Shaft boring machine and shaft boring method

Abstract

The present invention provides a shaft boring machine and a shaft boring method, the shaft boring machine comprises: a boring device, which comprises a cutter head and a main driving device; a shoe device, which is used to tighten against a cave wall; a connecting mechanism, the first end of which is connected to the boring device, the second end of which is connected to the shoe device, through which the boring device can swing and move up and down relative to the shoe device; a plurality of propulsion cylinders, which are arranged between the boring device and the shoe device and can apply separate driving forces to the boring device and the shoe device, and the plurality of propulsion cylinders are distributed circumferentially. Through the present invention, the technical problems of poor overall flexibility and difficult direction adjustment of mechanical rock breaking equipment for shaft construction are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vertical shaft construction, and in particular to a vertical shaft boring machine and a vertical shaft boring method. Background Art

[0002] Vertical shaft construction mainly relies on the traditional well-drilling method, which involves drilling holes, charging explosives, and blasting to break the rocks on the working surface. This method involves many processes, poor working conditions, high labor intensity, and low safety. At present, the propulsion system design of mechanical rock-breaking equipment for vertical shaft construction is relatively complex, the overall machine flexibility is poor, and it is difficult to adjust the direction. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shaft boring machine and a shaft boring method to solve the technical problems of poor overall flexibility and difficult direction adjustment of mechanical rock breaking equipment for shaft construction.

[0004] The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a shaft boring machine, comprising:

[0006] A tunneling device, which includes a cutterhead and a main drive device;

[0007] A shoe device, which is used to tighten against the cave wall;

[0008] A connecting mechanism, wherein a first end of the connecting mechanism is connected to the excavation device, and a second end of the connecting mechanism is connected to the gripper device, and through the connecting mechanism, the excavation device can swing and move up and down relative to the gripper device;

[0009] A plurality of propulsion cylinders are provided between the excavation device and the gripper device and can apply separate driving forces to the excavation device and the gripper device, and the plurality of propulsion cylinders are distributed circumferentially.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the connecting mechanism comprises a center column, a first end of the center column is fixedly connected to the excavation device, a second end of the center column is movably connected to the support shoe device, and the center column can swing and move up and down relative to the support shoe device.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the connecting mechanism includes a connecting ball seat, the connecting ball seat includes a movable sphere and a fixed sphere fixed to the shoe support device, the movable sphere cooperates with the spherical surface of the fixed sphere, and the movable sphere can rotate around the center of the fixed sphere; the center column is connected to the movable sphere.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the movable sphere is installed in the fixed sphere; the central column is movably installed on the movable sphere and can move relative to the movable sphere along the longitudinal direction of the central column.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the propulsion cylinder is installed on the excavation device.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the end of the piston rod of the propulsion cylinder is connected to a propulsion ball seat, the propulsion ball seat cooperates with the spherical surface of the piston rod, and the propulsion ball seat is provided with a propulsion plane for abutting against the support shoe device.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the piston rod of the thrust cylinder is cantilevered; the shaft boring machine includes a reset cylinder, one end of which is connected to the boring device, the other end of which is connected to the support shoe device, and the reset cylinder is hinged to the boring device, and / or the reset cylinder is hinged to the support shoe device.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the shaft boring machine comprises a shield body, the boring device is installed on the lower side of the shield body, the cylinder body of the propulsion cylinder is fixedly connected to the shield body, and a plurality of the propulsion cylinders are distributed circumferentially.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the gripper shoe device comprises a ring frame, a gripper shoe and a tightening cylinder, wherein the tightening cylinder is mounted on the ring frame, the gripper shoe is connected to the tightening cylinder, and the tightening cylinder is used to drive the gripper shoe to move radially.

[0018] The present invention provides a shaft excavation method, which adopts the shaft excavation machine mentioned above. The shaft excavation method comprises: adjusting the forward direction of the excavation device by controlling the extension length of each of the propulsion cylinders.

[0019] The characteristics and advantages of the present invention are:

[0020] The shaft boring machine uses a cutter disc for mechanical excavation. After the support shoe holds the cave wall tightly, the propulsion cylinder extends out to press against the bottom of the support shoe, thereby pushing the cutter disc back to achieve the propulsion operation of the boring device. By controlling the extension lengths of the propulsion cylinders at different positions, the excavation posture of the boring device is changed to adjust the direction. The adjustment is relatively flexible and free, realizing efficient, flexible and accurate excavation of the shaft. The shaft boring machine has the functions of mechanical rock breaking, propulsion and direction adjustment, realizing the mechanized operation of shaft excavation, and the whole machine has a compact and simple structure and high reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a first state of the shaft boring machine provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the shaft boring machine in the second state provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the shaft boring machine provided by the present invention in the third state;

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a connecting ball seat in a shaft boring machine provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the ring frame in the shaft boring machine provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 for Figure 2 Sectional view along AA direction;

[0028] Figure 7 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view along the BB axis.

