System for contactless transfer of electric power from a primary conductor to a winding

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system for contactless transmission of electric power from a primary conductor to a winding, the winding being arranged on a moving device that can move along a moving surface. The primary conductor has a plurality of primary conductor segments, which are electrically connected to each other or are electrically connected respectively through switching sections. The primary conductor has a plurality of wires, and each of the wires has a corresponding spacing relative to the moving surface. In the respective primary conductor segments, the individual spacings of the wires are different from each other. The first primary conductor segment is electrically connected to the second primary conductor segment through a switching section, so that the spacing of the second wire in the first primary conductor segment is smaller than that of the third wire, and the spacing of the second wire in the second primary conductor segment is larger than that of the third wire.

Description

Field of the Invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a system for contactless transmission of electrical power from a primary conductor to a winding. Background Art

[0002] It is generally known that electrical power can be inductively transmitted in a transformer.

[0003] As the closest prior art, uniform power exchange, i.e., power swapping, is known from FIGS. 11A to 12 of document WO 2007 / 048 268A1. Figure 6

[0004] Inductive power supply from a road to a vehicle is known from document US2015 / 0 246 614A1.

[0005] An X-ray tomography device is known from document US2009 / 0 116 618A1. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to achieve as efficient a transmission as possible.

[0007] In a system for contactless transmission of electrical power from a primary conductor to a winding, the winding is arranged on a moving device that can move along a moving surface, in particular on the side of the moving device facing the primary conductor, in particular on the lower side of the moving device. The important features of the present invention in the system are that

[0008] the primary conductor has a plurality of primary conductor segments, which are electrically connected to each other or are electrically connected respectively through exchange positions / transposition positions,

[0009] wherein the primary conductor has a plurality of wires, in particular three wires, which are laid parallel to each other and parallel to the moving surface,

[0010] wherein each of the wires has a respective spacing relative to the moving surface,

[0011] wherein in the respective primary conductor segments, the spacings of the wires, in particular all the spacings, are different from each other,

[0012] In particular, the first wire among the wires has the smallest spacing,

[0013] wherein the first primary conductor segment is electrically connected to the second primary conductor segment through an exchange position, such that in the first primary conductor segment, the spacing of the second wire is smaller than that of the third wire, and in the second primary conductor segment, the spacing of the second wire is larger than that of the third wire,

[0014] Among them, the distance of the first wire in the wire relative to the moving surface in the first primary conductor section is the same as the distance relative to the moving surface in the second primary conductor section.

[0015] The advantage here is that by means of commutation, the current values flowing in the second wire and the third wire are equalized. In the first wire, that is, in the wire closest to the ferrite core with windings, a slightly larger current value flows due to the magnetic coupling of the wires, even though all the wires are connected to each other at the connection points. By only implementing the commutation of the second wire and the third wire, the commutation part, that is, the area required in the laying direction of the primary conductor, is as small as possible.

[0016] Therefore, the primary conductor is composed of wires that are electrically connected in parallel and laid as a current loop, especially a long-strip current loop, especially a current loop with branches. The wires are electrically connected to each other at the first connection point and the second connection point spaced apart from it. The AC power supply applies an alternating current at the first connection point and extracts an alternating current at the other connection point.

[0017] The primary conductor between the two connection points consists of a primary conductor section and a commutation part arranged between the primary conductor sections.

[0018] In each primary conductor section, each wire in the wires is laid as straight as possible, especially at a constant distance or a constant spacing from the moving surface of the moving device.

[0019] If the wires have different spacings relative to the moving surface respectively, commutation is performed at the commutation part adjacent to the primary conductor section between two wires that are not especially at the minimum spacing or minimum distance from the moving surface. Therefore, current equalization is implemented between two wires that are further away from the first wire. Although the wires are electrically connected in parallel, the current value in the first wire is still slightly larger because the first wire does not participate in the commutation and is not arranged inside the wire arrangement but at the edge. In this way, the electric power transmitted from the first wire to the moving device by the winding of the moving device is slightly more than the electric power transmitted from the wires participating in the commutation.

