Slipform construction system and method for TBM tunnel concrete spraying

Abstract

The present invention provides a slipform construction system and method for TBM tunnel concrete spraying, comprising a support system for supporting and carrying the entire system; a translation system for driving the formwork system to move along the tunnel excavation direction is mounted on the connection bridge of the support system's concrete spraying truck; a rotary sliding system for driving the formwork system to slide along the tunnel circumferential direction is supported and mounted on the translation system; a lifting and demolding system for supporting and demolding the formwork system is fixedly mounted on the rotary sliding system; a member for the formwork system is mounted on the top of the lifting and demolding system; and a concrete spraying system for spraying concrete is mounted on the connection bridge of the concrete spraying truck. The system achieves the goals of improving the working environment, increasing support efficiency, enhancing support effects, improving support quality, saving project costs, facilitating parallel operations, reducing cleanup work, promoting civilized construction, and matching TBM excavation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of engineering tunnel shotcrete support, and in particular relates to a slipform construction system and method for TBM tunnel concrete shotcrete. Background Art

[0002] Currently, open TBM tunnels generally use support methods such as steel supports, rebar rows, anchor rods, steel mesh, and shotcrete, with shotcrete being a key component of this support. With technological advancements, this is often accomplished using a shotcrete manipulator mounted on the TBM equipment. While the technology is highly mature and mechanized, there are some significant practical challenges that have plagued technical personnel. These challenges are primarily:

[0003] 1. During the spraying of concrete, large amounts of dust are generated and the working environment is poor. Even with the use of advanced wet spraying equipment, it is difficult to achieve substantial improvement, which seriously threatens occupational health.

[0004] 2. The concrete rebound rate is too high during the spraying operation, generally reaching more than 30%. Especially in the arch, seepage, broken surrounding rock and other parts, the concrete rebound rate is even higher, which wastes a lot of concrete materials. While increasing the project cost, it also increases the cleaning workload, which is not conducive to civilized construction management.

[0005] 3. The efficiency of shotcrete spraying is not well matched with the speed of TBM excavation. When the thickness of shotcrete is large, it needs to be implemented in multiple times and layers to reach the designed thickness, which takes up a lot of process time, restricts the efficiency of TBM, and has a certain impact on the construction progress.

[0006] 4. Uneven thickness of shotcrete, difficulty in reaching strength standards, uneven surface, and unstable quality are common quality problems in shotcrete operations, which can seriously threaten the safe use of tunnels. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In response to the shortcomings of the above-mentioned traditional shotcrete support process, the present invention provides a slipform construction system and method for TBM tunnel concrete spraying. This system takes into account the fact that the excavation speed and support speed of open TBM tunnels are not very matched, and draws on the mold spraying concrete and tunnel slipform technology to design and provide a set of circumferential sliding templates, which are mounted on the open TBM equipment and organically combined with the TBM's own shotcrete system to realize the slipform shotcrete function, making up for the shortcomings of the existing technology, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the working environment, increasing support efficiency, enhancing support effect, improving support quality, saving project costs, facilitating parallel operations, reducing cleaning work, promoting civilized construction, and matching TBM excavation efficiency.

[0008] In order to achieve the above technical features, the object of the present invention is achieved as follows: a slipform construction system for TBM tunnel concrete spraying includes a support system for supporting and carrying the entire system;

[0009] The spray concrete truck connecting bridge of the support system is equipped with a translation system for driving the formwork system to move along the tunnel excavation direction;

[0010] A rotary sliding system is supported and installed on the translation system for driving the template system to slide along the tunnel annular direction;

[0011] A lifting and demoulding system for supporting and demoulding the template system is fixedly installed on the rotary sliding system;

[0012] The top of the lifting and demoulding system is equipped with a template system;

[0013] The concrete spraying vehicle connecting bridge is equipped with a concrete spraying system for spraying concrete.