[0029] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0030] 10. Excavation device;

[0031] 11. Cutter head; 12. Main drive device;

[0032] 13. Stabilizer; 14. Stabilizing cylinder;

[0033] 15. Shield body; 16. Connecting beam;

[0034] 20. Propulsion cylinder; 21. Piston rod; 22. Propulsion ball seat;

[0035] 30. Shoe support device;

[0036] 31. Shoes; 32. Tightening cylinder; 33. Ring frame; 331. Ear seat; 34. Guide column;

[0037] 40. Reset the oil cylinder;

[0038] 50. Connecting mechanism;

[0039] 51. Center column; 52. Platform; 53. Track; 54. Pump station;

[0040] 60. Connecting ball seat; 61. Movable ball; 62. Fixed ball;

[0041] 70. Excavation direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] Solution 1

[0044] The present invention provides a shaft boring machine, such as Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the shaft boring machine includes: a boring device 10, a shoe device 30, a connecting mechanism 50 and a plurality of thrust cylinders 20, the boring device 10 includes a cutter head 11 and a main drive device 12; the shoe device 30 is used to tighten to the tunnel wall; the first end of the connecting mechanism 50 is connected to the boring device 10, and the second end of the connecting mechanism 50 is connected to the shoe device 30, through which the boring device 10 can swing and move up and down relative to the shoe device 30; the thrust cylinder 20 is arranged between the boring device 10 and the shoe device 30 and can apply separate driving forces to the boring device 10 and the shoe device 30, and the plurality of thrust cylinders 20 are distributed circumferentially.

[0045] During the excavation operation, the cutterhead 11 is driven by the main drive device 12 to rotate, and the cutterhead 11 rolls and crushes the rock mass; the shoe device 30 holds the cave wall tightly; the thrust cylinder 20 extends to apply a force to the excavation device 10 in a direction away from the shoe device 30, and the thrust cylinder 20 pushes the excavation device 10 along the excavation direction 70 by the reaction force of the shoe 31, and the cutterhead 11 rotates and moves along the excavation direction 70, thereby realizing the excavation operation of the shaft. After each excavation process is completed, the thrust cylinder 20 and the shoe device 30 are retracted, and then the next excavation process is carried out.

[0046] When the excavation direction 70 needs to be adjusted, the extension lengths of the propulsion cylinders 20 at different positions are different, such as Figure 3 As shown, the excavation device 10 is deflected relative to the gripper device 30 , thereby changing the excavation direction 70 .

[0047] The shaft boring machine uses a cutter head 11 for mechanical excavation. After the shoe 31 holds the cave wall tightly, the thrust cylinder 20 extends to fit the bottom of the shoe 31, thereby pushing the cutter head 11 in reverse to achieve the advancement of the excavation device 10. By controlling the extension lengths of the thrust cylinders 20 at different positions, the excavation posture of the excavation device 10 is changed to adjust the direction. The adjustment is relatively flexible and free, achieving efficient, flexible and accurate excavation of the shaft. The shaft boring machine has the functions of mechanical rock breaking, advancement and adjustment, achieving mechanized operation of shaft excavation, and the whole machine has a compact and simple structure and high reliability.

[0048] In one embodiment, the shoe device 30 includes a ring frame 33, a shoe 31 and a tightening cylinder 32. Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, the tightening cylinder 32 is installed on the ring frame 33, and the shoe 31 is connected to the tightening cylinder 32. The tightening cylinder 32 is used to drive the shoe 31 to move radially. Figure 2 As shown, the tightening oil cylinder 32 extends to drive the shoe 31 to tighten against the hole wall. The shoe 31 can be connected to the ring frame 33 through the tightening oil cylinder 32 and guided by the guide column 34 during the extension and retraction process.

[0049] In one embodiment, the shaft boring machine comprises a shield 15, such as Figure 1-Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown, the excavation device 10 is installed on the lower side of the shield body 15, and the middle of the shield body 15 is connected by a connecting beam 16.

[0050] Furthermore, the connection mechanism 50 includes a central column 51, a first end of the central column 51 is fixedly connected to the excavation device 10, a second end of the central column 51 is movably connected to the shoe device 30, and the central column 51 can swing and move up and down relative to the shoe device 30. Figure 1 As shown, the top of the central column 51 is a platform 52, on which auxiliary systems such as a hydraulic pump station 54 and a control cabinet can be placed.

