Electrical windings for rotating electrical machines

Abstract

The invention relates to a winding for an active part of a rotating electric machine, the rotating electric machine having at least one phase system, the phase system comprising a plurality of phases, each phase comprising a first power pin and a second power pin, each power pin forming a phase input or output, each power pin comprising a power terminal extending outside a slot and extending a conductive segment extending inside the slot. At least a portion of the first power terminal (33G) is arranged on the inner periphery of the winding, the first end extending a conductive segment (33A) arranged in an outer layer, and at least a portion of the second power terminal (34G) is arranged on the outer periphery of the winding, the second end extending a conductive segment (34A) arranged in an inner layer, the inner periphery being closer to the axis than the outer periphery, and the inner layer and the outer layer forming an edge layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates in particular to an electrical winding for an active part of a rotating electrical machine, such as a stator or a rotor. The invention relates more particularly to an electrical winding produced using conductive pins.

[0002] The invention is particularly advantageously applicable in the field of rotating electrical machines, such as alternators, starter-alternators, and even reversible electrical machines or motors. It will be recalled that a reversible electrical machine is a rotating electrical machine that can be operated reversibly, both as a generator when operating as an alternator and as an electric motor, for example for starting an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle. Background Art

[0003] A rotating electrical machine comprises a rotor that rotates freely about an axis and a fixed stator. The stator comprises a body having a yoke that forms a portion that rotates about an axis passing through the center of the stator. The body comprises teeth that extend radially from the yoke toward the center of the stator and that define slots around which electrical windings are positioned. The windings are formed by a plurality of conductive pins that are partially housed in the slots of the body and are electrically connected in pairs by their ends so as to form a continuous electrical path. For example, each pin comprises two substantially parallel conductive segments connected by an elbow joint, thereby forming a U-shape. The conductive segments are inserted into two different slots on a first axial end face of the stator so that the conductive segments are substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the stator. The same slot can accommodate multiple segments belonging to different pins, thereby forming different layers of conductive segments.

[0004] The free ends of the conductive segments protruding beyond the second axial end face of the stator are then connected together so as to form an electrical path which, when current passes through them, generates a magnetic field along the teeth of the body. In other words, the conductive pins are connected in pairs so as to form different groups, and each group can specifically correspond to a power supply phase. For example, the stator comprises three different groups to allow the winding to be powered by a three-phase current.

[0005] Such a winding requires a certain number of connections between the power pins forming the input and output of each phase, in order to connect the phases to each other, thereby ensuring the required connection of the windings, and between the power pins and the corresponding electronic power module, in order to connect said input and output of each phase to said module.

[0006] Depending on the structure of the winding, the power pins can be located in slots in the outer layer of the winding. In this case, the power pins are therefore not radially surrounded by other pins. As a result, the power pins, which only include a single conductive segment, are not firmly held in the slots. In particular, their free ends can move radially to the outside of the winding. The free ends can then come into contact with another element of the rotating electrical machine, such as the rotor, for pins located on the inner layer of the stator, or with one of the flanges of the housing, for pins located on the outer layer of the stator, thus damaging the rotating electrical machine. The free ends can also press on the teeth of the stator body or of the yoke, thus damaging the enamel covering them and causing a short circuit. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art. To this end, the present invention therefore relates to an electrical winding for an active part, in particular formed by a stator or a rotor, of a rotating electrical machine, the active part comprising a body having an annular yoke around an axis and a plurality of teeth extending in radial direction from the sides of the yoke so as to define slots leading to a first axial end face and a second axial end face of the body. The electrical winding has at least one phase system comprising a plurality of electrical phases, each electrical phase comprising a set of pins electrically connected to one another and each pin having at least one conductive segment adapted to be accommodated in the same slot forming N layers. The set of pins comprises at least a first power supply pin and a second power supply pin, each power supply pin forming a phase input or output. According to the invention, each power supply pin comprises a power supply terminal extending from the associated conductive segment to the outside of the slot. Still according to the invention, at least a portion of the first power supply terminal is arranged on the inner periphery of the winding, the first end extending the conductive segment arranged in the outer layer. In addition, according to the present invention, at least a portion of the second power supply terminal is arranged on the outer periphery of the winding, the second end extends to a conductive segment arranged in an inner layer, the inner periphery is closer to the axis than the outer periphery, and the inner layer and the outer layer form an edge layer.

[0008] In other words, the first power terminal and the second power terminal each have an intersection portion that is arranged circumferentially facing each other.

[0009] This makes it possible to exert a force in radial direction on the power supply terminal, so that said power supply terminal can be retained and said terminal is prevented from moving and coming into contact with the rotor or the housing of the rotating electrical machine. By connecting a portion of the power supply terminal, whose associated conductive segments are arranged in the outer layer of the winding on the inner circumference, to the electronic component, a radially inward force is generated on the power supply terminal, preventing it from protruding radially outward beyond the bundle and thus coming into contact with the housing of the electrical machine. Similarly, by connecting a portion of the power supply terminal, whose associated conductive segments are arranged in the inner layer of the winding on the outer circumference, to the electronic component, a radially outward force is generated on the power supply terminal, preventing it from protruding radially inward beyond the bundle and thus coming into contact with the rotor of the electrical machine. This makes it possible to avoid damage to said power supply terminal, in particular by preventing the generation of a short circuit, and also to prevent more general damage to the rotating electrical machine.

[0010] According to an embodiment, the first power supply pin extends in an outer layer of the slot and the second power supply pin extends in an inner layer of the slot, the inner layer and the outer layer forming an edge layer.

[0011] For example, the conductive segments of the first and second power pins are respectively arranged in the outer layer and the inner layer of the same slot.

[0012] The fact that the two power supply ends of the same slot each have a cross portion makes it possible to perform the function of retaining said ends in the radial direction, while simplifying the connection between the electronic component and the power supply pin by preventing the two connections from being too close to each other.

[0013] "Edge layer" means a layer located at the inner or outer radial end of the winding, i.e. a layer not in the center. In other words, the power pins are located in the layers forming the inner and outer periphery of the winding, respectively. This positioning of the power pins in the edge layers opposite to the center layers makes it possible to simplify the connections between the coils within a phase by making these connections between the center layers that are thus adjacent.