[0020] The wires are respectively laid through the first primary conductor section, the commutation part, and the second primary conductor section following the commutation part. Therefore, each wire in the wires is guided from the first connection point to the second connection point. Inside the first primary conductor section, the wires are spaced apart from each other.

[0021] The primary conductor is allowed to have additional such commutation parts and primary conductor sections. However, two primary conductor sections successively arranged in the laying direction are at least different from each other in the arrangement of the second wire and the third wire.

[0022] If all the conductors have the same spacing relative to the moving surface, the effect of magnetic coupling between two primary conductor segments extending parallel to each other is significant, where the first primary conductor segment serves as the outgoing line and the second primary conductor segment serves as the return line. The outermost conductor, i.e., the conductor arranged in the outgoing line and having the largest spacing relative to the return line, forms the smallest magnetic coupling with the return line. Therefore, the other conductors will be exchanged. Thus, the current values in these conductors are balanced.

[0023] Therefore, different from the closest prior art, in the present invention, an uneven exchange of conductors is implemented.

[0024] In an advantageous design, the spacing of the second conductor in the second primary conductor segment is equal to the spacing of the third conductor in the first primary conductor segment, and the spacing of the third conductor in the second primary conductor segment is equal to the spacing of the second conductor in the first primary conductor segment. The advantage here is that the positions of the two exchanged conductors are swapped. Thus, the effect of the magnetic coupling of the conductors is balanced and the current values in the two exchanged conductors are substantially the same.

[0025] In a system for contactless transmission of electrical power from a primary conductor to a winding, the winding is arranged on a moving device that can move along a moving surface, in particular on the side of the moving device facing the primary conductor, especially on the lower side of the moving device. The important features of the system are

[0026] wherein the primary conductor has a plurality of primary conductor segments, which are electrically connected to each other or are electrically connected respectively through exchange sites

[0027] wherein the primary conductor has a plurality of conductors, especially three conductors, which are especially arranged parallel to each other and parallel to the moving surface

[0028] wherein the second primary conductor segment in the primary conductor segment is arranged parallel to the first primary conductor segment in the primary conductor segment, especially wherein the first primary conductor segment serves as the outgoing line and the second primary conductor segment serves as the return line

[0029] wherein each conductor in the conductors of the first primary conductor segment has a corresponding spacing relative to the second primary conductor segment respectively

[0030] wherein each conductor in the conductors of the second primary conductor segment has a corresponding distance relative to the first primary conductor segment respectively

[0031] wherein in the first primary conductor segment, the spacings of the conductors, especially all the spacings, are different from each other

[0032] Wherein, in the second primary conductor segment, the distances of the wires, in particular all the distances, are different from each other.

[0033] Wherein, in the first primary conductor segment, a first wire among the wires has the largest spacing relative to the second primary conductor segment, and this first wire has the largest distance relative to the first primary conductor segment in the second primary conductor segment.

[0034] In particular, wherein the values of the spacing and the values of the distance are of the same magnitude.

[0035] Wherein, the first primary conductor segment is electrically connected to the second primary conductor segment through an exchange portion, so that in the first primary conductor segment, a second wire has a smaller spacing than a third wire, and in the second primary conductor segment, the second wire has a larger distance than the third wire.

[0036] The advantage here is that the wires of the outgoing line and the return line are even all arranged in a plane parallel to the moving surface but spaced apart from the moving surface. Nevertheless, the current is balanced. The first wire is the external wire here. The second wire and the third wire are the more internal wires here.

[0037] Different from the closest prior art, in the present invention, an uneven exchange of conductors is also implemented. Because not only before the exchange portion but also after the exchange portion, the external wire still remains the external wire.

[0038] In an advantageous design, the distance of the second wire in the second primary conductor segment is equal to the spacing of the third wire in the first primary conductor segment, wherein the distance of the third wire in the second primary conductor segment is equal to the spacing of the second wire in the first primary conductor segment. The advantage here is that the positions of the second wire and the third wire are exchanged from the first primary conductor segment to the second primary conductor segment, that is, from the outgoing line to the return line. Therefore, the magnetic coupling effect on the two wires is balanced.