[0051] like Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, the connection mechanism 50 includes a connection ball seat 60, which includes a movable ball 61 and a fixed ball 62 fixed to the ring frame 33. The movable ball 61 and the fixed ball 62 are spherically matched, and the movable ball 61 can rotate around the center of the fixed ball 62; the center column 51 is connected to the movable ball 61. Through the action of the connection ball seat 60, the center column 51 can swing relative to the ring frame 33, realizing the angle change between the axis of the excavation device 10 and the axis of the shoe device 30, avoiding the adjustment from being stuck.

[0052] Furthermore, the movable sphere 61 is installed in the fixed sphere 62; the center column 51 is movably installed in the movable sphere 61 and can move relative to the movable sphere 61 along the longitudinal direction of the center column 51. Specifically, the fixed sphere 62 is installed on the inner side of the ring frame 33, and the fixed sphere 62 has a spherical concave surface. The spherical outer surface of the movable sphere 61 is spherically matched with the spherical concave surface; the inner side of the movable sphere 61 is slidably matched with the center column 51, and the center column 51 rotates relatively around the fixed sphere 62, thereby realizing flexible adjustment. The center column 51 is fixedly connected to the connecting beam 16, and during the process of the cutter head 11 advancing along the excavation direction 70, the center column 51 slides in the movable sphere 61. As shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown, the outer surface of the central column 51 is provided with a longitudinal track 53 which cooperates with the movable ball 61 .

[0053] In one embodiment, the thrust cylinder 20 is installed on the tunneling device 10. Specifically, the thrust cylinder 20 pushes the main drive device 12 and the cutter head 11 by the reaction force at the bottom of the support shoe 31, so that the rotating cutter head 11 moves along the tunneling direction 70, thereby realizing the excavation operation of the shaft. The support shoe 31 provides a force point for the thrust cylinder 20 after tightening the cave wall, and at the same time, the friction force of the contact surface between the thrust cylinder 20 and the support shoe 31 provides a counter torque for the cutter head 11 to break the rock, which can always keep the thrust cylinder 20 parallel to the axis of the cutter head 11, and the posture is easier to control, which is conducive to the thrust cylinder 20 applying thrust to the tunneling device 10. Preferably, multiple thrust cylinders 20 are distributed circumferentially.

[0054] Furthermore, the end of the piston rod 21 of the thrust cylinder 20 is connected to a thrust ball seat 22, which is spherically matched with the piston rod 21. The thrust ball seat 22 is provided with a thrust plane for abutting against the support shoe device 30. Through the close contact between the thrust plane and the support shoe 31, a relatively large friction force can be generated between the thrust cylinder 20 and the support shoe 31, which is beneficial to provide a relatively large counter-torque for the cutter head 11 to break rocks.

[0055] The propulsion cylinder 20 is installed on the excavation device 10 through the shield body 15, and the cylinder body of the propulsion cylinder 20 is fixedly connected to the shield body 15. Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the piston rod 21 of the propulsion cylinder 20 is cantilevered, and the propulsion cylinder 20 drives the piston rod 21 to extend, which can contact the bottom of the gripper 31, and then continue to extend, so as to drive the cutter head 11 to move by reaction, and generate a relatively large pressure between the propulsion ball seat 22 and the gripper 31 to use the friction between the two to provide the counter torque for the cutter head 11 to break the rock. The gripper 31 is designed to be separated from the propulsion cylinder 20, and the gripper 31 and the propulsion cylinder 20 can move flexibly.

[0056] The shaft boring machine includes a reset cylinder 40, one end of which is connected to the boring device 10, and the other end of which is connected to the gripper device 30, and at least one end of the reset cylinder 40 is hinged. Specifically, the reset cylinder 40 is hinged to the boring device 10, and / or the reset cylinder 40 is hinged to the gripper device 30. For example, Figure 4 As shown, the ring frame 33 is provided with an ear seat 331, and the reset cylinder 40 is hinged to the ear seat 331 to realize the hinge connection with the shoe device 30. The connecting beam 16 is connected to the ring frame 33 through the reset cylinder 40. After each excavation process is completed, the propulsion cylinder 20 is retracted and separated from the bottom of the shoe 31, and the tightening cylinder 32 is retracted to make the shoe 31 separate from the cave wall. Then the reset cylinder 40 is retracted to pull the ring frame 33 toward the shield body 15, and the entire ring frame 33 and the shoe device 30 slide along the central column 51, return to the original state, and quickly reset. When the propulsion force is insufficient, the reset cylinder 40 can also be pushed forward to achieve a large thrust propulsion operation.

[0057] In one embodiment, the shaft boring machine includes a stabilizer 13, which is extended and retracted by a stabilizing cylinder 14. During the advancement, the stabilizing cylinder 14 extends and presses against the tunnel wall, exerting a small pressure. The low pressure is close to the tunnel wall, which does not affect the downward excavation of the entire machine and can assist in supporting the tunnel wall. This can reduce the vibration caused by the cutter head 11 breaking rocks to stabilize the posture of the entire machine.