[0014] According to an embodiment, each slot comprises N segments belonging to different pins. For example, one layer is formed by a single segment of one pin.

[0015] According to one embodiment, the first end and the second end are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction. In other words, the intersections are spaced apart from each other and therefore do not touch. This makes it possible to avoid a potential short circuit between the power supply terminals.

[0016] According to one embodiment, each of the first and second power terminals has a link portion adjacent to the associated conductive segment, a connection portion suitable for connecting to an electronic component of the motor, and an intersection portion arranged between the associated link and connection portions, the link and connection portions of the same power terminal are located on opposite sides of the intersection portion of the same power terminal in the radial direction, and the intersection portions of the first and second power terminals extend facing each other in the circumferential direction.

[0017] According to one embodiment, the pins are adapted to form a bundle on either side of the axial end face of the stator body, respectively. In this embodiment, the cross section is arranged axially at a distance from the bundle. This makes it possible to avoid excessive forces being exerted on the link section at the power supply end due to excessive bending angles, which can in particular damage the enamel of the conductor and create short circuits. This also makes it possible to separate the link section from the bundle, thus avoiding the creation of short circuits. However, this distance must not be too large so as not to increase the footprint of the rotating electrical machine.

[0018] According to an embodiment, the crossover portion extends between the outer and inner circumferences of the winding, in particular in the radially central portion between said circumferences. This makes it possible to simplify the method of producing the winding by applying the same force to the power supply ends. Alternatively, the crossover portion may extend in the inner edge portion or in the outer edge portion of the winding.

[0019] According to one embodiment, a first group of power pins arranged on one of the circumferences of the winding and consisting of different phases includes at least one power terminal having a cross portion and at least one other power terminal without a cross portion. In this embodiment, a second group of power pins arranged on a different circumference of the winding than the first group and consisting of different phases includes at least one power terminal having a cross portion and at least one other power terminal without a cross portion.

[0020] Each group thus comprises at least one power supply terminal forming a phase input and another power supply terminal forming a phase output. Thus, the phase inputs and outputs to be connected together are positioned so that overlapping or crossing interconnection tracks are no longer necessary to achieve a triangular configuration. This makes it possible to simplify the structure of the interconnector and reduce its footprint.

[0021] The power supply terminals without crossover portions are given as power supply terminals extending axially substantially on the same circumference as the circumference on which their associated conductive segments are arranged.

[0022] For example, in a group including at least three first ends, only two or one of the ends have a crossover portion.

[0023] Alternatively, all power terminals may have crossover portions.

[0024] As another example, when a group includes two power terminals with a cross portion, the power terminal without the cross portion is circumferentially arranged between the power terminals with the cross portion. Similarly, when a group includes one power terminal with a cross portion, the power terminal with the cross portion is circumferentially arranged between the power terminals without the cross portion.

[0025] This alternation between power supply terminals with and without crossover portions makes it easy to alternate the phase inputs and outputs within the same group. This makes it possible to avoid crossings between interconnection tracks connecting the inputs to the outputs, while preventing one of the tracks from protruding radially to make an electrical connection, while avoiding one of the ends being on the same stator circumference.

[0026] According to an embodiment, the winding comprises at least one holding member arranged to hold two power supply ends without a crossing portion at least in a radial direction.

[0027] The holding member makes it possible to hold the power supply end of the power supply pin to prevent said end from moving and coming into contact with the stator body or the rotor or the housing of the rotating electric machine.

[0028] The holding member may form an interconnector such that the power supply terminals may be connected to each other or to an electronic component.

[0029] The holding member may comprise an electrically conductive track.For example, the electrically conductive track may be at least partially covered by an electrically insulating material.

[0030] Alternatively, the holding member may be formed of only electrically insulating material.

[0031] According to one embodiment, pins other than the power pin are formed by two conductive segments, which are connected to each other at one end (referred to as the first end) extending from the first axial end face of the main body, and are connected to different pins at the other end (referred to as the second end) extending from the second axial end face of the main body, and the first end of the power pin extends from the first axial end face.

[0032] According to an embodiment, the first power pin has a different shape than the second power pin. For example, each power pin has a single conductive segment and two ends. As a further example, the two ends of the first power pin extend in opposite circumferential directions to each other, and the two ends of the second power pin extend in the same circumferential direction.

[0033] According to this embodiment, the winding comprises a first group of conductive pins, whose conductive segments are each located in two different layers separated from each other by at least one intermediate layer; a second group of conductive pins, whose conductive segments are each located in two different layers separated from each other by at least one intermediate layer, the layer including the first group of pins being different from the layer including the second group of pins; and connecting pins, which make it possible to connect the first group of pins to the second group of pins.

[0034] According to an embodiment, the conductive segments of the connecting pin are arranged in two adjacent layers. "Adjacent layers" refers to consecutive layers that are not separated by another layer. This allows to simplify the insertion of the pin in the method of producing the winding and also allows to simplify the shape of the connecting pin.

[0035] According to an embodiment, the adjacent layer where the conductive segment of the connecting pin is located is a central layer. A "central layer" refers to a layer that is surrounded by two other layers and is therefore not on the edge of the slot.

[0036] According to an embodiment, each conductive segment of the power supply pin is adapted to be positioned in one of the slots comprising the conductive segment of the connection pin.

[0037] According to an embodiment, the power pins make it possible to connect the winding to an electronic power supply and / or control module.

[0038] According to an embodiment, each phase comprises a plurality of conducting pins, at least one connecting pin and a number of power supply pins equal to twice the number of connecting pins.

[0039] According to an embodiment, layers comprising conductive segments of conductive pins of the first group of pins are alternated with layers comprising conductive segments of conductive pins of the second group of pins. For example, the inner radial layers comprise conductive segments of conductive pins of the first group of pins and the outer radial layers comprise conductive segments of conductive pins of the second group of pins.

[0040] According to an embodiment, the conductive pins of the first group of pins respectively have a different shape than the conductive pins of the second group of pins.

