NV - color - center fiber - optic invasive sensor and vascular detection system

Abstract

The present invention discloses an NV - center fiber - based invasive sensor and a blood vessel detection system. The invasive sensor includes: a diamond containing NV centers; an incident optical fiber whose input end is used to receive a laser signal; an output optical fiber whose output end is used to output the fluorescence signal generated by the diamond; a microwave waveguide whose input end is used to receive a microwave signal. Wherein, when in use, the invasive sensor is placed into a blood vessel, the laser signal is transmitted to the diamond through the incident optical fiber, and the microwave signal is transmitted to the diamond through the microwave waveguide. The diamond generates a fluorescence signal under the action of the laser signal and the microwave signal, and the fluorescence signal is output to an upper computer through the output optical fiber, so that the upper computer can obtain the magnetic information of the blood vessel according to the fluorescence signal. Thus, this invasive sensor can realize the detection and ablation treatment of blood vessels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of blood vessel detection, and particularly to an NV - color - center fiber - based invasive sensor and a blood vessel detection system. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, cardiovascular diseases have ranked first among the total causes of death of urban and rural residents, far higher than the fatality rates of tumors and other diseases. Traditional blood vessel examinations include CTA, color Doppler ultrasound, angiography, etc. For specific detection of blood vessel lesions and calcifications, it is necessary to assist X - rays to examine blood vessels, and long - term exposure to X - rays will cause harm to the human body. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. To this end, the first object of the present invention is to propose an NV - color - center fiber - based invasive sensor capable of realizing blood vessel detection and ablation treatment.

[0004] The second object of the present invention is to propose a blood vessel detection system.

[0005] To achieve the above object, an NV - color - center fiber - based invasive sensor according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention includes: a diamond containing NV color centers; an incident optical fiber, the input end of which is used to receive a laser signal, and the output end of which is disposed opposite to the first side of the diamond; an output optical fiber, the input end of which is disposed opposite to the second side of the diamond, and the output end of which is used to output the fluorescence signal generated by the diamond, wherein the first side and the second side are opposite to each other; a microwave waveguide, the input end of which is used to receive a microwave signal, and the output end of which is disposed opposite to the third side of the diamond, wherein the third side is perpendicular to the first side and the second side; wherein, when the invasive sensor is used, it is placed into a blood vessel, the laser signal is transmitted to the diamond through the incident optical fiber, and the microwave signal is transmitted to the diamond through the microwave waveguide. The diamond generates a fluorescence signal under the action of the laser signal and the microwave signal, and the fluorescence signal is output to an upper computer through the output optical fiber, so that the upper computer can obtain the magnetic information of the blood vessel according to the fluorescence signal.

[0006] Further, the invasive sensor further includes: a radiation mechanism disposed at the output end of the microwave waveguide and opposite to the third side of the diamond, and the radiation mechanism is used to radiate the microwave signal to the diamond.

[0007] Further, the invasive sensor further includes: a beam expander disposed between the output end of the incident optical fiber and the first side of the diamond, and the beam expander is configured to expand the laser signal to obtain a Gaussian beam.

[0008] Further, the invasive sensor further includes: a first dichroic mirror disposed between the beam expander and the first side of the diamond, and the first dichroic mirror is configured to focus the Gaussian beam onto the diamond.

[0009] Further, the invasive sensor further includes: a second dichroic mirror disposed at the output end of the output optical fiber, and the second dichroic mirror is configured to filter out the laser signal in the fluorescence signal.

[0010] Further, the invasive sensor further includes: a filter disposed on a side of the second dichroic mirror away from the output optical fiber, and the filter is configured to filter out stray light in the fluorescence signal.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the incident optical fiber and the output optical fiber are symmetric with respect to the microwave waveguide and the diamond, and line segments of a preset length of the incident optical fiber and the output optical fiber close to the diamond are bent towards the diamond.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the incident optical fiber, the output optical fiber, and the microwave waveguide are disposed coplanarly, and the input end of the incident optical fiber, the output end of the output optical fiber, and the input end of the microwave waveguide are centrally disposed.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the invasive sensor further includes: a transparent cavity for encapsulating the diamond, the incident optical fiber, the output optical fiber, and the microwave waveguide, and the transparent cavity is linear.

