Distributed intelligent sensing and coordinated regulation and control method based on micro-grid operating state

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of micro-grid control, and particularly relates to a distributed intelligent sensing and coordinated regulation and control method based on the operating state of a micro-grid, and the specific steps include: each micro-grid distributed monitoring unit locally monitors and collects the operating data of the renewable energy units, energy storage units and load units of the micro-grid and uploads the data to the corresponding micro-grid distributed intelligent controller; each micro-grid distributed intelligent controller continuously packs the monitoring and collected operating data of the current period, the smart contract and the generated regulation and control plan data of the next period of the micro-grid into the block body of the block chain; the micro-grid group and the micro-grid state are sensed; the regulation and control plan of the micro-grid is formulated; the regulation and control instructions of the micro-grid are issued to the corresponding micro-grid distributed monitoring unit for execution, so as to realize the local micro-grid operation regulation and control based on the cluster collaborative operation stand. The present application is beneficial to the cluster collaborative operation of multiple point dispersed micro-grids with different construction times and different distributed electrical positions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of microgrid control technology, specifically relating to a distributed intelligent sensing and coordinated control method based on the operating status of a microgrid. Background Technology

[0002] Microgrids, as an effective means of comprehensive utilization of distributed generation, have been widely used with the continuous increase in renewable energy penetration, showing a trend of multi-point dispersion in construction time and space. However, when a single microgrid is operating, it is difficult to ensure sufficient consumption of new energy and safe operation of the system because it cannot utilize the distributed resources of other microgrids. This makes the need for multi-point dispersed microgrids to be clustered and operated collaboratively increasingly urgent. In particular, multiple isolated microgrids with relatively close electrical distances can achieve the purpose of energy mutual assistance and collaborative operation by forming a microgrid group and controlling it in a unified manner. Regarding the control problem of microgrid groups, in terms of control system construction, existing technologies usually adopt a three-layer control structure: local unit layer, microgrid control layer, and group centralized control center layer. To achieve collaborative operation among the microgrids within the group, it is necessary to rely on the operating data of each microgrid collected by the group control center to realize inter-grid energy mutual assistance and control by optimizing the decision-making to formulate the PCC interactive power plan of each microgrid. This control system structure with a group control center is too centralized and compact, with high construction costs, and is not conducive to the clustered collaborative operation of multi-point dispersed microgrids with different construction times and electrical locations. Furthermore, the centralized data storage method of the group control center has drawbacks such as lack of redundant data backup and high security risks. Once a failure occurs or a network attack occurs, the entire system faces the risk of paralysis. In addition, from the perspective of microgrid group control strategy formulation methods, existing research mostly involves establishing optimization control models and using certain optimization algorithms to formulate control strategies. However, this has problems such as redundant and complex solution processes, the curse of dimensionality, low optimization computation efficiency, and susceptibility to getting trapped in local optima, making it difficult to meet the real-time requirements of microgrid group operation under complex working conditions.

[0003] Blockchain technology, as an emerging underlying distributed database technology, offers new ideas for the collaborative operation of multi-point distributed microgrids due to its decentralized, distributed data sharing, security, reliability, and programmable smart contracts. In reality, each multi-point distributed microgrid possesses its own centralized controller and other devices for local control of its distributed units. If these controllers can be fully utilized as distributed control terminals, and blockchain's decentralized distributed information sharing technology can be leveraged to achieve distributed collaborative control of multiple microgrids, it becomes an efficient and practical solution for the coordinated operation of multi-point distributed microgrids, with broad application prospects. However, currently, there is no intelligent sensing and coordinated control method that combines blockchain with microgrid control. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a distributed intelligent sensing and coordinated control method based on the operating status of a microgrid, the specific technical solution of which is as follows:

[0005] A distributed intelligent sensing and coordinated control method based on the operating status of microgrids includes the following steps:

[0006] Step S1: Each microgrid distributed monitoring unit locally monitors and collects the operating data of the renewable energy / energy storage unit / load unit of its own microgrid, and uploads the collected operating data of the renewable energy / energy storage unit / load unit of its own microgrid to the corresponding microgrid distributed smart controller in real time.

[0007] In step S2, each microgrid distributed smart controller continuously packages the current period's operating data, smart contracts, and the generated control plan data for the next period of the microgrid, collected by the microgrid distributed monitoring unit, into a block on the blockchain. Through consensus and reward / punishment mechanisms, the competition for the right to produce blocks on the blockchain is realized, and the newly generated blocks are shared on the chain so that all microgrid distributed smart controllers can download the required data information.

[0008] Step S3: Each microgrid distributed smart controller downloads the smart contract stored in any block of the blockchain, as well as the operating data of other microgrids in the microgrid group required for microgrid group and microgrid status perception. Combined with the operating data collected by the microgrid distributed monitoring unit of this microgrid, and based on the microgrid operating status intelligent perception rule base in the smart contract, it performs local microgrid operating status intelligent perception from the perspective of energy mutual assistance within the group.

[0009] Step S4: Each microgrid distributed smart controller, based on the sensed microgrid group and the operating status of the microgrid, and using the control strategy knowledge base for each state in the smart contract, completes the formulation of the microgrid control plan.

[0010] In step S5, each microgrid distributed intelligent controller sends the control instructions of its own microgrid to the corresponding microgrid distributed monitoring unit for execution, thereby realizing the local microgrid operation control based on the perspective of cluster collaborative operation.

