Long-lasting decorative marking carrier

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to decorative marking carriers and methods for producing the same. In some embodiments, the decorative marking carrier comprises an ultraviolet ("UV") curable ink printed on a flexible film and bonded to an adhesive layer. The decorative marking carrier is able to withstand the conditions of the mouth for an extended period of time and can be used in conjunction with a dental appliance.

Description

[0001] Related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 901,091, filed September 16, 2019, which is incorporated herein by reference. Background Art

[0003] Existing methods for providing oral appliances with suitable decorative aspects may be less than ideal in at least some respects. Objects placed in the mouth should be biocompatible, and the mouth can provide a challenging environment for materials, at least in at least some respects. At least some existing inkjet printing methods may be less than ideal for oral appliances.

[0004] Ultraviolet (UV) inkjet printing is a digital printing technology that has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its combination of high speed, reliability, high image quality and excellent image durability. UV inkjet printing can be used to decorate thin plastic films because it does not require special coatings or layers, operates at low temperatures and the printing has no mechanical impact on the substrate.

[0005] Typical UV inkjet inks have very low viscosities to enable them to be jetted through the small nozzles of a printhead. To achieve this, UV inkjet inks may contain low-molecular-weight reactive monomers and low-molecular-weight photoinitiators. After being jetted through the printhead, the monomers polymerize and harden on the printed substrate when exposed to UV light. Generally, the polymerization reaction does not convert all of the monomers and photoinitiator, leaving unreacted portions that can easily migrate into the surrounding environment. At least in some cases, these monomer and photoinitiator combinations may be considered unsafe for human consumption, and their use may be limited to applications such as food packaging or medical device decoration. UV inkjet inks, known as low-migration inks, can serve as an alternative and are designed to limit the potential migration of residual ink compounds. They typically use a combination of highly reactive but low-viscosity monomers and diffusion-hindered photoinitiators. This combination can provide a high degree of polymerization while reducing levels of extractable compounds and can be used for food-safe packaging decoration.

[0006] At least some existing methods may not be well suited for use with oral appliances. Decorating irregularly shaped articles (e.g., dental appliances) relies on thin, flexible, and conformable films as image carriers. However, handling such films during printing and subsequent converting steps limits the types of films that can be used, and at least some existing films are not well suited for use with oral appliances.

[0007] One potential challenge associated with UV inks is that oxygen inhibition can lead to less-than-ideal curing. Due to their relatively low viscosity, UV inks are particularly susceptible to oxygen inhibition, which can slow the ink's curing response. To overcome this, one existing approach is to include higher levels of photoinitiators in inkjet inks to produce a fully cured ink film. However, such high concentrations of photoinitiators can compromise the ink's food safety and the final properties of the cured ink.

[0008] In view of the foregoing, there is a need for improved methods and apparatus for use with oral appliances. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In some embodiments, the decorative marking carrier includes an ultraviolet light ("UV") curable ink printed on a flexible film and bonded to an adhesive layer. The decorative marking carrier can be configured for use with the mouth for extended periods of time and can be used in conjunction with a dental appliance.

[0010] Incorporation by reference

[0011] All patents, applications, and publications mentioned and identified herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety, and should be deemed to be incorporated by reference in their entirety even if mentioned elsewhere in this application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] A better understanding of the features, advantages, and principles of the present disclosure will be obtained by referring to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings which set forth illustrative embodiments, in which:

[0013] Figure 1 An oral appliance and a surface-printed decorative indicia carrier are shown according to some embodiments;

[0014] Figure 2A shows a cross-section of a surface-printed decorative indicia carrier according to some embodiments;

[0015] Figure 2B Shown is a diagram of a method for fabricating a Figure 2A Method for printing decorative marking carrier on the surface of the substrate;

[0016] Figure 3A shows a cross-section of a surface-printed decorative indicia carrier having an overprint varnish according to some embodiments;

[0017] Figure 3B Shown is the fabrication process according to some embodiments Figure 3A Method for printing decorative marking carrier on the surface of the substrate;