[0041] According to an embodiment, the conductive pins of the first group of pins each comprise two free ends extending two conductive segments respectively, the free ends being bent so as to approach each other in a circumferential direction.

[0042] According to an embodiment, the conductive pins of the second group of pins each include two free ends extending two conductive segments respectively, and the free ends are bent so as to be separated from each other in the circumferential direction.

[0043] The invention also relates to the active part of a rotating electrical machine, in particular formed by a stator or a rotor, comprising an electrical winding as described above.

[0044] Furthermore, the invention also relates to a rotating electrical machine comprising an active part, in particular formed by a stator or a rotor, comprising an electrical winding as described above. The rotating electrical machine can advantageously form an alternator, a starter-alternator, a reversible electrical machine or a motor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] The invention will be better understood by reading the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments of the invention and by referring to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] Figure 1 A partial cross-sectional view of an example of a rotating electrical machine is schematically shown.

[0047] Figure 2 Schematically shows Figure 1 Perspective view of the stator.

[0048] Figure 3 Schematically shows the Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a radial plane of a part of a stator.

[0049] Figure 4 Schematically shows Figure 2 A perspective view of the conductive pins in the first set of pins of the stator.

[0050] Figure 5 Schematically shows Figure 2 A perspective view of the conductive pins in the second set of pins of the stator.

[0051] Figure 6 Schematically shows Figure 2 A perspective view of the connecting pins of the stator.

[0052] Figure 7 Schematically shows Figure 2 A perspective view of the first power pin of the stator.

[0053] Figure 8 Schematically shows Figure 2 A perspective view of the second power pin of the stator.

[0054] Fig. 9 Partially shown Figure 2 Circuit diagram of the stator winding.

[0055] Fig.10 A partial perspective view of a stator according to an example of the present invention is schematically shown.

[0056] Fig.11 The schematic diagrams show the Fig.10 An axial top view of a portion of a winding of an example including interconnected tracks.

[0057] Fig.12 An example of a holding member is schematically shown.

[0058] In all the drawings, identical or similar elements have the same reference numerals. It will also be noted that the different drawings are not necessarily to the same scale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] Figure 1 An example of a compact multiphase rotating electrical machine 10, in particular for use in motor vehicles, is shown. The electrical machine 10 converts mechanical energy into electrical energy in alternator mode and can be operated in motor mode in order to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. The rotating electrical machine 10 is, for example, an alternator, a starter-alternator, a reversible electrical machine or an electric motor.

[0060] In this example, the electric machine 10 comprises a housing 11. Inside this housing 11, it also comprises a shaft 13, a rotor 12 rigidly connected to the shaft 13 so as to rotate therewith, and a stator 15 surrounding the rotor 12. The rotor 12 rotates around an axis X. In the remainder of the description, the axial direction corresponds to the axis X passing through the center of the shaft 13, while the radial direction corresponds to a plane coinciding with the axis X, in particular a plane perpendicular to the axis X. For the radial direction, "inner" corresponds to an element facing the axis, or an element closer to the axis relative to a second element, and "outer" means away from the axis.

[0061] In this example, the housing 11 comprises a front flange 16 and a rear flange 17 assembled together. These flanges 16, 17 are hollow and each supports a bearing in the center, which is coupled to a corresponding ball bearing 18, 19 so as to allow the shaft 13 to rotate. In addition, the housing 11 comprises a fixing device 14 making it possible to mount the rotary electric machine 10 in a vehicle.

[0062] A drive component 20, such as a pulley or sprocket, can be fixed to the front end of the shaft 13. This component allows rotational motion to be transmitted to the shaft, or allows the shaft to transmit its rotational motion. In the rest of the description, the term "front / rear" refers to this component. Thus, the front side is the side facing the component, and the rear side is the side facing the opposite direction of the component.

[0063] In this case, the front flange 16 and the rear flange 17 are arranged to form a chamber for circulating a coolant such as water or oil. Alternatively, the flanges may include openings for the passage of a cooling air flow generated by the rotation of at least one fan rigidly connected to the rotor or shaft for rotation therewith.

[0064] In this example, the rotor 12 is formed from laminations housing permanent magnets forming the magnetic poles. Alternatively, the rotor may be a claw rotor comprising two pole wheels and a rotor coil.

[0065] In this embodiment, the stator 15 comprises a body 21 formed of laminations provided with slots 22, provided with slot insulators 23 for mounting an electrical winding 24. The winding passes through the slots of the body 21 and forms a front beam 25a and a rear beam 25b on either side of the stator body. In addition, the winding 24 is formed of one or more phases comprising at least one electrical conductor and electrically connected to an electronic assembly 26.

[0066] The electronic assembly 26 mounted on the housing 11 in this case comprises at least one electronic power module making it possible to control at least one phase of the winding 24. The power module forms a voltage rectifier bridge for converting the generated AC voltage into a DC voltage and vice versa. Alternatively, the electronic assembly can be remote from the motor.

[0067] Figure 2 and 3 The stator 15 is shown in more detail. The body of the stator 21 is formed by an annular yoke 27 around the axis X and a plurality of teeth 28 extending radially from the yoke towards the center of the stator, in particular in this case from the side of the inner wall forming the yoke 27. The teeth 28 are evenly distributed at an angle on the periphery of the annular body, providing continuous spaces between them so as to define slots 22 extending continuously on the periphery of the annular body of the stator, each slot being defined by two consecutive teeth. According to the present example, the teeth 48 define slots distributed along the circumference of the stator body, which slots are arranged to form a support for the electric winding 24. As a variant, a different number of slots can be used, such as 96, 84, 72, 60. It will be understood that this number depends in particular on the application of the electric machine, the diameter of the stator and the number of poles of the rotor.

[0068] In the axial direction, i.e. parallel to the axis X, the slots 22 open on a first axial end face 29a and a second axial end face 29b of the stator body 21. In other words, the slots pass axially through the body and open to two opposite axial end faces of the stator. The term "axial end face" refers to a face that is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the axis X of rotation of the stator.

