A granular aerosol generating product having a grooved corrugated component

Abstract

The present invention discloses a particle-type aerosol generating product with a grooved corrugated component, which comprises a filter component (1), a grooved corrugated component (2), aerosol source material particles (3) and a gathering component (4) arranged in sequence from the proximal lip end to the distal lip end, each component having an outer tube (5); the grooved corrugated component (2) is a cylinder having a hollow cavity (22) formed by a first sheet material having a grooved corrugated structure (21); a first airflow channel (23) axially penetrating the grooved corrugated structure (21) is formed between the grooved corrugated structure (21) and the outer tube (5); a blocking component (24) is provided in the hollow cavity (22); and the gathering component (4) is a cylindrical rod formed by gathering the second sheet material. The aerosol generating product of the present invention eliminates the multi-hole hardware section and the sealing film, but at the same time, the particles can still be constrained at both ends by the grooved corrugated component (2) and the gathering component (4).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of aerosol generating products, in particular to the technical field of aerosol generating products using aerosol source material particles, and more specifically to a particle-type aerosol generating product having a grooved corrugated component. Background Art

[0002] Particle-type aerosol generating products are a new type of heat-not-burn (HNB) aerosol generating products in recent years. They use aerosol source material particles instead of aerosol source material sheets as aerosol generating materials. Aerosol source material particles are heated more evenly than aerosol source material sheets, and the aerosol diffuses more smoothly along the gaps between particles than along the gaps between sheet materials. Therefore, they are deeply loved by consumers.

[0003] Particulate aerosol generating products are known products on the market. Figure 1 The main structure of the aerosol-generating product is an integrated outer sleeve X1, the distal lip of which is sealed by a sealing film X2. Aerosol source material particles X3 are then filled into the sleeve to form a particle segment. A multi-hole fastener segment (commonly known as a "gear segment") X4 is positioned downstream of the particle segment. An airflow channel segment X5 is then reserved for collecting and containing the aerosol (sometimes this segment is a separate cavity, or sometimes it is a hollow rod). Downstream of this segment is a filter segment X6, which also serves as a mouthpiece for the user to hold in their mouth. During use, the distal lip of the aerosol-generating product is inserted into a heating device equipped with a heating element that heats the aerosol source material particles, releasing gaseous flavor components. These components condense into a visible aerosol upon encountering cold air in the airflow channel segment X5. This aerosol is then filtered by the filter segment before entering the user's mouth.

[0004] The airflow channel segment X5 is crucial for aerosol formation. According to aerosol theory, the gaseous aroma components released by heat need to cool before they condense into solid or liquid particles. These solid or liquid particles then need to remain suspended in the air to form visible aerosols (commonly known as "smoke," "fog," or generally, "mist"). Therefore, this airflow channel segment X5 is essential in existing particulate aerosol-generating products.

[0005] Furthermore, because the particles are loose and fluid, if they are not restrained, they will inevitably flow en masse toward the downstream airflow channel segment X5 when the aerosol-generating article is placed horizontally or inverted. This significantly reduces the number of particles that can be directly heated by the heating element, naturally reducing the amount of flavor components released and the subsequent aerosol produced. To ensure that the particles are adequately heated, they must be confined to the limited space near the heating element. This restraint is currently achieved by providing a sealing film X2 upstream of the particle segment and a multi-hole fixture segment X4 downstream of the particle segment. These two-end restraints prevent the particles from flowing freely.

[0006] The sealing film X2 is usually a thin paper with high air permeability, which is then pasted to the upstream end face of the outer sleeve X1 by means of bonding. The pasting process of the sealing film X2 is complicated and inefficient, and requires special equipment for pasting the sealing film. In addition, the sealing film is not firmly pasted due to factors such as the end face of the outer sleeve X1 not being in the same plane, having burrs, defects on the surface of the thin paper, and uneven glue coating. In the subsequent production process, the sealing film that seals the mouth of the cigarette debonds, causing the stored granular material to leak, which not only pollutes the production environment, but also causes certain other material losses, affecting production efficiency. Current granular heated cigarettes are made by sealing with a sealing film and filling with granules. There are problems such as low degree of automation, low sealing success rate (and difficulty in detection), and low cigarette production efficiency. During use, the sealing film is punctured for heating, and the granules are spilled after the cigarette is pulled out of the smoking device, making it difficult to clean the smoking device.