[0014] The support system includes a TBM body, and a concrete spraying vehicle connecting bridge is mounted at the inner center of the TBM body; the TBM body is rollingly supported on the TBM track through a track wheel device.

[0015] The translation system includes a rack, which is fixed on the concrete spraying truck connecting bridge of the support system; the rack is engaged with the first gear for transmission, the first gear is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the first hydraulic motor, and the first hydraulic motor is fixedly mounted on the rotary sliding system. A linear slide is installed on the concrete spraying truck connecting bridge, and the linear slide forms a sliding fit with the sliding seat on the rotary sliding system.

[0016] The structure of the rotary sliding system is the same as that of the shotcrete robot inside the TBM; the rotary sliding system includes an annular beam, which is slidably supported on the shotcrete truck connecting bridge of the support system through a sliding seat; a ring gear is installed on the annular beam, and the ring gear is engaged with the second gear on the output shaft of the second hydraulic motor. The second hydraulic motor is fixedly installed on the rotating frame, and the rotating frame forms a sliding cooperation with the annular slide rail fixed on the annular beam through a slider; the rotating frame is equipped with a lifting and demoulding system.

[0017] There are two groups of rotating frames, which are relatively independently arranged on the ring beam.

[0018] The lifting and demoulding system includes a telescopic oil cylinder fixed on the rotating frame of the rotating sliding system, the output shaft of the telescopic oil cylinder is installed with a guide rod, and the guide rod is sleeved with a compression spring; the template system is fixed on the top of the guide rod.

[0019] The template system comprises a curved template installed at the end of a guide rod of a lifting and demoulding system, and the end of the curved template is provided with an end flexible template.

[0020] The concrete spraying system includes a manipulator bracket mounted on a rotary sliding system inside a TBM body, a manipulator is fixed on the manipulator bracket, and a concrete spraying nozzle is mounted on the end of the manipulator.

[0021] A method for tunnel concrete spraying construction using a TBM tunnel concrete spraying slipform construction system comprises the following steps:

[0022] Step 1: Slipform construction system production:

[0023] Based on the structure of the entire slipform construction system, if it is retrofitted or modified using an existing TBM, the implementation should be entrusted to a professional manufacturer. It must be compatible with the shotcrete manipulator carried by the TBM. If it is manufactured simultaneously with the TBM, it should be closely integrated with the shotcrete system, considering the use of a common ring beam and rotating frame to achieve the integration of slipform and shotcrete.

[0024] Step 2: Installation of slipform construction system:

[0025] Combine and install the prepared slipform construction system components with the TBM. After installation, whether it is retrofitted or directly brought in, it must be installed and debugged by a professional manufacturer and must match the functions of the TBM and shotcrete robot.

[0026] Step 3: Spray concrete construction:

[0027] The concrete spraying machine uses a manipulator to drive the concrete spraying nozzle to spray concrete into the gap between the curved formwork and the excavated rock surface. The process strictly follows the principle of layered and phased spraying to fill the formwork. Then, the concrete is sprayed while the formwork system is rotated. The process strictly adheres to the principle of layered uniform spraying and synchronous sliding. In this way, the concrete spraying construction is completed from bottom to top in a cyclic and gradual manner. When the construction reaches the top of the arch, for the convenience of construction, the concrete is directly sprayed to seal it.

[0028] Step 4: Rotation and sliding of the template system:

[0029] The initial sliding of the formwork system should be carried out slowly. During this process, the rotating sliding system, formwork system and related facilities should be fully and systematically inspected under load. Any problems found should be promptly addressed. Normal sliding can only be carried out after everything is normal. The speed of the arch sections on both sides gradually slows down as the formwork system slides. In particular, the speed should be strictly controlled after the slide enters the waist and arch crown sections. Continuous operation should be maintained as much as possible. A dedicated person must observe the surface quality of the demoulding concrete to determine the appropriate sliding time and sliding speed. This needs to be determined based on comprehensive tests of concrete properties, feed rate, ambient temperature, and demoulding strength.

