A special fixture for pistons

Abstract

The present invention relates to a special fixture for a piston, which comprises a base, on which a left driving assembly, a middle rotating assembly, a clamping assembly and a right supporting assembly are provided; in the left driving assembly, a motor drives a transition plate and a connecting shaft to rotate, and the transition plate and the connecting shaft are fixedly connected to the left driving assembly and the middle rotating and clamping assembly, and the middle rotating assembly is swung; the middle rotating assembly can realize the rotation and precise positioning of an outer main shaft; the clamping assembly is symmetrically and fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the outer main shaft, wherein a positioning ring positions the end surface of the piston and ensures the radial rough positioning of the piston pin hole, and a first positioning pin and a second positioning pin precisely position and clamp the piston radially; the right supporting assembly is fixedly connected to the base, and a brake assembly in the right supporting assembly cooperates with the left driving assembly to precisely position the angle of the middle rotating assembly. Through the above structure, the functions of piston positioning and clamping, swinging and rotating, and variable-angle positioning can be realized, meeting the process requirements of piston profile laser cladding, with high control precision, reducing labor intensity and increasing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of special fixtures, and particularly relates to a special fixture for pistons. Background Art

[0002] According to the requirements of current innovative processes, the top surface of the machined piston needs to be reprocessed by laser cladding to meet multiple performance requirements such as wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and fatigue resistance. The overall shape of the outer cylindrical surface of the machined piston is "drum-shaped", and the outer surface in a small area below it is circular, but there are still process tool marks designed. The depth of the internal circular hole is relatively small. Based on the above actual working conditions, it is not conducive to the clamping of traditional chucks and other tools. In addition, the shape of the piston top is relatively complex, and multiple angles and positioning adjustments are required for laser cladding of its surface. Therefore, the requirement for the tooling is to form once with one-time positioning and clamping. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the fact that traditional chucks and other tools cannot be used to cooperate to complete the laser cladding of the piston top in the prior art, the present invention provides a special fixture for pistons.

[0004] The technical solution for the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: A special fixture for pistons includes a base, and a left driving component, a middle rotating component, a clamping component, and a right supporting component are arranged above the base;

[0005] The left driving component mainly includes a left support body, a first worm, a first turbine, a first bearing, a main shaft, a transition plate, and a connecting shaft;

[0006] The first worm, the first turbine, the first bearing, and the main shaft are arranged inside the left support body. The first worm is driven by a first motor to transmit power to the first turbine. The first turbine is fixed to the main shaft and drives the connecting shaft and the transition plate to rotate through the first bearing. The transition plate and the connecting shaft fixedly connect the left driving component and the middle rotating and clamping component, and the rotation of the connecting shaft and the transition plate drives the middle rotating component and the clamping component to swing;

[0007] The middle rotating component mainly includes a rotating body, an outer main shaft, an inner main shaft, a sealing ring, a second bearing, a second turbine, a second worm, a braking device, and a second motor. The second motor drives the second worm to rotate the second turbine, and the second turbine is fixedly connected to the outer main shaft. The braking device is fixedly connected to the rotating body to achieve precise positioning and holding of the rotation stop of the outer main shaft;

[0008] The inner main shaft is fixed below the rotating body and rotates relative to the outer main shaft. The sliding surface is sealed by multiple sliding sealing rings. A first gas-liquid joint connects a first gas-liquid hole and a third gas-liquid hole, a second gas-liquid joint connects a second gas-liquid hole and a fifth gas-liquid hole, a third gas-liquid joint connects a sixth gas-liquid hole and a seventh gas-liquid hole, and a fourth gas-liquid joint connects a fourth gas-liquid hole and an eighth gas-liquid hole. The first gas-liquid joint, the second gas-liquid joint, the third gas-liquid joint, and the fourth gas-liquid joint are arranged at the lower end of the inner main shaft to realize gas-liquid transportation to the clamping component on the upper surface of the outer main shaft;

[0009] The clamping assembly is symmetrically distributed and fixed on the upper end face of the outer spindle, and mainly includes end cover 1, piston rod 1, seat 1, guide rod 1, sliding sleeve 1, end cover 3, guide plate 1, positioning pin 1, end cover 2, piston rod 2, seat 2, guide rod 2, sliding sleeve 2, end cover 4, guide plate 2, positioning pin 2 and positioning ring;