[0007] The multi-hole fixture segment X4 is typically made of ceramic or silicone, with its outer wall securely attached to the inner wall of the paper tube via an adhesive. It has at least one axial through-hole X41 at its center and / or at least one peripheral ventilation groove X42 on its periphery. These grooves are sized to allow smoke to pass through but not aerosol source material particles, thereby blocking aerosol source material particles while still transmitting smoke. However, the presence of the multi-hole fixture segment increases costs and introduces numerous operational inconveniences for the industrialized manufacture of particulate aerosol-generating products. Therefore, those skilled in the art have long hoped to eliminate this multi-hole fixture segment. However, eliminating the multi-hole fixture segment requires an airflow channel segment downstream of the particle segment to aggregate and contain the aerosol, while also constraining scattered aerosol source material particles. This presents a dilemma.

[0008] Therefore, how to remove the sealing film and the multi-hole firmware segment while still confining the scattered aerosol source material particles and ensuring that the generated aerosol can be smoothly delivered to the filtration segment is a problem that people urgently want to solve.

[0009] The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The present invention provides a particle-type aerosol generating product having a grooved corrugated component, which comprises a filter component 1, a grooved corrugated component 2, aerosol source material particles 3 and a gathering component 4 arranged in sequence from the proximal lip end to the distal lip end, and each component has an outer tube 5;

[0011] The grooved corrugated member 2 is a cylinder having a hollow cavity 22 formed by a first sheet material having a grooved corrugated structure 21. A first air flow channel 23 axially penetrating the grooved corrugated structure 21 is formed between the grooved corrugated structure 21 and the outer tube 5. A blocking member 24 is provided in the hollow cavity 22.

[0012] The gathering component 4 is a cylindrical rod formed by gathering the second sheet material.

[0013] Preferably, the shape of the grooves in the grooved corrugated structure 21 is selected from but not limited to “V” shape or “U” shape.

[0014] The upstream and downstream mentioned in the present invention are determined by the direction of gas flow. More specifically, the far lip end is the upstream and the near lip end is the downstream.

[0015] In the present invention, the sequential arrangement is not limited to being tightly connected, but is only a limitation on the order of precedence. In other words, other units can be inserted between any two of the filter component 1, the grooved corrugated component 2, the aerosol source material particles 3 and the gathering component 4.

[0016] The granular aerosol-generating product having a grooved corrugated component of the present invention is not limited to a specific manufacturing process. It can be made by filling, i.e., the components are sequentially loaded into the outer tube 5, or by composite wrapping, i.e., the units are sequentially arranged and then wrapped and rolled to form the outer tube 5. The material of the outer tube 5 is selected from, but not limited to, paper, ceramic, heat-resistant resin, or clay.

[0017] Using a grooved corrugated component as a hollow section has great advantages. One is that it can support the outer tube while not blocking the smoke axially. The other is that the existing preparation process of this structure is mature. It only needs to be filled into the outer tube or wrapped with forming paper to form the outer tube. The process is simple and mature. In addition, the hollow cavity formed inside the device can also effectively collect aerosols. However, the current problem is that the grooved corrugated component cannot be used together with bulk aerosol source material particles. If the two are to be combined, the aforementioned multi-hole fixture must be set between the two. The present invention combines the grooved corrugated component with bulk aerosol source material particles for the first time. In addition, since the hollow cavity 22 of the grooved corrugated component has a sealing member 24, it can play the role of restraining the aerosol source material particles, eliminating the need for multi-hole fixtures. In addition, when the sealing member 24 is a flavoring bead, it can further enhance the flavor of the passing aerosol, thereby improving the aerosol quality. The other end of the aerosol generating product directly uses a gathering component 4 to constrain the aerosol source material particles. The gathering component 4 can be directly loaded into the outer tube 5 by filling or compounding. There is no need to prepare equipment for pasting the sealing film, and the problem of the sealing film not being firmly pasted and falling off is avoided.

