Nanosecond electric pulse desulfurization / nitration reactor and preparation method thereof

Abstract

A nanosecond electric pulse desulfurization / nitration reactor and a preparation method thereof, comprising an electrode line, an electrode tube, an electrode line suspension, an electrode line parallel assembly and an electrode line series assembly. The wave impedance of the reactor is designed according to the application situation through the method of the present invention. The present invention can realize that a nanosecond high-voltage pulse waveform is transmitted from the input end of the reactor, and the nanosecond high-voltage pulse traverses all the electrode lines until the terminal matching resistor completely absorbs without reflection, thereby providing necessary guarantee for efficient desulfurization and denitration of nanosecond electric pulses.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to environmental protection, in particular to a nanosecond electric pulse desulfurization / nitration reactor and a preparation method thereof. The reactor can realize nanosecond electric pulse high-efficiency desulfurization / nitration. Background Art

[0002] The theory of electrochemical desulfurization / nitration has long been verified. In recent years, engineering test devices have been built and operated at home and abroad, but the results are not particularly ideal. The same electric field of the traditional electrochemical desulfurization / nitration reactor uses the pole line as a whole to hang, that is, all the pole lines are connected in parallel without considering their wave impedance characteristics, resulting in the high-voltage electric pulse cannot be effectively transmitted to the cathode lines in the reactor, thus failing to achieve the ideal removal effect. Summary of the invention

[0003] The invention provides a nanosecond electric pulse desulfurization / nitration reactor and a preparation method thereof, which fills the blank of wave impedance design of electrochemical desulfurization / nitration reactors at home and abroad.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A nanosecond electric pulse desulfurization / nitration reactor, characterized in that it includes a reactor frame, M×N pole lines, M×N electrode tubes, M series pole lines (groups), pole line parallel components and pole line series components; the pole lines are installed on the reactor frame, and the pole line suspension and the reactor frame are insulated; each pole line (group) is composed of input ends or output ends of N pole lines (groups) connected to each other through pole line parallel components, there are M×N pole lines in total, each pole line suspends an electrode tube, all electrode tubes are connected to the ground in parallel, M and N are respectively positive integers greater than 1, the wave impedance of the pole lines and electrode tubes is Z1, the wave impedance of the pole line parallel components is Z2, the wave impedance of the pole line series components is Z3, the output wave impedance of the pulse power supply is Z4, and the transmission line wave impedance from the pulse power supply to the desulfurization / nitration reactor is Z5, wherein Z1≈Z2, Z4=Z1 / N, and Z3≈Z4≈Z5.

[0006] The polar wires are divided into cathode wires and anode wires, which are carriers of high voltage electricity;

[0007] The electrode tube or electrode plate is a grounded conductor;

[0008] The polar line parallel assembly is a component of several polar lines connected in parallel, which can be one or more conductors;

[0009] The polar line group is a whole formed by connecting the polar lines through parallel components;

[0010] The pole line series assembly is a component that connects several parallel pole line groups end to end to form a series connection, which can be a conductor.

[0011] The preparation method of the nanosecond electric pulse desulfurization / nitration reactor comprises the following steps:

[0012] 1) Wave impedance design to achieve wave impedance matching:

[0013] The calculation method of the wave impedance Z1 of the pole line and the electrode tube is as follows:

[0014]

[0015]

[0016]

[0017] Among them, R1 is the radius of the polar line, R2 is the radius of the electrode tube, ε r is the relative dielectric constant of the medium between the pole line and the electrode tube, ε0 is the dielectric constant in vacuum, μ0 is the magnetic permeability in vacuum, L is the inductance per unit length of the pole line and the electrode tube, and C is the capacitance per unit length of the pole line and the electrode tube;

[0018] The wave impedance of the polar parallel component is designed to be Z2, so that:

[0019] Z1≈Z2(4)

[0020] According to the output voltage and current of the nanosecond pulse power supply, the output wave impedance of the pulse power supply is Z4, which is determined by the following formula:

[0021] N=Z1 / Z4 (5)

[0022] The value of the wave impedance Z3 of the polar line series assembly is controlled by designing the radius parameter R2 of the polar line and the electrode tube of the polar line series assembly.