[0011] Preferably, step S2, which implements the competition for blockchain block production rights through consensus and reward / punishment mechanisms, specifically includes the following steps:

[0012] (1) Each microgrid distributed smart controller node packages and generates new blocks according to the data structure of the blockchain, and competes for the right to produce blocks using the PoP consensus mechanism;

[0013] (2) The microgrid distributed smart controller node that successfully obtains the right to produce a block will link the new block into the blockchain in sequence. When linking, it must be recognized by the consensus of all microgrid distributed smart controller nodes. If the recognition is successful, the new block will be successfully produced and put on the chain. The microgrid distributed smart controller node will receive a certain reward so that it will have a competitive advantage in the right to produce a block in the next cycle. Otherwise, the new block will be invalidated, and the microgrid distributed smart controller node will be penalized so that its probability of producing a block will be reduced in the next cycle.

[0014] (3) The microgrid distributed smart controller node that successfully produces a block exits the competition for this cycle. The blockchain adjusts the consensus difficulty coefficient to ensure that each microgrid distributed smart controller node can successfully produce a block and upload it to the chain. Then, the remaining microgrid distributed smart controller nodes in the group compete to produce a block and upload it to the chain again according to the above process until all microgrid distributed smart controller nodes successfully upload the new block packaged by them. Then, the sharing of microgrid group data information on the chain for this cycle is completed.

[0015] Preferably, the PoP consensus mechanism is specifically based on a microgrid. PCC The interaction power and the energy storage state of charge (SOC) value are combined, that is, each distributed smart controller node competes for the block-producing right through the following formula (1):

[0016] (1)

[0017] In the formula: It is a hash encryption algorithm; It is a random number; In the block header, except Other data besides the version number, the previous block header hash, the current block generation timestamp, and the Merkle root hash; Indicates the connection between data; This represents the target difficulty threshold for hash encryption; the smaller the threshold, the harder it is to find a random value that meets the criteria. a and b It is the consensus difficulty adjustment coefficient, which is automatically adjusted by the blockchain according to the progress of the block production right competition. For microgrids PCC interaction power; For microgrids The energy storage state of charge.

[0018] Preferably, the data required for the microgrid distributed intelligent controller to perform microgrid group and microgrid status perception in step S3 includes the data for each microgrid in the current time period. Switch status, group Switch status, power generation of each renewable energy source in each microgrid, state of charge (SOC) of each energy storage unit in each microgrid, and power consumption of each load unit in each microgrid.

[0019] Preferably, the microgrid distributed intelligent controller performs microgrid group state perception specifically based on the microgrid group... Switches and microgrids The formula for determining and recognizing the open / closed state of a switch is as follows:

[0020] ;

[0021] In the formula: n This represents the number of microgrids contained in the microgrid group; microgrid i of Switch status; Indicates micro-network group Switch status: 0 indicates open, 1 indicates closed.

[0022] Preferably, the steps for the microgrid distributed intelligent controller to perceive the microgrid's operating status are as follows:

[0023] (1) Determine whether the microgrid group is in grid-connected or off-grid state, and further determine whether the microgrids within the microgrid group are all in parallel or partially in parallel state; if the microgrid group is in grid-connected state and all microgrids are operating in parallel, proceed to step (2); if the microgrid group is in off-grid state and all microgrids are operating in parallel, proceed to step (3); if the microgrid group is in grid-connected state and some microgrids are operating in parallel, or if the microgrid group is in off-grid state and some microgrids are operating in parallel, proceed to step (4).

[0024] (2) Sequentially determine whether the total power generation and total power consumption in the microgrid group are balanced, whether the total power generation and total power consumption in each microgrid are balanced, and determine the energy storage charge status of the microgrid, so as to further perceive the specific status of all microgrids operating in parallel under the grid connection state of the microgrid group;

[0025] (3) Sequentially determine whether the total power generation and total power consumption in the microgrid group are balanced, determine whether the total power generation and total power consumption in each microgrid are balanced, determine whether the energy storage of the microgrid is the energy storage of the group leader, and determine the energy storage charge status of the microgrid, so as to further perceive the specific status of all microgrids operating in parallel under the off-grid state of the microgrid group;

[0026] (4) Sequentially determine whether the total power generation and total power consumption in each microgrid are balanced, determine the energy storage charge status of the microgrid, and further perceive the specific state of the microgrid group, whether it is a grid-connected state or an off-grid state.

[0027] Preferably, the method for determining whether the total power generation and total power consumption within the microgrid group are balanced is as follows: by comparing the total renewable energy power generation within the microgrid group. Total power consumption of the load The magnitude of the difference indicates whether the microgrid cluster as a whole is in a state of renewable energy surplus or renewable energy shortage; the total renewable energy power generation within the microgrid cluster. Total power consumption of the load Calculated by the following formula:

[0028] (2)

[0029] In the formula: This refers to the number of microgrids operating in parallel within the microgrid group. The total renewable energy generation capacity of the microgrid cluster; For microgrids operating in parallel within the group i The renewable energy generation capacity is obtained by summing the generation capacity of each wind turbine and photovoltaic unit within the microgrid; This represents the total power consumption of the microgrid group load. For microgrids operating in parallel within the group i The total load power is obtained by summing the power of each rigid load, interruptible load, reduceable load, and shiftable load within the microgrid.

[0030] Preferably, the balance between total power generation and total power consumption in each microgrid is mainly determined by the total renewable energy generation capacity in a microgrid operating in parallel. With various types of load power The comparison between these two types of loads indicates which types of loads can absorb the renewable energy in the microgrid after prioritizing the power supply to each type of load. The power supply priority for each type of load is ranked from highest to lowest as follows: rigid loads... Transferable load It can reduce the load. and interruptible load ;

[0031] Microgrid total power generation / consumption balance state stratification and Calculated by the following formula:

[0032] ;

[0033] In the formula: This represents the total renewable energy generation capacity within a microgrid operating in parallel. This indicates the wind turbine unit within the microgrid. i The power generation capacity; This indicates the photovoltaic units within the microgrid. i The power generation capacity; This represents the total power of all loads within the microgrid; For rigid loads within this microgrid i The power; Interruptible loads within the microgrid i The power; For load reduction within this microgrid i The power; For the loads that can be moved within this microgrid i The power; This represents the number of wind turbine units within the microgrid. This represents the number of photovoltaic units within the microgrid. This represents the number of rigid loads within the microgrid. The number of loads that can be reduced within this microgrid; The number of loads that can be reduced within this microgrid. This represents the number of loads that can be moved within the microgrid.