[0014] The NV - center fiber - based invasive sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention can achieve detection and ablation treatment of blood vessels.

[0015] To achieve the above object, an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention provides a vascular detection system, including: the above-mentioned NV-color-center fiber-based invasive sensor; a laser, which is connected to the incident fiber, and the laser is used to generate a laser signal; a microwave generator, which is connected to the microwave waveguide, and the microwave generator is used to generate a microwave signal; a signal collector, which is connected to the output fiber, and the signal collector is used to collect fluorescence signals; a host computer, which is respectively connected to the laser, the microwave generator and the signal collector, and is used to control the laser to generate a laser signal after the NV-color-center fiber-based invasive sensor is inserted into a blood vessel, and transmit the laser signal to the diamond through the incident fiber, and control the microwave generator to generate a microwave signal, and transmit the microwave signal to the diamond through the microwave waveguide, so that the diamond generates fluorescence signals under the action of the laser signal and the microwave signal, and receive the fluorescence signals collected by the signal collector through the output fiber, and obtain the magnetic information of the blood vessel according to the fluorescence signals.

[0016] The vascular detection system according to the embodiment of the present invention can realize the detection and ablation treatment of blood vessels.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, become apparent in part from the following description, or be understood through the practice of the present invention. Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an NV-color-center fiber-based invasive sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an NV-color-center fiber-based invasive sensor according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an NV-color-center fiber-based invasive sensor according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an NV-color-center fiber-based invasive sensor according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an NV-color-center fiber-based invasive sensor according to the third embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an NV-color-center fiber-based invasive sensor according to the fourth specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7It is a schematic structural diagram of an NV - color - center fiber - based invasive sensor according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 It is an energy schematic diagram of a laser signal irradiating an NV color center according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of a blood vessel detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0027] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0028] Below, refer to the attached Figures 1-9 Describe the NV - color - center fiber - based invasive sensor and blood vessel detection system according to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an NV - color - center fiber - based invasive sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention. As Figures 1-2 shown, the NV - color - center fiber - based invasive sensor 100 includes: a diamond 11, the diamond 11 containing an NV color center; an incident optical fiber 12, the input end of the incident optical fiber 12 being used to receive a laser signal, and the output end of the incident optical fiber 12 being disposed opposite to the first side of the diamond 11; an output optical fiber 13, the input end of the output optical fiber 13 being disposed opposite to the second side of the diamond 11, and the output end of the output optical fiber 13 being used to output the fluorescence signal generated by the diamond 11, wherein the first side and the second side are opposite to each other; a microwave waveguide 14, the input end of the microwave waveguide 14 being used to receive a microwave signal, and the output end of the microwave waveguide 14 being disposed opposite to the third side of the diamond 11, wherein the third side is perpendicular to the first side and the second side. Wherein, when in use, the invasive sensor 100 is placed into a blood vessel, the laser signal is transmitted to the diamond 11 through the incident optical fiber 12, and the microwave signal is transmitted to the diamond 11 through the microwave waveguide 14. The diamond 11 generates a fluorescence signal under the action of the laser signal and the microwave signal, and the fluorescence signal is output to the upper computer through the output optical fiber 13, so that the upper computer can obtain the magnetic information of the blood vessel according to the fluorescence signal.

[0030] Specifically, a laser signal with any wavelength (e.g., a laser signal with a wavelength of 532 nm) can be generated by a laser. The laser signal is coupled out through the incident optical fiber 12 and emitted to the diamond 11, exciting the NV color centers in the diamond 11 to generate red fluorescent signals. A command can be sent from the host computer to the microwave generator to make the microwave generator generate a microwave signal with a specific frequency. The microwave signal with the specific frequency is transmitted to the diamond 11 through the microwave waveguide 14 and acts on the NV color centers, changing the fluorescence intensity of the NV color centers. For example, when the microwave frequency matches the external magnetic field around the NV color centers, the fluorescence intensity of the NV color centers will decrease; when the microwave frequency does not completely match the external magnetic field, the fluorescence intensity of the NV color centers will only decrease partially.