[0058] The gripper 31 is pulled back by the reset cylinder 40 to reset and adjust the posture. At the same time, the reset cylinder 40 can lift the cutter head 11 in the opposite direction to assist in maintenance work. When the cutter head 11 needs to be lifted, the tightening cylinder 32 is extended, the gripper 31 tightens the hole wall, and the thrust cylinder 20 is retracted. The cutter head 11 can be lifted to a certain height by the reset cylinder 40, and the reset cylinder 40 is locked. At the same time, the stabilizing cylinder 14 is extended, and the hole wall is tightened with high pressure, providing double protection.

[0059] The excavation direction 70 of the shaft boring machine can be downward, and the shaft is excavated downward. Specifically, the upper part of the cutter head 11 is connected to the main drive device 12, and the outer side of the main drive device 12 is connected to the shield body 15; a plurality of stabilizers 13 are arranged circumferentially at the bottom of the shield body 15. The cutter head 11 is mounted with a cutter, and the cutter can be a hob, such as a disc hob or a ball tooth hob.

[0060] Solution 2

[0061] The present invention provides a shaft excavation method, using the shaft boring machine mentioned above, and the shaft excavation method includes: adjusting the forward direction of the boring device 10 by controlling the extension length of each propulsion cylinder 20. The shaft excavation method uses a cutter head 11 for mechanical excavation, and after the support shoe 31 holds the cave wall tightly, the propulsion cylinder 20 extends and presses against the bottom of the support shoe 31, thereby reversely pushing the cutter head 11 to realize the propulsion operation of the boring device 10; by controlling the extension lengths of the propulsion cylinders 20 at different positions, the excavation posture of the boring device 10 is changed to adjust the direction, and the adjustment is relatively flexible and free, thereby realizing efficient, flexible and accurate excavation of the shaft. The shaft boring machine has the functions of mechanical rock breaking, propulsion and direction adjustment, realizes the mechanized operation of shaft excavation, and the whole machine has a compact and simple structure and high reliability.

[0062] The above are only several embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications to the embodiments of the present invention based on the contents disclosed in the application documents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaft boring machine, characterized in that: include: A tunneling device, which includes a cutterhead and a main drive device; A shoe device, which is used to tighten against the cave wall; A connecting mechanism, wherein a first end of the connecting mechanism is connected to the excavation device, and a second end of the connecting mechanism is connected to the gripper device, and through the connecting mechanism, the excavation device can swing and move up and down relative to the gripper device; A plurality of propulsion cylinders, the propulsion cylinders are arranged between the excavation device and the gripper device and can apply separate driving forces to the excavation device and the gripper device, and the plurality of propulsion cylinders are distributed circumferentially; wherein the propulsion cylinder is installed on the excavation device, the end of the piston rod of the propulsion cylinder is connected to a propulsion ball seat, and the propulsion ball seat is provided with a propulsion plane for abutting against the gripper device; the piston rod of the propulsion cylinder is cantilevered; A reset cylinder, one end of which is connected to the excavation device, the other end of which is connected to the gripper device, the reset cylinder being hinged to the excavation device, and / or the reset cylinder being hinged to the gripper device; The excavation device is installed on the lower side of the shield body, and the cylinder body of the propulsion cylinder is fixedly connected to the shield body.

2. The shaft boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting mechanism comprises a central column, a first end of which is fixedly connected to the excavation device, a second end of which is movably connected to the support shoe device, and the central column can swing and move up and down relative to the support shoe device.

3. The shaft boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting mechanism comprises a connecting ball seat, the connecting ball seat comprises a movable ball and a fixed ball fixed to the shoe support device, the movable ball cooperates with the spherical surface of the fixed ball, and the movable ball can rotate around the center of the fixed ball; the central column is connected to the movable ball.

4. The shaft boring machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The movable sphere is installed in the fixed sphere; the central column is movably installed on the movable sphere and can move relative to the movable sphere along the longitudinal direction of the central column.

5. The shaft boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The propulsion ball seat cooperates with the spherical surface of the piston rod.

6. The shaft boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support shoe device comprises a ring frame, a support shoe and a tightening oil cylinder. The tightening oil cylinder is installed on the ring frame, the support shoe is connected to the tightening oil cylinder, and the tightening oil cylinder is used to drive the support shoe to move radially.

7. A vertical shaft excavation method, characterized in that: Using the shaft boring machine described in any one of claims 1 to 6, the shaft boring method comprises: adjusting the forward direction of the boring device by controlling the extension length of each of the thrust cylinders.

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