A biodegradable bamboo fiber-plastic composite material and a manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a biodegradable bamboo fiber-plastic composite material and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the biodegradable bamboo fiber-plastic composite material is obtained by compounding planed thin bamboo slices with biodegradable plastic. By compounding planed thin bamboo slices with biodegradable plastic, a novel biodegradable bamboo fiber-plastic composite material with excellent tensile properties and toughness is processed, and has the characteristic of being completely biodegradable. At the same time, the material has the high toughness and excellent axial tensile properties of bamboo, and has the excellent properties of plastic such as ductility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of biodegradable composite materials, and in particular to a biodegradable bamboo fiber-plastic composite material and a manufacturing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Biodegradable materials can degrade quickly under natural conditions, and the degradation products are easily consumed by microorganisms in the natural environment. Over time, they are finally degraded into carbon dioxide and water, and finally return to nature. With the rapid development of modern polymer material industry technology, plastic products have been widely infiltrated into various sectors of the national economy and various fields of people's lives, bringing great convenience to people. At the same time, the vigorous development of the plastics industry has also led to the intensification of environmental pollution problems.

[0003] Biodegradable polymer materials mainly include chemical synthesis type, natural polymer type, microbial synthesis type, and blending type. Among them, natural polymers have the advantages of good degradation performance and short degradation time. Wood and bamboo are natural biodegradable polymer materials. my country is particularly rich in bamboo resources. It is one of the countries with the widest distribution and the most resources of bamboo in the world, and is known as the "Bamboo Kingdom". Bamboo fiber reinforced biodegradable composite materials have been deeply studied in Japan, Europe and the United States, and some products have gradually achieved industrial production, mainly used in automotive parts, decoration, electrical products, packaging and other fields. For example, polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS) and other biodegradable polymer resins are used to compound bamboo fibers to manufacture new biodegradable composite materials. However, this type of composite material mainly uses bamboo fiber and biodegradable polymer resins to obtain new polymer materials through chemical bonding. However, at present, this type of product generally has problems such as high processing cost and poor material interface compatibility, which restricts its large-scale industrial promotion and application. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a biodegradable bamboo fiber-plastic composite material and a method for manufacturing the same, so as to solve the technical problems of high processing cost and poor material interface compatibility existing in the related art.

[0005] According to an embodiment of the present application, a biodegradable bamboo fiber-plastic composite material is provided. The biodegradable bamboo fiber-plastic composite material is obtained by compounding planed micro-thin bamboo slices with biodegradable plastic.

[0006] Preferably, the sliced ​​micro-thin bamboo slices are made by slicing bamboo strips after fine planing, or by slicing bamboo composite materials processed by side pressing or flat pressing.

[0007] Preferably, the sliced ​​thin bamboo slices have a thickness of 0.10 to 0.6 mm, a width of 5 mm to 1000 mm, and a length of 200 mm to 2500 mm.

[0008] Preferably, the processed biodegradable bamboo fiber-plastic composite material has a thickness of 0.12 to 0.65 mm.

[0009] Preferably, the biodegradable plastic is a bio-based biodegradable plastic.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present application, a method for manufacturing a biodegradable bamboo fiber-plastic composite material is also provided, comprising:

[0011] Bamboo strip processing → bamboo strip pretreatment → bamboo strip leveling → bamboo strip and biodegradable plastic composite → composite material weaving and molding.

[0012] Preferably, the method for pretreating the bamboo chips comprises pretreating the bamboo chips by physical method and / or chemical method.

[0013] Preferably, the physical method is selected from heat treatment, plasma treatment, and microwave treatment, and the physical and chemical method is selected from alkali treatment, acetylation treatment, addition of plasticizer, and coupling agent treatment.

[0014] Preferably, the bamboo strip leveling comprises:

[0015] The bamboo chips are treated by a pressurized hydrothermal combined treatment method, with a moisture content of 30-80%, a temperature of 50-200° C., and a unit pressure of 0.1-1.5 MPa.

[0016] Preferably, the composite of the bamboo pieces and the biodegradable plastic comprises:

[0017] When the film-like biodegradable plastic is combined with the bamboo slices, the bamboo slices and the biodegradable plastic are laminated and combined, and then formed under hot pressing conditions;

[0018] When the granular biodegradable plastic is combined with the bamboo slices, the biodegradable plastic is heated to form a molten state, and the biodegradable plastic is attached to the surface of the bamboo slices by rolling a coating on the surface of the bamboo slices.

[0019] When the fibrous biodegradable plastic is combined with the bamboo pieces, the narrow and long fibrous raw materials are processed into a wide-width coil by a mixed weaving method, and then processed by a hot pressing method to form a close combination of the biodegradable plastic and the bamboo pieces.