[0031] It should be noted that referring to Figure 2 , the incident optical fiber 12 and the outgoing optical fiber 13 are symmetric with respect to the microwave waveguide 14 and the diamond 11, and the line segments with a preset length of the incident optical fiber 12 and the outgoing optical fiber 13 close to the diamond 11 are bent towards the diamond 11. The incident optical fiber 12, the outgoing optical fiber 13, and the microwave waveguide 14 are arranged coplanarly, and the input end of the incident optical fiber 12, the output end of the outgoing optical fiber 13, and the input end of the microwave waveguide 14 are concentrated. Thus, the connection by the optical fiber method increases the stability.

[0032] Furthermore, the fluorescent signal is output to the host computer through the outgoing optical fiber 13 so that the host computer can obtain the magnetic information of the blood vessel according to the fluorescent signal.

[0033] Specifically, the wavelength corresponding to the energy of the ground state and the excited state of the NV color center is 637 nm. Therefore, when a laser signal with a wavelength less than 637 nm is used to irradiate the NV color center, the electrons in the ground state of the NV color center will absorb energy and transition to the excited state. The ground state electrons transition to the excited state, but since the electrons in the excited state are unstable, they will undergo transitions and generate radiative (luminescent) transitions back to the ground state. Among them, the electrons in the excited state with MS = ±1 do not completely return directly along the original path. Some directly radiatively transition to the ground state, but some undergo non-radiative transitions and decay to the metastable state through the internal cross-relaxation process, and then non-radiatively transition to the ground state again. This process does not emit radiation (i.e., does not luminesce). For the NV color center, the transition of the NV color center spin between the ground state and the excited state is conserved. However, the transition through the metastable state is not conserved. Since the transition through the metastable state is a non-radiative transition, the greater the transition probability through the metastable state, the weaker its fluorescent signal will be. Therefore, we can judge the electron spin state of the NV color center by the fluorescence intensity.

[0034] Furthermore, referring to Figure 8, when in a magnetic - field - free environment, under the scanning of a continuous - wave spectrum in a magnetic - field - free environment, the ground - state electrons of the NV color center first transition from the ground state to a degenerate doublet. And a transition occurs when the frequency of the microwave signal is 2.87 GHz. The continuous - wave spectrum will only produce one peak at 2.87 GHz. When in a magnetic - field environment, due to the effect of the magnetic field, the two states of the degenerate doublet will separate, and the energy difference between the two states is 2γB, symmetrically distributed around 2.87 GHz. Therefore, under the action of the continuous - wave spectrum, two peaks will appear, and these two peaks are symmetrically distributed with respect to 2.87 GHz. Since the gyromagnetic ratio γ is a known quantity, when measuring, only by knowing the distance between the two peaks can the magnitude of the magnetic field B be obtained.

[0035] In summary, the NV - color - center - based fiber - optic interventional sensor 100, through the diamond 11, the incident optical fiber 12, the outgoing optical fiber 13, the microwave waveguide 14, and by being mounted on an interventional surgical ablation probe, realizes the detection and ablation treatment of blood vessels.

[0036] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the NV - color - center - based fiber - optic interventional sensor according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 3 shown, the interventional sensor 100 may further include: a transparent cavity 15 for encapsulating the diamond 11, the incident optical fiber 12, the outgoing optical fiber 13, and the microwave waveguide 14, and the transparent cavity 15 is linear.

[0037] Thus, the interventional sensor 100 realizes the detection and ablation treatment of blood vessels by placing the transparent cavity 15 encapsulating the diamond 11, the incident optical fiber 12, the outgoing optical fiber 13, and the microwave waveguide 14 into the blood vessel.

[0038] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the NV - color - center - based fiber - optic interventional sensor according to the second embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 2 、 Figure 4 shown, the interventional sensor 100 may further include: a radiation mechanism 16, the radiation mechanism 16 is arranged at the output end of the microwave waveguide 14, opposite to the third side of the diamond 11, and the radiation mechanism 16 is used to radiate microwave signals to the diamond 11.

