A thermal system and a pressure boosting ejector are used

Abstract

A kind of thermal system and pressure boosting ejector using thermal power boosting belongs to thermal power or fluid power machinery field, fluid is made to realize pressure boosting using thermal power, and pressure boosting ejector is used in thermal cycle system, and pressure boosting ejector at least includes inlet nozzle and diffuser tube, and thermal working medium is injected into pressure boosting ejector inside after being injected into pressure boosting ejector inside through inlet nozzle, and is discharged after deceleration and pressure boosting in diffuser tube;Pressure boosting ejector makes working medium exhaust heat by being mixed with working medium by passing into heat absorbing medium inside, or exhaust heat measure is used on the outer wall of diffuser tube, and pressure boosting ejector generates pressure boosting power using the expansion work greater than compression work of exhaust heat and pressure boosting in diffuser tube generated by nozzle injection of hot gas working medium, can use multi-stage pressure boosting and increase device control pressure boosting ejector inside stable operation, and pressure boosting ejector designed with the same principle can simply and low cost improve thermal cycle efficiency.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of thermal or fluid power machinery. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, whether large steam units of thermal power plants or small and medium-sized steam units of photo-thermal and biomass power generation, due to the temperature limit of the heating surface material, there is a large temperature difference between the thermal cycle and the temperature of the heat source of the furnace flue gas or the photo-thermal heat collector, and there is a temperature difference loss. Although gas units or internal combustion engines do not have heat source temperature difference loss, they have high exhaust temperature due to limited pressure and insufficient expansion ratio, and the thermal cycle has a large exhaust loss. In addition, due to the rapid development of wind power and photovoltaic power generation, thermal power units are facing the pressure of deep peak shaving and frequency modulation. A large decrease in load not only has a large throttling loss of the main steam valve, but also has a serious deviation of the flow from the working condition, and the steam-driven efficiency of the steam turbine is obviously reduced, resulting in a serious decrease in power generation efficiency. Improving the flexibility and operating efficiency of the steam unit is a current industry problem.

[0003] In addition, gas-steam combined cycle units use complex and inefficient waste heat steam units to improve efficiency, occupy a large area and have high cost, and are limited in flexible application in the industrial field due to the influence of traditional steam cycle thinking and the dependence on the development of large units for improving efficiency.

[0004] In the field of thermal ejectors, because of its simple structure, low cost and flexible use, and because it generates a vacuum inside while having a jet expansion process and a deceleration expansion process, it is mainly used for jet pumping (steam) in the engineering field. However, because of the mixing process between the power flow and the pumped flow, shock waves are easily generated, and the flow loss is large. In the invention patent application number CN201510346819.8 document, a vacuum power energy-saving method is proposed, which uses the characteristics of the ejector to adopt a heat removal cooling measure in the diffuser pipe of the ejector, which substantially improves the energy-saving application of the ejector. The effect is very good in pressure reduction and jetting, but when the vacuum state inside the vacuum power ejector changes with the working load, it is easy to fluctuate and lose the vacuum at any time, so it cannot work stably. The application is limited. The invention patent application number CN201711087698.5 document further proposes a circulating pressure boosting method, which substantially breaks through the energy-saving application of the ejector. However, like other common thermal cycles, it is a one-time pressure boost and cannot directly achieve high-parameter operation. Moreover, it also has the problem that the internal vacuum cannot meet the stable pressure boost.

[0005] Under the limitations of the existing technology, most of the waste heat of the engine is discharged, and a large number of heating boilers, industrial steam boilers, and combustion furnaces for drying, etc. are all directly heated by high-temperature flue gas to heat low-temperature working medium, and the high-temperature work potential is completely wasted. In the current period of serious environmental pollution and climate governance challenges, this is a phenomenon that should not exist.

[0006] In summary, although improving energy utilization thermal efficiency has been a basic topic of continuous research in the thermal industry and even the entire industrial field, there are still many challenges and substantial important breakthroughs are still needed. SUMMARY

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to use a pressure booster to make the thermal system easily realize the free matching of pressure and temperature, eliminate the temperature difference of the heat source and the loss of heat rejection, and greatly improve the thermal efficiency at low cost.

[0008] The technical solution of the present application is a thermal system using thermal pressure boosting, belonging to the field of thermal or fluid power machinery, using thermal power to boost the fluid, characterized in that: a pressure booster is used in the thermal cycle system, thermal fluid is used to increase power through the pressure booster to realize thermal pressure boosting, the pressure booster at least includes an inlet nozzle and a diffuser pipe, the thermal working medium is injected into the pressure booster through the inlet nozzle and then discharged after deceleration and pressure expansion in the diffuser pipe; the pressure booster introduces heat-absorbing medium into the interior through a heat-absorbing medium channel to mix with the working medium to make the working medium reject heat, or uses heat rejection measures on the outer wall of the diffuser pipe, or both; the pressure booster uses the expansion work generated by the gas working medium nozzle injection to be greater than the compression work generated by the heat rejection and expansion in the diffuser pipe to generate pressure boosting power; the thermal working medium first compresses itself in the diffuser pipe of the pressure booster, and also compresses the gas heat-absorbing medium, and the pressure booster can use the following measures to ensure stable operation and expand the use,

[0009] (1) a device or channel is used to maintain the pressure at the nozzle outlet lower than that at the inlet, and forced pressure stabilization measures are used to ensure sufficient pressure difference or pressure ratio before and after the nozzle of the thermal working medium;

[0010] (2) a two-stage or multi-stage pressure booster combination is used, the outlet of the front-stage pressure booster is directly or indirectly connected with the inlet nozzle of the rear-stage pressure booster; flexible combination of multiple stages of pressure boosting can achieve various pressures required by thermal work, can maximize the complete matching of temperature and pressure, ensure complete release of thermal energy of high-temperature thermal working medium, and can adapt to various capacity power systems through parallel connection.

[0011] The heat-absorbing medium for working medium heat rejection of the pressure booster can be water or other liquids, or gas containing liquids, and in fact, any substance that can undergo phase change can be used; or compressed gas can be used to enter the pressure booster through the nozzle to expand, cool and absorb heat.

[0012] According to the principle, the application provides a variety of specific structure boost injectors, belongs to the field of thermal power or fluid machinery, uses the injector to realize the pressure boost of the thermal fluid, and the boost injector at least includes an inlet nozzle and a diffuser tube to form a flow device, the thermal working medium is injected into the boost injector through the inlet nozzle and then discharged after deceleration and pressure boost in the diffuser tube, and the boost injector is characterized in that: the injector has a channel for introducing the heat absorbing medium into the interior or a heat exhausting structure is arranged on the outer wall of the diffuser tube, or both the two heat exhausting measures are provided; the thermal working medium nozzle at the inlet of the injector adopts a tapered nozzle or a converging-diverging nozzle, and a device or a channel for maintaining the pressure at the outlet of the thermal fluid nozzle lower than the inlet pressure is adopted. The boost injector has simple and flexible application advantages, and the specific structure and application will be described in detail in the embodiments.

[0013] Advantages of the application

[0014] 1. The forced measures are adopted to make the pressure after the nozzle of the boost injector low enough, so as to ensure the stable injection power of the nozzle and the simple and low-cost boost working advantage of the boost injector, and the maximum problem of the boost injector is solved.