[0010] The positioning ring roughly positions the end of the workpiece shaft, and cooperates with positioning pin 1 and positioning pin 2 to radially position the pin hole of the workpiece;

[0011] End cover 1 and end cover 3 are respectively fixed at the front and rear ends of the inner hole of seat 1, end cover 2 and end cover 4 are respectively fixed at the front and rear ends of the inner hole of seat 2, guide rod 1 and sliding sleeve 1 are distributed above seat 1, guide rod 2 and sliding sleeve 2 are distributed above seat 2, sliding sleeve 1 is fixed to seat 1, sliding sleeve 2 is fixed to seat 2, guide rod 1 moves along the inner hole of sliding sleeve 1, and guide rod 2 moves along the inner hole of sliding sleeve 2;

[0012] Piston rod 1 enters and exits gas-liquid through gas-liquid hole 3 and gas-liquid hole 5 and moves along the inner hole of seat 1, in the same direction and parallel to the moving direction of guide rod 1. The same-side end faces of piston rod 1, guide rod 1 and guide plate 1 are fixedly connected, positioning pin 1 is fixedly connected to the other end face of guide plate 1, and piston rod 1 drives guide plate 1 and positioning pin 1 to move, realizing precise radial positioning and clamping of the workpiece;

[0013] Piston rod 2 enters and exits gas-liquid through gas-liquid hole 4 and gas-liquid hole 6 and moves along the inner hole of seat 2, in the same direction and parallel to the moving direction of guide rod 2. The same-side end faces of piston rod 2, guide rod 2 and guide plate 2 are fixedly connected, positioning pin 2 is fixedly connected to the other end face of guide plate 2, and piston rod 2 drives guide plate 2 and positioning pin 2 to move, realizing precise radial positioning and clamping of the workpiece;

[0014] The right support assembly mainly includes a right support body, a brake assembly, a sealing cover, a sealing sleeve, a shaft, bearing 3 and a gasket.

[0015] The right support body is fixedly connected to the lower base through a gasket. The brake assembly, sealing sleeve, shaft and bearing 3 are located inside the right support body. The brake assembly locks the precise rotation position of the shaft in the sealed cavity formed by the right support body, sealing cover and sealing sleeve. The gasket adjusts the center height of the right support assembly. The shaft rotates through bearing 3 and is fixedly connected to the rotating body, assisting the left drive assembly to rotate the rotating assembly together and realizing the required angle positioning function. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 It is a sectional view of the special fixture for the piston of this application;

[0017] Figure 2 It is a top view of the special fixture for the piston of this application.

[0018] The descriptions indicated by the serial numbers are as follows: 1 base, 2 left support body, 3 first worm, 4 first turbine, 5 first bearing, 6 main shaft, 7 connecting shaft, 8 transition plate, 9 rotating body, 10 outer main shaft, 11 first gas-liquid hole, 12 second gas-liquid hole, 13A third gas-liquid hole, 13B fourth gas-liquid hole, 14A fifth gas-liquid hole, 14B sixth gas-liquid hole, 15A first end cover, 15B second end cover, 16A first piston rod, 16B second piston rod, 17A first seat, 17B second seat, 18A first guide rod, 18B second guide rod, 19A first sliding sleeve, 19B second sliding sleeve, 20A third end cover, 20B fourth end cover, 21A first guide plate, 21B second guide plate, 22A first positioning pin, 22B second positioning pin, 23 positioning ring, 24 inner main shaft, 25 sealing ring, 26 workpiece, 27 seventh gas-liquid hole, 28 eighth gas-liquid hole, 29 second bearing, 30 second turbine, 31 second worm, 32 right support body, 33 brake assembly, 34 sealing cover, 35 sealing sleeve, 36 shaft, 37 third bearing, 38 pad, 39 braking device, 40 first gas-liquid joint, 41 second gas-liquid joint, 42 third gas-liquid joint, 43 fourth gas-liquid joint, 44 first motor, 45 second motor Detailed implementation mode

[0019] For better understanding and implementation, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0020] A special fixture for a piston, comprising a base 1, above which a left driving assembly, a middle rotating assembly, a clamping assembly and a right supporting assembly are provided;

[0021] The left driving assembly mainly includes a left support body 2, a first worm 3, a first turbine 4, a first bearing 5, a main shaft 6, a transition plate 8, a connecting shaft 7 and a first motor 44;

