A large-scale safety monitoring system and method for wind turbine blades

Abstract

The present invention discloses a large-scale safety monitoring system for wind turbine blades, comprising an impeller connected to one end of a nacelle, the bottom of the nacelle connected to the top of a tower, the bottom of the tower fixedly connected to a foundation, a blade safety monitoring system provided on the impeller, a nacelle provided with a nacelle acquisition system, the nacelle provided with a nacelle acquisition system comprising a nacelle acquisition cabinet, a nacelle data transmission system, and a nacelle cabinet, and a tower base cabinet provided at the bottom of the tower. By adding a blade safety monitoring system to a wind turbine, the present invention can promptly detect the operating status of the blades. When problems such as reduced blade defects, blade headroom abnormalities, etc. occur, the turbine can be shut down for inspection in a timely manner, effectively avoiding the safety risks of blades sweeping the tower due to blade defects or complex wind conditions, and greatly improving the working efficiency of the wind turbine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wind power equipment, and in particular to a large-scale safety monitoring system and method for wind turbine blades. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of society, people's awareness of energy conservation has gradually increased. As a new energy source, wind power has attracted more and more attention.

[0003] As we all know, blades are the primary energy capture device for wind turbines, and their safety is crucial to their operation. However, with the advancement of wind power technology, blades are becoming larger and larger, leading to higher costs. Wind turbines are located in harsh environments, especially those in mountainous wind farms, where wind conditions are complex, with variable wind direction and high turbulence year-round. Under extreme conditions, blades are highly likely to scrape the tower or break, significantly reducing the efficiency of wind turbines.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the safety and reliability of blades has become a technical problem that people urgently need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the above technical problems in the related art, the present invention proposes a large-scale safety monitoring system and method for wind turbine blades, which can overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0007] A large-scale safety monitoring system for wind turbine blades includes an impeller connected to one end of a nacelle, the bottom of the nacelle connected to the top of a tower, the bottom of the tower fixedly connected to a foundation, a blade safety monitoring system provided on the impeller, a nacelle equipped with a nacelle data collection system comprising a nacelle data collection cabinet, a nacelle data transmission system, and a nacelle cabinet, and a tower base cabinet provided at the bottom of the tower.

[0008] The impeller includes a hub, a pitch cabinet and a plurality of blades. The blade safety monitoring system includes a measurement signal transmitter, a measurement signal receiver, a hub data acquisition system and a hub signal transmission system. The hub is provided with a hub acquisition cabinet. The hub data acquisition system and the hub signal transmission system are respectively located inside and on the top of the hub acquisition cabinet. The measurement signal transmitter and the measurement signal receiver are respectively located at the root and the middle of the blade;

[0009] The pitch cabinet is electrically connected to the measurement signal transmitting device, the measurement signal receiving device, and the hub acquisition cabinet respectively. The measurement signal receiving device is communicatively connected to the cabin data transmission system through the hub data acquisition system and the hub signal transmission system. The cabin data transmission system is communicatively connected to the central monitoring system through the tower base cabinet.

[0010] Furthermore, the cabin collection cabinet is powered by the cabin cabinet or the tower base cabinet.

[0011] Furthermore, the measurement signal transmitting device is a laser radar transmitting device, and the measurement signal receiving device is a laser radar receiving board.

[0012] Furthermore, the central monitoring system includes a central control switch and a wind farm server, the cabin data transmission system is communicatively connected to the central control switch through the tower base cabinet, and the central control switch is communicatively connected to the wind farm server.

[0013] A large-scale safety monitoring method for wind turbine blades comprises the following steps:

[0014] S1 When the wind turbine blades are subjected to wind load, the measurement signal transmitter in a blade monitoring system L 0 emits a straight ultrasonic radar light wave, L 0 is the distance from the measuring signal transmitter to the blade root, L 1 is the distance from the measurement signal receiving device to the measurement signal transmitting device;

[0015] S2 is located in L’ = L 0+ L The measurement signal receiving device at 1 changes the data received by the linear ultrasonic radar light wave and determines the actual deflection value. d ;

[0016] S3 through the deflection curve function Calculate the blade tip at this moment L The maximum deflection at the position is Fourth , where a, b, c, d are unknown coefficients, and z is the distance from the middle of the blade to the root;

[0017] S4 Determine the maximum deflection Fourth The maximum allowable deflection of the blade D The relationship between the blade and the operating environment can be further determined to determine the safety of the blade and the impact of the operating environment on the blade.