[0015] 2. The essence of the boost of the boost injector is thermal boost, which can replace various compressors to directly generate pressure by using heat at low cost, and the application is simple and flexible, one thermal cycle system can be boosted for multiple times to work until the whole heat utilization process is completed, the high-pressure container and the pipeline system can be greatly saved, the cost is reduced, the amount of steel is reduced, and energy saving and emission reduction are achieved.

[0016] 3. The backflow circulation or reheating circulation in the high-temperature thermal system of the multi-stage boost injector can obviously improve the thermal efficiency, the forms are different but the effects are almost the same, and the advantages can be exerted in the suitable system, especially the heat source temperature, especially the combustion temperature, can be improved as much as possible to break through the traditional turbine high-temperature resistance, and the thermal cycle efficiency can break through 70% and even reach 80%, which becomes a real possibility.

[0017] 4. Through the multi-stage series and parallel combination of the boost injector, the temperature difference loss of the heat source and the circulation heat loss of the steam unit and the gas unit can be completely avoided, so that there is no obvious efficiency difference between the large unit and the small unit, and the small unit has better engineering adaptability and safety, especially the renewable energy power generation is developing rapidly and is unstable, and the flexible generator unit is of great significance.

[0018] 5. The heat source including the fuel heat source, the light heat and the electric heat can be directly used for compressing the gas, storing energy and replacing the compressor in the heat pump system, because the intermediate heat is not discharged for cooling, and the non-rotating mechanical technology advantage is added, the cost is greatly reduced, and the heat pump system is simple and efficient.

[0019] 6. The pressure booster injector can make the hot fluid in the pipeline network of thermal power or chemical industry directly boost the pressure to generate flow power during the delivery process, and can solve the gas compression by thermal pressure boosting, etc., which has universal significance for energy saving and emission reduction in the industrial field.

[0020] 7. For the energy saving reconstruction of existing engineering projects, the pressure booster injector is added before the combustion chamber and the first stage nozzle of the gas turbine unit, which can reduce the high temperature environment of the primary blade and improve the efficiency, and can also be used for waste heat utilization; for large-scale high-parameter steam units, the pressure booster backflow circulation can be added to greatly improve the peak shaving efficiency and flexibility of the unit, and for small and medium-sized units, the parameter can also be increased to improve the efficiency and even expand the capacity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a steam thermal cycle system using a two-stage pressure booster injector; Figure 2 is a pressure booster injector using a straight pipe injection chamber; Figure 3 is a pressure booster injector without an injection chamber (only an inlet nozzle and a diffuser pipe); Figure 4 is a pressure booster injector in which the heat absorption medium is directly introduced into the diffuser pipe; Figure 5 is a pressure booster injector in which the gap between the nozzle outlet and the diffuser pipe inlet is arranged in the injection chamber; Figure 6 is a pressure booster injector in which the nozzle outlet extends into the diffuser pipe inlet, and the annular gap between them is communicated with the injection chamber; Figure 7 is a pressure booster injector in which the nozzle outlet is directly connected with the diffuser pipe inlet; Figure 8 is a pressure booster injector in which the nozzle outlet extends into the diffuser pipe inlet; Figure 9 is a gas thermal cycle in which a two-stage pressure booster injector is installed before the expansion work device; Figure 10 is a gas thermal cycle in which a pressure booster injector is installed between the expansion work devices of the gas unit; Figure 11 is a gas thermal cycle system formed by the combination of a two-stage or multi-stage pressure booster injector and an expansion work device; Figure 12 is a steam thermal cycle unit using backflow circulation; Figure 13 is a thermal power system using multi-stage series pressure booster injectors; Figure 14 and 15 is a multi-stage pressure booster injector thermal system using backflow circulation; Figure 16 and 17 is a thermal cycle system in which a first-stage pressure booster injector is arranged in a four-parallel combination in an outer cover, so that the outer cover becomes a backflow passage; Figure 18 and 19 is a thermal refrigeration cycle using a pressure booster injector; Figure 20 is a thermal refrigeration system in which the cycle system is arranged in an outer cylinder; Figure 21 is a gas power cycle system using a pressure booster injector; Figure 22It is a hydrogen fuel cell system that uses a booster injector; Figure 23 It is a gas thermodynamic cycle that uses high-pressure carbon dioxide as the heat absorption medium of the booster injector; Figure 24 The diagram shows a gas thermodynamic cycle that uses compressed air as the heat absorption medium for the booster injector. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Implementation method 1 employs a thermodynamic cycle of a booster injector and its booster injector.

[0023] As attached Figure 1 The steam power cycle system shown here incorporates a secondary thermal booster ejector, utilizing thermal power to pressurize the fluid. Its features include: a primary booster ejector 9 and a secondary booster ejector 10 connected in series in the thermal cycle; and thermal pressurization achieved by increasing the power of the hot fluid through the ejectors. The booster ejector 9 includes at least an inlet nozzle 91 and a diffuser tube 93. Steam, the working fluid, is injected into the booster ejector 9 through the inlet nozzle 91, decelerates and diffuses within the diffuser tube 93, and then exits. Feedwater is introduced into the booster ejector through the heat-absorbing medium channel 3 as the heat-absorbing medium, mixing with the working fluid to transfer heat to the heat-absorbing medium for heat dissipation. Alternatively, heat dissipation measures (such as heat dissipation fins or water cooling devices) are used on the outer wall of the diffuser tube, or both heat dissipation measures are used. Furthermore, the booster ejector possesses at least one of the following characteristics.

[0024] (1) A device is adopted to maintain the nozzle outlet pressure lower than the inlet pressure. Forced pressure stabilization measures are used to ensure that there is sufficient pressure difference or pressure ratio before and after the hot working fluid nozzle. For example, the pressure maintenance line 6 is led out from the middle section of the steam turbine 11 and connected to the pressure maintenance line 4 of the first-stage booster injector 9 and the pressure maintenance line 5 of the second-stage booster injector 10 respectively. If the system is a low-pressure cycle, the pressure maintenance line 6 can be connected to the condenser 12 (here the dashed line indicates the low-pressure channel inside the injector, and the same applies unless otherwise specified below).

[0025] (2) Two-stage or multi-stage booster injector combination is adopted, with the outlet of the first-stage booster injector directly or indirectly connected to the inlet nozzle of the second-stage booster injector, such as the two-stage series connection of booster injectors 9 and 10.

[0026] The thermodynamic cycle uses feedwater pump 1 to pressurize the condensate in condenser 12, which then enters heater 2 for heating. After being pressurized by booster ejector 9, it enters reheater 8 for further heating, then enters secondary booster ejector 10 for further pressurization, and finally enters the expansion turbine 11 to generate electricity. The steam tail steam is then discharged back into condenser 12 for condensation, forming the thermodynamic cycle. Clearly, the booster ejector combination improves the steam parameters before the turbine, thus increasing efficiency.