[0023] Select the appropriate transmission line control pulse power supply to the desulfurization / nitration reactor transmission line wave impedance Z5 value, so that:

[0024] Z n ≈Z3≈Z4≈Z5(6)

[0025] M is the total number of reactor electrode tubes divided by N;

[0026] 2) The connection relationship of the components according to claim 1 is implemented by hanging connection;

[0027] 3) Use a spectrum analyzer to test the wave impedance of the input end of the desulfurization / nitration reactor. If necessary, adjust the wave impedance by changing the radius of the polar line, so that the wave impedance of the nanosecond pulse power supply output matches the wave impedance of the desulfurization / nitration reactor input end.

[0028] Using the method of the present invention to establish a circuit simulation schematic Figure 1 V1 represents the nanosecond pulse power supply, with a voltage of 120KV and a pulse width of 800ns; S1 is a high-voltage switch; T1 is a high-voltage cable, with a wave impedance of 50 ohms; T2 represents -T13 represents the electrode tube and electrode line of the reactor, with a wave impedance of 150 ohms; R1 represents the terminal matching resistor, with a resistance of 50 ohms.

[0029] Simulated voltage waveform Figure 2 It can be seen that the voltage waveform (2) of the terminal matching resistor obtained by simulation is consistent with the voltage waveform (1) of the reactor input end, and the voltage waveform of the reactor input end can be completely transmitted to the terminal matching resistor. The wave impedance of the reactor is designed according to the application situation by the method of the present invention. The present invention can realize the transmission of nanosecond high-voltage pulse waveform from the reactor input end, and the nanosecond high-voltage pulse traverses all pole lines until the terminal matching resistor is completely absorbed without reflection, providing necessary guarantee for efficient desulfurization and denitrification by nanosecond electric pulse. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is the simulation circuit diagram of the desulfurization / nitration system of the present invention

[0031] Figure 2 This is the simulated voltage waveform of the desulfurization / nitration system of the present invention

[0032] Figure 3 This is an example diagram of the desulfurization / nitration reactor of the present invention

[0033] Figure 4 This is a half-section front view of an example of a desulfurization / nitration reactor of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 This is an axial side view of an example of a pole line pole tube of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a top view of an example of a pole line and a pole tube of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a front view of an example of pole line hanging of the present invention

[0037] Figure 8 This is an oblique view of the polar line series and parallel connection of the present invention

[0038] Fig. 9 This is a top view of the polar lines in series and parallel connection of the present invention

[0039] Fig.10 This is the oblique view of the polar lines in series of the present invention

[0040] Fig.11 This is a top view of the polar lines of the present invention in series

[0041] Fig.12 This is the series-parallel principle block diagram of the present invention

[0042] Fig.13 This is the parallel series principle block diagram of the present invention

[0043] Fig.14 This is the measured waveform of the reactor input

[0044] Fig.15 This is the voltage waveform measured at the end of a traditional reactor

[0045] Fig.16 This is the voltage waveform diagram of the actual measurement of the matching resistance at the end of the reactor of the present invention