[0030] Step 5: Concrete defect elimination and maintenance:

[0031] After demoulding, any problems such as insufficient surface flatness, inadequate top sealing, and misalignment between cycles should be promptly eliminated. In order to ensure the quality of the concrete, water mist should be sprayed on the demoulding sprayed concrete for timely maintenance.

[0032] Step 6: Lowering and shifting the template system;

[0033] When the formwork system slides to the top of the arch and is sealed and has strong demoulding strength, the telescopic cylinder of the lifting and demoulding system is started to separate the formwork system from the concrete; then the rotary sliding system is started to rotate the formwork system to both sides, and then the translation system is started to move forward to the next warehouse number; this cycle is repeated to gradually complete the tunnel concrete support construction.

[0034] During the spray concrete construction process in step 3, strict requirements are placed on the water-cement ratio, slump and properties of the accelerator. Appropriate concrete indicators must be selected through rigorous experiments before the process is implemented to meet the requirements of concrete transportation, spraying into the warehouse, sliding and demoulding.

[0035] During the slipform construction process, concrete is sprayed directly into the space between the formwork and the excavated rock surface, achieving continuous operations of spraying concrete, sliding the formwork, demoulding, and curing.

[0036] When the equipment, materials and personnel are in place, the two sets of formwork systems on both sides of the tunnel are put in place, the end sealing is completed, and shotcrete is started. The shotcrete is sprayed from 270 degrees on both sides of the tunnel. Usually, a shotcrete robot is used to alternately spray from both sides of the tunnel. When the project volume is large and the strength requirements are high, two robots are used to carry out the operation simultaneously from both sides of the tunnel. The shotcrete must be carried out layer by layer from bottom to top. The first spraying must fill the formwork layer by layer, and then it slides up 300mm while spraying concrete. The concrete is squeezed onto the rock surface by rotating and sliding. In this way, a cycle of shotcrete spraying is completed step by step from bottom to top. After demolding, the sliding form is moved to the next warehouse number through the translation system. Only after completing this step-by-step process can the sliding formwork shotcrete be sprayed continuously.

[0037] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] 1. The present invention designs a set of circumferential sliding formwork, mounts it on an open-type TBM equipment, and organically combines it with its spraying concrete system. Concrete is directly sprayed or irrigated into the space between the formwork and the excavated rock surface. The distance between the rock surface and the formwork is the support thickness. The formwork is circumferentially slid by power equipment, and concrete is sprayed while sliding, achieving rapid and timely support, thereby achieving the goals of improving the working environment, increasing support efficiency, enhancing support effects, improving support quality, saving project costs, facilitating parallel operations, reducing cleanup work, promoting civilized construction, and matching TBM excavation efficiency.

[0039] 2. The present invention has a simple structure, fully automatic control and easy operation; after each cycle of construction is completed, it can be transferred to the next position in a relatively short time.

[0040] 3. The present invention utilizes a manipulator to directly spray concrete into the formwork, so that the concrete can be fully utilized with almost no rebound, which greatly saves the cost of concrete, effectively controls dust, improves the working environment, reduces cleaning work, and is conducive to civilized construction.

[0041] 4. The present invention can spray the designed thickness in one time, the concrete has dense internal quality, reliable thickness and strength, smooth surface and guaranteed quality.

[0042] 5. The present invention has a high construction speed, can effectively improve TBM efficiency, and match the excavation efficiency, which is conducive to improving the tunnel construction speed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0044] Figure 1 It is the main view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Medium AA view.

[0046] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of middle B.

[0047] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of center C.