[0027] As mentioned earlier, the basic principle of a booster injector is to ensure that the expansion work of the working fluid within the nozzle is greater than the compression work within the diffuser, thereby generating booster power. Its structure can be flexibly designed to adapt to engineering needs. For example, although traditional injectors use Laval nozzles with a scaling structure, the nozzle can also be designed as shown in the attached figure. Figure 5 , 6 As shown in Figures 7 and 8, with a sufficiently large pressure differential, the hot gas flow, after exiting the nozzle and entering the diffuser, will initially accelerate and expand to supersonic speeds before decelerating and diffused. This structure is simpler and helps to minimize resistance and simplify the manufacturing process. Various structures can be adopted as follows:

[0028] (1) As attached Figure 1 As shown, an injection chamber 92 is provided between the inlet nozzle 91 and the diffuser 93 of the booster injector 9. The injection chamber is the channel connecting the two.

[0029] (2) As attached Figure 2 As shown, the injection chamber uses a straight pipe, and the outlet of the straight pipe is connected to the inlet of the diffuser pipe;

[0030] (3) As attached Figure 2 , 3 The booster ejector shown in the diagram uses nozzles connected at the inlet of the booster ejector for both the hot working medium channel and the channel for introducing the heat-absorbing medium into the interior.

[0031] (4) No spray chamber, as shown in the attached document. Figure 3 and 8 The nozzle outlet shown extends into the diffuser inlet, or as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 7 The nozzle outlet shown is directly connected to the diffuser inlet.

[0032] (5) As attached Figure 4-8 The inlet for introducing the heat-absorbing medium inside the ejector shown is located in the diffuser tube;

[0033] (6) As attached Figure 5 The gap between the nozzle outlet and the diffuser inlet shown is arranged within the injection chamber;

[0034] (7) As attached Figure 6 As shown, the nozzle outlet extends into the diffuser inlet so that the annular gap between them communicates with the injection chamber;

[0035] (8) In addition, a booster ejector with a jet chamber can be made into a booster ejector by opening an air extraction channel in the jet chamber.

[0036] In addition, the device or channel for maintaining the nozzle outlet pressure of the booster injector below the inlet pressure can be adopted in the following ways: (1) The inlet section of the injection chamber or diffuser is connected to a low-pressure system with a pressure lower than the injector inlet pressure, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 1(1) The pipe 6 in the figure or connect with special low pressure control system, such as connect low pressure pressure container, by air pump and exhaust valve controller pressure; (2) The injection chamber or diffuser inlet section has a channel connected to the atmosphere, which can be the simplest to make the internal stable control to atmospheric pressure; (3) The injection chamber or diffuser inlet section is maintained by a vacuum pump or connected to the vacuum system through a vacuum pipe; (4) The pipe controlling the pressure of the injection chamber uses a check valve or a regulating valve, so that the internal working medium of the injection chamber or the diffuser inlet can only go out but not come in, which is beneficial to simplify the pressure control.

[0037] Embodiment 2, several thermal cycles increase the pressure of the ejector

[0038] The pressure-ejector can be used in the following thermal cycles:

[0039] (1) As shown in the figure, the two-stage pressure-ejector is installed before the expansion work device of the steam thermal cycle unit, and the steam working medium first enters the pressure-ejector to be cooled and pressurized, and then directly enters the expansion work device, or enters the expansion work device after being reheated and warmed up. Figure 1 (2) As shown in the figure, the two-stage pressure-ejector is installed before the expansion work device 25 of the gas thermal cycle, and the hot flue gas is first cooled and pressurized in the pressure-ejectors 23 and 24, and then directly enters the expansion work device 25 to do work or enters the expansion work device after being reheated and warmed up; the air is pressurized by the air compressor 20, enters the combustion chamber 21, is warmed up by burning with fuel, becomes a hot working medium, and then enters the pressure-ejectors 23 and 24 to be pressurized and cooled, and then enters the expansion work device gas turbine 25 to do work and is discharged into the atmosphere. The pump 26 provides water for the pressure-ejector to become a heat-absorbing medium, which enters the pressure-ejector through a nozzle; the valves 22 and 27 control the opening of the passage between the inside of the pressure-ejector and the atmosphere, and maintain the pressure of the injection chamber at the atmospheric pressure level, which is simple and reliable.

[0040] Figure 9 (3) As shown in the figure, the pressure-ejector is installed between the expansion work devices of the gas turbine unit, and the flue gas from the previous stage of expansion work device enters the pressure-ejector to be cooled and pressurized, and then enters the next stage of expansion work device; or the pressure-ejector can also be installed after the expansion work device of the gas turbine unit, or both, wherein the pump 26 provides water for the pressure-ejector to become a heat-absorbing medium, which enters the pressure-ejector through a nozzle, and the exhaust temperature of the gas turbine unit is increased once.

[0041] (4) As shown in the figure, the pressure-ejector is installed between the expansion work devices of the gas turbine unit, and the flue gas from the previous stage of expansion work device enters the pressure-ejector to be cooled and pressurized, and then enters the next stage of expansion work device; or the pressure-ejector can also be installed after the expansion work device of the gas turbine unit, or both, wherein the pump 26 provides water for the pressure-ejector to become a heat-absorbing medium, which enters the pressure-ejector through a nozzle, and the exhaust temperature of the gas turbine unit is increased once. Figure 10 (4) As shown in the figure, the pressure-ejector is installed between the expansion work devices of the gas turbine unit, and the flue gas from the previous stage of expansion work device enters the pressure-ejector to be cooled and pressurized, and then enters the next stage of expansion work device; or the pressure-ejector can also be installed after the expansion work device of the gas turbine unit, or both, wherein the pump 26 provides water for the pressure-ejector to become a heat-absorbing medium, which enters the pressure-ejector through a nozzle, and the exhaust temperature of the gas turbine unit is increased once.

[0042] Figure 11 ​​The shown thermal turbine cycle, the pressureless hot working medium produced by burning or heating gas flow first enters the first-stage pressure-increasing ejector to reduce temperature and increase pressure, and then enters the first-stage expansion power device. The working medium from the first-stage expansion power device enters the second-stage pressure-increasing ejector, and then enters the second-stage expansion power device, and so on. The thermal cycle system is formed by the combination of two or more stages of pressure-increasing ejectors and expansion power devices. The pump 26 provides water for the pressure-increasing ejector to become the heat-absorbing medium, and the water enters the pressure-increasing ejector through the nozzle. The vacuum pump 29, the vacuum tank 28, and the valve and pipeline are combined to provide the vacuum control device for starting and stable operation of each stage of pressure-increasing ejectors. At least one stage of pressure-increasing ejectors needs to be controlled to be in a vacuum state when starting.

[0043] (5) In the thermal cycle system in which a compressor is used to compress and heat gas to store energy and expand to do work to release energy, a pressure-increasing ejector is used for inter-stage temperature reduction of a multi-stage compressor. The compressed hot gas enters the pressure-increasing ejector to reduce temperature and increase pressure, and then enters the next stage of compression process. The current disclosed scheme is to reduce temperature through a heat exchanger during the compression process and store heat, and to recover heat through the heat exchanger during the expansion stage. The use of the pressure-increasing ejector can eliminate the heat exchanger and reduce the heat storage container, thereby simplifying the system.