[0046] In the figure, (1) is the voltage waveform curve of the reactor input of the desulfurization / nitration system simulation circuit; (2) is the voltage waveform curve of the terminal matching resistor of the desulfurization / nitration system simulation circuit; (3) shell; (4) electrode line and electrode tube assembly; (5) electrode line; (6) electrode tube; (7) insulated porcelain bottle hanging; (8) electrode line; (9) electrode tube; (10) electrode line series connection mode; (11) first series connection and then parallel connection; (12) schematic diagram of series connection direction; (13) electrode tube; (14) electrode line parallel connection mode; (15) first parallel connection and then series connection; (16) schematic diagram of parallel connection direction; (17) electrode tube; (18) reactor input measured current waveform; (19) reactor input measured voltage waveform; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] A clear description will be made below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the examples described are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by technicians in this field without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as those commonly understood by technicians in the technical field of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0048] Depend on Figure 3-14It can be seen that a nanosecond electric pulse desulfurization / nitration reactor is characterized in that it includes a reactor frame, M×N pole lines, M×N electrode tubes, M series pole lines (groups), pole line parallel components, pole line series components and terminal matching resistors; the pole lines are installed on the reactor frame, and the pole line suspension and the reactor frame are insulated; each pole line (group) is composed of input ends or output ends of N pole lines (groups) connected to each other through pole line parallel components, there are M×N pole lines in total, each pole line suspends an electrode tube, all electrode tubes are connected to the ground in parallel, M and N are positive integers greater than 1, the wave impedance of the pole lines and electrode tubes is Z1, the wave impedance of the pole line parallel components is Z2, the wave impedance of the pole line series components is Z3, the output wave impedance of the pulse power supply is Z4, and the transmission line wave impedance from the pulse power supply to the desulfurization / nitration reactor is Z5, wherein Z1≈Z2, Z4=Z1 / N, Z3≈Z4≈Z5.

[0049] The polar wires are divided into cathode wires and anode wires, which are carriers of high voltage electricity;

[0050] The electrode tube or electrode plate is a grounded conductor;

[0051] The polar line parallel assembly is a component of several polar lines connected in parallel, which can be one or more conductors;

[0052] The polar line group is a whole formed by connecting the polar lines through parallel components;

[0053] The pole line series assembly is a component that connects several parallel pole line groups end to end to form a series connection, which can be a conductor.

[0054] The preparation method of the nanosecond electric pulse desulfurization / nitration reactor comprises the following steps:

[0055] 1) Wave impedance design to achieve wave impedance matching:

[0056] The calculation method of the wave impedance Z1 of the pole line and the electrode tube is as follows:

[0057]

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] Among them, R1 is the radius of the polar line, R2 is the radius of the electrode tube, ε r is the relative dielectric constant of the medium between the pole line and the electrode tube, ε0 is the dielectric constant in vacuum, μ0 is the magnetic permeability in vacuum, L is the inductance per unit length of the pole line and the electrode tube, and C is the capacitance per unit length of the pole line and the electrode tube;

[0061] The wave impedance of the polar parallel component is designed to be Z2, so that:

[0062] Z1≈Z2 (4)

[0063] According to the output voltage and current of the nanosecond pulse power supply, the output wave impedance of the pulse power supply is Z4, which is determined by the following formula:

[0064] N=Z1 / Z4 (5)

[0065] The value of the wave impedance Z3 of the polar line series assembly is controlled by designing the radius parameter R2 of the polar line and the electrode tube of the polar line series assembly.

[0066] Select the appropriate transmission line control pulse power supply to the desulfurization / nitration reactor transmission line wave impedance Z5 value, so that:

[0067] Z n ≈Z3≈Z4≈Z5 (6)

[0068] M is the total number of reactor electrode tubes divided by N;

[0069] 2) The connection relationship of the components according to claim 1 is implemented by hanging connection;

[0070] 3) Use a spectrum analyzer to test the wave impedance of the input end of the desulfurization / nitration reactor. If necessary, adjust the wave impedance by changing the radius of the polar line, so that the wave impedance of the nanosecond pulse power supply output matches the wave impedance of the desulfurization / nitration reactor input end.

[0071] Example 1

[0072] Taking a reactor with 1000 electrode tubes of 350 mm diameter and electrode wires of 2 mm diameter as an example, ε r Take 1 and calculate according to formulas 1, 2, and 3:

[0073]

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] Z1 is found to be approximately 309 ohms.