[0034] Preferably, the method for determining the state of charge (SOC) of energy storage in a microgrid is as follows: The SOC is determined by checking whether the current SOC of energy storage in a parallel-operating microgrid is higher than its SOC limit. The SOC classification formula is as follows:

[0035] ;

[0036] In the formula: This represents the energy storage state of charge of the microgrid; This represents the lower limit of the energy storage state of charge of the microgrid.

[0037] Preferably, the method for determining whether the microgrid energy storage is the main energy storage in step (3) is as follows: by comparing the remaining energy of the energy storage of all microgrids participating in parallel operation under the off-grid state, the energy storage with the largest remaining energy is selected as the main energy storage.

[0038] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By leveraging the decentralized and trustworthy distributed shared database attributes of blockchain, each microgrid distributed smart controller node can conveniently obtain various operating data shared by other microgrids within the group from the blockchain. Combined with the collected local microgrid operating data, the local microgrid operating status is intelligently perceived based on the microgrid operating status intelligent perception rule base in the blockchain smart contract, taking into account the energy mutual assistance within the group. This enables distributed intelligent perception of the microgrid group operating status at each microgrid distributed smart controller node, as well as intelligent identification of the operating status of the local microgrid. Attached Figure Description

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a system schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the blockchain block generation process based on consensus and reward / punishment mechanisms;

[0043] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the microgrid cluster's operational state space partitioning;

[0044] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the fine spatial division of the operating states of microgrids operating in parallel under a group grid-connected state;

[0045] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the fine spatial division of the operating states of microgrids operating in parallel under off-grid conditions;

[0046] Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating the fine division of the operating state space for microgrids operating in an islanded manner. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] It should be understood that, when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0049] It should also be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0050] It should also be further understood that the term "and / or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0051] like Figure 1As shown, a specific embodiment of the present invention provides a distributed intelligent sensing and coordinated control method based on the operating status of a microgrid, including the following steps:

[0052] Step S1: Each microgrid distributed monitoring unit locally monitors and collects the operating data of the renewable energy / energy storage unit / load unit of its own microgrid, and uploads the collected operating data of the renewable energy / energy storage unit / load unit of its own microgrid to the corresponding microgrid distributed smart controller in real time.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, several microgrid distributed monitoring units are connected to several microgrid distributed intelligent controllers; the several microgrid distributed intelligent controllers are connected to a blockchain; each microgrid may have one microgrid distributed monitoring unit and one microgrid distributed intelligent controller. Each microgrid has a data collection area to be formed into blocks, which is connected to the microgrid distributed monitoring unit and the microgrid distributed intelligent controller of the microgrid, and is used to store the current time period operation data of the renewable energy / energy storage units / load units of the microgrid monitored and collected by the microgrid distributed monitoring unit.

[0054] In step S2, each microgrid distributed smart controller continuously packages the current period's operating data, smart contracts, and the generated control plan data for the next period of the microgrid, collected by the microgrid distributed monitoring unit, into a block on the blockchain. Through consensus and reward / punishment mechanisms, the blockchain block-producing rights are competed for, and the newly generated blocks are shared on the chain so that all microgrid distributed smart controllers can download the required data information.

[0055] The basic building block of a blockchain—the block—is essentially a collection of data required for the intelligent sensing and coordinated operation of each microgrid. A block mainly consists of two parts: ① A block header, which links to previous blocks and provides integrity to the blockchain. The block header contains a version number, the hash value of the previous block header, the timestamp of the current block's generation, the Merkle root hash value, and a random number; ② The block body, which records the current operating data of the microgrid collected by smart contracts and distributed smart controller nodes, as well as the generated control plan data for the next operating period. Specifically, smart contracts include a rule base for intelligent sensing of the microgrid's operating status and a knowledge base for formulating control strategies for each operating state; the current operating data consists of the current operating data of the renewable energy / energy storage units / load units of the microgrid collected by the distributed smart controller; the control plan for the next operating period includes the intelligently sensed microgrid group status, the microgrid operating status, the next operating period PCC interactive power plan, the next operating period energy storage charging and discharging power plan, and the next operating period controllable load control plan.

[0056] The data recorded in the block body is hashed using a Merkle tree to generate a unique Merkle root hash, which is then recorded in the block header, ensuring the immutability of the data. Furthermore, the generated blocks are linked together in numerical order, forming a chain. If the value in any block is tampered with, the values ​​in all subsequent blocks will change accordingly. This mutual verification between blocks prevents information tampering and ensures the security of distributed data sharing within the blockchain. This is beneficial for the coordinated operation of multi-point distributed microgrids built at different times and located in different electrical locations.

[0057] like Figure 2 As shown, the specific steps involved in achieving competition for blockchain block production rights through consensus and reward / punishment mechanisms are as follows:

[0058] (1) Each microgrid distributed smart controller node packages and generates new blocks according to the data structure of the blockchain, and competes for the right to produce blocks using the PoP consensus mechanism;

[0059] (2) The microgrid distributed smart controller node that successfully obtains the right to produce a block will link the new block into the blockchain in sequence. When linking, it must be recognized by the consensus of all microgrid distributed smart controller nodes. If the recognition is successful, the new block will be successfully produced and put on the chain. The microgrid distributed smart controller node will receive a certain reward so that it will have a competitive advantage in the right to produce a block in the next cycle. Otherwise, the new block will be invalidated, and the microgrid distributed smart controller node will be penalized so that its probability of producing a block will be reduced in the next cycle.