[0018] Furthermore, when reverse thinking is used, the blade tip is determined when the blade leaves the factory. L Maximum allowable deflection DCalculate the maximum deflection curve inherent in the blade , and calculate the maximum / minimum deflection value allowed at that location Fourth , where a, b, c, d are unknown coefficients, and z is the distance from the middle of the blade to the root; compare the actual measured deflection value of the blade at this location d The maximum / minimum deflection value allowed for the blade at this location Fourth The relationship between the blade and the operating environment can be used to further determine the safety of the blade or the impact of the operating environment on the blade.

[0019] Furthermore, a blade limit deflection warning value and an alarm value are set. When the deflection exceeds the set warning value, the unit operates at limited power; when the deflection exceeds the alarm value, the unit shuts down.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by adding a blade safety monitoring system to the wind turbine, the present invention can timely detect the operating status of the blades. If problems such as reduced blade defects and blade clearance abnormalities occur, the machine can be stopped for inspection in time, effectively avoiding the safety risks of blades sweeping the tower due to blade defects or complex wind conditions, thereby saving a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources, and greatly improving the working efficiency of the wind turbine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-scale safety monitoring system for wind turbine blades according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 2 is a schematic diagram of a curve showing a change in deflection δ of a blade at a certain position in a large-scale safety monitoring system for wind turbine blades according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 is a blade deflection curve of a certain model of the large-scale safety monitoring system for wind turbine blades according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 is a dangerous curve of blade deflection change at a certain position of the wind turbine blade large-scale safety monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 2. It is a schematic diagram of blade deflection changes of a large-scale safety monitoring system for wind turbine blades according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] In the figure: 1. Impeller, 2. Nacelle, 3. Tower, 4. Foundation, 5. Blade safety monitoring system, 6. Central monitoring system, 11. Hub, 12. Pitch cabinet, 13. Blade, 21. Nacelle data collection cabinet, 221. Nacelle data transmission system, 22. Nacelle cabinet, 51. Measurement signal transmitter, 52. Measurement signal receiver, 53. Hub data collection cabinet, 531. Hub signal transmission system, 61. Central control switch, 62. Wind farm server. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, a large-scale safety monitoring system for wind turbine blades according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an impeller 1, the impeller 1 is connected to one end of a nacelle 2, the bottom of the nacelle 2 is connected to the top of a tower 3, the bottom of the tower 3 is fixedly connected to a foundation 4, the impeller 1 is provided with a blade safety monitoring system 5, the nacelle 2 is provided with a nacelle data collection system, the nacelle data collection system includes a nacelle data collection cabinet 21, a nacelle data transmission system 221 and a nacelle cabinet 22, and the bottom of the tower 3 is provided with a tower base cabinet 31;

[0030] The impeller 1 includes a hub 11, a pitch cabinet 12 and a plurality of blades 13. The blade safety monitoring system 5 includes a measurement signal transmitter 51, a measurement signal receiver 52, a hub data acquisition system and a hub signal transmission system 531. The hub 11 is provided with a hub acquisition cabinet 53. The hub data acquisition system and the hub signal transmission system 531 are respectively located inside and on the top of the hub acquisition cabinet 53. The measurement signal transmitter 51 and the measurement signal receiver 52 are respectively located at the root and the middle of the blade 13.

[0031] The pitch cabinet 12 is electrically connected to the measurement signal transmitting device 51, the measurement signal receiving device 52, and the hub collection cabinet 53 respectively. The measurement signal receiving device 52 is communicatively connected to the cabin data transmission system 221 through the hub data acquisition system and the hub signal transmission system 531. The cabin data transmission system 221 is communicatively connected to the central monitoring system 6 through the tower base cabinet 31.

[0032] In the embodiment, the cabin collection cabinet 21 is powered by the cabin cabinet 22 or the tower base cabinet 31 .

[0033] In the embodiment, the measurement signal transmitting device 51 is a laser radar transmitting device, and the measurement signal receiving device 52 is a laser radar receiving board.