[0048] In the figure: support system 1, formwork system 2, rotary sliding system 3, translation system 4, concrete spraying system 5, lifting and demoulding system 6, tunnel 7, sprayed concrete section 8, excavated rock face 9, spraying concrete 10, vault capping position 11;

[0049] Spray concrete truck connecting bridge 101, TBM body 102, TBM track 103, track wheel device 104;

[0050] Arc template 201, end flexible template 202;

[0051] Annular beam 301, rotating frame 302, second hydraulic motor 303, second gear 304, ring gear 305, sliding seat 306;

[0052] Linear slide 401, rack 402, first gear 403, first hydraulic motor 404;

[0053] Concrete spraying nozzle 501, manipulator 502, manipulator support 503;

[0054] Telescopic oil cylinder 601 , compression spring 602 , guide rod 603 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0056] Example 1:

[0057] See also Figure 1-4The slipform construction system for TBM tunnel concrete spraying includes a support system 1 for supporting and carrying the entire system; the spraying truck connecting bridge 101 of the support system 1 is equipped with a translation system 4 for driving the formwork system 2 to move along the tunnel excavation direction; the translation system 4 is supported and installed with a rotary sliding system 3 for driving the formwork system 2 to slide along the circumferential direction of the tunnel; the rotary sliding system 3 is fixedly installed with a lifting and demolding system 6 for supporting and demolding the formwork system 2; the top of the lifting and demolding system 6 is equipped with a formwork system 2; the spraying truck connecting bridge 101 is equipped with a concrete spraying system 5 for spraying concrete. By adopting the above-mentioned construction system, it is mounted on the open TBM equipment and organically combined with its shotcrete system. Concrete can be sprayed or irrigated directly into the space between the formwork and the excavated rock surface. The distance between the rock surface and the formwork is the support thickness. The formwork is circumferentially slid by relying on power equipment. Concrete is sprayed while sliding to achieve rapid and timely support, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the working environment, increasing support efficiency, enhancing support effects, improving support quality, saving project costs, facilitating parallel operations, reducing cleaning work, promoting civilized construction, and matching TBM excavation efficiency.

[0058] Furthermore, the support system 1 includes a TBM body 102 , and a concrete spraying vehicle connecting bridge 101 is mounted at the inner center of the TBM body 102 ; the TBM body 102 is rollingly supported on a TBM track 103 via a track wheel device 104 .

[0059] The support system 1 is the skeleton of the slipform device and also the supporting structure of the formwork, rotation, sliding, translation, lifting and demoulding systems. It mainly uses the TBM spray concrete truck connecting bridge 101 as support.

[0060] Furthermore, the translation system 4 includes a rack 402 fixed to the concrete spraying vehicle connecting bridge 101 of the support system 1. The rack 402 meshes with a first gear 403, which is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of a first hydraulic motor 404, which is fixedly mounted on the rotary sliding system 3. A linear slide 401 is mounted on the concrete spraying vehicle connecting bridge 101, and the linear slide 401 forms a sliding fit with the sliding seat 306 on the rotary sliding system 3. The translation system 4 is a device that allows the template to move back and forth along the tunnel axis. It is mounted on the concrete spraying vehicle connecting bridge 101 and utilizes the translation rack of the concrete spraying manipulator. Driven by a hydraulic motor, a reducer, and a rack and pinion transmission, the rotation frame can be moved back and forth to achieve positioning and movement of the concrete spraying position along the tunnel axis. Its travel speed matches that of the concrete spraying manipulator, and the driving force must be calculated.

[0061] Furthermore, the structure of the rotary sliding system 3 is the same as the rotary sliding system of the concrete spraying robot inside the TBM; the rotary sliding system 3 includes an annular beam 301, and the annular beam 301 is slidingly supported on the concrete spraying truck connecting bridge 101 of the support system 1 through a sliding seat 306; a ring gear 305 is installed on the annular beam 301, and the ring gear 305 is engaged with the second gear 304 on the output shaft of the second hydraulic motor 303. The second hydraulic motor 303 is fixedly installed on the rotating frame 302, and the rotating frame 302 forms a sliding fit with the annular slide rail fixed on the annular beam 301 through a slider; the rotating frame 302 is equipped with a lifting and demoulding system 6. The aforementioned rotary sliding system 3 is key to the circumferential rotation of the formwork. The ring beam 301 and gear ring are standard products that can be customized based on tunnel characteristics and can be modeled after the ring beam design of a concrete spraying robot. The gear ring is fixed to the ring beam 301. The formwork is fixed to the rotating frame 302. A rotating trolley provides power for the circumferential sliding of the formwork, and its gears match the gear ring. The trolley drives the rotating frame 302 via a hydraulic motor and a reducer, and the gear ring rotates circumferentially along the ring beam, achieving the sliding and spraying function. Its rotational speed matches the spraying speed, and the rotational torque must be selected through calculation, taking into account sliding friction, concrete lateral pressure, and a sufficient safety factor.