[0060] (3) The microgrid distributed smart controller node that successfully produces a block exits the competition for this cycle. The blockchain adjusts the consensus difficulty coefficient to ensure that each microgrid distributed smart controller node can successfully produce a block and upload it to the chain. Then, the remaining microgrid distributed smart controller nodes in the group compete to produce a block and upload it to the chain again according to the above process until all microgrid distributed smart controller nodes successfully upload the new block packaged by them. Then, the sharing of microgrid group data information on the chain for this cycle is completed.

[0061] The PoP (proof of PCC) consensus mechanism is specifically based on microgrids. PCC The interaction power and the energy storage state of charge (SOC) value are combined, that is, each distributed smart controller node competes for the right to produce blocks through the following formula (1):

[0062] (1)

[0063] In the formula: It is a hash encryption algorithm; It is a random number; In the block header, except Other data besides the version number, the previous block header hash, the current block generation timestamp, and the Merkle root hash; Indicates the connection between data; This represents the target difficulty threshold for hash encryption; the smaller the threshold, the harder it is to find a random value that meets the criteria. a and b It is the consensus difficulty adjustment coefficient, which is automatically adjusted by the blockchain according to the progress of the block production right competition. For microgrids PCC interaction power; For microgrids The energy storage state of charge.

[0064] Smart contracts are essentially protocols defined by the distributed smart controller nodes of a microgrid. These protocols primarily consist of a smart perception rule base for the microgrid's operating status and a knowledge base of control strategies for each state of the microgrid. Each distributed smart controller node takes various operating data from the microgrid cluster at the current time as input, and responds according to the smart perception rule base for the microgrid's operating status within the blockchain smart contract. It perceives and judges the operating status of the microgrid cluster and its own microgrid, and then, based on the perceived operating status, searches the knowledge base of control strategies for each state of the microgrid within the smart contract to formulate a control strategy for its own microgrid based on the collaborative operation of the cluster.

[0065] Leveraging the decentralized, trustworthy, distributed, and shared database attributes of blockchain, each microgrid distributed smart controller node can easily obtain various operational data shared by other microgrids within the group from the blockchain. Combined with the collected local microgrid operational data, and in accordance with the microgrid operational status intelligent perception rule base in the blockchain smart contract, the local microgrid operational status is intelligently perceived from the perspective of energy mutual assistance within the group. This enables distributed intelligent perception of the microgrid group's operational status at each microgrid distributed smart controller node, as well as intelligent identification of the operational status of the local microgrid.

[0066] Step S3: Each microgrid distributed smart controller downloads the smart contract stored in any block of the blockchain, as well as the operating data of other microgrids in the microgrid group required for microgrid group and microgrid status perception. Combined with the operating data collected by the microgrid distributed monitoring unit of this microgrid, and based on the microgrid operating status intelligent perception rule base in the smart contract, it performs local microgrid operating status intelligent perception from the perspective of energy mutual assistance within the group.

[0067] The data required for the microgrid distributed intelligent controller to perform microgrid group and microgrid state perception includes the data of each microgrid in the current time period. Switch status, group Switch status, power generation of each renewable energy source in each microgrid, state of charge (SOC) of each energy storage unit in each microgrid, and power consumption of each load unit in each microgrid.

[0068] There are two main operating modes for microgrid groups: group-connected and group-offset. Both group-connected and group-offset modes are further divided into two states: all microgrids are connected in parallel, and some microgrids are disconnected. Figure 4 As shown. The microgrid distributed intelligent controller performs microgrid group state perception specifically based on the microgrid group... Switches and microgrids The formula for determining and recognizing the open / closed state of a switch is as follows:

[0069] ;

[0070] In the formula: n This represents the number of microgrids contained in the microgrid group; microgrid i of Switch status; Indicates micro-network group Switch status: 0 indicates open, 1 indicates closed.

[0071] The microgrids joining the group are based on their The switch status can be divided into two operating modes: islanded operation (corresponding to...) The switch state is divided into two modes: parallel operation and parallel operation (corresponding to...). (With the switch in the "on" state), and combined with the aforementioned operational state division of the microgrid group, the operational state space from the perspective of the microgrid can be roughly divided into: the operational state of a microgrid operating in parallel under grid-connected conditions, the operational state of a microgrid operating in parallel under off-grid conditions, and the operational state of a microgrid isolated from the grid. The steps for the microgrid distributed intelligent controller to perceive the microgrid's operational state are as follows:

[0072] (1) Determine whether the microgrid group is in grid-connected or off-grid state, and further determine whether the microgrids in the microgrid group are all in parallel or partially in parallel state; if the microgrid group is in grid-connected state and all microgrids are operating in parallel, proceed to step (2); if the microgrid group is in off-grid state and all microgrids are operating in parallel, proceed to step (3); if the microgrid group is in grid-connected state and some microgrids are operating in parallel or the microgrid group is in off-grid state and some microgrids are operating in parallel, proceed to step (4).

[0073] (2) A microgrid group is a finely divided state space of all microgrids operating in parallel under grid-connected conditions, such as... Figure 5As shown, the system sequentially determines whether the total power generation and consumption within the microgrid group are balanced, whether the total power generation and consumption within each microgrid are balanced, and the energy storage charge status of the microgrid, thereby further perceiving the specific status of all microgrids operating in parallel under the grid-connected state of the microgrid group.