[0069] The winding 24 is formed by a plurality of pins electrically connected together to form an electrical path forming a winding phase. In this example, each phase comprises a plurality of conductive pins 30, 31, a connection pin 32 and two power pins 33, 34. As will be described below with reference to Figure 4 and 5 In further detail, each conductive pin 30, 31 is formed by two conductive segments 30A, 30B, 31A, 31B extending axially in the slot 22 and being substantially parallel to each other for this purpose. The conductive segments are connected together by an elbow joint 30C, 31C, which is also conductive, thereby forming electrical continuity. As will be described below with reference to Figure 6 In further detail, the connecting pin 32 is formed by two conductive segments 32A, 32B extending axially in the slot 22 and being substantially parallel to each other for this purpose. The conductive segments are connected together by an elbow joint 32C, which is also conductive, so as to form electrical continuity. The conductive segments 30A, 30B, 31A, 31B, 32A, 32B of the same pin 30, 31, 32 are located in two slots different from each other.

[0070] Each elbow joint 30C, 31C, 32C may have two inclined portions 30D, 31D, 32D which intersect to form a vertex 30E, 31E, 32E. Here, the elbow joint 30C, 31C, 32C is a one-piece structure and is in particular formed integrally with the associated conductive segment. Thus, each pin 30, 31, 32 forms a U-shaped piece. Alternatively, the elbow joint may be formed in two parts connected together, for example by welding, each part of the elbow joint being formed integrally with the associated conductive segment. Thus, each pin 30, 31, 32 is formed by two sub-pins, each sub-pin being I-shaped.

[0071] As will be referenced below Figure 7 and 8 Describing in further detail, the power pins 33 , 34 are each formed by a conductive segment 33A, 34A extending axially in the slot 22 .

[0072] like Figure 3As shown, the various conductive segments located in the same slot overlap to form a stack of N layers Ci, it being understood that these N layers are present in each slot, forming substantially coaxial annular rings on the periphery of the stator. For example, there are four of these layers, which are numbered from C1 to C4 according to their stacking order in the slot 22. The first layer C1 corresponds to the outer layer, the second layer C2 corresponds to the outer central layer directly adjacent to the first layer C1, the third layer C3 corresponds to the inner central layer directly adjacent to the second layer C2, and the fourth layer C4 corresponds to the inner layer. Layers C1 and C4 form edge layers, and layers C2 and C3 form central layers. The first layer C1 is therefore occupied by the conductive segments closest to the yoke 27, and the layer C4 is therefore occupied by the conductive segments closest to the slot opening, i.e., closest to the axis X. Of course, the invention is not limited to this single embodiment, making it possible to stack a greater number of conductive segments in each slot, such as 6, 8 or 10 conductors. For example, one layer is formed by a single conductive segment. Therefore, each slot 22 includes N conductive segments radially aligned with each other on a single line, and each forms a layer Ci. In the example shown, each conductive segment has a generally rectangular cross-section to facilitate their stacking in the slot.

[0073] Figure 4 , 5 , 6 and 7 show various shapes of pins forming the electrical winding 24. The following description is provided for one phase of the electrical winding; those skilled in the art will appreciate that all phases are formed identically. The conductive pins 30, 31 forming the first or second set of pins differ in that the free ends 30F, 31F of the conductive segments are axially opposite to the elbow joints 30C, 31C.

[0074] Figure 4 A conductive pin 30 of a first group of pins is shown, all pins 30 of the first group having the same shape. This conductive pin 30 is characterized by two free ends 30F of a conductive segment which are bent so as to be closer to each other. More specifically, the free ends 30F of the conductive segment are bent so as to overlap each other in the radial direction. The spacing between the two free ends 30F of the conductive segment of the same pin 30 is smaller than the spacing between the two conductive segments 30A, 30B on their straight portions housed in the slots.

[0075] Figure 5 A conductive pin 31 of a second group of pins is shown, all pins 31 of the second group having the same shape. This conductive pin 31 is characterized by two free ends 31F of a conductive segment which are bent so as to be separated from each other. The spacing between the two free ends 31F of a conductive segment of the same pin 31 is greater than the spacing between the two conductive segments 31A, 31B on their straight portions housed in the slots. More specifically, the conductive segments 31A, 31B of the same pin are separated by a step P so as to be inserted into slot E and slot E+P, respectively, and the free ends 31F of these conductive segments are separated by a step 2P.

[0076] Figure 6 A connecting pin 32 is shown, characterized by two free ends 32F of a conductive segment that are bent so as to maintain the same spacing as the conductive segments 32A, 32B. The spacing between the two free ends 32F of the conductive segment of the same pin 32 is similar to the spacing of these two conductive segments 32A, 32B on their straight portions housed in the slots. More specifically, the conductive segments 32A, 32B of the same pin are separated by a step P so as to be inserted into the slot E and the slot E+P, respectively, and the free ends 32F of these conductive segments are separated by the same step P.

[0077] Figure 7 A first power supply pin 33 is shown, comprising a single conductive segment 33A, a first end 33G referred to as the power supply end and a second end 33F referred to as the free end. The free end 33F is located on the same side of the stator as the free ends 30F, 31F, 32F of the other pins, and the power supply end 33G is located on the axially opposite side, i.e. on the side of the elbow joint 30C, 31C, 32C. The ends 33F, 33G are bent in opposite circumferential directions, that is, the ends do not overlap axially.

[0078] Figure 8 A second power supply pin 34 is shown, which comprises a single conductive segment 34A, a first end 33G referred to as a power supply end and a second end 33F referred to as a free end. The free end 34F is located on the same side of the stator as the free ends 30F, 31F, 32F of the other pins, while the power supply end 34G is located on the axially opposite side, i.e. on the side of the elbow joint 30C, 31C, 32C. The ends 34F, 34G are bent in the same circumferential direction, that is, the ends are axially superposed.

[0079] The following will refer to Fig.10 The specific arrangement of power terminals 33G, 34G is described in more detail.