[0062] Furthermore, there are two groups of rotating frames 302, which are relatively independently arranged on the ring beam 301. The use of two groups improves the construction efficiency to a certain extent.

[0063] Furthermore, the lifting and demolding system 6 comprises a telescopic cylinder 601 fixed to the rotating frame 302 of the rotary sliding system 3. The output shaft of the telescopic cylinder 601 is mounted with a guide rod 603, which is fitted with a compression spring 602. The formwork system 2 is fixed to the top of the guide rod 603. Once the vault concrete is sealed and strengthened, it can be demolded. Demolding is achieved using a hydraulic telescopic cylinder. The cylinder's stroke and maximum thrust are determined by factors such as concrete lateral pressure and frictional resistance. The telescopic cylinder is installed between the sliding frame and the formwork and is equipped with a guide device and spring to adapt to changes in the sliding formwork working conditions.

[0064] The slipform system utilizes a forward and backward travel mechanism, a circumferential rotation mechanism, and a slipform lifting mechanism for positioning, movement, sliding, and demolding, thus achieving its function. Concrete nozzles are located at the front, rear, and circumferential locations of the slipform, allowing for adjustment of nozzle positions based on spray-mixing performance. If necessary, overlapping slipforms and overlapping brackets can be installed to increase formwork size.

[0065] Furthermore, the formwork system 2 includes an arc-shaped formwork 201 installed at the end of the guide rod 603 of the lifting and demoulding system 6, and the end of the arc-shaped formwork 201 is provided with an end flexible formwork 202. The formwork system 2 is a mold for spraying concrete. It can be processed into an arc shape with steel plates according to the characteristics of the support section, and ribbed with steel sections to ensure sufficient strength and rigidity. The width of the formwork arc is generally about 1 meter, taking into account factors such as the initial setting time of the concrete, the sliding speed, and the demoulding strength; the length of the formwork is generally about 3 meters, taking into account factors such as the steel support spacing, the TBM cycle progress, and the support speed. In order to increase the practicality of the formwork, a hinge with a width of 300-500mm can be installed at the rear and bottom of the formwork to appropriately increase the length and width of the formwork to adapt to changes in relevant conditions during the support process. At the same time, an adjustable end flexible formwork is set at the front end of the formwork to adapt to changes in the thickness of different surrounding rock supports to facilitate end sealing. The template is divided into a left and a right side, fixed on the rotating frame, and can slide synchronously or individually along the ring beam.

[0066] Furthermore, the concrete spraying system 5 includes a manipulator bracket 503 mounted on the rotating sliding system 3 within the TBM body. A manipulator 502 is fixed to the manipulator bracket 503, and a concrete spraying nozzle 501 is mounted at the end of the manipulator 502. The key points of the slipform spraying concrete support construction process are threefold: first, strict requirements are placed on the concrete properties: water-cement ratio, slump, and especially on the accelerating setting agent. Appropriate concrete indicators must be selected through rigorous experiments before the process is implemented to meet requirements such as concrete transportation, spraying into the warehouse, sliding, and demolding. Second, strict requirements are placed on the performance of the spraying concrete equipment. High-performance concrete spraying equipment must be selected to improve construction efficiency. Third, strict requirements are placed on the quality of the operating technicians. Multi-skilled technicians must be selected to ensure the effective implementation of the process.