[0018] Preferably, the second sheet material is gathered randomly or orderly to form the gathering component 4. Random gathering refers to randomly gathering a sheet material into a round rod, while orderly gathering refers to regularly folding and gathering along a fold line or in a certain direction.

[0019] Preferably, the hollow cavity 22 further comprises an inner tube 25, and the blocking member 24 is located in the inner tube 25. The inner tube 25 can prevent the blocking member 24 from directly contacting the grooved corrugated component 2.

[0020] Preferably, the blocking member 24 is a popping bead, and the gap in the hollow cavity 22 not filled with the popping bead forms a second airflow channel 26. The first airflow channel 23 and the second airflow channel 26 together serve to collect and contain aerosols and ensure that the generated aerosols can be smoothly delivered to the filtration section.

[0021] Preferably, the radial size of the smallest particle in the aerosol source material particles 3 is larger than the longest radial distance in the second air flow channel 26 , so that the aerosol source material particles 3 will not fall into the grooved corrugated component 2 through the second air flow channel 26 .

[0022] Preferably, the bursting beads are flavoring bursting beads, which are one or more. During the puffing process, the bursting beads burst automatically due to heat or are manually squeezed by the consumer to break them, so that the flavor substances in the bursting beads are released. Even if the bursting beads burst during the puffing process, it does not matter if the blocking effect on the aerosol source material particles is weakened, because when puffing, consumers all lower their heads or look straight ahead to puff, and no consumer will hold the aerosol generating product up to puff, so it is sufficient to ensure that the aerosol source material is restrained during transportation and storage when not puffing. In addition, this is also an unexpected effect of the present invention. When not puffing, the bursting beads can achieve a restraining effect on the aerosol source material during transportation and storage, and when puffing, the bursting beads burst, the second air flow channel 26 becomes larger, and the aerosol capacity can be increased, thereby increasing the amount of smoke.

[0023] Preferably, a third air flow channel is formed between the gathering component 4 and the outer tube, and between the gathered second sheet material and the second sheet material.

[0024] Preferably, the radial size of the smallest particle in the aerosol source material particles 3 is larger than the longest radial distance in the third airflow channel, so that the aerosol source material particles 3 will not fall into the gathering component 4 through the third airflow channel.

[0025] Preferably, the outer tube 5 is selected from an air-permeable material, such as air-permeable forming paper, so that ambient air can enter the grooved corrugated component 2, the aerosol source material particles 3 and the gathering component 4 through the outer tube 5.

[0026] Preferably, the outer tube 5 surrounding the gathering member 4 has one or more first side ventilation holes 51. Because the gathering member 4 section has a third airflow channel, air can enter through the upstream end face of the aerosol-generating article and then enter the aerosol source material particles 3 through the third airflow channel. The first side ventilation holes 51 allow for further air to be introduced from the side.

[0027] Preferably, the outer tube 5 wrapping the grooved corrugated component 2 has a second side air flow hole 52, and the number of the second side air flow hole 52 is one or more, so as to further replenish air into the grooved corrugated component 2.

[0028] That is, the outer tube 5 can be made of either an air-permeable or an air-impermeable material. If the outer tube 5 is an air-permeable material, air can be introduced into the outer tube 5 through its own permeability. If the outer tube 5 is an air-impermeable material, air can be introduced into the outer tube 5 by perforating the outer tube 5. For example, the outer tube 5 may have first side ventilation holes 51 where it wraps around the gathering component 4, or second side ventilation holes 52 where it wraps around the grooved corrugated component 2.