[0074] The balance between total power generation and total power consumption within a microgrid cluster is primarily determined by comparing the total renewable energy power generation within the microgrid cluster. Total power consumption of the load The magnitude of the difference indicates whether the microgrid cluster is in a state of renewable energy surplus or renewable energy shortage. and Calculated by the following formula:

[0075] ;

[0076] In the formula: This refers to the number of microgrids operating in parallel within the microgrid group. The total renewable energy generation capacity of the microgrid cluster; For microgrids operating in parallel within the group i The renewable energy generation capacity is obtained by summing the generation capacity of each wind turbine and photovoltaic unit within the microgrid; This represents the total power consumption of the microgrid group load. For microgrids operating in parallel within the group i The total load power is obtained by summing the power of each rigid load, interruptible load, reduceable load, and shiftable load within the microgrid.

[0077] when This indicates that the microgrid cluster as a whole is in a state of renewable energy surplus. This indicates that the microgrid cluster as a whole is in a state of insufficient renewable energy. This indicates that the microgrid cluster is in a state of balance between total power generation and total power consumption.

[0078] Whether the total power generation and total power consumption in each microgrid are balanced is mainly determined by the total renewable energy generation capacity of a microgrid operating in parallel. With various types of load power The comparison between these two types of loads indicates which types of loads can absorb the renewable energy in the microgrid after prioritizing the power supply to each type of load. The power supply priority for each type of load, ranked from highest to lowest, is as follows: rigid loads... Transferable load It can reduce the load. and interruptible load .

[0079] Microgrid total power generation / consumption balance state stratification and Calculated by the following formula:

[0080] ;

[0081] In the formula: This represents the total renewable energy generation capacity within a microgrid operating in parallel. This indicates the wind turbine unit within the microgrid. i The power generation capacity; This indicates the photovoltaic units within the microgrid. i The power generation capacity; This represents the total power of all loads within the microgrid; For rigid loads within this microgrid i The power; Interruptible loads within the microgrid i The power; For load reduction within this microgrid i The power; For the loads that can be moved within this microgrid i The power; This represents the number of wind turbine units within the microgrid. This represents the number of photovoltaic units within the microgrid. This represents the number of rigid loads within the microgrid. The number of loads that can be reduced within this microgrid; The number of loads that can be reduced within this microgrid. This represents the number of loads that can be moved within the microgrid.

[0082] when This characterizes the total power generation and total power consumption balance within a microgrid operating in parallel. or This characterizes the imbalance between total power generation and total power consumption within a microgrid operating in parallel.

[0083] The state of charge (SOC) of energy storage in a microgrid is mainly determined by whether the current SOC of energy storage in a parallel-operating microgrid is higher than its SOC limit. The SOC classification formula is as follows:

[0084] ;

[0085] In the formula: This represents the energy storage state of charge of the microgrid; This represents the lower limit of the energy storage state of charge of the microgrid, which is usually set to 30%.

[0086] (3) A microgrid group is a finely divided state space of all microgrids operating in parallel under off-grid conditions, such as... Figure 6As shown, the system sequentially determines whether the total power generation and total power consumption within the microgrid group are balanced, whether the total power generation and total power consumption within each microgrid are balanced, whether the microgrid energy storage is the group's main energy storage, and the energy storage charge status of the microgrid, thereby further perceiving the specific state of all microgrids operating in parallel under off-grid conditions.

[0087] The methods for determining whether the total power generation and consumption within a microgrid group are balanced, and whether the total power generation and consumption within each microgrid are balanced, are the same as those for determining whether the total power generation and consumption within a microgrid group are balanced when all microgrids are operating in parallel under grid-connected conditions, and will not be repeated here.

[0088] Determining whether a microgrid's energy storage is the primary energy storage unit is mainly achieved by comparing the remaining energy of the energy storage units of all microgrids operating in parallel under off-grid conditions, and selecting the energy storage unit with the largest remaining energy as the primary energy storage unit. Under off-grid conditions, a single energy storage unit with bidirectional power controllability and the largest remaining energy is required as the primary control unit, referred to as the primary energy storage unit, to provide system frequency and voltage support, balance power fluctuations within the system, and stabilize the off-grid operation of the microgrid group. By comparing the remaining energy of the energy storage units of all microgrids operating in parallel under off-grid conditions, the energy storage unit with the largest remaining energy is selected as the primary energy storage unit. Therefore, microgrids are divided into two states based on whether their energy storage units are selected as the primary energy storage unit. The formula for determining the primary energy storage unit is as follows:

[0089] ;

[0090] In the formula: This indicates the remaining energy in the main energy storage unit; Indicates the main energy storage capacity; Indicates the state of charge of the main energy storage device; This refers to microgrids operating in parallel under off-grid conditions. (Total) d (each) energy storage state of charge; microgrid Energy storage installation capacity.

[0091] The method for determining the state of charge of microgrid energy storage is as follows:

[0092] After determining whether a microgrid's energy storage is the group's main energy storage, the state of charge (SOC) of the microgrid's energy storage is determined by comparing whether its SOC is higher than a specified lower limit. When the microgrid's energy storage is not the main energy storage, the method for determining the SOC of the energy storage of a microgrid operating in parallel with the entire microgrid group is the same as that for a microgrid group operating in parallel with the grid. When the microgrid's energy storage is the main energy storage, it is divided into two types based on whether the SOC of the main energy storage is greater than the specified upper limit of the main energy storage SOC. The state division is as follows (7):

[0093] (7)

[0094] In the formula: Indicates the state of charge of the main energy storage device; This indicates the upper limit of the main energy storage state of charge, which can be set according to the remaining energy of the main energy storage being able to ensure that the continuous power supply to rigid important loads within the group is not less than the planned duration of the group's off-grid operation.

[0095] (4) A microgrid group is a microgrid group in which some microgrids operate in parallel under grid-connected conditions or in a microgrid group in which some microgrids operate in parallel under off-grid conditions. The microgrids that are not operating in parallel are all islanded. Islanded microgrids refer to the corresponding microgrids that may exist in both grid-connected and off-grid conditions. The portion of the microgrid where the switches are state-defined has its operating state space finely divided as follows: Figure 7 As shown.