[0067] Example 2:

[0068] A method for tunnel concrete spraying construction using a TBM tunnel concrete spraying slipform construction system comprises the following steps:

[0069] Step 1: Slipform construction system production:

[0070] Based on the structure of the entire slipform construction system, if it is retrofitted or modified using an existing TBM, the implementation should be entrusted to a professional manufacturer. It must be compatible with the shotcrete manipulator carried by the TBM. If it is manufactured simultaneously with the TBM, it should be closely integrated with the shotcrete system, considering the use of a common ring beam and rotating frame to achieve the integration of slipform and shotcrete.

[0071] Step 2: Installation of slipform construction system:

[0072] Combine and install the prepared slipform construction system components with the TBM. After installation, whether it is retrofitted or directly brought in, it must be installed and debugged by a professional manufacturer and must match the functions of the TBM and shotcrete robot.

[0073] Step 3: Spray concrete construction:

[0074] The concrete spraying machine is used to drive the concrete spraying nozzle 501 through the manipulator 502 to spray concrete into the gap between the curved template 201 and the excavated rock surface 9. The process strictly follows the layered and phased spraying to gradually fill the template. Then, the template system 2 is rotated while spraying concrete 10. The process strictly follows the principle of layered uniform spraying and synchronous sliding. In this way, the concrete spraying construction is completed from bottom to top in a cyclic and gradual manner. When the construction reaches the top of the arch 11, considering the convenience of construction, the concrete spraying is directly adopted for blocking.

[0075] Step 4: Rotation and sliding of template system 2:

[0076] The initial lifting of the formwork system 2 should be carried out slowly. During this process, the rotating sliding system 3, formwork system 2 and related facilities should be fully and systematically inspected under load. Any problems found should be promptly addressed. Normal lifting can only be carried out after everything is normal. The speed of the arch sections on both sides gradually slows down as the sliding formwork system 2 slides. In particular, the speed should be strictly controlled after the sliding enters the waist and arch crown sections. Continuous operation should be maintained as much as possible. A dedicated person must observe the surface quality of the demoulding concrete to determine the appropriate sliding time and sliding speed. This needs to be determined based on comprehensive tests of concrete properties, feed rate, ambient temperature, and demoulding strength.

[0077] Step 5: Concrete defect elimination and maintenance:

[0078] After demoulding, any problems such as insufficient surface flatness, inadequate top sealing, and misalignment between cycles should be promptly eliminated. In order to ensure the quality of the concrete, water mist should be sprayed on the demoulding sprayed concrete for timely maintenance.

[0079] Step 6: lowering and translating the template system 2;

[0080] When the formwork system 2 slides to the arch capping position 11 and is sealed and has strong demoulding strength, the telescopic cylinder of the lifting and demoulding system 6 is started to separate the formwork system 2 from the concrete; then the rotary sliding system 3 is started to rotate the formwork system 2 to both sides, and then the translation system 4 is started to move forward to the next warehouse number; this sequence is repeated to gradually complete the tunnel concrete support construction.

[0081] During the spray concrete construction process in step 3, strict requirements are placed on the water-cement ratio, slump and properties of the accelerator. Appropriate concrete indicators must be selected through rigorous experiments before the process is implemented to meet the requirements of concrete transportation, spraying into the warehouse, sliding and demoulding.

[0082] During the slipform construction process, concrete is sprayed directly into the space between the formwork and the excavated rock surface, achieving continuous operations of spraying concrete, sliding the formwork, demoulding, and curing.

[0083] When the equipment, materials and personnel are in place, the two sets of formwork systems 2 on both sides of the tunnel are put in place, the end sealing is completed, and shotcrete is started. The shotcrete is sprayed from 270 degrees on both sides of the tunnel. Usually, a shotcrete robot is used to alternately spray from both sides of the tunnel. When the project volume is large and the strength requirements are high, two robots are used to carry out the operation simultaneously from both sides of the tunnel. The shotcrete must be carried out layer by layer from bottom to top. The first spraying must fill the formwork layer by layer, and then it slides up 300mm while spraying concrete. The concrete is squeezed onto the rock surface by rotating and sliding. In this way, a cycle of shotcrete spraying is completed step by step from bottom to top. After demoulding, the sliding form is moved to the next warehouse number through the translation system. Only after completing this step-by-step process can the sliding formwork shotcrete be continuously operated.