[0080] Especially Figure 2 and 9 As shown, each pin 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 is arranged so that its conductive section extends in two different slots E and E+P, separated by a step P, and each elbow joint is located on the first axial end face 29a, while the free end is located on the second axial end face 29b and connected together, so as to produce electrical continuity in the winding between the pins. As will be particularly referred to below Fig. 9In the description, the ends of the free conductive segments arranged in the first layer C1 and the ends of the free conductive segments arranged in the second layer C2 are interconnected, and the ends of the free conductive segments arranged in the third layer C3 and the ends of the free conductive segments arranged in the fourth layer C4 are interconnected. For example, these connections are made by welding. Thus, the conductive segments 30A, 30B, 31A, 31B, 32A, 32B, 33A, 34A of the same pin are connected together at one end by an elbow joint 30C, 31C, 32C, and each is connected to another pin at its free end 30F, 31F, 32F, 33F, 34F.

[0081] The first group of conductive pins 30 forms a group called the outer group, which includes pins 30, the conductive segments 30A, 30B of which are received in slots, thereby forming an outer first layer C1 and an inner central third layer C3. The second group of conductive pins 31 forms a group called the inner group, which includes pins 31, the conductive segments 31A, 31B of which are received in slots, thereby forming an inner fourth layer C4 and an outer central second layer C2.

[0082] like Figure 2 and 9 As shown, the two groups of pins are staggered, that is, arranged so that one conductive segment of the pin 30 of the outer group is located in a slot that is closer to the inside than one conductive segment of the pin 31 of the inner group. More specifically, the conductive pins 30 belonging to the first group are arranged in the stator so as to have one conductive segment 30A occupying the first layer C1 in the slot E and one conductive segment 30B occupying the third layer C3 in the slot E+P. Similarly, the conductive pins 31 belonging to the second group are arranged in the stator so as to have one conductive segment 31A occupying the second layer C2 in the slot E and one conductive segment 31B occupying the fourth layer C4 in the slot E+P. In other words, the conductive pins 30, 31 are arranged so that the conductive segments of the same conductive pin occupy different slots with a radial offset of two layers between each slot, or in other words, an intermediate layer is inserted between the two layers occupied by the conductive segments of the same pin. This radial offset corresponds to the insertion of the conductive segments of the conductive pins belonging to the other group. The result of this particular arrangement is that the elbow joints on the first axial end face 29a of the stator body 21 are aligned so that adjacent elbow joints are substantially parallel to each other. This makes it possible to increase the compactness of the bundle.

[0083] The two groups of conductive pins 30, 31 form continuous electrical paths independent of each other. In order to ensure electrical continuity within a phase, a connecting pin 32 is arranged to electrically connect the first group of conductive pins 30 to the second group of conductive pins 31, thereby forming a single electrical path and forming a phase of the electrical winding 24. Therefore, the connecting pin 32 closes the circuit and allows an appropriate current to flow through the winding, in particular so that the current flows in the same direction in each conductive segment accommodated in the same slot, and the current generally flows in one direction in one slot and in the opposite direction in the slots separated by a step P and -P.

[0084] exist Fig. 9 In the example shown, the first conductive segment 32A of the connecting pin 32 is located in a layer associated with the first group of conductive pins 30, while the second conductive segment 32B of the pin is located in a layer associated with the second group of conductive pins 31. This arrangement offers advantages in terms of the electrical connection of the winding. This makes it possible to connect all the conductive pins 30, 31 by means of a U-shaped connecting pin 32, i.e. having a shape similar to that of a conductive pin, in which two conductive segments are connected together by an elbow joint. With this arrangement, the electrical winding 24 therefore does not comprise a special pin that makes it possible to reverse the direction of the current to comply with the direction of flow of the current in the slot. This therefore makes it possible to simplify the electrical winding and the method of assembling it.

[0085] In particular, in this example, the first conductive segment 32A of the connecting pin 32 is located in the third layer C3, while the second conductive segment 32B of said pin is located in the second layer C2. The conductive segments 32A, 32B of the connecting pin are therefore arranged in two adjacent layers in the radial direction of two different slots, i.e. no intermediate layer is interposed between the two layers occupied by the conductive segments of this same pin 32. This makes it possible to incorporate the elbow joint 32C of the connecting pin into the bundle without increasing the height of the bundle by passing over another pin portion.

[0086] like Figure 2 , 3 As shown in Figures 1 and 9, the power pins 33, 34 are located in the slots so that their respective conductive segments 33A, 34A are located in a layer adjacent to the layer of the same slot including the conductive segments 32A, 32B of the connecting pin 32. In other words, for each conductive segment of the connecting pin 32 occupying the second layer C2 in the slot E, the conductive segment 33A of the power pin 33 is provided so as to occupy the first layer C1 in the slot E. Similarly, for each conductive segment of the connecting pin 32 occupying the third layer C3 in the slot E+P, the conductive segment 34A of the power pin 34 is arranged to occupy the fourth layer C4 in the slot E+P, spaced apart by a step P relative to the slot E. Therefore, the power pins 33, 34 are located in the edge layer so as to surround the connecting pin 32 of the same phase, whose conductive segments 32A, 32B are located in the center layer.

[0087] It should be understood that each connection pin 32 is associated with a pair of power pins 33, 34, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 The electric winding 24 comprising six phases therefore also comprises six pairs of power pins 33, including six first power pins 33 and six second power pins 34, as well as six connecting pins 32. It should be understood that the number of conductive pins 30, 31 depends on the number of stator slots and therefore on the desired application of the rotating electrical machine, in particular the desired performance and the available space, assuming that there are as many conductive pins 30 in the first group as there are conductive pins 31 in the second group.

[0088] The power supply terminals 33G, 34G form the current input and / or output of the corresponding phase. More specifically, for one phase, one end 33G, 34G of one of the power supply pins is connected directly or through an interconnection device to one end 33G, 34G of the power supply pin of another phase of the winding and / or a current source included in the electronic power supply and / or control module of the electronic assembly 26.