[0029] Preferably, the radial size of the smallest particle in the aerosol source material particles 3 is larger than the longest radial distance in the first airflow channel 23 , so that the aerosol source material particles 3 will not fall into the grooved corrugated component 2 through the first airflow channel 23 .

[0030] Preferably, the first sheet material is selected from but not limited to paper, polylactic acid sheet or acetate fiber; the second sheet material is selected from paper, polylactic acid sheet or acetate fiber.

[0031] The aerosol-generating article of the present invention is more preferably suitable for use with circumferentially resistively heated smoking devices and electromagnetically heated smoking devices. When the smoking device used with the article is a circumferentially resistively heated smoking device, the heating tube (heating element) need only be axially positioned outside the aerosol source material particles 3. When the smoking device used with the article is an electromagnetically heated smoking device, the magnetic field-receiving susceptor need only be axially positioned outside the aerosol source material particles 3, either positioned within the aerosol source material particles 3, or more simply, by directly placing the susceptor material on the outer tube 5 surrounding the aerosol source material particles 3.

[0032] The above technical solutions can be freely combined under the premise of no contradiction.

[0033] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. While eliminating the need for multi-hole fixture segments and sealing film, the present invention still allows for the particles to be constrained at both ends through the grooved corrugated member 2 and the gathering member 4. This invention combines the grooved corrugated member with bulk aerosol source material particles for the first time. Furthermore, since the hollow cavity 22 of the grooved corrugated member includes a sealing member 24, it can constrain the aerosol source material particles, eliminating the need for multi-hole fixtures. The gathering member 4 is directly used to constrain the aerosol source material particles at the other end. This gathering member 4 can be directly loaded into the outer tube 5 through filling or compounding, eliminating the need for equipment for applying the sealing film and avoiding the problem of the sealing film being loose and falling off.

[0035] 2. When the blocking member 24 is a scented bursting bead, it can further scent the passing aerosol and improve the aerosol quality.

[0036] 3. When not inhaled, the bursting beads can restrain the aerosol source material during transportation and storage. When inhaled, the bursting beads rupture, and the second air flow channel 26 becomes larger, which can increase the aerosol holding capacity, thereby increasing the smoke volume.

[0037] 4. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outer tube 5 enclosing the gathering member 4 has one or more first side circulation holes 51. Because the gathering member 4 section has a third airflow channel, air can enter through the upstream end face of the aerosol-generating article and then enter the aerosol source material particles 3 through the third airflow channel. The first side circulation holes 51 allow for further air to be introduced from the side. The outer tube 5 enclosing the fluted corrugated member 2 has one or more second side circulation holes 52, further allowing air to be introduced into the fluted corrugated member 2 section.

[0038] 5. The aerosol generating product of the present invention is more preferably suitable for circumferential resistance heating smoking devices and electromagnetic heating smoking devices. When the smoking device used therewith is a circumferential resistance heating smoking device, it is only necessary to position the heating tube (heating element) axially outside the aerosol source material particles 3. When the smoking device used therewith is an electromagnetic heating smoking device, it is only necessary to position the receptor that can receive the magnetic field axially outside the aerosol source material particles 3, or to set it to the aerosol source material particles 3, or more simply to directly set the receptor material on the outer tube 5 that wraps the aerosol source material particles 3. The present invention greatly improves production efficiency. The use of circumferential heating or electromagnetic heating avoids particles from scattering into the smoking device, and avoids the problem of cleaning the smoking device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a particle aerosol generating product in the prior art.

[0040] Figure 2 The figure is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a multi-hole fastener segment in a particle-type aerosol generating product in the prior art.

[0041] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of a granular aerosol generating product having a grooved corrugated component according to the present invention.

[0042] Figure 4 FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a granular aerosol generating product having a grooved corrugated component according to another structure of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 5 FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a granular aerosol generating product having a grooved corrugated component according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the groove corrugated component of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of another structure of the groove corrugated component of the present invention.