[0096] The system sequentially determines whether the total power generation and total power consumption in each microgrid are balanced, determines the energy storage charge status of the microgrid, and further perceives whether the microgrid group is partially operating in parallel under grid-connected conditions or partially operating in parallel under off-grid conditions.

[0097] The method for determining whether the total generation and total consumption within each microgrid are balanced is the same as the method described above, and will not be repeated here. Specifically, determining the state of charge (SOC) of energy storage within a microgrid involves comparing the current SOC of the energy storage within the microgrid with the minimum required SOC of energy storage in an islanded microgrid. The comparison scenarios include energy storage discharge and energy storage full charge, where the minimum required state of charge for energy storage in islanded microgrids is as follows: The energy storage capacity is set based on the fact that the remaining energy can guarantee continuous power supply to rigid critical loads within the microgrid for a duration no less than the islanding plan duration, i.e.:

[0098] ;

[0099] In the formula: The minimum required energy storage charge state for isolated microgrids; This refers to the power of rigid, critical loads within the microgrid. This indicates the planned duration of islanded operation of the microgrid. If the islanded operation of the microgrid is caused by an external fault, it is equal to the fault repair time. This indicates the installed energy storage capacity of the microgrid.

[0100] The above-defined microgrid cluster and microgrid operation state space is the set of operation state perception rules in the microgrid operation state intelligent perception rule base in the blockchain smart contract. After perceiving and judging the operation state of the microgrid cluster and the microgrid itself based on the above rules, the control strategy of the microgrid under the identified state and control target can be automatically called through the control strategy knowledge base of the microgrid under each state in the blockchain smart contract, so as to complete the formulation of the microgrid control strategy based on the cluster collaborative operation position.

[0101] Step S4: Each microgrid distributed smart controller, based on the sensed microgrid group and the operating status of the microgrid, and using the control strategy knowledge base for each state in the smart contract, completes the formulation of the microgrid control plan.

[0102] In a group-connected grid state, because the large power grid provides system frequency and voltage support to maintain system power balance, each microgrid only needs to formulate a control strategy according to a preset group control objective. Under different group control objectives, the operating states of the microgrids operating in parallel under a group-connected grid state have different control strategies. The group control objectives formulated in this invention mainly include group control... PCC There are three control objectives: minimizing zero-interaction power, maximizing peak shaving and valley filling, and maximizing energy storage lifetime. Of course, additional control objectives can be added based on actual operational needs; this simply requires enriching the control strategy knowledge base within the smart contract.

[0103] ①With “group” PCC When the control objective is "minimum power interaction", the control principle is to maximize the local consumption of renewable energy through energy exchange between microgrids and reduce power interaction with the upper-level grid.

[0104] ② When the control objective is to maximize peak shaving and valley filling, the control period is divided into peak period, normal period and valley period. The control principle during the peak period is to meet the needs of the microgrid itself, that is, renewable energy should prioritize meeting the electricity demand of the microgrid load, and then feed the surplus renewable energy power outward. The control principle during the normal period is that the microgrid should flow naturally according to the balance of power generation and consumption within the grid. The control principle during the valley period is that the microgrid should prioritize drawing power from the upper-level grid.

[0105] ③ When the control objective is to "maximize the lifespan of energy storage", the control principle is to minimize the number of charging and discharging cycles of energy storage. Only when the state of charge of energy storage is lower than its lower limit should the energy storage be controlled to charge.

[0106] The following describes a microgrid operating in parallel under a group grid-connected state, which is in the " , , Taking the current state as an example, let's illustrate the control strategy of this microgrid under the above three control objectives:

[0107] ① When using "group" PCC When the control target is "minimum interactive power," the surplus renewable energy generation power is fed back outwards, and the fed-out power is... The feed-out power is preferentially transferred to other energy-deficient microgrids within the group to achieve energy mutual assistance; if all microgrids within the group have a surplus of renewable energy, the surplus power generation will be used to charge the energy storage of this microgrid.

[0108] ② When the control objective is to maximize peak shaving and valley filling, if the control period falls during peak hours, the surplus renewable energy generation power is fed back outwards, and the fed-back power is... If the regulation period is during normal times, the surplus power generation will be used to charge the energy storage of the microgrid first. When the energy storage is charged to the upper limit of the state of charge and there is still surplus power generation, it will be fed out. If the regulation period is during off-peak times, in addition to the surplus power generation charging the energy storage of the microgrid, power will also be drawn from the upper grid to charge the energy storage until it is fully charged.

[0109] ③ When the control objective is to "maximize the lifespan of energy storage", the surplus renewable energy generation power is preferentially fed out to other energy-deficient microgrids within the group. If there is still a surplus, it will be used to charge the energy storage.

[0110] The control strategies for other operating states are similar to those in the example above, determined based on the aforementioned control principles, physical principles, and expert experience, and will not be elaborated further.

[0111] Because the voltage and frequency stability support of the main power grid is lost, the microgrids operating in parallel under off-grid conditions prioritize safe and stable operation and ensuring the longest possible power supply to critical loads within the group. The system provides voltage and frequency stability support through a selected primary energy storage unit. Therefore, when there is a surplus in renewable energy generation, the primary energy storage unit is prioritized for charging to maximize its remaining energy.

[0112] A microgrid operating in parallel under a group-off-grid state is in " , "Taking the operating state space as an example, this illustrates the control strategy of the microgrid under different states where energy storage is used as the primary energy storage:"

[0113] When the microgrid's primary energy storage is used, if " "Then the surplus renewable energy generation power of the microgrid is fed out, and the fed-out power is..." The feed-out power supplies other energy-deficient microgrids in the group to achieve energy mutual assistance. If there is a surplus, it supplies power to other microgrids whose energy storage is below the state of charge limit to charge them.

