolley includes the following steps after step S1502:

[0158] S1901: Clean the outer surface of the formwork assembly. After multiple demoldings, the outer surface of the formwork assembly will contain a lot of substances that affect demolding. Cleaning can improve the demolding effect. In addition, the formwork assembly is cleaned when the formwork support mechanism moves to the second station, which increases the operating space and makes cleaning more convenient for workers, thereby improving cleaning efficiency. In addition, in order to further improve the convenience and safety of workers' cleaning, the second steel mesh frame can be moved to the second station instead of being erected on the inner wall in the extension direction of the tunnel. After cleaning, the formwork assembly can be cleaned. After the cleaning is completed, it can be returned to the first station and the second steel mesh frame can be erected. After the second steel mesh frame is erected, the second lining of the next tunnel section can be poured.

[0159] In another embodiment of the present invention, a tunnel construction method based on an arc steel mold trolley, step S1901 specifically includes the following steps:

[0160] S2001: Clean the concrete and curing agent on the outer surfaces of the upper formwork, the first side formwork, the second side formwork and the lower formwork.

[0161] S2002: Apply a release agent to the outer surfaces of the upper template, the first side template, the second side template and the lower template.

[0162] Cleaning the curing agent and concrete from the outer surfaces of the upper, first, second, and lower forms improves demolding efficiency. Applying a release agent after cleaning, as appropriate, can reduce adhesion of concrete after subsequent pouring and improve the smoothness of the inner surface of the tunnel secondary lining after demolding.

[0163] In another embodiment of the present invention, a tunnel construction method based on an arc steel mold trolley includes the following steps before step S1508:

[0164] S2101: Install multiple limit screws and use them to support multiple end form units between the formwork assembly and the tunnel's inner wall. Before pouring concrete, the limit screws support the end form units and prevent concrete from flowing out of the ends of the formwork assembly. This structure improves formwork support efficiency and enhances the quality of the secondary lining.

[0165] In another embodiment of the present invention, a tunnel construction method based on an arc steel mold trolley includes the following steps before step S1516:

[0166] S2201: Remove multiple limit screws and reset multiple end formwork assemblies. When the reinforced concrete reaches the desired strength, removing the limit screws facilitates the reset of the end formwork units, improving demoulding efficiency and facilitating formwork support for pouring the secondary lining of the next tunnel segment.

[0167] In another embodiment of the present invention, a tunnel construction method based on an arc steel mold trolley includes the following steps after step S2201:

[0168] S2301: Install the embedded parts between the formwork assembly and the inner wall of the tunnel through the connecting port.

[0169] S2302: Use sealing strips to seal the connecting openings.

[0170] It is understood that after the end formwork unit is supported, embedded parts can be placed through the connecting opening. Placing embedded parts through the connecting opening can improve the construction efficiency of embedded parts and reduce the difficulty of embedded parts construction. After the embedded parts are installed, the connecting opening can be sealed with a sealing strip such as a rubber strip, or foam glue can be applied to the gap between the sealing strip and the connecting opening to improve the sealing effect of the end formwork unit and enhance the casting quality of the secondary lining.

[0171] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by ordinary technicians in the technical field without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Arc steel mold trolley, characterized by: include: First mast; A second gantry, with lifting devices provided at both the front and rear ends, the second gantry being passed through the first gantry, and the second gantry and the first gantry being able to move relative to each other; The formwork mechanism includes a formwork assembly, a first driving oil cylinder, a second driving oil cylinder, a third driving oil cylinder and an adjusting screw, wherein the formwork assembly includes an upper formwork, a first side formwork, a second side formwork and a lower formwork; The upper formwork, the first side formwork, the lower formwork and the second side formwork are connected in sequence and arranged around the first gantry, the upper formwork is located above the first gantry, and the first side formwork and the second side formwork are located on the left and right sides of the first gantry respectively; the two ends of the first driving cylinder are respectively hinged to the first side formwork and the first gantry, the two ends of the second driving cylinder are respectively hinged to the second side formwork and the first gantry, and the two ends of the third driving cylinder are respectively hinged to an end of the upper formwork close to the first side formwork and an end of the first side formwork close to the upper formwork, so that the upper formwork and the second side formwork are separated from or connected to each other; One end of the adjusting screw is hinged to the end of the upper template away from the first side template, and the other end of the adjusting screw is hinged to the first gantry, and the adjusting screw is used to adjust the position of the upper template or support the upper template; The length of the second door frame along the front-to-back direction is L1, the length of the template assembly along the front-to-back direction is L2, and L1 and L2 satisfy L1 / L2≥2; A first supporting device is provided at both the front and rear ends of the first gantry. The first supporting device includes a limiting oil cylinder and a first supporting beam. One end of the limiting oil cylinder is connected to the first gantry, and the other end of the limiting oil cylinder is connected to the first supporting beam, so that the first supporting beam abuts against the wall of the tunnel or the steel bars fixed to the wall of the tunnel. A second supporting device is provided at both the front and rear ends of the second gantry. The second supporting device is used to drive the arc steel mold trolley to deviate to the left or right side. The second supporting device includes a connecting piece, a second supporting beam and an adjusting cylinder. The connecting piece is connected to the lifting device. Two moving parts are provided at the lower end of the lifting device. The two moving parts are arranged at intervals along the front and rear directions of the lifting device. The second supporting beam extends along the left and right directions and is slidably connected to the moving parts. One end of the adjusting cylinder is connected to the connecting piece, and the other end is connected to the second supporting beam to drive the second supporting beam and the second gantry to move relative to each other.