[0034] In the embodiment, the central monitoring system 6 includes a central control switch 61 and a wind farm server 62 , the cabin data transmission system 221 is communicatively connected to the central control switch 61 through the tower base cabinet 31 , and the central control switch 61 is communicatively connected to the wind farm server 62 .

[0035] The present invention mainly monitors the deformation of blades through a large-scale deflection measurement scheme, and judges the blade safety and unit safety of the wind turbine by comparing and analyzing the differences in the deformation of each blade.

[0036] As we all know, blades are primarily the energy harvesting devices of wind turbines, and their safety is crucial to turbine operation. However, with the advancement of wind power technology, blades are becoming larger and larger, and their costs are increasing. Consequently, the need to monitor blade safety and deploy blade safety protection devices is increasing.

[0037] The blade is a flexible component. When the impeller rotates, the blade will bend to a certain extent when the wind blows on it. The present invention mainly uses the laser radar ranging method to measure the deflection of the fixed position of the blade. Because the wind speed from the ground to the highest blade tip is a nonlinear value, the deflection of the blade at a fixed position when the wind turbine rotor rotates is The change curve of is a fluctuation curve, such as Figure 2 As shown, the deflection of a certain position of the blade Schematic diagram of the change curve. When the corresponding deflection under a certain operating condition exceeds the preset value, it is determined that the wind turbine blades are performing abnormally and need to be shut down for inspection or operate at reduced power.

[0038] When calculating the load and strength of wind turbine blades, the maximum deflection of the blade is calculated under extreme working conditions or when the blade deflection is maximum. Given that wind turbine blades are variable-section beams, combined with the force analysis and deformation mode of the blades, the bending deformation of the blades can be expressed by a deflection curve function that combines an exponential and a polynomial:

[0039]

[0040] Among them, a ,b,c,d is the undetermined coefficient, z is the distance from the middle of the leaf to the root.

[0041] According to the one-dimensional beam theory of structural mechanics, the blade root is fixedly supported, the derivative of the blade deflection curve at the blade root is 0, and the maximum deflection of the blade tip under the action of the composite force is D, if the leaf length is L , then the blade deflection curve is as follows Figure 3 .

[0042] The safety monitoring system mainly monitors the deflection change of the blade at a fixed position.

[0043] The deflection value detection adopts a large-scale detection method. The laser radar transmitter installed at the root of the blade emits a linear laser light wave, and the signal receiving device installed on a certain section of the blade reads and transmits the data. This method is a detection method for the absolute value of the blade deflection. The data is accurate and does not require conversion. The large-scale detection data is reliable. The specific arrangement is as follows:

[0044] 1. Install a laser radar transmitter at the root of the blade. The radar transmitter can be adjusted to suit the installation angle.

[0045] 2. Install a laser radar receiving board at a certain position in the middle of the blade. The receiving board has the function of reading and transmitting data, and transmits the read data to the collection cabinet of the hub;

[0046] 3. The signal from the hub data collection cabinet is exchanged with the cabin data collection cabinet through wireless transmission equipment;

[0047] 4. The hub's lidar transmitter and data receiving board collector are powered by the hub cabinet's power supply, and the wiring layout of the blades and hub positions is laid according to the existing brackets;

[0048] 5. The cabin collection cabinet is powered by the cabin cabinet or the tower base cabinet;

[0049] 6. The data signal is transmitted to the switch of the tower base system, and finally the data is transmitted to the central control switch of the central monitoring system through the wind farm ring network system. The data is run through the wind farm server installed in the central monitoring system, and the deflection change value of each blade of each unit and the safety status of the unit are intuitively displayed.

[0050] During the operation of the unit, if the deflection value of a blade exceeds the set safety threshold, an alarm will be issued. Figure 4 As shown, at time T, when the monitoring value of a blade exceeds the upper threshold δmax, it is d 1 and d When the value is 2, the blade is considered to be at greater risk, or the blade stiffness has decreased and needs to be inspected.

[0051] Specifically, during blade design, different extreme deflection curves are mapped to different wind speeds. A library of blade deflection curves is compiled based on the design data. When blades exhibit varying deflections at corresponding wind speeds, this data is instantly communicated with the turbine's main control system to accurately assess blade safety.