[0020] The technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application may have the following beneficial effects:

[0021] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the biodegradable bamboo fiber-plastic composite material of the present application is compounded with micro-thin bamboo slices and biodegradable polymer resin, and processed into a new type of biodegradable bamboo fiber-plastic composite material with excellent tensile properties and toughness through hot pressing of mixed bamboo slices and biodegradable plastics. It has the characteristics of complete biodegradability. At the same time, the material has the high toughness and excellent axial tensile properties of bamboo, and has the excellent properties of plastic such as ductility. The decorative veneer material with rich colors and various patterns is manufactured by surface printing patterns, and is applied to the fields of wall decoration, home veneer or packaging materials. It greatly expands the application scope of bamboo and improves the added value of bamboo processed products.

[0022] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below through embodiments.

[0024] The embodiment of the present invention provides a biodegradable bamboo fiber-plastic composite material, which is obtained by hot pressing bamboo chips and biodegradable plastics. The bamboo chips and biodegradable plastics are mixed and hot pressed to form a novel biodegradable bamboo fiber-plastic composite material with excellent tensile properties and toughness, which has the characteristics of complete biodegradability. At the same time, the material has the high toughness and excellent axial tensile properties of bamboo, and has the excellent properties of plastics such as ductility.

[0025] Embodiment 1:

[0026] Processing of micro-thin bamboo slices: Use finely planed bamboo strips with a length of 2500mm and a width of 5mm, and slice them along the thickness direction of the bamboo strips into micro-thin bamboo slices with a thickness of 0.1mm.

[0027] Bamboo pretreatment: Place the sliced ​​bamboo in a mixed solution of chloroacetyl and acetic anhydride (volume ratio 1:1) at a temperature of 60-100°C, with a mass ratio of bamboo to the mixed solution of 1:10-50, and the treatment time is 1-6 hours to improve the interfacial compatibility between the bamboo and biodegradable plastics and enhance the bonding strength. After the treatment, take out the bamboo and rinse it in clean water to remove the residual treatment solution on the surface of the bamboo, drain it and dry it naturally to a moisture content of 30-60%.

[0028] Bamboo chip leveling: Place the drained bamboo chips in a leveling machine and level and shape the bamboo chips at a temperature of 50°C and a unit pressure of 0.1MPa.

[0029] Composite bamboo chips with biodegradable plastics: composite the shaped bamboo chips with film-like biodegradable plastics (PLA) at a temperature of about 170°C and hot press at a unit pressure of 0.1MPa to composite the biodegradable plastics with the bamboo chips; in addition, when composite bamboo chips with granular biodegradable plastics (PLA), first heat the biodegradable plastics to a molten state at a temperature of about 170°C, and composite the biodegradable plastics with the bamboo chips by surface coating, and the thickness of the composite material is 0.12mm.

[0030] Composite material weaving molding: narrow and long composite materials and fibrous biodegradable plastics are mixed and processed into wide-width rolls, and then processed by hot pressing to form a close combination of biodegradable plastics and bamboo strips.

[0031] The bamboo fiber-plastic composite material processed by the above process has a toughness of about 20-50% higher than that of conventional sliced ​​thin bamboo materials, and a longitudinal tensile strength of more than 20%. Compared with currently commonly used plastic products, the composite material involved in the present invention has biodegradable properties, and the raw bamboo material used has excellent properties such as renewability and low cost, so that the cost of the manufactured composite material is controllable.

[0032] Embodiment 2:

[0033] Processing of thin bamboo slices: Use side-pressed bamboo laminated timber with a length of 2500mm and a width of 1000mm, and slice it along the thickness direction into thin bamboo slices with a thickness of 0.6mm.

[0034] Bamboo chip pretreatment: The sliced ​​bamboo is treated with 5wt% NaOH solution (temperature 60-100℃) for 2-6 hours to remove the polar groups on the bamboo surface and improve the interfacial compatibility between the bamboo and biodegradable plastics. Take out and rinse in clean water to remove the residual treatment solution on the surface of the bamboo, drain and dry naturally to a moisture content of 30%.

[0035] Bamboo chip leveling: Place the drained bamboo chips in a leveling machine and level and shape the bamboo chips at a temperature of 150°C and a unit pressure of 1.5MPa.

[0036] Composite bamboo chips with biodegradable plastics: composite the shaped bamboo chips with film-like biodegradable plastics (PHA) at a temperature of 70 to 180°C and hot press for 5 to 60 seconds at a unit pressure of 0.8 to 2.0 MPa to composite the biodegradable plastics with the bamboo chips; in addition, when composite bamboo chips with granular biodegradable plastics (PHA), first heat the biodegradable plastics to a molten state at a temperature of 70 to 180°C, and composite the biodegradable plastics with the bamboo chips by surface coating, and the thickness of the composite material is 0.65 mm.