[0044] (6) As shown in the attached Figure 12 The steam thermal cycle unit shown in the figure adopts a backflow circulation. The pressure-increasing ejector 31 is installed in the steam thermal cycle unit. Steam is extracted from the front of the inlet of the medium-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine system, connected to the inlet of the pressure-increasing ejector through the pipeline 33, the outlet of the pressure-increasing ejector is connected to a higher-pressure steam passage to form a steam extraction and pressure-increasing backflow circulation, and a one-way valve 32 and an exhaust valve 30 are added for starting. During starting, steam is supplied first and the exhaust valve 30 is opened, the normal working pressure is reached, and the one-way valve is automatically opened. In the figure, a low-pressure passage (indicated by a dashed line) is connected to the injection chamber of the ejector to maintain the pressure difference before and after the nozzle from the outlet of the medium-pressure cylinder. Similarly, steam is extracted from the low-pressure section of the steam turbine system, connected to the inlet of the pressure-increasing ejector through the pipeline, the outlet of the pressure-increasing ejector is connected to the feedwater pipeline to form a steam extraction and pressure-increasing backflow circulation, and the feedwater is heated. Both types of pressure-increasing backflow circulation are used, and the feedwater enters the heat-absorbing medium passage of the pressure-increasing ejector through the pipeline. The feedwater is injected into the interior of the pressure-increasing ejector through the nozzle to become the heat-absorbing medium. Increasing the flow of the steam backflow circulation can reduce the flow of the main steam into the high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine. Therefore, the flow can be adjusted or supplemented to reduce the flow during load reduction of the unit, and the existing feedwater and steam heater system can be replaced to achieve high-efficiency peak regulation.

[0045] Implementation 3: Several application modes of the pressure-increasing ejector

[0046] One advantage of the pressure-increasing ejector is that the application mode is flexible, and the following modes can be used to play the advantages:

[0047] (1) As shown in the attachedFigure 13 The multi-stage booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown, and the aforementioned booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown. Figure 1 The multi-stage booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown, and the aforementioned booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown. Figure 9 As shown, the booster ejector can be a single-stage booster ejector or a multi-stage booster ejector in series with more than one stage.

[0048] (2) As shown in the booster ejector thermodynamic system, the booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown. Figure 14 The multi-stage booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown, and the aforementioned booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown. 15 The multi-stage booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown, and the aforementioned booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown. Figure 14 As shown in the booster ejector thermodynamic system, the booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown. Figure 15 As shown in the booster ejector thermodynamic system, the booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown.

[0049] (3) The booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown, and the aforementioned booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown.

[0050] (4) The booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown, and the aforementioned booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown.

[0051] The booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown, and the aforementioned booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown.

[0052] The booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown, and the aforementioned booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown.

[0053] The booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown, and the aforementioned booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown. Figure 14 The booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown, and the aforementioned booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown. 15 The booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown, and the aforementioned booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown.

[0054] (1) The booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown, and the aforementioned booster ejector thermodynamic system is shown.

[0055] (2) A reflux cycle with a reflux flow rate to outflow rate ratio (hereinafter referred to as reflux ratio) greater than 1 was adopted. Taking steam cycle as an example, the energy-saving effect of the reflux ratio of the medium and low pressure cylinder is less than 1, which is similar to the effect of steam extraction and reheat cycle. At least theoretically, when the reflux ratio of the high pressure cylinder is greater than 1 and reaches two or several times, it is close to the energy-saving effect of reheat cycle. Increasing the circulation flow rate can increase the energy-saving effect.

[0056] (3) The first-stage booster injector uses two or more booster injectors connected in parallel.

[0057] (4) The first-stage booster injector adds a channel for extracting low-pressure air from the injection chamber; the increased flow rate, even multiplying it, reduces kinetic energy loss due to velocity difference mixing during the airflow extraction process. Additionally, [the following text is missing]. Figure 14 In the reflux cycle at the outlet of the first-stage booster ejector shown, strictly speaking, the outlet pressure of the first-stage ejector is also greater than that at the inlet, at least creating a pressure difference that causes reflux. During its thermodynamic pressurization process, it does work on the compression of the vaporized heat-absorbing medium or the gas drawn in through the extraction channel.

[0058] (5) As attached Figure 16 The thermodynamic cycle shown is in the attached Figure 14 The specific application based on the thermodynamic cycle shown is that four first-stage booster injectors are arranged in parallel inside the outer casing 48. A heating device 49 is arranged at the outer casing end on the inlet side of the first-stage booster injector. The inlet and outlet of the first-stage booster injector are connected to the inside of the outer casing 48, making the outer casing a common return channel for the first-stage booster injector. Furthermore, the working fluid is heated by the heating device before entering the inlet of the first-stage booster injector. This is a thermodynamic cycle that is particularly suitable for concentrated photothermal power and can also be used for thermodynamic devices with other heat sources.

[0059] (6) In the appendix Figure 17 The thermodynamic cycle shown is in the attached Figure 15 In a specific application based on the thermodynamic cycle shown, four first-stage booster ejectors are arranged in parallel inside the outer casing 48. A heating device 49 is arranged at the outer casing end on the inlet side of the first-stage booster ejector. The inlet of the first-stage booster ejector is connected to the inside of the outer casing, and the outlet is connected to the inlet channel of the expansion working device 40 installed on the outer casing. The outlet channel of the expansion working device is connected to the inside of the outer casing, making the outer casing a common return channel for the booster ejector assembly. The return working fluid first absorbs heat and heats up from the heating device 49 before entering the inlet of the first-stage booster ejector for circulation. When used for solar thermal power, the heating device 49 is a solar thermal receiver, and its inner side can adopt a grid or mesh structure to increase the heat exchange effect.

[0060] Implementation Method 5: Exhaust Gas Heat Dissipation and Recovery of Heat Absorbing Medium

[0061] As attached Figure 13-17The thermal cycle shown uses a pressure booster to work, the thermal medium is gas or steam or mixed gas, the heat absorption medium of the pressure booster is water or other evaporable liquid, or gas-liquid mixed fluid, the heating and warming device 36 can be a solar thermal receiver or an electric heating device, or a burner or combustion furnace; the outlet of the pressure booster after one-stage pressure boosting or after multi-stage pressure boosting is connected to the expansion work device 40, the outlet of the expansion work device is connected to the combination of the injection flow divider 42 and the condenser 43, the working medium discharged from the expansion work device first enters the injection flow divider 42 through the nozzle; the working medium discharged from the exhaust passage 44 of the injection flow divider 42 enters the condenser to be condensed and discharged, the lower part of the condenser is connected to the inlet of the injection flow divider through a circulating pipeline, and the low-temperature working medium after condensation enters the injection flow divider again through the circulating pipeline to form a cycle; at least one of the following application modes is adopted,

[0062] (1) As shown in the accompanying Figure 13 , the liquid discharge passage 41 of the injection flow divider is connected to the gas-liquid separator 46, and the water or other liquid separated from the gas-liquid separator is directly or indirectly introduced into the heat absorption medium passage 45 to become the heat absorption medium of the pressure booster, and the gas (or steam) working medium separated from the gas-liquid separator is finally heated in the heating and warming device 36 and becomes the hot working medium of the nozzle at the inlet of the one-stage pressure booster; in general, the injection and heat discharge functions of the injection flow divider can generate pressure in the liquid discharge passage, and a water supplement device can be added to supplement water to the heat absorption medium passage when the pressure is insufficient;

[0063] (2) Or as shown in the accompanying Figure 14-17 , the outlet of the liquid discharge passage 41 of the injection flow divider is directly or indirectly connected (for example, there can be a storage container connected in the middle) to the heat absorption medium passage of the pressure booster, so that the low-temperature working medium separated to the liquid discharge passage of the injection flow divider becomes the heat absorption medium;

[0064] In addition, a gas storage pressure container 47 and its control valve group are added to facilitate the start-up of the system.