[0046] List of reference numerals:

[0047] Figure 1-Figure 2 Middle: X1-outer sleeve, X2-sealing film, X3-aerosol source material particles, X4-multi-hole firmware segment, X5-airflow channel segment, X6-filter segment, X41-axial through hole, X42-peripheral ventilation groove;

[0048] Figure 3-Figure 7 Middle: 1-filter component, 2-grooved corrugated component, 21-grooved corrugated structure, 22-hollow cavity, 23-first air flow channel, 24-sealing member, 25-inner tube, 26-second air flow channel, 3-aerosol source material particles, 4-gathering component, 5-outer tube, 51-first side flow pores, 52-second side flow pores. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The content of the present invention is further described below through specific embodiments.

[0050] The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0051] Those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the examples, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or in the product specifications were used. Materials or equipment used without manufacturer identification are commercially available conventional products.

[0052] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise stated, the singular forms "a", "an", "said" and "the" used herein may also include plural forms. It should be further understood that the term "comprising" used in the description of the present invention refers to the presence of the features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof. It should be understood that when we say that an element is "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements. In addition, the "connection" used here may include wireless connection.

[0053] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more. Terms such as "inner," "upper," and "lower" indicating positions or states are based on those shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate and simplify the description of the present invention. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0054] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "provided with" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; and direct or indirect connections through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0055] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical and scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art in the art to which the present invention pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in common dictionaries should be understood to have meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of the prior art and, unless defined as such herein, will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense.

[0056] Example

[0057] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment provides a particle-type aerosol generating product having a grooved corrugated component, which includes a filter component 1, a grooved corrugated component 2, aerosol source material particles 3 and a gathering component 4 arranged in sequence from the proximal lip end to the distal lip end, and each component has an outer tube 5;

[0058] The grooved corrugated member 2 is a cylinder having a hollow cavity 22 formed by a first sheet material having a grooved corrugated structure 21. A first air flow channel 23 axially penetrating the grooved corrugated structure 21 is formed between the grooved corrugated structure 21 and the outer tube 5. A blocking member 24 is provided in the hollow cavity 22.

[0059] The gathering component 4 is a cylindrical rod formed by gathering the second sheet material.

[0060] The upstream and downstream are determined by the direction of gas flow. More specifically, the far lip end is the upstream end and the near lip end is the downstream end.

[0061] The shape of the grooves in the grooved corrugated structure 21 is selected from a "V" shape, and the material of the outer tube 5 is selected from paper.

[0062] The second sheets are randomly gathered to form the gathering part 4 .

[0063] The blocking member 24 is a popping bead, and the gap in the hollow cavity 22 not filled with the popping bead forms a second airflow channel 26. The first airflow channel 23 and the second airflow channel 26 together serve to collect and contain aerosol and ensure that the generated aerosol can be smoothly delivered to the filtration section.

[0064] The radial size of the smallest particle in the aerosol source material particles 3 is greater than the longest radial distance in the second air flow channel 26 , so that the aerosol source material particles 3 will not fall into the grooved corrugated component 2 through the second air flow channel 26 .

[0065] The bursting beads are flavor-enhancing bursting beads, and there is only one of them.

[0066] A third air flow channel is formed between the gathering component 4 and the outer tube, and between the gathered second sheet material and the second sheet material.

[0067] The radial size of the smallest particle in the aerosol source material particles 3 is greater than the longest radial distance in the third airflow channel, so that the aerosol source material particles 3 will not fall into the gathering component 4 through the third airflow channel.

[0068] The radial size of the smallest particle in the aerosol source material particles 3 is larger than the longest radial distance in the first airflow channel 23 , so that the aerosol source material particles 3 will not fall into the grooved corrugated component 2 through the first airflow channel 23 .

[0069] The first sheet material is selected from paper materials; the second sheet material is selected from paper materials.

[0070] like Figure 7 As shown, the hollow cavity 22 further comprises an inner tube 25, and the blocking member 24 is located within the inner tube 25. In this case, the blocking member 24 is also a flavoring popping bead, but there are three of them. The inner tube 25 prevents the blocking member 24 from directly contacting the grooved corrugated member 2.