[0037] Composite material weaving molding: narrow and long composite materials and fibrous biodegradable plastics are mixed and processed into wide-width rolls, and then processed by hot pressing to form a close combination of biodegradable plastics and bamboo strips.

[0038] The bamboo fiber-plastic composite material processed by the above process has a toughness of about 30-80% higher than that of conventional sliced ​​thin bamboo materials, and a longitudinal tensile strength of more than 40%. In addition, the surface of the material can be given a good surface decoration effect by printing, thermal transfer, etc., and can be used as a packaging material. Compared with the currently commonly used plastic packaging materials, this type of material has excellent characteristics such as biodegradability, renewable raw materials, and low cost.

[0039] Embodiment 3:

[0040] Processing of thin bamboo slices: Use side-pressed bamboo laminated timber with a length of 200mm and a width of 500mm, and slice it along the thickness direction into thin bamboo slices with a thickness of 0.3mm.

[0041] Bamboo pretreatment: The sliced ​​bamboo is treated with an acetone / water (50 / 50 v / v) solution containing 1% 3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane for 2 to 6 hours to remove the polar groups on the bamboo surface and improve the interfacial compatibility between the bamboo and biodegradable plastics. The bamboo is taken out and rinsed in clean water to remove the residual treatment solution on the surface of the bamboo, and then dried under vacuum at 60 to 100°C to a moisture content of 60%.

[0042] Bamboo chip leveling: Place the drained bamboo chips in a leveling machine and level and shape the bamboo chips at a temperature of 200°C and a unit pressure of 1.0MPa.

[0043] Composite bamboo chips with biodegradable plastics: composite the shaped bamboo chips with film-like biodegradable plastics (polycaprolactone (PCL)) at a temperature of 50 to 100°C and hot press for 5 to 60 seconds at a unit pressure of 0.8 to 2.0 MPa to composite the biodegradable plastics with the bamboo chips; in addition, when composite bamboo chips with granular biodegradable plastics (PCL), first heat the biodegradable plastics to a molten state at a temperature of 50 to 100°C, and composite the biodegradable plastics with the bamboo chips by surface coating, and the thickness of the composite material is 0.35 mm.

[0044] Composite material weaving molding: narrow and long composite materials and fibrous biodegradable plastics are mixed and processed into wide-width rolls, and then processed by hot pressing to form a close combination of biodegradable plastics and bamboo strips.

[0045] The bamboo fiber-plastic composite material processed by the above process has a toughness of more than 50% higher than that of conventional sliced ​​thin bamboo materials, and a longitudinal tensile strength of more than 40%. The material has excellent characteristics such as biodegradability, renewable raw materials, and low cost.

[0046] Embodiment 4:

[0047] Processing of thin bamboo slices: Use finely planed bamboo strips with a length of 1500mm and a width of 40mm, and slice them along the thickness direction of the bamboo strips into thin bamboo slices with a thickness of 0.4mm.

[0048] Bamboo pretreatment: Use 2-5% hydrogen peroxide solution to treat thin bamboo for 2-6 hours to remove some color-developing substances and polar functional groups on the bamboo surface, make the bamboo surface color uniform, and improve the interface bonding performance between bamboo and plastic. After treatment, take out and rinse in clean water to remove the residual treatment liquid on the surface of the bamboo, drain and vacuum dry at 60-100℃ to a moisture content of 80%.

[0049] Bamboo chip leveling: Place the drained bamboo chips in a leveling machine and level and shape the bamboo chips at a temperature of 160°C and a unit pressure of 0.8MPa.

[0050] Composite bamboo pieces and biodegradable plastics: plasticize polylactic acid (PLA) with polyethylene glycol (PEG), with a mixing ratio of PEG to PLA of 20 to 50 wt%, and composite it with flattened bamboo pieces in a molten state, at a temperature of 150 to 190° C., and hot press for 5 to 60 seconds at a unit pressure of 0.1 to 2.0 MPa, so that the biodegradable plastic and bamboo pieces are composited into a shape; or composite the biodegradable plastic and bamboo pieces by surface coating in a molten state, and the thickness of the composite material is 0.45 mm.

[0051] Composite material weaving molding: narrow and long composite materials and fibrous biodegradable plastics are mixed and processed into wide-width rolls, and then processed by hot pressing to form a close combination of biodegradable plastics and bamboo strips.

[0052] The bamboo fiber-plastic composite material processed by the above process has a toughness of more than 60% higher than that of conventional sliced ​​thin bamboo materials, and a longitudinal tensile strength of more than 50%. The material has excellent characteristics such as biodegradability, renewable raw materials, and low cost.