[0052] In particular, this technical solution can be used as a means of wind turbine clearance safety monitoring. By setting the blade limit deflection value, when the deflection exceeds the set warning value, the unit operates at limited power; if the deflection exceeds the alarm value, the unit shuts down.

[0053] The blade safety monitoring system mainly detects the deflection value of the blade. A measurement signal transmitter 51 is installed at a certain position in the internal cavity of the blade. The specific installation method can be resin bonding or other methods. A measurement signal receiver 52 is installed at a certain distance L from the measurement signal transmitter 51 to monitor the deflection value of a certain position of the blade in real time.

[0054] The sensor of this detection system measures in such a way that the deflection change between the blade mid-field L is absolutely worth measuring.

[0055] The receipts received by the cabin data transmission system 221 are transmitted to the central control switch 61 through the tower base cabinet 31. The wind farm server 62 analyzes and processes the data obtained by the central control switch 61 and intuitively displays the monitoring results. If there is any abnormal data, an alarm will be issued through pop-up windows or other reminders.

[0056] Regarding the blade safety monitoring method, taking one of the blades as an example, the steps of method one are as follows:

[0057] 1. When the blades of the generator set are subjected to wind load, they will begin to bend under the original balanced load. The measurement signal transmitter 51 in the blade monitoring system transmits linear ultrasonic radar light waves, and the data received by the measurement signal receiver 52 will change. The actual deflection value is measured, such as Figure 4 At time T1, the deflection value generated at the measuring position d =d 1- d m ;

[0058] 2. Combination Figure 3 The blade deflection curve, the blade length L’ = L 0+ L The deflection value at position 1 is d, It can be determined during equipment installation L 0 and L 1, then you can Calculate the blade tip at this moment L Maximum deflection at position Fourth .

[0059] 3. Determine the maximum deflection Fourth The maximum allowable blade D The relationship between the blade and the operating environment can be used to further determine the safety of the blade or the impact of the operating environment on the blade.

[0060] Regarding the method of blade safety monitoring, taking one of the blades as an example, the reverse thinking method has two steps as follows:

[0061] 1. The maximum allowable deflection of the blade tip is determined when the blade leaves the factory D ;

[0062] 2. Calculate the maximum deflection curve inherent in the blade ;

[0063] 3. L’ = L 0+ L 1, and calculate the maximum / minimum deflection value allowed at that location Fourth ;

[0064] 4. When the wind turbine blades are subjected to wind loads, they will begin to bend under the original balanced load. The measurement signal transmitter 51 in the blade monitoring system transmits linear ultrasonic radar light waves, and the data received by the measurement signal receiver 52 will change, and the actual deflection value will be measured. d ;

[0065] 5. Compare the actual measured deflection value of the blade at this position d The maximum / minimum deflection allowed at this location of the blade Fourth The relationship between the blade and the operating environment can be used to further determine the safety of the blade or the impact of the operating environment on the blade.

[0066] To sum up, with the help of the above-mentioned technical solution of the present invention, by adding a blade safety monitoring system to the wind turbine, the operating status of the blade can be discovered in time. If problems such as reduced blade defects and blade clearance abnormalities occur, the machine can be stopped for inspection in time, effectively avoiding the safety risks of blade sweeping the tower due to blade defects or complex wind conditions, thereby saving a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources, and greatly improving the working efficiency of the wind turbine.