[0071] like Figure 4 As shown, the outer tube 5 surrounding the gathering member 4 has two first side air holes 51. Because the gathering member 4 has a third air flow channel, air can enter through the upstream end of the aerosol generating article and then enter the aerosol source material particles 3 through the third air flow channel. The first side air holes 51 allow for further air to be introduced from the side.

[0072] like Figure 5 As shown, the outer tube 5 wrapping the grooved corrugated component 2 has second side air holes 52, and the number of the second side air holes 52 is 2, so as to further replenish air into the grooved corrugated component 2.

[0073] The aerosol-generating article of this embodiment is more preferably suitable for use with circumferentially resistively heated smoking devices and electromagnetically heated smoking devices. When the smoking device used with the article is a circumferentially resistively heated smoking device, the heating tube (heating element) need only be axially positioned outside the aerosol source material particles 3. When the smoking device used with the article is an electromagnetically heated smoking device, the magnetic field-receiving susceptor need only be axially positioned outside the aerosol source material particles 3, either positioned within the aerosol source material particles 3, or more simply, by directly placing the susceptor material on the outer tube 5 surrounding the aerosol source material particles 3.

Claims

1. A particulate aerosol-generating article having a grooved corrugated component, characterized in that It comprises a filter component (1), a grooved corrugated component (2), aerosol source material particles (3) and a gathering component (4) arranged in sequence from the proximal lip end to the distal lip end, and each component is provided with an outer tube (5); The grooved corrugated component (2) is a cylinder having a hollow cavity (22) formed by a first sheet material having a grooved corrugated structure (21); a first air flow channel (23) axially penetrating the grooved corrugated structure (21) is formed between the grooved corrugated structure (21) and the outer tube (5); and a blocking member (24) is provided in the hollow cavity (22); The gathering component (4) is a cylindrical rod formed by gathering the second sheet material; The hollow cavity (22) further comprises an inner tube (25), and the blocking member (24) is located in the inner tube (25); The blocking member (24) is a bursting bead, and the gap in the hollow cavity (22) that is not filled with the bursting bead forms a second airflow channel (26); the radial size of the smallest particle in the aerosol source material particles (3) is greater than the longest radial distance in the second airflow channel (26), so that the aerosol source material particles (3) will not fall into the grooved corrugated component (2) through the second airflow channel (26); The radial size of the smallest particle in the aerosol source material particles (3) is greater than the longest radial distance in the first air flow channel (23), so that the aerosol source material particles (3) will not fall into the grooved corrugated component (2) through the first air flow channel (23); A third airflow channel is formed between the gathering component (4) and the outer tube, and between the gathered second sheet and the second sheet; the radial size of the smallest particle in the aerosol source material particles (3) is greater than the longest radial distance in the third airflow channel, so that the aerosol source material particles (3) will not fall into the gathering component (4) through the third airflow channel.

2. The particulate aerosol generating product according to claim 1, wherein The second sheets are gathered randomly or orderly to form the gathering part (4).

3. The particulate aerosol generating product according to claim 1, wherein The popping beads are flavored popping beads, which are one or more; the first sheet material is selected from paper, polylactic acid sheet or acetate fiber; the second sheet material is selected from paper, polylactic acid sheet or acetate fiber.

4. The particulate aerosol generating product according to claim 1, wherein The outer tube (5) is selected from air-permeable materials, and ambient air can enter the grooved corrugated component (2), the aerosol source material particles (3) and the gathering component (4) through the outer tube (5).

5. The particulate aerosol-generating product according to claim 1, wherein The outer tube (5) wrapping the gathering component (4) is provided with first side circulation holes (51), and the number of the first side circulation holes (51) is one or more.

6. The particulate aerosol-generating product according to claim 1, wherein The outer tube (5) wrapping the grooved corrugated component (2) is provided with second side circulation holes (52), and the number of the second side circulation holes (52) is one or more.

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