[0039] In an advantageous design, the three wires are electrically connected to each other at a first connection portion.

[0040] In particular, wherein the three wires are electrically connected to each other at a second connection portion spaced apart from the first connection portion. The advantage here is that the first connection portion is the feeding point for applying the current from the AC power supply, and the other connection portion is the leading-out point.

[0041] In an advantageous design, the AC power supply applies an alternating current to the first connection portion, and this alternating current is led back to the AC power supply at the second connection portion. The advantage here is that the alternating current can be applied to the primary conductor. Therefore, different from the voltage source, there is an as constant as possible current value.

[0042] In an advantageous design, each of the conductors is formed by an HF (high-frequency) stranded wire and / or by a stranded wire formed by a single wire surrounded by an insulating layer. The advantage here is that losses can be reduced. Since each of the conductors thus consists of a single wire bundle that is individually insulated. In this way, losses due to the skin effect, in particular due to magnetic effects, such as the skin effect, can be reduced.

[0043] In an advantageous design, the moving surface is planar. The advantage here is that the moving device can be configured, for example, as an automated guided vehicle system, an autonomous vehicle, or a mobile logistics aid.

[0044] In an advantageous design, the moving surface is a one-dimensional curve,

[0045] wherein, in the case of a one-dimensional curve, the moving device is guided by a track. The advantage here is that the moving device can be configured as a rail vehicle.

[0046] In an advantageous design, data is modulated onto the first conductor in such a way that a current component is modulated whose frequency is at least ten times the frequency of the alternating current applied by the alternating current source. The advantage here is that data can additionally be modulated onto the unswitched conductors and thus onto conductors that are less twisted. Since a larger current component of the current applied by the alternating current source also already flows in this first conductor, a larger part of the current component modulated for data transmission already exists on the first conductor, and thus an improved signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved during data transmission. This effect is also supported by reducing the effect of magnetic coupling.

[0047] In an advantageous design, the moving device has a U-shaped ferrite core, wherein the wire of the first primary conductor section is arranged between the legs of the U-shaped ferrite core, and wherein the wire of the second primary conductor section is arranged outside the ferrite core,

[0048] In particular, wherein a winding acting as a secondary winding is wound around the yoke region connecting the two legs of the "U" (letter). The advantage here is that high efficiency can be achieved even when the spacing between the outgoing and return lines is large.

[0049] In an advantageous design, the moving device has an E-shaped ferrite core,

[0050] wherein the wire of the first primary conductor section is arranged between the first leg and the middle leg of the E-shaped ferrite core,

[0051] wherein the wire of the second primary conductor section is arranged between the second leg and the middle leg of the E-shaped ferrite core,

[0052] In particular, among them, the winding acting as the secondary winding is wound around the yoke region of the leg connecting "E". The advantage here is that as much magnetic flux as possible can be guided in the ferrite core.

[0053] In an advantageous design, the mobile device has an E-shaped ferrite core.

[0054] Among them, the winding acting as the secondary winding is configured as a flat winding, and the flat winding is wound around the middle leg of "E", and in particular extends around as a conductor path on the circuit board. The advantage here is that the primary conductor can be arranged in the floor, that is, below the moving surface. It is important here that the coil core, especially the ferrite core, does not pass through the floor but is spaced apart from the moving surface.

[0055] The present invention is not limited to the described combination of features. For those skilled in the art, especially for the purposes proposed and / or the purposes proposed by comparing with the prior art, other reasonable combination possibilities of the features in the specification and / or the features in the drawings can be obtained. Description of the Drawings

[0056] Now the present invention will be described in detail according to the schematic diagrams:

[0057] In Figure 1 a first system for contactless energy transfer is schematically shown, wherein a flat transmitter head is used, and the wires (A, B, C) are arranged parallel to the flat transmitter head, especially horizontally.

[0058] In Figure 2 a second such system is schematically shown, wherein the wires (A, B, C) are arranged perpendicular to the flat transmitter head, especially vertically.

[0059] In Figure 3 a third such system is schematically shown, wherein, different from Figure 2 a U-shaped transmitter head is used instead of the flat transmitter head.