[0067] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A large-scale safety monitoring system for wind turbine blades, characterized in that: The invention comprises an impeller (1), wherein the impeller (1) is connected to one end of a nacelle (2), the bottom of the nacelle (2) is connected to the top of a tower (3), the bottom of the tower (3) is fixedly connected to a foundation (4), the impeller (1) is provided with a blade safety monitoring system (5), the nacelle (2) is provided with a nacelle acquisition system, the nacelle acquisition system comprises a nacelle acquisition cabinet (21), a nacelle data transmission system (221) and a nacelle cabinet (22), and the bottom of the tower (3) is provided with a tower base cabinet (31); The impeller (1) comprises a hub (11), a pitch cabinet (12) and a plurality of blades (13); the blade safety monitoring system (5) comprises a measurement signal transmitting device (51), a measurement signal receiving device (52), a hub data acquisition system and a hub signal transmission system (531); a hub acquisition cabinet (53) is provided on the hub (11); the hub data acquisition system and the hub signal transmission system (531) are respectively located inside and on the top of the hub acquisition cabinet (53); the measurement signal transmitting device (51) and the measurement signal receiving device (52) are respectively located at the root and the middle of the blade (13); The pitch cabinet (12) is electrically connected to the measurement signal transmitting device (51), the measurement signal receiving device (52), and the hub data acquisition cabinet (53), respectively; the measurement signal receiving device (52) is communicatively connected to the cabin data transmission system (221) via the hub data acquisition system and the hub signal transmission system (531); and the cabin data transmission system (221) is communicatively connected to the central monitoring system (6) via the tower base cabinet (31); When the blades of the wind turbine are subjected to wind load, the measurement signal receiving device (52) receives the data signal of the measurement signal transmitting device (51) and measures the actual deflection value δ, and exchanges the measured data with the cabin collection cabinet through the hub collection cabinet, transmits the data signal to the switch of the tower base system, and finally transmits the data to the central control switch of the central monitoring system through the wind farm ring network system, compares the data operation status through the wind farm server installed in the central monitoring system, and intuitively displays the deflection change value of each blade of each unit and the unit safety status; when the blade is designed, different limit deflection curves are corresponding to different wind speed conditions, and a blade deflection curve library is compiled according to the design data. When the blade has different deflections at the corresponding wind speed, the data is timely interacted with the unit main control to accurately judge the safety of the blade; when the wind turbine blade is performing load and strength calculation, under the limit working condition, the deflection curve function f(z)=ae is used. bz The maximum deflection of the blade is calculated by using the formula: +cz+d, where a, b, c, and d are unknown coefficients and z is the distance from the middle of the blade to the root.

2. The large-scale safety monitoring system for wind turbine blades according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cabin collection cabinet (21) is powered by the cabin cabinet (22) or the tower base cabinet (31).

3. The large-scale safety monitoring system for wind turbine blades according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The measurement signal transmitting device (51) is a laser radar transmitting device, and the measurement signal receiving device (52) is a laser radar receiving board.

4. The large-scale safety monitoring system for wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central monitoring system (6) includes a central control switch (61) and a wind farm server (62); the cabin data transmission system (221) is communicatively connected to the central control switch (61) via the tower base cabinet (31); and the central control switch (61) is communicatively connected to the wind farm server (62).

5. A large-scale safety monitoring method for wind turbine blades, characterized in that: Using the monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 2 and 4, comprising the following steps: S1 When the wind turbine blade is subjected to wind load, the measurement signal transmitter in a blade monitoring system transmits a linear ultrasonic radar light wave at L0, where L0 is the distance from the measurement signal transmitter to the blade root, and L1 is the distance from the measurement signal receiver to the measurement signal transmitter; S2 is a measurement signal receiving device located at L'=L0+L1, and changes occur in the data received from the linear ultrasonic radar light wave, and the actual deflection value δ is measured; S3 through the deflection curve function f(z) = ae bz +cz+d to calculate the maximum deflection at the blade tip L at this moment as Δ', where a, b, c, d are unknown coefficients, and z is the distance from the middle of the blade to the blade root; S4 determines the relationship between the maximum deflection Δ' and the maximum deflection Δ allowed by the blade, and further determines the safety of the blade or the impact of the operating environment on the blade.

6. The large-scale safety monitoring method for wind turbine blades according to claim 5, characterized in that: When reverse thinking is used, the maximum deflection curve f(z)=ae of the blade is calculated based on the maximum deflection Δ at the blade tip L determined when the blade leaves the factory. bz +cz+d, and calculate the maximum / minimum allowable deflection value Δ' at that location, where a, b, c, and d are unknown coefficients and z is the distance from the middle of the blade to the root. Compare the actual measured deflection value δ of the blade at that location with the maximum / minimum allowable deflection value Δ' of the blade at that location to further judge the safety of the blade or the impact of the operating environment on the blade.

7. The large-scale safety monitoring method for wind turbine blades according to claim 5, characterized in that: Set the blade limit deflection warning value and alarm value. When the deflection exceeds the set warning value, the unit will operate at limited power; when the deflection exceeds the alarm value, the unit will shut down.

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