[0089] The power pins 33, 34 are arranged along the electrical winding 24 in the outer first layer C1 and the inner fourth layer C4. Specifically, the first power pin 33 and its power end 33G are located in the outer layer C1, and the second power pin 34 and its power end 34G are located in the inner layer C4. Of course, it is possible to reverse this positioning of the power pins without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0090] Fig.10 An embodiment of the invention is shown, showing a portion of a stator winding, in particular a bundle of wires from which power supply terminals 33G, 34G extend. In particular, in this example, four of the six power supply terminals 33G, 34G each have a crossover portion 33G2, 34G2, and the other two power supply terminals 33G, 34G do not have a crossover portion and extend from their associated conductive segments 33A, 34A in a substantially axial direction. In this example, the power supply terminals without a crossover portion are circumferentially arranged between the power supply terminals with a crossover portion.

[0091] In an alternative example not shown, only two of the six power terminals 33G, 34G may each have a cross portion 33G2, 34G2, while the other four power terminals 33G, 34G do not have a cross portion. In this case, the power terminals with a cross portion may be circumferentially arranged between the power terminals without a cross portion.

[0092] Each of the four power terminals has a link portion 33G1, 34G1 adjacent to the relevant conductive segment 33A, 34A, a connection portion 33G3, 34G3 electrically connected to the electronic component 26, and a cross portion 33G2, 34G2 arranged between the relevant link and connection portions. The portions extend continuously one after another from the conductive segment of the same power pin and form a basic straight line extending obliquely relative to the axial direction. The inclined straight line extends from one of the circumferences of the winding to the radially opposite circumference. Therefore, the link and connection portions of the same power terminal are opposite to each other in the radial direction relative to the cross portion of the same power terminal, and the cross portion forms a basic radial center portion between the inner circumference and the outer circumference of the winding.

[0093] The two power supply pins 33, 34 whose conductive segments extend in the same slot 22 have the same type of power supply ends, i.e., the type including a cross portion or the type not including a cross portion. Therefore, the cross portions 33G2, 34G2 of the power supply ends of the pins arranged in the same slot face each other in the circumferential direction and extend at a distance. Therefore, there is no contact between the cross portions. The spacing is in particular of the order of several millimeters.

[0094] The cross-sections 33G2, 34G2 are arranged at a distance from the axial end of the bundle 25a from which the power supply terminal extends. Therefore, the cross-section is axially spaced from the axial end of the bundle. This axial spacing is, for example, between 5 mm and 35 mm.

[0095] In the example shown here, the power supply terminal 33G has a link portion 33G1 extending from the outer periphery of the winding and a connection portion 33G3 extending to the inner periphery of the winding. Similarly, the power supply terminal 34G has a link portion 34G1 extending from the inner periphery of the winding and a connection portion 34G3 extending to the outer periphery of the winding. Therefore, the power supply terminals of a single slot are opposite.

[0096] In this exemplary embodiment, the output of one phase is connected to the input of another phase of the same phase system to achieve a delta configuration. Each of these connections between phase input and output is also connected to a current source, particularly included in the electronic power and / or control module of the electronic assembly 26.

[0097] The power supply terminals 33G, 34G are arranged along the electrical winding 24 so that their connection parts 33G3, 34G3 are grouped into a first group 36 and a second group 37 for each phase system. In this example, the connection parts of the same group are axially aligned with the same layer Ci of the slot. For example, here, Fig.10 As shown, the first group 36 includes connecting portions located above the outer layer C1, and the second group includes connecting portions located above the inner layer C4. In an alternative embodiment, the connecting portions of the first group can be located in the inner layer C4, while the connecting portions of the second group can be located in the outer layer C1. The connecting portions can also be located in the central layers C2 and C3.

[0098] Still in the example described here, the electrical winding 24 includes two systems, each including three phases. Therefore, the winding here includes two first groups 36 and two second groups 37, each including three connection parts 33G3, 34G3. The structure of these groups can be the same or different between each phase system. Each group 36, 37 includes at least one connection part forming a phase input and a connection part forming a phase output. In particular, in this example, each group 36, 37 includes two connection parts forming a phase input and a connection part forming a phase output, or two connection parts forming a phase output and a connection part forming a phase input. The groups of the same phase system have a complementary architecture. For example, if the first group includes two phase inputs and one phase output, then the second group includes two phase outputs and one phase input. In addition, each group includes a connection part for each phase of the phase system. Therefore, for the same group, each connection part belongs to a different phase.

[0099] Fig.11 An example is shown in which a first group 36 comprises two connection parts forming a phase output and one connection part forming a phase input, and a second group 37 comprises two connection parts forming a phase input and one connection part forming a phase output. The connection parts are arranged in the same layer of the slots and therefore extend over a circumferential portion of the winding.

[0100] In this exemplary embodiment, within a given group, the ends forming the phase output / input alternate in the circumferential direction. In other words, for a group including two phase outputs and one phase input, the phase input is circumferentially located between the phase outputs. Similarly, for a group including two phase inputs and one phase output, the phase output is circumferentially located between the phase inputs.

[0101] Preferably, within the same group 36 , 37 , the distances between the power supply terminals in the circumferential direction are the same.

[0102] For example, the same group 36, 37 comprises at least one connection portion 33G3 and at least one connection portion 34G3 belonging to two different power pins 33, 34. Here, this alternation of phase input / output within the same group is produced by reversing the connection portions 33G3, 34G3 only for some power terminals of the phase system, i.e., the power terminals with crossover portions. Thus, for one phase, if the first group comprises the connection portions forming the phase output, the second group comprises the connection portions forming the phase input.

[0103] Fig.11An example is shown, in which the first group 36 includes in the following order: a connection portion forming the output O / Z+2 of the third phase, then a connection portion forming the input I / Z of the first phase, and then a connection portion forming the output O / Z+1 of the second phase. The second group 37 complementary to the first group 36 includes in the following order: a connection portion forming the input I / Z+2 of the third phase, then a connection portion forming the output O / Z of the first phase, and then a connection portion forming the input I / Z+1 of the second phase.

[0104] To achieve a triangular configuration, the power supply terminals 33G, 34G are interconnected, for example, by interconnection tracks 38. Each interconnection track is for example welded to the associated connection portion and may include a portion for connection with a module of the electronic assembly 26. The tracks 38 are for example overmolded in an electrically insulating material to make these connections easier and to ensure good electrical insulation between them and between the tracks and the vertices 30E, 31E, 32E of the other pins of the winding.