[0065] Embodiment 6 is used for heat pump

[0066] As shown in the accompanying Figure 18 , the thermal refrigeration cycle using a pressure booster is a specific application based on the thermal cycle shown in the accompanying Figure 14 , in this thermal cycle for heat pump, the working medium that can undergo phase change is used to automatically generate heat absorption medium in the cycle, or the heat absorption medium that can undergo phase change is added to the incondensable working medium; the outlet passage of the one-stage pressure booster or the outlet passage after multi-stage pressure boosting is connected to the heat rejection heat exchanger 51 to output heat to the outside, the outlet passage of the heat rejection heat exchanger is connected to the injection flow divider 52, or the pressure booster is added again at the outlet of the heat rejection heat exchanger to further boost the working medium before the working medium enters the injection flow divider, which can adapt to higher temperature heat output.

[0067] The outlet channel of the jet distributor is directly or indirectly connected to the heat absorption medium channel of each stage of the booster jet injector, so that the cold working fluid separated by the jet distributor becomes the heat absorption medium of the booster jet injector; or the outlet channel of the jet distributor is connected to the vapor-liquid separation vessel (similar to the attached figure). Figure 13 In the gas-liquid separator 46), the liquid working medium separated from the gas-liquid separator enters the heat-absorbing medium channel to become the heat-absorbing medium of the booster injector, and the separated gas working medium enters the heating and temperature-raising device to be heated and finally becomes the heat working medium of the inlet nozzle of the first-stage booster injector. At the same time, one of the following working modes can be adopted:

[0068] (1) The heat pump system adopts a semi-open circulation mode. The exhaust channel of the jet distributor discharges low-temperature working fluid to the outside, and the first-stage booster jet adds an exhaust channel to absorb working fluid from the environment. Generally, it is directly connected to the atmosphere. Here, the exhaust channel of the jet distributor and the exhaust channel of the booster jet are connected by a dashed line to indicate that they are optional.

[0069] (2) The heat pump system adopts a closed-loop circulation mode. The exhaust channel outlet of the jet distributor is connected to the heat absorption heat exchanger 53 to absorb heat from the outside low temperature. The outlet of the heat absorption heat exchanger is connected to the air extraction channel added by the booster jet, so that the low temperature heat absorption working medium merges with the heat working medium inside the booster jet and the heat absorption working medium and is pressurized and compressed. Then the merged working medium enters the heat exhaust heat exchanger to exhaust heat at high temperature. The so-called high temperature heat exhaust is only relative to the heat absorption temperature.

[0070] (3) As attached Figure 19 The heat pump cycle shown adopts a closed-loop circulation mode. The exhaust channel outlet of the jet distributor is connected to the heat absorption heat exchanger 53 to absorb heat from the outside at low temperature. The outlet channel of the heat absorption heat exchanger is connected to another inlet channel of the jet distributor for circulation operation. The heat working medium in the pressurizing jet merges with the heat absorption medium and then pressurizes, and then enters the heat exhaust heat exchanger to exhaust heat at high temperature.

[0071] (4) As attached Figure 20The heat pump cycle system shown adds a gas reservoir 54 for storing the compressed working gas for startup, and a gas reservoir valve 56 connected to the heat absorption medium channel of the booster injector. It also adds a closed outer cylinder 55, with at least one of the heat exchangers 51 and 53 located outside the cylinder and connected to the internal system via pipelines. The outer cylinder can be configured as either a heat dissipation or heat absorption surface. An exhaust valve 57 is added to the exhaust channel of the injector distributor, connecting to the inside of the outer cylinder. The control system ensures that the gas reservoir valve, exhaust valve, and their associated valves are in the start-up state during system startup. The compressed gas in the gas reservoir provides power for system startup, and the exhaust gas is discharged into the outer cylinder. After normal operation, all valves return to normal operation. An extraction channel is added to the first-stage booster injector to maintain a low-pressure, no-pressure, or vacuum state inside the outer cylinder. Alternatively, a pressurized working gas channel 58 can be led out from before the injector distributor and connected to the gas reservoir to provide the compressed working gas.

[0072] The cost of a heat pump system that replaces the compressor with a booster ejector will be significantly reduced. The use of a booster ejector to split the flow can also generate circulating pressure by utilizing the expansion work, which is difficult to utilize in traditional heat pumps.

[0073] Implementation Method 7: Gas Power

[0074] As attached Figure 21 , 23 The gas power cycle system with booster injectors shown in Figure 24 can be considered as an auxiliary gas power cycle system. Figure 14 In a specific application based on the illustrated thermodynamic cycle, the heating and temperature-raising device is combustion chamber 61, which uses flue gas generated by unpressurized or pressurized combustion as the heat transfer medium. The outlet of the first-stage booster injector or the outlet of the booster injector after multi-stage boosting is connected to an expansion and power-generating device, and the following application methods can be adopted:

[0075] (1) As attached Figure 21 As shown, the combustion chamber uses conventional energy fuel or hydrogen, and water is used as the heat absorption medium of the booster injector. A heat exchanger for exhausting heat or a heat exchanger for heating air 62 is added at the outlet of the expansion power device, and then connected to the injection distributor to recover water.

[0076] (2) As attached Figure 22 As shown, the combustion chamber uses conventional energy fuel or hydrogen, and water as the heat absorption medium for the booster injector. A regenerator 62 for heating air is connected before the injector splitter. Part or all of the exhaust gas from the expansion working device of the circulation system first enters the regenerator for heat removal, and then enters the injector splitter and condenser heat removal combination. The separated condensate is discharged from the drain channel of the injector splitter and ultimately becomes the heat absorption medium for the booster injector in the circulation process. The remaining exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust pipe 64 added to the exhaust channel of the injector splitter. Adding the injector splitter and condenser combination can improve the exhaust gas parameters of the thermodynamic cycle, and the condensate can generate circulation pressure.

[0077] (3) As shown in the attached Figure 23 , the high-pressure carbon dioxide or compressed air is used as the heat-absorbing medium of the gas heat cycle, the high-pressure heat exchanger 71 is connected to the branch of the inlet channel of the expansion device to output heat, and the heat-absorbing medium channel of the high-pressure ejector is directly or indirectly connected to the outlet of the high-pressure heat exchanger, so that the mixed working medium of the pressurized carbon dioxide becomes the heat-absorbing medium of the high-pressure ejector. The biggest advantage of this scheme is that the pressurized carbon dioxide is used to replace water as the heat-absorbing medium of the high-pressure ejector, and the water outlet system is saved, which not only saves water but also reduces operating costs.