[0053] In one embodiment, the bamboo pieces are made by planing bamboo strips after fine planing, or by planing bamboo composite materials after side pressing or flat pressing.

[0054] In one embodiment, the bamboo piece has a thickness of 0.10-0.6 mm, a width of 5 mm-1000 mm, and a length of 200 mm-2500 mm.

[0055] In one embodiment, the processed biodegradable bamboo fiber-plastic composite material has a thickness of 0.12-0.65 mm.

[0056] In one embodiment, the biodegradable plastic is a bio-based biodegradable plastic, and the bio-based biodegradable plastic is selected from polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA).

[0057] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a biodegradable bamboo fiber-plastic composite material, comprising: bamboo piece processing→bamboo piece pretreatment→bamboo piece leveling→bamboo piece and biodegradable plastic composite material→compounding the composite material into shape.

[0058] In one embodiment, the method for pretreating the bamboo chips includes pretreating the bamboo chips using a physical method and / or a chemical method.

[0059] In one embodiment, the physical method is selected from heat treatment, plasma treatment, and microwave treatment, and the physical and chemical method is selected from alkali treatment, acetylation treatment, addition of plasticizer, and coupling agent treatment.

[0060] In one embodiment, the bamboo strip leveling includes: treating the bamboo strips by a pressurized hydrothermal combined treatment method, with the moisture content of the bamboo strips being 30-80%, the temperature being 50-200° C., and the unit pressure being 0.1-1.5 MPa.

[0061] In one embodiment, the bamboo pieces and the biodegradable plastic are composited together comprising:

[0062] When the film-like biodegradable plastic is combined with the bamboo slices, the bamboo slices and the biodegradable plastic are laminated and combined, and then formed under hot pressing conditions;

[0063] When the granular biodegradable plastic is combined with the bamboo slices, the biodegradable plastic is heated to form a molten state, and the biodegradable plastic is attached to the surface of the bamboo slices by rolling a coating on the surface of the bamboo slices.

[0064] When the fibrous biodegradable plastic is combined with the bamboo pieces, the narrow and long fibrous raw materials are processed into a wide-width coil by a mixed weaving method, and then processed by a hot pressing method to form a close combination of the biodegradable plastic and the bamboo pieces.

[0065] The biodegradable bamboo fiber-plastic composite material of the present invention has the characteristics of being completely biodegradable. At the same time, the material has the high toughness and excellent axial tensile performance of bamboo, and has the excellent characteristics of plastic such as ductility. The decorative veneer material with rich colors and various patterns is manufactured by surface printing patterns, and is applied to the fields of wall decoration, home veneer or packaging materials. The application scope of bamboo is greatly expanded, and the added value of bamboo processed products is increased.

[0066] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present application after considering the description and practicing the contents disclosed herein. The present application is intended to cover any modification, use or adaptation of the present application, which follows the general principles of the present application and includes common knowledge or customary techniques in the art that are not disclosed in the present application. The description and examples are intended to be exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of the present application are indicated by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for producing a biodegradable bamboo fiber-plastic composite material, characterized in that: (1) Processing of thin bamboo slices: Use finely planed bamboo strips with a length of 1500 mm and a width of 40 mm, and slice them along the thickness direction of the bamboo strips into thin bamboo slices with a thickness of 0.4 mm; (2) Pretreatment of bamboo chips: Treat the thin bamboo chips with a 2-5% hydrogen peroxide solution for 2-6 hours to remove some of the color-developing substances and polar functional groups on the bamboo surface, making the bamboo surface color uniform and improving the interfacial bonding performance between the bamboo and the plastic; after treatment, take out the bamboo chips and rinse them in clean water to remove the residual treatment solution on the surface of the bamboo chips, drain them and vacuum dry them at 60-100°C to a moisture content of 80%; (3) Bamboo slice leveling: Place the drained bamboo slices in a leveling machine and level and shape the bamboo slices at a temperature of 160°C and a unit pressure of 0.8 MPa; (4) Composite bamboo pieces with biodegradable plastics: PEG plasticized PLA, the mixing ratio of PEG to PLA is 20-50wt%, composited with flattened bamboo pieces in a molten state, at a temperature of 150-190°C, hot pressing for 5-60s under a unit pressure of 0.1-2.0MPa, so that the biodegradable plastic and bamboo pieces are composited; or the biodegradable plastic and bamboo pieces are composited by surface coating in a molten state, and the thickness of the composite material is 0.45mm; (5) Composite material weaving: The narrow and long composite material and fibrous biodegradable plastic are mixed and processed into a wide-width roll, and then processed by hot pressing to form a tight bond between the biodegradable plastic and the bamboo strips.