[0022] The first worm 3, the first turbine 4, the first bearing 5 and the main shaft 6 are arranged inside the left support body 2;

[0023] The first worm 3 is driven by the first motor 44 to transmit power to the first turbine 4. The first turbine 4 is fixed to the main shaft 6 and drives the connecting shaft 7 and the transition plate 8 to rotate through the first bearing 5;

[0024] The transition plate 8 and the connecting shaft 7 fixedly connect the left driving assembly and the middle rotating and clamping assembly. The rotation of the connecting shaft 7 and the transition plate 8 drives the middle rotating assembly and the clamping assembly to swing;

[0025] The middle rotating assembly mainly includes a rotating body 9, an outer main shaft 10, an inner main shaft 24, a sealing ring 25, a second bearing 29, a second turbine 30, a second worm 31, a braking device 39 and a second motor 45;

[0026] The second motor 45 drives the second worm 31 to rotate the second turbine 30. The second turbine 30 is fixedly connected to the outer main shaft 10, and the braking device 39 is fixedly connected to the rotating body 9 to achieve precise positioning and holding of the rotation stop of the outer main shaft 10;

[0027] The inner main shaft 24 is fixed below the rotating body 9 and rotates relative to the outer main shaft 10. The sliding surface is sealed by multiple sliding sealing rings 25. The gas-liquid joint one 40 connects the gas-liquid hole one 11 and the gas-liquid hole three 13A. The gas-liquid joint two 41 connects the gas-liquid hole two 12 and the gas-liquid hole five 14A. The gas-liquid joint three 42 connects the gas-liquid hole six 14B and the gas-liquid hole seven 27. The gas-liquid joint four 43 connects the gas-liquid hole four 13B and the gas-liquid hole eight 28. The gas-liquid joint one 40, the gas-liquid joint two 41, the gas-liquid joint three 42 and the gas-liquid joint four 43 are arranged at the lower end of the inner main shaft 24 to realize the gas-liquid transportation of the clamping assembly on the upper surface of the outer main shaft 10;

[0028] The clamping assemblies are symmetrically distributed and fixed on the upper end face of the outer main shaft 10, and mainly include end cover one 15A, piston rod one 16A, seat one 17A, guide rod one 18A, sliding sleeve one 19A, end cover three 20A, guide plate one 21A, positioning pin one 22A, end cover two 15B, piston rod two 16B, seat two 17B, guide rod two 18B, sliding sleeve two 19B, end cover four 20B, guide plate two 21B, positioning pin two 22B and positioning ring 23;

[0029] The positioning ring 23 positions the axial end face of the workpiece 26, and cooperates with the positioning pin one 22A and the positioning pin two 22B for radial positioning;

[0030] The end cover one 15A and the end cover three 20A are respectively fixed at both ends of the inner hole of the seat one 17A. The end cover two 15B and the end cover four 20B are respectively fixed at both ends of the inner hole of the seat two 17B. The guide rod one 18A and the sliding sleeve one 19A are distributed above the seat one 17A. The guide rod two 18B and the sliding sleeve two 19B are distributed above the seat two 17B. The sliding sleeve one 19A is fixed to the seat one 17A, and the sliding sleeve two 19B is fixed to the seat two 17B. The guide rod one 18A moves along the inner hole of the sliding sleeve one 19A, and the guide rod two 18B moves along the inner hole of the sliding sleeve two 19B;

[0031] The piston rod one 16A enters and exits gas-liquid through the gas-liquid hole three 13A and the gas-liquid hole five 14A and moves along the inner hole of the seat one 17A, which is in the same direction and parallel to the moving direction of the guide rod one 18A. The piston rod one 16A, the guide rod one 18A and the same-side end faces of the guide plate one 21A are fixedly connected. The positioning pin one 22A is fixedly connected to the other end face of the guide plate one 20A. The piston rod one 16A drives the guide plate one 21A and the positioning pin one 22A to move, realizing the radial precise positioning and clamping of the workpiece;

[0032] The piston rod two 16B moves in and out through the gas-liquid hole four 13B and the gas-liquid hole six 14B, and moves along the inner hole of the gas-liquid seat two 17B. It is in the same direction and parallel to the moving direction of the guide rod two 18B. The same-side end faces of the piston rod two 16B, the guide rod two 18B and the guide plate two 20B are fixedly connected. The positioning pin two 22B is fixedly connected to the other end face of the guide plate two 20B. The piston rod two 16B drives the guide plate two 20B and the positioning pin two 22B to move, so as to realize the radial precise positioning and clamping of the workpiece 26.