[0078] (4) In the combined gas power cycle shown in the attached Figure 24 , a primary or multi-stage high-pressure ejector is used for the pressure boosting process, and an air heater 74 is added in the combustion chamber (or furnace) or flue of the flue gas heat cycle, or a flue gas branch is introduced into the air heater (similar to the heater 71 in the attached Figure 24 ), and the hot air heated by the air heater enters the primary high-pressure ejector of the air heat cycle as its heat-absorbing medium. The heat-absorbing medium of the air heat cycle is water, and the air heat cycle is boosted by the primary or multi-stage high-pressure ejector 75, enters the heat rejection device (combination of the ejector branch 76 and the condenser 78), and then enters the gas-liquid separation device for separation. The separated compressed air provides heat-absorbing medium for the high-pressure ejector of the flue gas heat cycle through the pipeline 79, or simultaneously provides compressed air for the high-pressure ejector and the combustion chamber through the pipelines 79 and 81 for heat-absorbing medium and combustion. The separated water is connected to the heat-absorbing medium of the high-pressure ejector of the air heat cycle through the pipeline 80. In the figure, the compressed air pipeline 81 and the return pipeline 82 are optional.

[0079] The biggest advantage of this scheme is that the heat-absorbing medium water can be recycled, the air heater can make full use of high-temperature flue gas to avoid flue gas condensation corrosion and generate higher pressure compressed air, that is, the air heater can be arranged in the high-temperature flue gas section as much as possible, and in general, controlling the stable low pressure state inside the high-pressure ejector only needs to keep the injection chamber connected to the atmosphere through a valve.

[0080] Similarly, in the gas cycle shown in the attached Figure 21-24 , an air heat cycle can be added to provide compressed air for the combustion chamber as pressurized combustion, and pressurized combustion is beneficial to the use of the return cycle to improve efficiency.

[0081] In addition, similarly, in the attached Figure 22 , 24The expansion work device of the heat cycle can be replaced by a nozzle or a jet, so that the heat pressure boosting cycle using the pressure boosting ejector becomes a gas jet power system, and even a full non-axial power system, which is low in cost, high in efficiency, and flexible and safe in use.

[0082] Embodiment 8, several specific application modes

[0083] It can be illustrated by the above embodiments that the heat pressure boosting cycle system using the pressure boosting ejector can use one of the following application modes,

[0084] (1) The heating and temperature raising device of the heat system is a light heat receiver, an electric heating device, a combustion chamber, a hearth, or other waste heat of a heat system;

[0085] (2) The multi-stage pressure boosting ejector can be used for work connection, gas compression device or heat pump, so as to be connected with an expansion work device after pressure boosting and temperature raising, or a pressure container for storing compressed gas for energy storage, or a heat exchanger for outputting heat.

[0086] (3) The expansion work device can be a steam turbine, a gas turbine, a nozzle, or a jet air ejector.

[0087] The present application belongs to the field of basic innovation and has a wide range of applications, and the specific scheme is not limited to the scope described in the above embodiments.

Claims

1. A thermal system employing thermal pressure boosting, characterized by: in The thermal cycle system adopts a pressure boosting ejector, and the thermal pressure boosting is realized by the method of increasing power of the thermal fluid through the ejector. The pressure boosting ejector at least comprises an inlet nozzle and a diffuser tube. The thermal working medium is injected into the pressure boosting ejector through the inlet nozzle and discharged after deceleration and pressure boosting in the diffuser tube. The pressure boosting ejector is internally connected with a heat absorption medium channel to introduce the heat absorption medium into the pressure boosting ejector to mix with the working medium and make the working medium discharge heat, or a heat discharge measure is adopted on the outer wall of the diffuser tube, or both of the heat discharge measures are adopted. The pressure boosting ejector at least has one of the following characteristics, (1) a device or a channel for maintaining the pressure at the outlet of the nozzle lower than the pressure at the inlet of the nozzle is adopted, and forced pressure stabilizing measures are adopted to ensure that there is a sufficient pressure difference or pressure ratio before and after the nozzle of the thermal working medium; (2) a two-stage or multi-stage pressure boosting ejector combination is adopted, the outlet of the front-stage pressure boosting ejector is directly connected with the inlet nozzle of the rear-stage pressure boosting ejector, or a heater is arranged between the outlet of the front-stage pressure boosting ejector and the inlet nozzle of the rear-stage pressure boosting ejector.

2. A thermodynamic system employing thermal boosting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure boosting ejector is used in one of the following thermal cycles, (1) the pressure boosting ejector is installed before the expansion and power generation device of a steam thermal cycle unit, the steam working medium first enters the pressure boosting ejector to be cooled and boosted in pressure, and then directly enters the expansion and power generation device or enters the expansion and power generation device after being reheated and boosted in temperature; (2) the pressure boosting ejector is installed before the expansion and power generation device of a gas turbine unit, the hot flue gas with pressure first enters the pressure boosting ejector to be cooled and boosted in pressure, and then directly enters the expansion and power generation device to do work or enters the expansion and power generation device after being reheated and boosted in temperature; (3) the pressure boosting ejector is installed between the expansion and power generation devices of a gas turbine unit, the flue gas from the front-stage expansion and power generation device enters the pressure boosting ejector to be cooled and boosted in pressure, and then enters the rear-stage expansion and power generation device; or the pressure boosting ejector is installed after the expansion and power generation device of a gas turbine unit, or both of the features are adopted; (4) the pressure boosting ejector is used in a thermal cycle system formed by a two-stage or multi-stage pressure boosting ejector and expansion and power generation device combination, the pressure boosting ejector is installed before the expansion and power generation device, the non-pressure thermal working medium generated by burning or heating gas first enters the pressure boosting ejector to be cooled and boosted in pressure, and then enters the expansion and power generation device, the working medium from the expansion and power generation device enters the pressure boosting ejector, and then enters the expansion and power generation device, and the thermal cycle system is sequentially formed by the two-stage or multi-stage pressure boosting ejector and expansion and power generation device combination; (5) in a thermal cycle system in which a compressor is used to compress and heat gas to store energy and expand to do work, a pressure boosting ejector is used for inter-stage cooling of the multi-stage compressor, the compressed hot gas enters the pressure boosting ejector to be cooled and boosted in pressure, and then enters the next-stage compression process; (6) the pressure boosting ejector is installed in a steam thermal cycle unit, steam is extracted from the steam system of a steam turbine through a pipeline and connected to the inlet of the pressure boosting ejector, the outlet of the pressure boosting ejector is connected with a higher pressure steam channel to form a steam extraction and pressure boosting circulation, or steam is extracted from the low pressure section of the steam system of a steam turbine through a pipeline and connected to the inlet of the pressure boosting ejector, the outlet of the pressure boosting ejector is connected with a feedwater pipeline to form a steam extraction and pressure boosting circulation, and the feedwater is heated, or both of the pressure boosting circulations are adopted; and the feedwater is connected with the heat absorption medium channel of the pressure boosting ejector through a pipeline, and the feedwater is injected into the pressure boosting ejector through the nozzle to become the heat absorption medium.