Claims

1. The slipform construction system for TBM tunnel concrete spraying is characterized by: including a support system (1) for supporting and carrying the entire system; The spraying truck connecting bridge (101) of the support system (1) is equipped with a translation system (4) for driving the formwork system (2) to move along the tunnel excavation direction; The translation system (4) is supported and mounted with a rotational sliding system (3) for driving the template system (2) to slide along the tunnel annular direction; A lifting and demoulding system (6) for supporting and demoulding the template system (2) is fixedly installed on the rotary sliding system (3); A template system (2) is installed on the top of the lifting and demoulding system (6); The concrete spraying vehicle connecting bridge (101) is equipped with a concrete spraying system (5) for spraying concrete; The translation system (4) includes a rack (402), the rack (402) is fixed on the concrete spraying vehicle connecting bridge (101) of the support system (1); the rack (402) is meshed with a first gear (403) for transmission, the first gear (403) is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of a first hydraulic motor (404), the first hydraulic motor (404) is fixedly mounted on the rotary sliding system (3), a linear slide rail (401) is mounted on the concrete spraying vehicle connecting bridge (101), and the linear slide rail (401) forms a sliding fit with a sliding seat (306) on the rotary sliding system (3); The concrete spraying system (5) comprises a manipulator support (503) mounted on a rotary sliding system (3) inside a TBM body, a manipulator (502) being fixed on the manipulator support (503), and a concrete spraying nozzle (501) being mounted at the end of the manipulator (502).

2. The slipform construction system for TBM tunnel concrete spraying according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The support system (1) comprises a TBM body (102), wherein a concrete spraying vehicle connecting bridge (101) is mounted on the central portion of the TBM body (102); the TBM body (102) is rollingly supported on a TBM track (103) via a track wheel device (104).

3. The slipform construction system for TBM tunnel concrete spraying according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rotating sliding system (3) includes an annular beam (301), and the annular beam (301) is slidably supported on a concrete spraying truck connecting bridge (101) of the support system (1) through a sliding seat (306); a gear ring (305) is installed on the annular beam (301), and the gear ring (305) is meshed with a second gear (304) on the output shaft of a second hydraulic motor (303). The second hydraulic motor (303) is fixedly installed on a rotating frame (302), and the rotating frame (302) forms a sliding fit with an annular slide rail fixed on the annular beam (301) through a slider; the rotating frame (302) is equipped with a lifting and demoulding system (6).

4. The slipform construction system for TBM tunnel concrete spraying according to claim 3 is characterized in that: There are two groups of rotating frames (302), which are relatively independently arranged on the annular beam (301).

5. The slipform construction system for TBM tunnel concrete spraying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting and demoulding system (6) comprises a telescopic oil cylinder (601) fixed on a rotating frame (302) of a rotating sliding system (3); an output shaft of the telescopic oil cylinder (601) is mounted with a guide rod (603), and a compression spring (602) is mounted on the guide rod (603); the template system (2) is fixed to the top end of the guide rod (603).

6. The slipform construction system for TBM tunnel concrete spraying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The template system (2) comprises a curved template (201) mounted at the end of a guide rod (603) of a lifting and demoulding system (6), and a flexible template (202) is provided at the end of the curved template (201).