[0033] The right support assembly mainly includes a right support body 32, a brake assembly 33, a sealing cover 34, a sealing sleeve 35, a shaft 36, a bearing three 37 and a gasket 38.

[0034] The right support body 32 is fixedly connected to the lower base 1 through the gasket 38. The brake assembly 33, the sealing sleeve 35, the shaft 36 and the bearing three 37 are located inside the right support body 32. The brake assembly 33 locks the precise rotation position of the shaft 36 in the sealed cavity formed by the right support body 32, the sealing cover 34 and the sealing sleeve 35. The gasket 38 adjusts the center height of the right support assembly. The shaft 36 rotates through the bearing three 37 and is fixedly connected to the rotating body 9, assisting the left drive assembly to rotate the rotating assembly together and realizing the required angle positioning function.

Claims

1. A special fixture for a piston, comprising a base (1). Characterized in that, Above the base (1), there are a left driving component, a middle rotating component, a clamping component and a right supporting component; The left driving component mainly includes a left supporting body (2), a first worm (3), a first turbine (4), a first bearing (5), a main shaft (6), a transition plate (8) and a connecting shaft (7); The first worm (3), the first turbine (4), the first bearing (5) and the main shaft (6) are arranged inside the left supporting body (2). The first worm (3) is driven by a first motor (44) to transmit power to the first turbine (4). The first turbine (4) is fixed to the main shaft (6) and drives the connecting shaft (7) and the transition plate (8) to rotate through the first bearing (5); The transition plate (8) and the connecting shaft (7) fixedly connect the left driving component and the middle rotating and clamping component. The rotation of the connecting shaft (7) and the transition plate (8) drives the middle rotating and clamping component to swing; The middle rotating component mainly includes a rotating body (9), an outer main shaft (10), an inner main shaft (24), a sealing ring (25), a second bearing (29), a second turbine (30), a second worm (31), a braking device (33) and a second motor (45). The second motor (45) drives the second worm (31) to rotate the second turbine (30). The second turbine (30) is fixedly connected to the outer main shaft (10). The braking device (33) is fixedly connected to the rotating body (9) to achieve precise positioning and holding of the rotation stop of the outer main shaft (10); The inner main shaft (24) is fixed below the rotating body (9) and rotates relative to the outer main shaft (10). The sliding surface is sealed by multiple sliding sealing rings (25). The first gas-liquid joint (40) connects the first gas-liquid hole (11) and the third gas-liquid hole (13A). The second gas-liquid joint (41) connects the second gas-liquid hole (12) and the fifth gas-liquid hole (14A). The third gas-liquid joint (42) connects the sixth gas-liquid hole (14B) and the seventh gas-liquid hole (27). The fourth gas-liquid joint (43) connects the fourth gas-liquid hole (13B) and the eighth gas-liquid hole (28). The first gas-liquid joint (40), the second gas-liquid joint (41), the third gas-liquid joint (42) and the fourth gas-liquid joint (43) are arranged at the lower end of the inner main shaft (24) to achieve gas-liquid transmission to the clamping component on the upper surface of the outer main shaft (10); The clamping components are symmetrically distributed and fixed on the upper end surface of the outer main shaft (10), and mainly include a first end cover (15A), a first piston rod (16A), a first seat (17A), a first guide rod (18A), a first sliding sleeve (19A), a third end cover (20A), a first guide plate (21A), a first positioning pin (22A), a second end cover (15B), a second piston rod (16B), a second seat (17B), a second guide rod (18B), a second sliding sleeve (19B), a fourth end cover (20B), a second guide plate (21B), a second positioning pin (22B) and a positioning ring (23); The positioning ring (23) positions the axial end face of the workpiece (26) and cooperates with the first positioning pin (22A) and the second positioning pin (22B) for radial positioning. The first end cover (15A) and the third end cover (20A) are respectively fixed at both ends of the inner hole of the first seat (17A), the second end cover (15B) and the fourth end cover (20B) are respectively fixed at both ends of the inner hole of the second seat (17B), the first guide rod (18A) and the first sliding sleeve (19A) are distributed above the first seat (17A), the second guide rod (18B) and the second sliding sleeve (19B) are distributed above the second seat (17B), the first sliding sleeve (19A) is fixed to the first seat 17A, the second sliding sleeve (19B) is fixed to the second seat (17B), the first guide rod (18A) moves along the inner hole of the first sliding sleeve (19A), and the second guide rod (18B) moves along the inner hole of the second sliding sleeve (19B); The first piston rod (16A) moves in and out of the gas-liquid along the inner hole of the first seat (17A) through the third gas-liquid hole (13A) and the fifth gas-liquid hole (14A), which is in the same direction and parallel to the moving direction of the first guide rod (18A). The same-side end faces of the first piston rod (16A), the first guide rod (18A) and the first guide plate (21A) are fixedly connected. The first positioning pin (22A) is fixedly connected to the other end face of the first guide plate (20A). The first piston rod (16A) drives the first guide plate (21A) and the first positioning pin (22A) to move, realizing precise radial positioning and clamping of the workpiece; The second piston rod (16B) moves in and out of the gas-liquid along the inner hole of the second seat (17B) through the fourth gas-liquid hole (13B) and the sixth gas-liquid hole (14B), which is in the same direction and parallel to the moving direction of the second guide rod (18B). The same-side end faces of the second piston rod (16B), the second guide rod (18B) and the second guide plate (20B) are fixedly connected. The second positioning pin (22B) is fixedly connected to the other end face of the second guide plate (20B). The second piston rod (16B) drives the second guide plate (20B) and the second positioning pin (22B) to move, realizing precise radial positioning and clamping of the workpiece (26); The right support assembly mainly includes a right support body (32), a brake assembly (33), a sealing cover (34), a sealing sleeve (35), a shaft (36), a third bearing (37) and a pad (38); The right support body (32) is fixedly connected to the lower base (1) through the pad 38. The brake assembly (33), the sealing sleeve (35), the shaft (36) and the third bearing (37) are located inside the right support body (32). The brake assembly (33) locks the precise rotation position of the shaft (36) in the sealed cavity formed by the right support body (32), the sealing cover (34) and the sealing sleeve (35). The pad (38) adjusts the center height of the right support assembly. The shaft (36) rotates through the third bearing (37) and is fixedly connected to the rotating body (9), assisting the left drive assembly to rotate the rotating assembly together and realizing the required angle positioning function.