3. A thermodynamic system employing thermal boosting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal system at least adopts one of the following application modes, (1) In the heat cycle, a primary pressure booster ejector or a multi-stage pressure booster ejector is used, and a bypass is provided at the outlet of the primary pressure booster ejector or the outlet channel of the secondary pressure booster ejector, one branch of the bypass is connected to the inlet of the primary pressure booster ejector to form a backflow circulation, and the other branch is a flow-out branch, and a heating and temperature rising device is provided in the backflow circulation process to heat the working medium to a hot working medium; (2) A heating and temperature rising device is provided before the primary pressure booster ejector to heat the working medium, or a multi-stage reheating and temperature rising is provided; (3) The heat-absorbing medium used in the pressure booster ejector is a vaporizable liquid, and a jet bypass separator is added in the exhaust channel of the heat cycle to separate the liquid for recycling; The jet bypass separator is a device that can separate different density components in the fluid at high speed, and the different components of the fluid are injected through the inlet nozzle to generate high-speed jets, and the flow direction of the high-speed fluid is forced to change in the jet bypass separator, and the different components of the high-speed fluid are separated into the exhaust channel and the liquid discharge channel due to the different inertia forces caused by the different densities, and then the separation is realized; the exhaust channel and the liquid discharge channel adopt a gradually expanding diffuser to slow down and expand the fluid before it flows out of the separator, and the structure of the jet bypass separator that forces the fluid flow direction to change adopts a 0-360 degree or larger range elbow, or a jet cyclone separator structure to prolong the separation process.

4. A thermodynamic system employing thermal boosting according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pressure booster ejector adopts a backflow circulation, and the heat system at least adopts one of the following application modes, (1) The flow-out branch is connected to the inlet of the next stage pressure booster ejector or to the expansion work device; (2) The backflow circulation is adopted, and the backflow flow rate is greater than the flow-out flow rate; (3) The primary pressure booster ejector adopts two or more pressure booster ejectors in parallel combination; (4) The primary pressure booster ejector is provided with a channel for extracting low-pressure gas in the injection chamber; (5) The primary pressure booster ejector is arranged in parallel combination in the outer cover, a heating and temperature rising device is arranged at the outer cover end on the inlet side of the primary pressure booster ejector, the inlet and the outlet of the primary pressure booster ejector are connected with the inner part of the outer cover, so that the outer cover becomes the common backflow channel of the primary pressure booster ejector, and the working medium flows through the heating and temperature rising device first to heat the working medium before entering the inlet of the primary pressure booster ejector; (6) The primary pressure booster ejector is arranged in parallel combination in the outer cover, a heating and temperature rising device is arranged at the outer cover end on the inlet side of the primary pressure booster ejector, the inlet of the primary pressure booster ejector is connected with the inner part of the outer cover, and the outlet is connected with the inlet channel of the expansion work device installed on the outer cover, and the outlet channel of the expansion work device is connected with the inner part of the outer cover, so that the outer cover becomes the common backflow channel of the pressure booster ejector combination, and the backflow working medium is heated and temperature-rised by the heating and temperature rising device first, and then enters the inlet of the primary pressure booster ejector to circulate.

5. A thermodynamic system employing thermal boosting according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat medium is gas or steam or mixed gas, the heat absorbing medium of the pressure booster ejector is water or other evaporable liquid or gas-liquid mixed fluid, the tail gas outlet channel of the heat cycle system is connected with the combination of the ejector flow divider and the condenser, the tail gas medium first enters the ejector flow divider through the nozzle, and the medium discharged from the exhaust channel of the ejector flow divider enters the condenser to be condensed and discharged, the lower part of the condenser is connected with the inlet of the ejector flow divider through a circulating pipeline, and the low-temperature medium after condensation enters the ejector flow divider again through the circulating pipeline to form a cycle; and the heat cycle system adopts one of the following application modes, (1) the liquid discharge channel of the ejector flow divider is connected with the gas-liquid separator, the water or other liquid separated from the gas-liquid separator is directly or indirectly introduced into the heat absorbing medium channel to become the heat absorbing medium of the pressure booster ejector, and the gas medium separated from the gas-liquid separator is introduced into a heating and warming device to be warmed, and finally becomes the hot medium of the nozzle at the inlet of the primary pressure booster ejector; (2) the liquid discharge channel outlet of the ejector flow divider is directly or indirectly connected with the heat absorbing medium channel of the pressure booster ejector, so that the low-temperature medium separated from the ejector flow divider and discharged into the liquid discharge channel becomes the heat absorbing medium.

6. A thermodynamic system employing thermal boosting according to claim 3, characterized in that in In the heat cycle system of the heat pump, the phase-changeable medium is used to automatically generate the heat absorbing medium in the cycle, or the phase-changeable heat absorbing medium is added in the incondensable medium; the outlet channel of the primary pressure booster ejector or the outlet channel after being boosted by the multi-stage pressure booster ejector is connected with the heat discharge heat exchanger to output heat to the outside, the outlet channel of the heat discharge heat exchanger is connected with the ejector flow divider, or the pressure booster ejector is further added at the outlet of the heat discharge heat exchanger to further boost the medium, and then the medium enters the ejector flow divider; The outlet channel of the liquid discharge pipe of the ejector flow divider is directly or indirectly connected with the heat absorbing medium channel of each stage of the pressure booster ejector, so that the cold medium separated from the ejector flow divider becomes the heat absorbing medium of the pressure booster ejector; or the liquid discharge channel of the ejector flow divider is connected with the vapor-liquid separation container, the liquid medium separated from the vapor-liquid separator is introduced into the heat absorbing medium channel to become the heat absorbing medium of the pressure booster ejector, the separated gas medium is introduced into a heating and warming device to be warmed, and finally becomes the hot medium of the nozzle at the inlet of the primary pressure booster ejector, and at least one of the following applications is adopted, (1) the heat pump cycle system adopts a semi-open cycle mode, the ejector flow divider exhaust channel discharges low-temperature medium to the outside, and the primary pressure booster ejector is provided with a suction channel to absorb the medium in the environment; (2) the heat pump cycle system adopts a closed cycle mode, the exhaust channel outlet of the ejector flow divider is connected with the heat absorbing heat exchanger to absorb heat from the outside at low temperature, the outlet of the heat absorbing heat exchanger is connected with the suction channel added to the pressure booster ejector, so that the low-temperature heat absorbing medium is combined with the internal hot medium and the heat absorbing medium of the pressure booster ejector, is boosted and compressed, and then the combined medium enters the heat discharge heat exchanger to be discharged at high temperature; (3) the heat pump cycle adopts a closed cycle mode, the exhaust channel outlet of the ejector flow divider is connected with the heat absorbing heat exchanger to absorb heat from the outside at low temperature, the outlet channel of the heat absorbing heat exchanger is connected with another inlet channel of the ejector flow divider to work in a cycle; the hot medium in the pressure booster ejector is combined with the heat absorbing medium, is boosted, and then enters the heat discharge heat exchanger to be discharged at high temperature. (4) The heat pump cycle system increases the gas storage device connected with the gas storage valve and the heat absorption medium channel of the pressure booster ejector, or a pressurized working medium channel is introduced from the front of the ejector diverter to connect the gas storage device to provide compressed working medium; a closed outer cylinder is added, and at least one of the heat rejection heat exchanger and the heat absorption heat exchanger is arranged outside the cylinder and connected with the internal system through a pipeline; an exhaust valve is added in the exhaust channel of the ejector diverter and communicates with the inside of the outer cylinder, and the control system controls the gas storage valve and the exhaust valve and their associated valves to be in a starting state when the system starts, the compressed gas in the gas storage device provides power for the system start, and the exhaust gas is discharged into the outer cylinder, and after normal operation, each valve returns to the normal operation state; an air extraction channel is added to the primary pressure booster ejector to maintain a low pressure or vacuum state in the outer cylinder.