[0060] In Figure 4 a fourth such system is schematically shown, wherein, different from Figure 2 a U-shaped transmitter head is used instead of the flat transmitter head.

[0061] In Figure 5 the exchange position of the wires (A, B, C) of the system shown in Figure 1 is shown, wherein, before the exchange position, the primary conductor section acting as the outgoing wire 1 is shown, and after the exchange position, the primary conductor section acting as the return wire 2 is shown.

[0062] In Figure 6 the system shown in Figure 2 is shown.Figure 3 or Figure 4 the switching location of the conductors (A, B, C) of the system in Figure 4 , where a primary conductor section acting as outgoing line 1 is shown before the switching location, and a primary conductor section acting as return line 2 is shown after the switching location.

[0063] In Figure 7 shown Figure 2 、 Figure 3 or Figure 4 the switching locations (70, 71, 72) of the system in Figure 4 .

[0064] In Figure 8 shown is a system in which a branch 73 is arranged along the main movement path. Detailed implementation mode

[0065] As shown in Figure 8 the system has a current conductor loop fed by an AC power supply 80.

[0066] The current conductor loop is laid along a movement path including the main movement path and the dead-end branch 73.

[0067] The current conductor loop has a movement path section, along which an outgoing line section and a return line section arranged in parallel therewith are respectively provided.

[0068] The current direction in the outgoing line of the movement path section is opposite to the current direction in the return line of the movement path section.

[0069] According to the present invention, switching locations (70, 71, 72) are arranged along the current conductor loop.

[0070] The current conductor loop is a primary conductor loop, where the primary conductor is composed of three conductors (A, B, C), and the three conductors are electrically connected to each other at a first connection location 81, and this connection location is connected to the first connection end of the AC power supply 80. The second connection end of the AC power supply 80 is connected to the second connection location 81 of the three conductors (A, B, C).

[0071] The AC power supply 80 applies an alternating current to the primary conductor loop, and this alternating current flows from the first connection location 81 to the second connection location 81.

[0072] The moving device capable of moving along the current conductor loop has a transmitter head, which has a coil core, especially a ferrite core, and has a winding 4 wound around the coil core 3.

[0073] Therefore, electric power can be transmitted non-contactingly through inductive coupling between the current conductor loop and the winding 4.

[0074] In accordance withFigure 1 In an embodiment, a flat transmitter head is used, wherein the winding 4 is configured as a flat winding around the middle leg of the E-shaped core 3.

[0075] Due to the flat transmitter head, according to Figure 1 it is possible to arrange the primary conductor, in particular the winding 4, on the floor of the facility including the system or even in the floor of the facility. The transmitter head can be arranged on the underside of the mobile device, i.e., on the side facing the floor of the facility. Thus, the mobile device can move on the floor.

[0076] As shown in Figure 5 or Figure 6 at the switching locations respectively shown in the drawings, two of the three wires are switched / transposed.

[0077] Figure 6 Shown here is the switching corresponding to the system according to Figure 2 , Figure 3 or Figure 4 of the system. Figure 5 Shown here is the switching corresponding to the system according to Figure 1 of the system.

[0078] In Figure 5 , wire B and wire C are switched because wire B and wire C are closer to each other compared to the external wire A. Because due to magnetic coupling, if no switching is performed and thus the return wire has wire C as the internal wire P4, then a larger current will flow in the internal wire C of the outgoing wire 1.

[0079] By means of switching, it is possible to have the same current value flowing in wire B and wire C.

[0080] Therefore, a larger current can be applied through multiple, in particular triple, embodiments of the primary conductor.

[0081] Each of the wires (A, B, C) is respectively configured as an HF stranded wire, that is, configured as a bundle of individual metal wires insulated from each other.

[0082] The primary conductor is applied with an alternating current by an AC power supply 80, and the alternating current has a frequency between 10 kHz and 1 MHz.