2. The special piston fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner main shaft (24) penetrates through the inner hole of the outer main shaft (10) of the middle rotating assembly, and the inner main shaft is fixed to the lower end face of the rotating body (9). A plurality of sliding sealing rings (25) are provided between the inner main shaft (24) and the outer main shaft (10) for sealing. The inner main shaft (24) is respectively in corresponding communication with the gas-liquid hole one (11), the gas-liquid hole two (12), the gas-liquid hole three (13A), the gas-liquid hole four (13B), the gas-liquid hole five (14A), the gas-liquid hole six (14B), the gas-liquid hole seven (27) and the gas-liquid hole eight (28) provided on the outer main shaft (10), and finally gas-liquid is conveyed to the clamping assembly.

3. The piston special fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, it can realize two-axis rotation and precise positioning and clamping. The positioning ring (23) of the clamping assembly positions the axial end face of the workpiece (26), and the positioning pin one (22A) and the positioning pin two (22B) are used for precise radial positioning and clamping.

4. The piston special fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas-liquid hole one (11) and the gas-liquid hole two (12) provided on the outer main shaft (10) are respectively in communication with the gas-liquid hole three (13A) and the gas-liquid hole five (14A) in the first middle seat (17A) of the clamping assembly, and gas-liquid is conveyed for the movement of the first piston rod (16A). The gas-liquid hole seven (27) and the gas-liquid hole eight (28) are respectively in communication with the gas-liquid hole four (13B) and the gas-liquid hole six (14B) in the second middle seat (17B) of the clamping assembly, and gas-liquid is conveyed for the movement of the second piston rod (16B).

5. The piston special fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that On both sides of the first clamping assembly seat (17A), there are guide rods one (18A) connected to the first guide plate (21A), and the second piston rod (16B) is used to move axially in parallel to realize the positioning and clamping of the positioning pin two (22B). On both sides of the second seat (17B), there are guide rods two (18B) connected to the second guide plate (21B), and the second piston rod (16B) is used to move axially in parallel to realize the positioning and clamping of the positioning pin two (22B).

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