[0114] When the microgrid's primary energy storage is used, if " "Then the surplus renewable energy generation power of the microgrid will charge the energy storage of the microgrid until the upper limit of the state of charge is reached, and the charging power will be..." If there is a surplus, it will be fed back to other energy-deficient microgrids within the group;

[0115] When the microgrid's energy storage is not the primary energy storage, if " "Then the surplus renewable energy generation power of the microgrid is fed out, and the fed-out power is..." The feed-out power is prioritized to supply other energy-deficient microgrids within the group. If there is a surplus, it is supplied to the microgrid where the main energy storage is located to charge it to the upper limit.

[0116] When the microgrid's energy storage is not the primary energy storage, if " If the surplus renewable energy generation power of the microgrid is used to charge the energy storage of the microgrid until the state of charge limit (30%), then any remaining surplus will be fed back to other energy-deficient microgrids in the group.

[0117] The control strategies for other operating states are similar to those in the example above, determined based on the aforementioned control principles, physical principles, and expert experience, and will not be elaborated further.

[0118] Microgrids operating in isolated mode lose the voltage and frequency stability support of the main power grid, and their control principle is to ensure safe and stable operation and guarantee the power supply to the important loads of the microgrid for the longest possible time.

[0119] A microgrid operating in an isolated state is in the " "Taking the operating state space as an example, the control strategy of this microgrid is explained:"

[0120] like" "Then the microgrid's renewable energy generation, in addition to meeting the rigid loads within the grid, will also..." Transferable load and can reduce load In addition, it is also necessary to meet the interruptible load power requirements. In other words, the microgrid needs to be disconnected. interruptible load of varying size;

[0121] like" "Then the microgrid's renewable energy generation will not only meet the needs of all rigid loads within the grid, but also..." Transferable load and can reduce load In addition, the energy storage of this microgrid needs to be charged until the minimum required state of charge is reached. Charging power is .

[0122] The control strategies for other operating states are similar to those in the example above, determined based on the aforementioned control principles, physical principles, and expert experience, and will not be elaborated further.

[0123] In step S5, each microgrid distributed intelligent controller sends the control instructions of its own microgrid to the corresponding microgrid distributed monitoring unit for execution, thereby realizing the local microgrid operation control based on the perspective of cluster collaborative operation.

[0124] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units of the various examples described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of the invention.

[0125] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the division of units is only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units can be combined into one unit, one unit can be split into multiple units, or some features can be ignored.

[0126] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A distributed intelligent sensing and coordinated control method based on the operating status of a microgrid, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Each microgrid distributed monitoring unit locally monitors and collects the operating data of the renewable energy / energy storage unit / load unit of its own microgrid, and uploads the collected operating data of the renewable energy / energy storage unit / load unit of its own microgrid to the corresponding microgrid distributed smart controller in real time. In step S2, each microgrid distributed smart controller continuously packages the current period's operating data, smart contracts, and the generated control plan data for the next period of the microgrid, collected by the microgrid distributed monitoring unit, into a block on the blockchain. Through consensus and reward / punishment mechanisms, the competition for the right to produce blocks on the blockchain is realized, and the newly generated blocks are shared on the chain so that all microgrid distributed smart controllers can download the required data information. Step S3: Each microgrid distributed smart controller downloads the smart contract stored in any block of the blockchain, as well as the operating data of other microgrids in the microgrid group required for microgrid group and microgrid status perception. Combined with the operating data collected by the microgrid distributed monitoring unit of this microgrid, and based on the microgrid operating status intelligent perception rule base in the smart contract, it performs local microgrid operating status intelligent perception from the perspective of energy mutual assistance within the group. The data required for the microgrid distributed intelligent controller to perform microgrid group and microgrid state perception includes the data of each microgrid in the current time period. Switch status, group The system includes switch status, renewable energy generation capacity within each microgrid, state of charge (SOC) of energy storage units within each microgrid, and power consumption of load units within each microgrid. Specifically, the microgrid distributed intelligent controller performs microgrid group status perception based on the microgrid group... Switches and microgrids The formula for determining and recognizing the open / closed state of a switch is as follows: ； In the formula: n This represents the number of microgrids contained in the microgrid group; microgrid i of Switch status; Indicates micro-network group Switch status: 0 indicates open, and 1 indicates closed. Step S4: Each microgrid distributed smart controller, based on the sensed microgrid group and the operating status of the microgrid, and using the control strategy knowledge base for each state in the smart contract, completes the formulation of the microgrid control plan. In step S5, each microgrid distributed intelligent controller sends the control instructions of its own microgrid to the corresponding microgrid distributed monitoring unit for execution, thereby realizing the local microgrid operation control based on the perspective of cluster collaborative operation.

2. The distributed intelligent sensing and coordinated control method based on microgrid operating status according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2, which implements the competition for blockchain block production rights through consensus and reward / punishment mechanisms, specifically includes the following steps: (1) Each microgrid distributed smart controller node packages and generates new blocks according to the data structure of the blockchain, and competes for the right to produce blocks using the PoP consensus mechanism; (2) The microgrid distributed smart controller node that successfully obtains the right to produce a block will link the new block into the blockchain in sequence. When linking, it must be recognized by the consensus of all microgrid distributed smart controller nodes. If the recognition is successful, the new block will be successfully produced and put on the chain. The microgrid distributed smart controller node will receive a certain reward so that it will have a competitive advantage in the right to produce a block in the next cycle. Otherwise, the new block will be invalidated, and the microgrid distributed smart controller node will be penalized so that its probability of producing a block will be reduced in the next cycle. (3) The microgrid distributed smart controller node that successfully produces a block exits the competition for this cycle. The blockchain adjusts the consensus difficulty coefficient to ensure that each microgrid distributed smart controller node can successfully produce a block and upload it to the chain. Then, the remaining microgrid distributed smart controller nodes in the group compete to produce a block and upload it to the chain again according to the above steps (1)-(2) until all microgrid distributed smart controller nodes successfully upload the new block packaged by them. Then the sharing of microgrid group data information on the chain for this cycle is completed.