[0083] As shown in Figure 2 , where two other wires B and C away from the winding 4 are shown. Thus, although the current value flowing in wire A is larger than that in the other two wires B and C which have the same current value due to switching. However, wire A is arranged closer to the winding 4 such that the slightly higher current value in wire A does not cause deterioration of the inductive power transmission.

[0084] In any case, the current distribution is overall balanced through the exchange, that is, more balanced compared to the case without exchange.

[0085] Due to the flat transmitter head, according to Figure 2 it is possible to arrange the primary conductor on the floor of the facility including the system or even in the floor of the facility. The transmitter head can be arranged on the lower side of the mobile device, that is, on the side facing the floor of the facility. Thus, the mobile device can move on the floor.

[0086] Figure 3 An example shows a U-shaped transmitter head, where the coil core 30, especially a ferrite core, even penetrates the area between the outgoing line and the return line with its legs. In this way, the inductive coupling is very strong.

[0087] This embodiment is particularly suitable for the track path of the facility, where the outgoing line is laid along the track.

[0088] Figure 4 An example shows an E-shaped core 40, and the middle leg of the core also penetrates the area between the outgoing line and the return line. In this way, the inductive coupling is also very strong.

[0089] This embodiment is particularly suitable for the track path of the facility, where the outgoing line is laid along the track and the return line is also laid parallel to the outgoing line.

[0090] In Figure 7 an example shows a partial area of the primary conductor system. Here, there is a branch 73 transverse to the main movement path of the straight line.

[0091] A first switching site 70 is provided for the branch 73. Here, the switching site 73 at the outgoing line 1 is arranged opposite to the branch 73 on the main movement path.

[0092] Another switching site 71 is arranged at the end area of the main movement path.

[0093] Similarly, a third switching site 73 is arranged at the end area of the branch 73.

[0094] As shown in Figure 8 at the final end area of each branch or main movement path, switching sites (71, 72) are respectively arranged. In addition, another switching site (82, 70) is assigned to each branch, and this additional switching site is arranged opposite to the branch 73 or opposite to one of the two transition areas from the main movement path to the corresponding branch 73. Those areas of the primary conductor with the arrangement order of A, B, C are represented by p in Figure 8 After the switching site, the primary conductor area with the arrangement order of A, C, B thus formed is in Figure 8It is represented by n in the Chinese text.

[0095] The main moving path is Figure 8 L-shaped in the Chinese text, and the branch 73 is shown straight.

[0096] Preferably, the primary conductor system thus consists of three electrically parallel conductor loops, and the conductors of the conductor loops also extend substantially parallel geometrically.

[0097] In particular, the switching parts are arranged at the ends of each branch, at the corresponding base points of each branch, and at the ends of the section.

[0098] In particular, the compensation capacitors (CA, CB, CC) for compensating the section inductance of the primary conductor system are dispersed and inserted into the three electrically parallel, i.e., in particular separate, conductor loops of the primary conductor system respectively. The area of the base points is particularly suitable for this.

[0099] However, in other embodiments according to the invention, the main moving path and / or the branch 73 are configured to be curved.

[0100] In other embodiments according to the invention, the primary conductor composed of multiple wires is not only applied with an alternating current from the power supply for power supply, but especially when the primary conductor is configured according to Figure 2 , Figure 3 or Figure 4 When configured, a higher-frequency current component is also applied to the wire A - that is, in particular, to the wire closest to the winding (4, 31, 41) or the closest to the transmitter head - for data transmission. The frequency used for modulation is at least ten times the frequency of the alternating current applied from the power supply 80.

[0101] The higher-frequency current component can be capacitively - especially near the connection part - coupled into the wire A, or can be inductively coupled. Accordingly, a coupling out is provided on the winding (4, 31, 41).

