A bionic degradable triboelectric nanogenerator and its preparation method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a bionic degradable triboelectric nanogenerator and a preparation method thereof. The triboelectric nanogenerator uses woven bamboo fiber cloth as the positive friction material and cotton cloth as the negative friction material. Through the contact separation between the two friction materials, an alternating current is generated by using the triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction to achieve power generation. Bamboo fiber is not only degradable and low-cost, but also has good flexibility and friction performance, and can still maintain good performance under certain bending and torsion, which helps to improve the power transmission performance of the product; moreover, the preparation process of the triboelectric nanogenerator disclosed in this application is simple, and the preparation efficiency is significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of triboelectric nanogenerators, and particularly relates to a bionic degradable triboelectric nanogenerator and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, countries around the world are generally facing the problem of depletion of traditional energy within their territories, and there is an urgent need for the development and utilization of new energy. Although new energy has advantages such as being renewable and having high cleanliness, new energy sources such as wind energy, mechanical energy, and tidal energy are intermittent and uncontrollable. Therefore, it is necessary to collect and convert them before use.

[0003] The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a new type of power generation device born under this background. Its emergence has brought new ideas for the development of new energy in the world. TENG generates charge transfer through friction or contact and separation of triboelectric materials with positive and negative polarities, and then generates current. Specifically, through the triboelectrification effect and electrostatic induction, a potential difference is generated by friction between two electrode materials with different electron-binding abilities. For the external circuit to achieve potential balance, electron flow transfer will occur, and thus current will be generated in the external circuit.

[0004] In terms of structure, triboelectric nanogenerators mainly have four modes, namely sliding triboelectric nanogenerators, contact-separation triboelectric nanogenerators, single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerators, and inductive triboelectric nanogenerators. The contact-separation triboelectric nanogenerator collects mechanical energy generated by actions such as pressing and converts it into electrical energy. It has a simple structure and is convenient to use in the process, and has been widely used in the power generation field. In terms of materials, the main positive and negative electrode materials of traditional triboelectric nanogenerators are synthetic polymer materials such as nylon, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Although the electrical output performance of such materials meets the requirements, the degradability of the materials is poor. Widespread use will cause a burden on the environment, and the preparation cost of such materials is relatively high, which does not meet the requirements of the current sustainable development route.

[0005] Based on the above problems, triboelectric nanogenerators prepared from bionic degradable materials have emerged as the times require. For example, a preparation method of a sisal fiber paper-based triboelectric nanogenerator disclosed in Chinese Patent CN 112593436 A uses sisal fiber to extract cellulose to prepare the positive electrode material of the generator, with low raw material cost and significantly improved environmental friendliness. However, the triboelectric negative material used in this generator is still a traditional material, and the maximum short-circuit current of the prepared finished product is still relatively low, and the power transmission performance still needs to be further improved. At the same time, the preparation steps of the generator disclosed in this scheme are still relatively cumbersome, and there are certain deficiencies in the preparation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a bionic degradable triboelectric nanogenerator and a preparation method thereof. The overall preparation process is simple, and the materials used are all low-cost and degradable environmentally friendly materials. The obtained finished product shows good electrical output performance and can be used to light up diodes for decoration and connection to energy storage devices such as capacitors for power supply.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is: a preparation method of a bionic degradable triboelectric nanogenerator, specifically including the following steps:

[0008] 1) Cut the bamboo into thin slices, and then cut the bamboo slices into thin strips;

[0009] 2) Weave the thin bamboo fibers into a bamboo fiber cloth as the positive friction material;

[0010] 3) Cut the cotton cloth into the same size as the bamboo fiber cloth as the negative friction material;

[0011] 4) Paste a layer of aluminum film on the bamboo fiber cloth obtained in step 2), lead out a wire, and fix it to an acrylic board as the friction positive electrode of the triboelectric nanogenerator;

[0012] 5) Paste a layer of aluminum film on the cotton cloth obtained in step 3), lead out a wire, and fix it to another acrylic board as the friction negative electrode of the triboelectric nanogenerator;

[0013] 6) Connect the friction positive electrode and the friction negative electrode with a spring and make the positions of the bamboo fiber cloth and the cotton cloth correspond to complete the preparation of the triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0014] Further, in step 1), the thickness of the obtained thin bamboo slices is 2 mm and the width is 5 mm.

[0015] Further, in step 2), the thin bamboo fibers are made into a bamboo fiber cloth by using a plain weave method.

[0016] Further, in step 2), the size of the woven bamboo fiber cloth is 10 cm × 10 cm.

[0017] Further, the bamboo fiber cloth prepared in step 2) needs to be rolled flat by a hydraulic press after weaving.