3. The distributed intelligent sensing and coordinated control method based on microgrid operating status according to claim 2, characterized in that, The PoP consensus mechanism is specifically based on microgrids. PCC The interaction power and the energy storage state of charge (SOC) value are combined, that is, each distributed smart controller node competes for the block-producing right through the following formula (1): ；（1） In the formula: It is a hash encryption algorithm; It is a random number; In the block header, except Other data besides the version number, the previous block header hash, the current block generation timestamp, and the Merkle root hash; Indicates the connection between data; This represents the target difficulty threshold for hash encryption; the smaller the threshold, the harder it is to find a random value that meets the criteria. a and b It is the consensus difficulty adjustment coefficient, which is automatically adjusted by the blockchain according to the progress of the block production right competition. For microgrids PCC interaction power; For microgrids The energy storage state of charge.

4. The distributed intelligent sensing and coordinated control method based on microgrid operating status according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for the microgrid distributed intelligent controller to perceive the microgrid's operating status are as follows: (1) Determine whether the microgrid group is in grid-connected or off-grid state, and further determine whether the microgrids within the microgrid group are all in parallel or partially in parallel state; if the microgrid group is in grid-connected state and all microgrids are operating in parallel, proceed to step (2); if the microgrid group is in off-grid state and all microgrids are operating in parallel, proceed to step (3); if the microgrid group is in grid-connected state and some microgrids are operating in parallel, or if the microgrid group is in off-grid state and some microgrids are operating in parallel, proceed to step (4). (2) Sequentially determine whether the total power generation and total power consumption in the microgrid group are balanced, whether the total power generation and total power consumption in each microgrid are balanced, and determine the energy storage charge status of the microgrid, so as to further perceive the specific status of all microgrids operating in parallel under the grid connection state of the microgrid group; (3) Sequentially determine whether the total power generation and total power consumption in the microgrid group are balanced, determine whether the total power generation and total power consumption in each microgrid are balanced, determine whether the energy storage of the microgrid is the energy storage of the group leader, and determine the energy storage charge status of the microgrid, so as to further perceive the specific status of all microgrids operating in parallel under the off-grid state of the microgrid group; (4) Sequentially determine whether the total power generation and total power consumption in each microgrid are balanced, determine the energy storage charge status of the microgrid, and further perceive the specific state of the microgrid group, whether it is a grid-connected state or an off-grid state.

5. The distributed intelligent sensing and coordinated control method based on microgrid operating status according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method for determining whether the total power generation and total power consumption within a microgrid group are balanced is as follows: by comparing the total renewable energy power generation within the microgrid group. Total power consumption of the load The magnitude of the difference indicates whether the microgrid cluster as a whole is in a state of renewable energy surplus or renewable energy shortage; the total renewable energy power generation within the microgrid cluster. Total power consumption of the load Calculated by the following formula: ；（2） In the formula: This refers to the number of microgrids operating in parallel within the microgrid group. The total renewable energy generation capacity of the microgrid cluster; For microgrids operating in parallel within the group i The renewable energy generation capacity is obtained by summing the generation capacity of each wind turbine and photovoltaic unit within the microgrid; This represents the total power consumption of the microgrid group load. For microgrids operating in parallel within the group i The total load power is obtained by summing the power of each rigid load, interruptible load, reduceable load, and shiftable load within the microgrid.

6. The distributed intelligent sensing and coordinated control method based on microgrid operating status according to claim 4, characterized in that, Whether the total power generation and total power consumption in each microgrid are balanced is mainly determined by the total renewable energy generation capacity of a microgrid operating in parallel. With various types of load power The comparison between them is used to determine which types of loads can absorb the renewable energy of the microgrid after prioritizing the power supply of each type of load; The priority for ensuring power supply to various types of loads, ranked from highest to lowest, is as follows: Rigid loads Transferable load It can reduce the load. and interruptible load ; Microgrid total power generation / consumption balance state stratification and Calculated by the following formula: ； In the formula: This represents the total renewable energy generation capacity within a microgrid operating in parallel. This indicates the wind turbine unit within the microgrid. i The power generation capacity; This indicates the photovoltaic units within the microgrid. i The power generation capacity; This represents the total power of all loads within the microgrid; For rigid loads within this microgrid i The power; Interruptible loads within the microgrid i The power; For load reduction within this microgrid i The power; For the loads that can be moved within this microgrid i The power; This represents the number of wind turbine units within the microgrid. This represents the number of photovoltaic units within the microgrid. This represents the number of rigid loads within the microgrid. The number of loads that can be reduced within this microgrid; The number of loads that can be reduced within this microgrid. This represents the number of loads that can be moved within the microgrid.

7. The distributed intelligent sensing and coordinated control method based on microgrid operating status according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method for determining the state of charge (SOC) of energy storage in a microgrid is as follows: It involves determining whether the current SOC of energy storage in a parallel-operating microgrid is higher than its SOC limit. The SOC classification formula is as follows: ； In the formula: This represents the energy storage state of charge of the microgrid; This represents the lower limit of the energy storage state of charge of the microgrid.

8. The distributed intelligent sensing and coordinated control method based on microgrid operating status according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method for determining whether the microgrid energy storage is the main energy storage in step (3) is as follows: by comparing the remaining energy of the energy storage of all microgrids participating in parallel operation under the off-grid state, the energy storage with the largest remaining energy is selected as the main energy storage.

Images