[0039] Thus, the interventional sensor 100 radiates microwave signals to the diamond 11 through the microwave waveguide 14 and the radiation mechanism 16.

[0040] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the NV - color - center - based fiber - optic interventional sensor according to the third embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 5As shown, the invasive sensor 100 may further include: a beam expander 17. The beam expander 17 is disposed between the output end of the incident optical fiber 12 and the first side of the diamond 11, and the beam expander 17 is configured to expand the laser signal to obtain a Gaussian beam with high quality and a small divergence angle.

[0041] Further, refer to Figure 6 , the invasive sensor 100 may further include: a first dichroic mirror 18. The first dichroic mirror 18 is disposed between the beam expander 17 and the first side of the diamond 11, and the first dichroic mirror 18 is configured to focus the Gaussian beam onto the diamond 11.

[0042] Thus, the invasive sensor 100, through the first dichroic mirror 18, focuses the Gaussian beam obtained by expanding the laser signal through the beam expander 17 onto the diamond 11.

[0043] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an NV - center fiber - based invasive sensor according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 7 shown, the invasive sensor 100 may further include: a second dichroic mirror 19. The second dichroic mirror 19 is disposed at the output end of the output optical fiber 13, and the second dichroic mirror 19 is configured to filter the laser signal in the fluorescence signal.

[0044] Specifically, after the red fluorescence signal emitted by NV passes through the output optical fiber 13, it can pass through a dichroic mirror composed of a combination of a 650 - nm long - wavelength pass and a 775 - nm short - wavelength pass, filtering the laser signal (such as: 532 - nm excitation light and other stray light) in the fluorescence signal.

[0045] Thus, the invasive sensor 100, through the second dichroic mirror 19, filters the laser signal in the fluorescence signal.

[0046] Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a blood vessel detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 9As shown in the figure, the blood vessel detection system 200 includes: the above-mentioned NV color center fiber-based invasive sensor 100; a laser 21, which is connected to the incident optical fiber 12 and is used to generate a laser signal; a microwave generator 22, which is connected to the microwave waveguide 14 and is used to generate a microwave signal; a signal collector 23, which is connected to the outgoing optical fiber 13 and is used to collect fluorescence signals; and a host computer 24, which is respectively connected to the laser 21, the microwave generator 22, and the signal collector 23. After the NV color center fiber-based invasive sensor 100 is placed into a blood vessel, the host computer 24 is used to control the laser 21 to generate a laser signal, transmit the laser signal to the diamond 11 through the incident optical fiber 12, control the microwave generator 22 to generate a microwave signal, and transmit the microwave signal to the diamond 11 through the microwave waveguide 14, so that the diamond 11 generates fluorescence signals under the action of the laser signal and the microwave signal, and receive the fluorescence signals collected by the signal collector 23 through the outgoing optical fiber 13, and obtain the magnetic information of the blood vessel according to the fluorescence signals.

[0047] Optionally, the signal collector 23 is composed of a fluorescence collection structure, a single-photon detector, and an analog-to-digital converter. Its function is to collect the fluorescence signals of the NV color centers and upload them to the host computer 24. Specifically, the fluorescence signals of the NV color centers are collected by the fluorescence collection structure into the single-photon detector, converted into electrical signals in the photodetector, and converted into digital signals by the analog-to-digital converter and uploaded to the host computer 24.

[0048] It should be noted that the foregoing explanations of the embodiments of the NV color center fiber-based invasive sensor 100 also apply to the blood vessel detection system 200 of this embodiment, and will not be elaborated here.

[0049] In summary, the blood vessel detection system 200 realizes the detection and ablation treatment of blood vessels through the NV color center fiber-based invasive sensor 100, the laser 21, the microwave generator 22, the signal collector 23, and the host computer 24.

[0050] In the description of this specification, the descriptions with reference to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0051] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0052] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically and clearly defined.

[0053] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "mounted", "connected", "connected to", "fixed", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly limited. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0054] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are indirectly in contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "beneath" and "underneath" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a lower horizontal height than the second feature.