[0105] More specifically, the connection portion forming the phase input I / Z+2 of the third phase is connected to the connection portion forming the phase output O / Z+1 of the second phase, the connection portion forming the phase output O / Z of the first phase is connected to the connection portion forming the phase input I / Z+1 of the second phase, and the connection portion forming the phase output O / Z+3 of the third phase is connected to the connection portion forming the phase input I / Z of the first phase. Fig.11 As clearly shown, these connections can be made without overlap between the rails 38 .

[0106] Other types of connections can be produced, in particular by exchanging the order of the phases, without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0107] In order to hold the power supply ends 33G, 34G without cross portions in the radial direction, a holding member 39 may be arranged between the ends to prevent the ends from moving, in particular outwardly or inwardly relative to the axis X in the radial direction.

[0108] Therefore, in Fig.12 In the example shown, the holding member 39 holds two power supply ends, which are located in the same slot and on different edge layers, each layer forming a radial end of the winding.

[0109] For example, the retaining member 39 is mounted in contact with the axial end of the rear bundle 25a extending axially towards the electronic assembly 26. Thus, the radial face of the retaining member 39, which serves as a bearing surface, is in contact with at least one vertex 30E, 31E, 32E of one of the pins 30, 31, 32. As a variant, the retaining member may be mounted at a distance from the bundle and therefore not in contact therewith.

[0110] In the example shown here, the electrical winding 24 comprises only two power supply ends without a crossover portion, the winding then comprises a single retaining member 39. In the alternative example described above, not shown, in which the electrical winding 24 comprises four power supply ends without a crossover portion, the winding may then comprise two retaining members 39, one for each pair of ends.

[0111] The holding member may include a first portion 40 that holds the power end 33G of the first power pin 33, a second portion 41 that holds the power end 34G of the second power pin 34, and a link portion 42 disposed between the portions 40, 41. The link portion is disposed radially between the two portions.

[0112] Fig.12 An example of a rod-shaped holding member 39 comprising two axial through holes 43 is shown, each allowing one of the power terminals 33G, 34G to be inserted. Alternatively, the holding member 39 may be rod-shaped comprising two slots, each allowing the insertion of the power terminals 33G, 34G, in particular by snap fastening.

[0113] The holding member 39 is made of an electrically insulating material, such as plastic.The holding member may be formed as a single piece, ie the first portion 40, the second portion 41 and the linking portion 42 are integrally formed to produce a one-piece component.

[0114] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a portion of a winding according to the previous description is shown. For simplicity, the number of slots is limited, and it should be understood that a person skilled in the art can easily expand the following description in order to manufacture a complete winding, with other slots of the stator also comprising a stack of conductive segments. Still for simplicity, the pins of the same phase are shown in bold, while the pins of other phases are transparent.

[0115] More specifically, for Fig. 9 The circuit shown, current is introduced into the winding 24 in a first orientation direction by means of the power supply end 34G of the first power supply pin 34, which forms the current input of this phase, shown on the side of the first axial end face 29a. Its path will be described in more detail by the numbered arrows Fi, in order to illustrate the fact that for a given slot, the current flows through the stacked conductive segments in the same direction, and in the opposite direction for the slots separated by a step P or -P. It should be noted that in the first orientation direction, the slot E+P is separated from the slot E by a predetermined step P. In the present example of a double three-phase electrical winding with one slot per pole per phase, the step P corresponds to the insertion of five slots between the slot E and the slot E+P.

[0116] The current flows from the first axial end face 29a to the second axial end face 29b (arrow F1) in the conductive segment 34A accommodated in the slot E. The conductive segment 34A is arranged to form a part of the fourth layer C4 in the slot E, and at its free end 34F, on the side of the second axial end face 29b, it folds itself into a shape similar to the shape of the conductive segment 30F of the conductive pin 30 of the first group of pins that it replaces in this layer.

[0117] The free end 34F of the power supply pin is connected to the free end 31F of the conductive pin 31 of the second group of pins, one of the conductive segments of the second group of pins occupying the third layer C3 in the slot EP, on the second axial end face 29b of the stator. The two free ends 34F, 31F are arranged adjacent to each other, in particular in the radial direction, and are electrically connected at a contact point 35 that can be produced by welding, thereby allowing the current to flow through the conductive segments in the same direction in each slot. The direction of flow of the current is shown by the arrows overlapping the conductive pins. As a result, the current is caused to flow from the second axial end face 29b to the first axial end face 29a via the conductive segments 31B in the third layer C3 of the slot EP, as shown by the arrow F2.

[0118] The conductive segment 31B occupying the third layer C3 in the slot EP forms part of the conductive pin 31 belonging to the second group of pins, so that the conductive segment extends through the elbow joint 31C on the first axial end face 29a to the conductive segment 31A occupying the first layer C1 in the slot E-2P, which is separated by a spacing P relative to the slot EP and in a direction opposite to the first orientation direction. Therefore, the current is caused to flow from the first axial end face 29a to the second axial end face 29b via the conductive segment 31A in the first layer C1 of the slot E-2P, as shown by the arrow F4.

[0119] It should be understood that for a given phase, the pins are staggered continuously around the entire circumference of the stator and for simplicity of illustration Fig. 9 After the current has basically been flowing around the stator, the above description will be Fig. 9 Restart at the solid line between slots E+P and E+2P.

[0120] At this stage, winding continuity is achieved by connecting the free end 31F of the conductive segment 31A occupying the first layer C1 in the slot E+2P to the free end 30F of the conductive segment 30A occupying the second layer C2 in the slot E+P, the ends 31F, 30F being arranged side by side in the radial direction and being electrically connected via a contact point 35 on the second axial end face 29a.