7. A method for tunnel concrete spraying construction using the slipform construction system for TBM tunnel concrete spraying according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Slipform construction system production: Based on the structure of the entire slipform construction system, if it is retrofitted or modified using an existing TBM, the implementation should be entrusted to a professional manufacturer. It must be compatible with the shotcrete manipulator carried by the TBM. If it is manufactured simultaneously with the TBM, it should be closely integrated with the shotcrete system, considering the use of a common ring beam and rotating frame to achieve the integration of slipform and shotcrete. Step 2: Installation of slipform construction system: Combine and install the prepared slipform construction system components with the TBM. After installation, whether it is retrofitted or directly brought in, it must be installed and debugged by a professional manufacturer and must match the functions of the TBM and shotcrete robot. Step 3: Spray concrete construction: The concrete spraying machine is used to drive the concrete spraying nozzle (501) through the manipulator (502) to spray concrete into the gap between the arc-shaped template (201) and the excavated rock surface (9). The process strictly follows the layered and phased spraying process to gradually fill the template. Then, the template system (2) is rotated while spraying concrete (10). The process strictly follows the principle of layered uniform spraying and synchronous sliding. In this way, the concrete spraying construction is completed from bottom to top in a cyclic and progressive manner. When the construction reaches the top of the arch (11), the concrete spraying is directly used for blocking. Step 4: Rotation and sliding of the template system (2): The initial sliding of the formwork system (2) should be carried out slowly, and during this process, the rotating sliding system (3), the formwork system (2) and related facilities should be comprehensively and systematically inspected under load. If any problems are found, they should be dealt with in a timely manner. Normal sliding can be carried out only after everything is normal. The speed of the arch sections on both sides gradually slows down as the formwork system (2) of the sliding formwork is lifted. After sliding into the waist and the arch crown, the speed should be strictly controlled and continuous operation should be maintained as much as possible. A dedicated person should observe the surface quality of the demoulding concrete to determine the appropriate sliding time and sliding speed, which should be determined based on a comprehensive test of concrete properties, feed rate, ambient temperature and demoulding strength. Step 5: Concrete defect elimination and maintenance: After demoulding, any problems such as insufficient surface flatness, inadequate top sealing, and misalignment between cycles should be promptly eliminated. In order to ensure the quality of the concrete, water mist should be sprayed on the demoulding sprayed concrete for timely maintenance. Step 6: lowering and translating the template system (2); When the formwork system (2) slides to the top sealing position (11) of the arch and is sealed and has strong demoulding strength, the telescopic cylinder of the lifting and demoulding system (6) is started to separate the formwork system (2) from the concrete; then the rotary sliding system (3) is started to rotate the formwork system (2) to both sides, and then the translation system (4) is started to move forward to the next warehouse number; this cycle is repeated to gradually complete the tunnel concrete support construction.

8. The method for performing tunnel concrete spraying construction using the slipform construction system for TBM tunnel concrete spraying according to claim 7, characterized in that: During the spray concrete construction process in step 3, strict requirements are placed on the water-cement ratio, slump and properties of the accelerator. Appropriate concrete indicators must be selected through rigorous experiments before the process is implemented to meet the requirements of concrete transportation, spraying into the warehouse, sliding and demoulding. During the slipform construction process, concrete is sprayed directly into the space between the formwork and the excavated rock surface, achieving continuous operations of spraying concrete, sliding the formwork, demoulding, and curing. When the equipment, materials and personnel are ready, the two sets of formwork systems (2) on both sides of the tunnel are put in place, the end plugging is completed, and the spraying of concrete begins. The spraying of concrete starts from the 270-degree position on both sides of the tunnel. Usually, one spraying manipulator is used to spray alternately from both sides of the tunnel. When the project volume is large and the strength requirement is high, two manipulators are used to carry out the operation simultaneously from both sides of the tunnel. The spraying of concrete must be carried out layer by layer from bottom to top. The first spraying must be carried out to fill the formwork layer by layer. Then, it slides up 300mm while spraying concrete. The concrete is squeezed onto the rock surface by rotating and sliding. In this way, a cycle of spraying concrete is gradually completed from bottom to top. After demoulding, the sliding form is moved to the next bin number through the translation system. Only after this step-by-step process can the sliding formwork spraying of concrete be carried out continuously.

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