[0018] The triboelectric nanogenerator prepared according to the above method uses bamboo fiber cloth as the positive triboelectric material and cotton cloth as the negative triboelectric material. Through the contact and separation between the two triboelectric materials, alternating current is generated by the triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction to achieve power generation.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0020] 1. The triboelectric nanogenerator disclosed in this application is a contact-separation type, which can collect mechanical energy generated by actions such as pressing and convert it into electrical energy. The positive and negative triboelectric materials of the triboelectric nanogenerator are self-woven bamboo fiber cloth and cotton cloth respectively. Both pole materials are bionic and biodegradable materials, with low raw material costs and significantly improved environmental protection. Moreover, bamboo fiber has good flexibility and triboelectric properties, and can still maintain good performance under certain bending and twisting effects, which helps to improve the power transmission performance of the product;

[0021] 2. The preparation process of the triboelectric nanogenerator disclosed in this application is simple and can be completed only through a simple physical assembly process without doping complex chemical treatment steps, resulting in a significant improvement in preparation efficiency;

[0022] 3. The relevant parameters in the preparation scheme of the triboelectric nanogenerator disclosed in this application are determined after multiple rounds of experiments and strict screening. The electrical output performance of the obtained product is maintained at a relatively high level. The maximum short-circuit current of the obtained triboelectric nanogenerator can reach 40 μA, and the maximum open-circuit voltage can reach 150 V. It can be used to light up diodes for decoration and connect energy storage devices such as capacitors for power supply;

[0023] 4. Since the amount of charge generated between the triboelectric materials is different under different frequency beatings, the triboelectric nanogenerator prepared in this application is also expected to be used in some sensor devices for detection. Description of the Drawings

[0024] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a bionic and biodegradable triboelectric nanogenerator;

[0025] Figure 2 is an open-circuit voltage spectrum obtained by beating the triboelectric nanogenerator at a frequency of 5 Hz in Example 1;

[0026] Figure 3 is a short-circuit current spectrum obtained by beating the triboelectric nanogenerator at a frequency of 5 Hz in Example 1;

[0027] Figure 4 is the output power spectrum obtained by tapping the triboelectric nanogenerator at a frequency of 5 Hz in Example 1;

[0028] Among them, 1 - bamboo fiber cloth, 2 - cotton cloth, 3 - aluminum film, 4 - acrylic board. Detailed implementation manners

[0029] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but are not limited thereto. Any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention shall be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1. Preparation of a bionic degradable triboelectric nanogenerator

[0031] Cut the moso bamboo into thin slices with thicknesses of 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm respectively, and then splice these thin slices with different thicknesses into a 5 cm × 5 cm square. Use them as the negative friction material and the aluminum film as the positive friction material to make a simple triboelectric nanogenerator. By comparing their open-circuit voltages, it is found that the performance of the 2-mm-thick moso bamboo thin slice is better.

[0032] Thickness of Moso bamboo 1mm 2mm 3mm 4mm 5mm Open-circuit voltage 60V 80V 65V 50V 20V

[0033] Therefore, in this example, thin slices with a thickness of 2 mm are selected for subsequent experiments, and the specific process is as follows:

[0034] 1) Cut the moso bamboo into thin slices with a thickness of 2 mm, and then cut the thin slices into strips with a width of 5 mm;

[0035] 2) Weave the thin moso bamboo fibers into a 10 cm × 10 cm bamboo fiber cloth by plain weave. The woven bamboo fiber cloth should ensure precision and preferably have as few visible gaps as possible. Use it as the positive friction material; the prepared bamboo fiber cloth should be as flat as possible so as to obtain a larger friction area during contact separation; in order to improve flatness, hydraulic equipment such as a hydraulic press can be used to pre-roll the woven bamboo fiber cloth.

[0036] 3) Cut the cotton cloth (select the cotton cloth type as flannelette, and after measurement, the thickness of the cotton cloth is 0.85 mm) into a size of 10 cm × 10 cm, corresponding to the size of the bamboo fiber cloth prepared in step 2), and use it as the negative friction material;

[0037] 4) Paste a layer of aluminum film on the bamboo fiber cloth obtained in step 2), and lead out a wire, and fix it to an acrylic board to be used as the friction positive electrode of the triboelectric nanogenerator;

[0038] 5) Paste a layer of aluminum film on the cotton cloth obtained in step 3), lead out a wire, and fix it to another acrylic board as the friction negative electrode of the triboelectric nanogenerator;

[0039] 6) Connect the friction positive electrode and the friction negative electrode with a spring and make the positions of the bamboo fiber cloth and the cotton cloth correspond to complete the preparation of the triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0040] The structure of the triboelectric nanogenerator is as Figure 1 shown. The wire on the positive friction material is led out from between the aluminum film and the bamboo fiber cloth, and the wire on the negative friction material is led out from between the aluminum film and the cotton cloth.