[0121] Therefore, the current forms a loop in the first directional direction, and flows from the second axial end face 29b to the first axial end face 29a via the conductive segment 30A of the conductive pin 30 of the first group of pins in the second layer C2 of the slot E+P, as shown by the arrow F3, and then flows through the elbow joint 30C of the conductive pin 30, and then flows from the first axial end face 29a to the second axial end face 29b in the fourth layer C4 of the slot E+2P via the conductive segment 30B of the conductive pin 30. As can be seen from the above, in the slot E+2P, the currents flowing in the first layer C1 and the fourth layer C4 all flow in the same direction.

[0122] The current then flows continuously in a direction opposite to the first directional direction, through the contact point 35, to the conductive segment 31B housed in the third layer C3 of the slot E+P, and then through the elbow joint 31C to the conductive segment 31A of the same conductive pin 31 in the first layer C1 of the slot E.

[0123] At this stage, the current flows along the contact point 35 from the second axial end face 29b via the conductive segment 32A of the connecting pin 32 in the second layer C2 of the slot E toward the first axial end face 29a, and then flows along the elbow joint 32C via the conductive segment 32B of the connecting pin 32 in the third layer C3 of the slot E+P from the first axial end face 29a toward the second axial end face 29b.

[0124] According to the above description, the continuity of the winding is achieved by the conductive segments from the first layer C1 to the third layer C3 and from the fourth layer C4 to the second layer C2 on the elbow joint side forming part of the conductive pin, and through the contact points 35, especially welds, from the second layer C2 to the first layer C1 and from the third layer C3 to the fourth layer C4, thereby achieving the current flow in the same direction in each slot.

[0125] Then, according to the above description, the current is made to flow from one conductive pin to another until it flows into the slot EP in the first layer C1, in which the conductive segment 33A of the power pin 33 is arranged, forming the current output of the phase shown through its power terminal 33G.

[0126] The invention is particularly applicable in the field of alternators, starter-alternators, electric motors or even reversible electrical machines, but it can equally be applied to any type of rotating electrical machine.

[0127] Of course, the above description is provided by way of example only and does not limit the field of the present invention, which will not be deviated by replacing different elements with any other equivalent elements.

Claims

1. An electrical winding of an active part formed by a stator or a rotor for a rotating electrical machine (10), the active part comprising a body (21) having an annular yoke (27) around an axis (X) and a plurality of teeth (28), the teeth extending in radial direction from the sides of the yoke so as to define slots (22), the slots opening into a first axial end face (29a) and a second axial end face (29b) of the body; the electrical winding (24) having at least one phase system, the phase system comprising a plurality of electrical phases, each electrical phase comprising a set of pins (30, 31, 32, 33, 34) electrically connected to one another, and each pin having at least one conductive segment (30A, 30B, 31A, 31B, 32A, 32B, 33A, 34A), the conductive segment Suitable for being accommodated in the same slot forming N layer (Ci), the group pins include at least one first power pin (33) and a second power pin (34), each power pin forms a phase input or output, each power pin includes a power terminal (33G, 34G) extending from the relevant conductive segment (33A, 34A) to the outside of the slot, the winding is characterized in that at least a part of the first power terminal (33G) is arranged on the inner periphery of the winding, the first power terminal extends to the conductive segment (33A) arranged in the outer layer, and at least a part of the second power terminal (34G) is arranged on the outer periphery of the winding, the second power terminal extends to the conductive segment (34A) arranged in the inner layer, the inner periphery is closer to the axis (X) than the outer periphery, and the inner layer and the outer layer form an edge layer.

2. The electric winding according to claim 1, characterized in that The conductive segments (33A, 34A) of the first and second power pins are respectively arranged in the outer layer (C1) and the inner layer (C4) of the same slot (22).

3. An electrical winding as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that The first power supply terminal (33G) and the second power supply terminal (34G) are spaced apart from each other in a circumferential direction.

4. The electric winding according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The first and second power terminals (33G, 34G) each have a link portion (33G1, 34G1) adjacent to the associated conductive segment (33A, 34A), a connection portion (33G3, 34G3) suitable for connecting to an electronic component of the motor, and an intersection portion (33G2, 34G2) arranged between the associated link portion and connection portion, the link portion and connection portion of the same power terminal being located on opposite sides of the intersection portion of the same power terminal in the radial direction, and the intersection portions (33G2, 34G2) of the first and second power terminals extending facing each other in the circumferential direction.

5. The electric winding according to claim 4, characterized in that The pins (30, 31, 32, 33, 34) are adapted to form bundles (25a, 25b) on either side of the axial end faces (29a, 29b) of the stator body (21), respectively, and the cross portions (33G2, 34G2) are axially arranged at a distance from the bundles.

6. The electric winding according to claim 4, characterized in that The cross section (33G2, 34G2) extends between the outer periphery and the inner periphery of the winding.

7. The electric winding according to claim 6, characterized in that The intersection portion (33G2, 34G2) extends in a radial center portion between the outer periphery and the inner periphery of the winding.

8. The electric winding according to claim 4, characterized in that A first group (36) arranged on one of the outer and inner circumferences of the winding and composed of power pins of different phases includes at least one power terminal (33G, 34G) having a cross portion (33G2, 34G2) and at least one other power terminal (33G, 34G) without a cross portion (33G2, 34G2), and a second group (37) arranged on a circumference of the winding different from the first group (36) and composed of power pins of different phases includes at least one power terminal (33G, 34G) having a cross portion (33G2, 34G2) and at least one other power terminal (33G, 34G) without a cross portion (33G2, 34G2).

9. The electric winding according to claim 8, characterized in that In a group (36, 37) including at least three first power supply terminals (33G, 34G), only two or one of the first power supply terminals have a crossover portion (33G2, 34G2).

10. The electric winding according to claim 9, characterized in that When the group (36, 37) includes two power terminals (33G, 34G) having cross portions (33G2, 34G2), the power terminal without the cross portion is circumferentially arranged between the power terminals with the cross portion, and when the group (36, 37) includes one power terminal (33G, 34G) having a cross portion (33G2, 34G2), the power terminal with the cross portion is circumferentially arranged between the power terminals without the cross portion.

11. A rotating electrical machine comprising an active part formed by a stator or a rotor, comprising an electrical winding (24) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.

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