7. A thermosyεtem employing thermal pumping aε claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The heating and warming device is a combustion chamber, and the flue gas generated by pressureless combustion or pressure combustion becomes a hot working medium. The outlet of the primary pressure booster ejector or the outlet of the multi-stage pressure booster is connected to the expansion power device, and one of the following application modes is adopted, (1) The combustion chamber uses fuel or hydrogen of traditional energy, and water is used as the heat absorption medium of the pressure booster ejector. A heat rejection heat exchanger or an air heating regenerative heat exchanger is added at the outlet of the expansion power device, and then connected to the ejector diverter to separate and recover water; (2) The combustion chamber uses fuel or hydrogen of traditional energy, and water is used as the heat absorption medium of the pressure booster ejector. A regenerative heat exchanger for heating air is connected in front of the ejector diverter. Part or all of the exhaust gas discharged from the expansion power device of the cycle system first enters the regenerative heat exchanger to reject heat, and then enters the ejector diverter and the condenser heat rejection combination. The condensed water separated from the ejector diverter is discharged from the liquid discharge channel of the ejector diverter and finally becomes the heat absorption medium of the pressure booster ejector for circulation. The remaining exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust pipe added in the exhaust channel of the ejector diverter; (3) A gas thermal cycle using high-pressure carbon dioxide or compressed air as the heat absorption medium of the pressure booster ejector is adopted. A high-pressure heat exchange device for outputting heat to the outside is connected to the branch at the inlet channel of the expansion power device. The outlet of the high-pressure heat exchange device is directly or indirectly connected to the heat absorption medium channel of the pressure booster ejector, so that the mixed working medium of pressurized carbon dioxide as the main component branched from the branch becomes the heat absorption medium of the pressure booster ejector; (4) An air thermal cycle using the pressure booster to increase the pressure becomes a composite gas power cycle, and the air thermal cycle adopts a primary or multi-stage pressure booster; An air heater is added in the combustion chamber or flue of the flue gas thermal cycle, or a flue gas branch is introduced from the combustion chamber or flue to enter the air heater. The hot air heated by the air heater enters the primary pressure booster ejector inlet nozzle of the air thermal cycle to become a hot working medium. The heat absorption medium of the air heat cycle adopts water, the air heat cycle enters the heat rejection device after being pressurized by a primary or multi-stage pressurizing ejector, then enters a gas-liquid separation device for separation, the separated compressed air provides heat absorption medium for the pressurizing ejector of the flue gas heat cycle through a pipeline, or simultaneously provides compressed air for the pressurizing ejector and the combustion chamber through a pipeline for heat absorption medium and combustion, and the separated water is connected to the heat absorption medium of the pressurizing ejector of the air heat cycle through a pipeline.

8. A thermosyεtem employing thermal pressure boost aε claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The heat cycle system at least adopts one of the following application modes, (1) the heating and temperature rising device of the heat system is a light heat receiver or an electric heating device or a combustion chamber or a hearth; (2) the working medium connected to the expansion and power generation device after being pressurized and temperature-rising, or connected to a pressure vessel for storing compressed gas, or connected to a heat exchanger for outputting heat; (3) the expansion and power generation device adopts a steam turbine or a gas turbine or a nozzle, or a jet air ejector.

9. A thermodynamic system employing thermal upgrading according to claim 1, characterized by: A device or channel for maintaining the pressure at the nozzle outlet lower than the pressure at the nozzle inlet is adopted, and forced pressure stabilization measures are used to ensure that there is a sufficient pressure difference or pressure ratio before and after the hot working medium nozzle, at least one of the following modes is adopted, (1) the inlet section of the injection chamber or the diffuser tube is connected to a low-pressure system or a special low-pressure control system with a pipeline lower than the pressure at the inlet of the ejector; (2) the inlet section of the injection chamber or the diffuser tube is connected to the atmosphere through a channel; (3) the inlet section of the injection chamber or the diffuser tube is connected to a vacuum system through a vacuum pump or a vacuum pipeline; (4) a one-way valve or a regulating valve is adopted on the pipeline for controlling the pressure of the injection chamber; (5) there is a circulating pipeline between the fluid at the outlet of the ejector and the hot fluid at the inlet of the ejector.

10. A pressure boosting ejector, which uses an ejector to boost the pressure of a hot fluid, the pressure boosting ejector comprising at least an inlet nozzle and a diffuser forming a flow passage device, wherein the hot working fluid is injected into the pressure boosting ejector through the inlet nozzle, decelerates and diffuses in the diffuser, and is then discharged, characterized in that: The ejector has a channel for introducing heat absorption medium into the interior or adopts a heat rejection structure on the outer wall of the diffuser tube, or both heat rejection measures are adopted; the hot working medium nozzle at the inlet of the ejector adopts a converging nozzle or a converging-diverging nozzle, a device or channel for maintaining the pressure at the nozzle outlet lower than the pressure at the inlet of the nozzle is adopted, forced pressure stabilization measures are used to ensure that there is a sufficient pressure difference or pressure ratio before and after the hot working medium nozzle, and the ejector adopts one of the following structures, (1) an injection chamber is arranged between the inlet nozzle of the pressurizing ejector and the diffuser tube, and the injection chamber is a channel connecting the two; (2) the gap between the nozzle outlet and the inlet of the diffuser tube is arranged in the injection chamber; (3) the nozzle outlet extends into the inlet of the diffuser tube so that the annular gap between the two communicates with the injection chamber; (4) the injection chamber adopts a straight pipe, and the outlet of the straight pipe is butted against the inlet of the diffuser tube; (5) there is no injection chamber, the nozzle outlet is directly butted against the inlet of the diffuser tube or the nozzle outlet is arranged in the inlet of the diffuser tube; (6) the channel for introducing heat absorption medium into the interior of the ejector adopts an additional nozzle at the inlet of the ejector; (7) the channel for introducing heat absorption medium into the interior of the ejector adopts an additional channel in the diffuser tube; (8) the ejector is provided with an injection chamber, and the injection chamber is opened to an air extraction channel to become a pressurizing jet air ejector.

11. A pressure boost eductor as defined in claim 10, wherein: A device or channel for maintaining the pressure at the nozzle outlet lower than the pressure at the nozzle inlet is adopted, and forced pressure stabilization measures are used to ensure that there is a sufficient pressure difference or pressure ratio before and after the hot working medium nozzle, at least one of the following modes is adopted, (1) The injection chamber or the diffuser inlet section is connected to a low pressure system or a special low pressure control system through a pipeline with a pressure lower than the inlet pressure of the injector; (2) The injection chamber or the diffuser inlet section is connected to the atmosphere through a channel; (3) The injection chamber or the diffuser inlet section is maintained in vacuum through a vacuum pump or connected to a vacuum system through a vacuum pipeline; (4) A one-way valve or a regulating valve is used on the pipeline for controlling the pressure of the injection chamber; (5) There is a circulating pipeline between the fluid at the outlet of the injector and the hot fluid at the inlet.

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