[0041] Tap the triboelectric nanogenerator at a frequency of 5 Hz. The open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and instantaneous output power diagrams are as Figures 2 - 4 shown. It can be seen from the figure that the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and instantaneous output power of this triboelectric nanogenerator are 150 V, 40 μA, and 2 mW respectively.

[0042] Using the above-prepared bionic triboelectric nanogenerator, under the condition of a frequency of 1 Hz, capacitors of 10 pF and 50 pF are charged respectively for 1 minute, and the charging voltages are observed to be 0.8 V and 1.5 V respectively. Under the same conditions, the bionic triboelectric nanogenerator is tapped 8000 times, and it is observed that the performance of the bionic triboelectric nanogenerator has no obvious change.

[0043] The bionic triboelectric nanogenerator prepared in this example can light 100 series-connected LED lights. The electrical output of the bionic triboelectric nanogenerator is used to store in a charged capacitor to realize the power supply for electronic devices.

[0044] Without being affected by other factors, the bionic triboelectric nanogenerator prepared in this example is tapped at frequencies of 2 Hz, 3 Hz, 4 Hz, 5 Hz, and 6 Hz respectively. The generated open-circuit voltages are 50 V, 80 V, 120 V, 150 V, and 100 V respectively; the short-circuit currents are 10 μA, 16 μA, 34 μA, 40 μA, and 30 μA respectively. Under tapping at different frequencies, the amount of charge generated between the friction materials is also different. According to this characteristic, this generator can be used in some sensors for detection.

[0045] Example 2: Preparation of a bionic degradable triboelectric nanogenerator

[0046] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the sizes of the prepared bamboo fiber cloth positive electrode material and cotton cloth negative electrode material are 8 cm × 8 cm, and the other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. Different sizes of the positive and negative friction materials will cause differences in the friction area, and thus the power generation performance of the triboelectric nanogenerator will also change. After testing, the maximum open-circuit voltage and the maximum output power of the triboelectric nanogenerator under this size are 133 V and 1.8 mW, respectively.

[0047] Example 3. Preparation of a bionic degradable triboelectric nanogenerator

[0048] The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that the sizes of the prepared bamboo fiber cloth positive electrode material and cotton cloth negative electrode material are 5 cm × 5 cm, and the other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. After testing, the maximum open-circuit voltage of the triboelectric nanogenerator under this size is 100 V.

[0049] The following table lists the maximum open-circuit voltages of the triboelectric nanogenerators prepared in the three examples. It can be directly seen from the table that the maximum open-circuit voltage of the triboelectric nanogenerator is the highest when the sizes of the bamboo fiber cloth positive electrode material and the cotton cloth negative electrode material are 10 cm × 10 cm. This also proves that different friction areas will cause obvious changes in electrical properties.

[0050] Friction area 5cm × 5cm 8cm × 8cm 10cm × 10cm Maximum open-circuit voltage (V) 100V 133V 150V

[0051] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be similarly included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a bionic degradable triboelectric nanogenerator, characterized in that, Specifically, it includes the following steps: 1) Cut the moso bamboo into thin slices, and then cut the thin moso bamboo slices into thin strips. The thickness of the thin strip-shaped moso bamboo slices is 2 mm, and the width is 5 mm; 2) Weave the thin strip-shaped bamboo fibers into a bamboo fiber cloth as the positive friction material. The size of the bamboo fiber cloth is 10 cm × 10 cm; 3) Cut the cotton cloth into the same size as the bamboo fiber cloth as the negative friction material; 4) Paste a layer of aluminum film on the bamboo fiber cloth obtained in step 2), and lead out a wire, and fix it to an acrylic board as the friction positive electrode of the triboelectric nanogenerator; 5) Paste a layer of aluminum film on the cotton cloth obtained in step 3), lead out a wire, and fix it to another acrylic board as the friction negative electrode of the triboelectric nanogenerator; 6) Connect the friction positive electrode and the friction negative electrode with a spring and make the positions of the bamboo fiber cloth and the cotton cloth correspond to each other, that is, the preparation of the triboelectric nanogenerator is completed.

2. The preparation method of a bionic degradable triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 2), the thin strip-shaped bamboo fibers are made into a bamboo fiber cloth by using the plain weave method.

3. The preparation method of a bionic degradable triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 2, wherein, The bamboo fiber cloth prepared in step 2) needs to be rolled flat by a hydraulic press after weaving.

4. A triboelectric nanogenerator prepared by the method for preparing a bionic degradable triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, It uses the bamboo fiber cloth as the positive friction material and the cotton cloth as the negative friction material. Through the contact and separation between the two friction materials, the alternating current is generated by using the triboelectrification effect and electrostatic induction to achieve power generation.

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