[0055] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An NV - center fiber - based invasive sensor, characterized in that, Comprising: A diamond, the diamond containing an NV color center; An incident optical fiber, an input end of the incident optical fiber being used to receive a laser signal, and an output end of the incident optical fiber being disposed opposite to a first side of the diamond; An output optical fiber, an input end of the output optical fiber being disposed opposite to a second side of the diamond, and an output end of the output optical fiber being used to output a fluorescence signal generated by the diamond, wherein the first side and the second side are opposite to each other; A microwave waveguide, an input end of the microwave waveguide being used to receive a microwave signal, and an output end of the microwave waveguide being disposed opposite to a third side of the diamond, wherein the third side is perpendicular to the first side and the second side; Wherein, when in use, the invasive sensor is placed into a blood vessel, the laser signal is transmitted to the diamond through the incident optical fiber, and the microwave signal is transmitted to the diamond through the microwave waveguide. The diamond generates a fluorescence signal under the action of the laser signal and the microwave signal, and the fluorescence signal is output to an upper computer through the output optical fiber, so that the upper computer obtains magnetic information of the blood vessel according to the fluorescence signal; The incident optical fiber and the output optical fiber are symmetric with respect to the microwave waveguide and the diamond, and line segments with a preset length of the incident optical fiber and the output optical fiber close to the diamond are bent towards the diamond.

2. The NV - center fiber - based invasive sensor according to claim 1, wherein, The invasive sensor further comprises: A radiation mechanism, the radiation mechanism being disposed at an output end of the microwave waveguide and being disposed opposite to the third side of the diamond, and the radiation mechanism being used to radiate the microwave signal to the diamond.

3. The NV - center fiber - based invasive sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The invasive sensor further comprises: A beam expander, the beam expander being disposed between an output end of the incident optical fiber and the first side of the diamond, and the beam expander being used to perform beam expansion processing on the laser signal to obtain a Gaussian beam.

4. The NV - center fiber - optic invasive sensor according to claim 3, wherein The invasive sensor further comprises: A first dichroic mirror, the first dichroic mirror being disposed between the beam expander and the first side of the diamond, and the first dichroic mirror being used to focus the Gaussian beam onto the diamond.

5. The NV - center fiber - based invasive sensor according to claim 1, wherein, The invasive sensor further comprises: A second dichroic mirror, the second dichroic mirror being disposed at an output end of the output optical fiber, and the second dichroic mirror being used to filter out the laser signal in the fluorescence signal.

6. The NV - center fiber - optic invasive sensor according to claim 5, wherein, The invasive sensor further comprises: A filter, the filter being disposed on a side of the second dichroic mirror away from the output optical fiber, and the filter being used to filter out stray light in the fluorescence signal.

7. The NV - center fiber - optic invasive sensor according to any one of claims 1 - 6, characterized in that, The incident optical fiber, the output optical fiber, and the microwave waveguide are disposed in a coplanar manner, and an input end of the incident optical fiber, an output end of the output optical fiber, and an input end of the microwave waveguide are centrally disposed.

8. The NV - center fiber - based invasive sensor according to any one of claims 1 - 6, characterized in that, The invasive sensor further comprises: A transparent cavity for encapsulating the diamond, the incident optical fiber, the output optical fiber, and the microwave waveguide, and the transparent cavity is linear.

9. A blood vessel detection system, characterized in that, Comprising: The NV color center fiber-based invasive sensor according to any one of claims 1-8; A laser, the laser being connected to the incident optical fiber, and the laser being used to generate a laser signal; A microwave generator, which is connected to the microwave waveguide and is used to generate microwave signals; A signal collector, which is connected to the outgoing optical fiber and is used to collect fluorescence signals; A host computer, which is respectively connected to the laser, the microwave generator and the signal collector. After the NV - center fiber - based invasive sensor is placed into a blood vessel, it is used to control the laser to generate a laser signal, transmit the laser signal to the diamond through the incident optical fiber, control the microwave generator to generate a microwave signal, and transmit the microwave signal to the diamond through the microwave waveguide, so that the diamond generates fluorescence signals under the action of the laser signal and the microwave signal, and receive the fluorescence signals collected by the signal collector through the outgoing optical fiber, and obtain the magnetic information of the blood vessel according to the fluorescence signals.

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