[0077] According to the output voltage of the nanosecond pulse power supply of 120 kilovolts and the current of 1200 amperes, the output wave impedance of the pulse power supply is Z4, which is 100 ohms.

[0078] The number of poles connected in parallel N is calculated according to the following formula: Z4 = Z1 / N, Z1 / Z4 = 309 / 100, N is 3, and it is determined that a pole group is formed by hanging three poles in groups.

[0079] The end series component of the pole line suspension is designed and manufactured so that the wave impedance Z3 of the end series component is about 100 ohms. The number of pole lines in series M can be obtained as 1000 / 3=333.3, where M is 333. The pole line series component is used to connect M groups of pole lines end to end in sequence to form a series connection. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of reactor series and parallel connection is given.

[0080] Design and manufacture the polar line series assembly so that the wave impedance Z2 of the polar line series assembly is about 309 ohms. Use the polar line series assembly to connect the M polar lines end to end in sequence to form a polar line group in series. Connect the beginning and end of the N polar lines in parallel.

[0081] A matching resistor with a resistance of 100 ohms was connected to the end of the reactor.

[0082] Use a spectrum analyzer to test the wave impedance of the desulfurization / nitration reactor input end. If necessary, adjust the wave impedance by changing the radius of the polar line, etc., so that the wave impedance of the nanosecond pulse power supply output matches the wave impedance of the desulfurization / nitration reactor input end.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] Taking a reactor with 6 electrode tubes of 350 mm diameter and 2 mm diameter electrode wire as an example, ε r Take 1, and according to formulas 7, 8, and 9, we can obtain Z1 to be approximately 309 ohms.

[0085] If the output voltage of the nanosecond pulse power supply is 120 kV and the current is 800 amperes, Z4 is 150 ohms.

[0086] Then according to Z4=Z1 / N, Z1 / Z4=309 / 150, N is 2, and it is determined that a polar line group is formed by hanging two polar lines in groups.

[0087] The polar line parallel assembly is designed and manufactured so that the wave impedance Z2 of the polar line parallel assembly is about 309 ohms. The top and bottom ends of the two polar lines are connected in parallel using the polar line parallel assembly to form a polar line group, and the polar line group is insulated from each other before the polar line series assembly is installed.

[0088] The pole line series assembly is designed and manufactured so that its wave impedance Z3 is about 150 ohms. The number of pole lines in series M can be obtained as 6 / 2=3. The pole line series assembly is used to connect M groups of pole lines end to end in sequence to form a series connection.

[0089] A matching resistor with a resistance of 150 ohms was connected to the end of the reactor.

[0090] Use a spectrum analyzer to test the wave impedance of the desulfurization / nitration reactor input end. If necessary, adjust the wave impedance by changing the radius of the polar line, etc., so that the wave impedance of the nanosecond pulse power supply output matches the wave impedance of the desulfurization / nitration reactor input end.

[0091] Experiments show that the present invention can realize the transmission of nanosecond waveforms, so that the nanosecond waveforms are transmitted from the input end of the reactor to the terminal matching resistor end.

[0092] The measured waveform of Example 2 of the present invention is as follows:

[0093] The measured waveform of the reactor input is as follows Fig.15 As shown, the oscilloscope is Tektronix 2024B, the voltage probe ratio is 10000:1, curve (18) in the figure is the current waveform, curve (19) is the voltage waveform, the peak voltage can reach 88kV, the pulse width is 1 microsecond, the rising edge is 168 nanoseconds, and the falling edge is 86 nanoseconds.

[0094] The reactor was prepared using the traditional connection method. All six poles were connected in parallel, with no matching resistor at the end. The voltage waveform measured by the matching resistor at the end was as follows: Fig.16 As shown, the oscilloscope is Tektronix 2024B, the voltage probe is homemade with a ratio of 2500:1, and the curve in the figure is the voltage waveform measured by the end matching resistor, with a peak voltage of 50kV, a rising edge of 890 nanoseconds, and a falling edge of 832 nanoseconds.