[0102] List of reference numerals:

[0103] 1 outgoing wire

[0104] 2 return wire

[0105] 3 coil core, especially ferrite core

[0106] 4 winding

[0107] 30 ferrite core

[0108] 31 winding

[0109] 40 ferrite core

[0110] 41 winding

[0111] 70 Switching part for branch

[0112] 71 Switching part for the final end region, i.e., the end region of the main movement path

[0113] 72 Switching part for the end region of branch 73

[0114] 73 Branch

[0115] 80 AC power supply

[0116] 81 Connection part

[0117] 82 Switching part at the transition part to branch 73

[0118] CA Compensation capacitor

[0119] CB Compensation capacitor

[0120] CC Compensation capacitor

Claims

1. A system for contactless transmission of electrical power from a primary conductor to a winding (4), the winding being arranged on a moving device that can move along a moving surface, The primary conductor has a plurality of primary conductor segments that are electrically connected to each other or electrically connected through switching sites (70, 71, 72), The primary conductor has three wires that are parallel to each other and laid parallel to the moving surface, A second primary conductor segment among the primary conductor segments is arranged parallel to a first primary conductor segment among the primary conductor segments. The first primary conductor segment serves as the outgoing line (1), and the second primary conductor segment serves as the return line (2), Each wire in the first primary conductor segment has a corresponding spacing relative to the second primary conductor segment respectively, Each wire in the second primary conductor segment has a corresponding distance relative to the first primary conductor segment respectively, In the first primary conductor segment, the spacings of the wires are different from each other, In the second primary conductor segment, the distances of the wires are different from each other, In the first primary conductor segment, the first wire among the wires has the largest spacing relative to the second primary conductor segment, and this first wire has the largest distance relative to the first primary conductor segment in the second primary conductor segment, The values of the spacings and the values of the distances are the same. It is characterized in that, The first primary conductor segment is electrically connected to the second primary conductor segment through switching sites (70, 71, 72), so that in the first primary conductor segment the second wire has a smaller spacing than the third wire, and in the second primary conductor segment the second wire has a larger spacing than the third wire.

2. The system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, The distance of the second wire in the second primary conductor segment is equal to the spacing of the third wire in the first primary conductor segment, and The distance of the third wire in the second primary conductor segment is equal to the spacing of the second wire in the first primary conductor segment.

3. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, It is characterized in that, The three wires are electrically connected to each other at a first connection site, The three wires are electrically connected to each other at a second connection site spaced apart from the first connection site.

4. The system according to claim 3, It is characterized in that, An AC power supply applies an alternating current to the first connection site, and the alternating current is led back to the AC power supply at the second connection site.

5. The system according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized in that, Each wire among the wires is composed of a high-frequency stranded wire and / or made of a stranded wire, that is, the stranded wire is composed of single wires surrounded by an insulating layer.

6. The system according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized in that, The moving surface is a plane.

7. The system according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized in that, The moving surface is a one-dimensional curve, In the case of a one-dimensional curve, the moving device is guided by a track.

8. The system according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized in that, Data is modulated onto the first wire in such a way that a current component whose frequency is at least ten times the frequency of the alternating current applied by the AC power supply is modulated.

9. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the mobile device has a U-shaped ferrite core, wherein the wire of the first primary conductor section is arranged between the legs of the U-shaped ferrite core, and wherein the wire of the second primary conductor section is arranged outside the ferrite core, a winding acting as a secondary winding is wound around the yoke region connecting the two legs of the "U".

10. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the mobile device has an E-shaped ferrite core, the wire of the first primary conductor section is arranged between the first leg and the middle leg of the E-shaped ferrite core, the wire of the second primary conductor section is arranged between the second leg and the middle leg of the E-shaped ferrite core, a winding acting as a secondary winding is wound around the yoke region connecting the legs of the "E".

11. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the mobile device has an E-shaped ferrite core, a winding acting as a secondary winding is configured as a flat winding, which is wound around the middle leg of the "E" and extends around as a conductor path on the circuit board.

12. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the wires form a primary conductor system as three electrically parallel conductor loops, wherein the conductors are also laid geometrically substantially parallel.

13. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the switching sites are arranged along the mobile surface configured as a track section at - the end of each branch, - the corresponding base points, and / or - the end of the section.

14. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, a corresponding compensation capacitor is electrically connected in series to each wire.

15. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The winding is arranged on the lower side of the mobile device facing the primary conductor.

16. The system according to claim 14, wherein A corresponding compensation capacitor is electrically connected in series to each conductor loop in the conductor loop.

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