2. The arc steel mold trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arc steel mold trolley also includes a hydraulic pump, a reversing valve and a synchronization valve. The hydraulic pump, the reversing valve, the synchronization valve and the plurality of first driving cylinders are connected to form a synchronization circuit.

3. The arc steel mold trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second door frame includes a guide rail extending in the front-rear direction, and the first door frame includes a guide wheel, and the guide wheel is in rolling engagement with the guide rail.

4. The arc steel mold trolley according to claim 3, characterized in that: At least two guide rails are arranged at intervals on the upper and lower ends of the second gantry, and at least two rows of guide wheel groups corresponding to the guide rails are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the first gantry, each row of the guide wheel groups includes a plurality of guide wheels, and the plurality of guide wheels are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the guide rails.

5. The arc steel mold trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting device includes at least two legs, and at least two of the legs are spaced apart along the left and right directions of the second mast. The legs include a lifting cylinder, a fixing part, a guide part and a sliding part. The guide part is fixedly connected to the fixing part, and a cavity is formed inside the guide part. The sliding part is arranged in the cavity. One end of the lifting cylinder is connected to the fixing part, and the other end of the lifting cylinder is connected to the sliding part so that the sliding part can slide along the axial direction of the guide part.

6. The arc steel mold trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formwork supporting mechanism also includes a plurality of end form units, which are arranged at the end of the moving direction of the formwork assembly and are arranged around the formwork assembly. The end form unit includes a first baffle, a second baffle, a limiting member, a rotating member, a support rod and a limiting screw. The first baffle and the second baffle are spaced apart along the radial direction of the formwork assembly. The first baffle and the second baffle are connected through the limiting member. One end of the rotating member is fixedly connected to the first baffle and / or the second baffle, and the other end of the rotating member is hinged to the formwork assembly so that the first baffle and the second baffle can be rotatably connected to the formwork assembly. One end of the support rod is fixedly connected to the formwork assembly, and the other end of the support rod is hinged to one end of the limiting screw. The other end of the limiting screw is hinged to the first baffle or the second baffle, and the limiting screw is used to adjust or fix the position of the end form unit.

7. The arc steel mold trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting screw includes a first screw, a second screw, an adjusting sleeve, a first nut and a second nut. The first screw and the second screw are respectively screwed to the two ends of the adjusting sleeve. The first nut is screwed to the first screw to limit the relative rotation between the first screw and the adjusting sleeve. The second nut is screwed to the second screw to limit the relative rotation between the second screw and the adjusting sleeve.

8. A tunnel construction method using the arc steel formwork trolley according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The second gantry includes a first workstation and a second workstation along the length direction; The tunnel construction method comprises: The first gantry moves from the first station to the second station; The lifting device drives the second gantry to descend to a first target position; The second driving cylinder drives the second side formwork to move to the first pouring position; The first driving cylinder drives the first side formwork to move to the second pouring position; The third driving cylinder drives the upper template to move to the third pouring position; The upper template is hinged to the first door frame through the adjusting screw; pouring concrete between the formwork assembly and the inner wall of the tunnel; The lifting device is retracted and separated from the supporting surface of the tunnel; The second gantry moves along the extension direction of the tunnel so that the first gantry switches from the second workstation to the first workstation; The lifting device extends out and is supported on the supporting surface; Disassembling the adjusting screw; The third driving oil cylinder drives the upper template to reset and demould; The first driving cylinder drives the first side template to reset and demould; The second driving cylinder drives the second side template to reset and demould; The lifting device drives the second door frame to rise to a second target position to demould the lower template.

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