[0095] The reactor is prepared by the method of the present invention. All 6 pole lines are connected in 2 parallel and 3 series, with matching resistors at the ends. The voltage waveform measured by the matching resistors at the ends is as follows: Fig.16 As shown, the oscilloscope is Tektronix 2024B, the voltage probe is homemade with a ratio of 2500:1, and the curve in the figure is the voltage waveform measured by the end matching resistor, with a peak voltage of 87.5kV, a rising edge of 338 nanoseconds, and a falling edge of 311 nanoseconds. The voltage amplitude and the rising and falling edges are significantly improved.

Claims

1. A nanosecond electric pulse desulfurization / nitration reactor, characterized in that: It comprises a reactor frame, M×N pole lines, M×N electrode tubes, M series pole lines (groups), pole line parallel components and pole line series components; the pole lines are installed on the reactor frame, and the pole line suspension and the reactor frame are insulated; each pole line (group) is composed of input ends or output ends of N pole lines (groups) connected to each other through pole line parallel components, there are M×N pole lines in total, each pole line suspends an electrode tube, all electrode tubes are connected to the ground in parallel, M and N are positive integers greater than 1, the wave impedance of the pole lines and electrode tubes is Z1, the wave impedance of the pole line parallel components is Z2, the wave impedance of the pole line series components is Z3, the output wave impedance of the pulse power supply is Z4, and the wave impedance of the transmission line from the pulse power supply to the desulfurization / nitration reactor is Z5, wherein Z1≈Z2, Z4=Z1 / N, Z3≈Z4≈Z5; The polar line series component is connected to a terminal matching resistor, the resistance of the terminal matching resistor is Z6, and Z6≈Z4; The pole wire or pole wire group is independently insulated and hung.

2. The nanosecond electric pulse desulfurization / nitration reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that The polar wires are divided into cathode wires and anode wires, which are carriers of high voltage electricity; The electrode tube or electrode plate is a grounded conductor; The polar line parallel assembly is a component in which a number of polar lines are connected in parallel; The polar line group is a whole formed by connecting the polar lines through series (parallel) components; A polar line series assembly is a component that connects several parallel polar line groups end to end to form a series connection.

3. The method for preparing the nanosecond electric pulse desulfurization / nitration reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: 1) Wave impedance design to achieve wave impedance matching: The calculation method of the wave impedance Z1 of the pole line and the electrode tube is as follows: Among them, R1 is the radius of the polar line, R2 is the radius of the electrode tube, ε r is the relative dielectric constant of the medium between the pole line and the electrode tube, ε0 is the dielectric constant in vacuum, μ0 is the magnetic permeability in vacuum, L is the inductance per unit length of the pole line and the electrode tube, and C is the capacitance per unit length of the pole line and the electrode tube; The wave impedance of the polar parallel component is designed to be Z2, so that: Z1≈Z2(4) According to the output voltage and current of the nanosecond pulse power supply, the output wave impedance of the pulse power supply is Z4, which is determined by the following formula: N=Z1 / Z4 (5) The value of the wave impedance Z3 of the polar line series assembly is controlled by designing the radius parameter R2 of the polar line and the electrode tube of the polar line series assembly. Select the appropriate transmission line control pulse power supply to the desulfurization / nitration reactor transmission line wave impedance Z5 value, so that: WITH n ≈Z3≈Z4≈Z5(6) M is the total number of reactor electrode tubes divided by N; 2) The connection relationship of the components according to claim 1 is implemented by hanging connection; 3) Use a spectrum analyzer to test the wave impedance of the input end of the desulfurization / nitration reactor. If necessary, adjust the wave impedance by changing the radius of the polar line, so that the output wave impedance of the nanosecond pulse power supply matches the wave impedance of the input end of the desulfurization / nitration reactor.

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