[0018] Figure 4Ashows a cross-section of a reverse-printed decorative indicia carrier according to some embodiments;

[0019] Figure 4B Shown is the fabrication process according to some embodiments Figure 4A Method for printing decorative marking carrier on the surface of the substrate;

[0020] Figure 5A shows a cross-section of an edible decorative signage carrier according to some embodiments;

[0021] Figure 5B Shown is the fabrication process according to some embodiments Figure 5A Method for printing decorative marking carrier on the surface of the substrate;

[0022] Figure 6 illustrates a cross-section of a decorative indicia carrier including multiple indicia layers according to some embodiments;

[0023] Figure 7 shows a cross-section of a decorative indicia carrier including a lenticular structure according to some embodiments;

[0024] Figures 8A to 8B illustrates aspects of a method of applying a decorative marking carrier to an object according to some embodiments;

[0025] Figure 9 A method of applying a decorative marking carrier to an object according to some embodiments is shown;

[0026] Figure 10 A method of designing a decorative indicia carrier according to some embodiments is shown; and

[0027] Figure 11 A computing system according to some embodiments is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following detailed description provides a better understanding of the features and advantages of the invention described in this disclosure based on the embodiments disclosed herein. Although the detailed description includes many specific embodiments, these are provided by way of example only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention disclosed herein.

[0029] The presently disclosed surface-printed decorative indicia carriers can be used with a variety of objects (e.g., oral appliances). Examples of suitable oral appliances include sports guards, mouthpieces, braces, tooth positioners, retainers, apnea devices, jaw repositioning devices, and palatal expanders. Although reference is made to oral appliances, the presently disclosed decorative carriers can also be used with a variety of objects in addition to oral appliances.

[0030] Figure 1 An oral appliance 100 and one or more surface-printed decorative marking carriers 110 placed on the appliance are shown. The appliance 100 can be configured to fit over an entire dental arch 120. In other embodiments, the dental appliance can be designed to fit over some or all of the teeth in the upper or lower jaw. The dental appliance 100 can be made of a polymer shell or formed of another material and include a plurality of cavities shaped to accommodate corresponding teeth. Orthodontic appliances for positioning teeth are available from Align Technology.

[0031] In some embodiments, the dental appliance can include a multilayer material, a first layer of the multilayer material having a first elastic modulus, and a second layer of the multilayer material having a second elastic modulus less than the first elastic modulus. The dental appliance can also include various material combinations, including alternating configurations of hard and soft materials (e.g., a combination of hard, soft, and hard materials; a combination of soft, hard, and soft materials, etc.). Suitable polymer materials for the first polymer layer can include polyesters, copolyesters, polycarbonates, thermoplastic polyurethanes, polypropylene, polyethylene, polypropylene and polyethylene copolymers, acrylic acid, cyclic block copolymers, polyetheretherketones, polyamides, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyetherimides, polyethersulfones, polytrimethylene terephthalate, or combinations thereof (e.g., a mixture of at least two of the listed hard polymer materials). In some embodiments, the first polymer layer of the dental appliance can include polymer materials such as polycarbonates, copolyesters, polyesters, and thermoplastic polyurethanes. In some embodiments, the first layer can be composed of multiple layers, for example, two or three polymer layers coextruded to form a layer.

[0032] The first polymer layer can have a variety of physical properties that can, for example, improve a practitioner's treatment options. For example, physical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at yield, elongation at break, tensile modulus, flexural modulus, stress relaxation over time, and light transmittance can each be specifically tailored for a specific application. In some embodiments, the first polymer layer of the device can have at least one of the following physical properties: a tensile strength at yield between about 4000 pounds per square inch (psi) and 6500 psi, an elongation at yield greater than about 4%, an elongation at break greater than about 70%, a tensile modulus greater than about 150,000 psi, a flexural modulus greater than about 150,000 psi, a stress relaxation greater than 10% when tested for 24 hours in a humid environment (e.g., between about 90%-100% relative humidity), and a light transmittance between 400 nm and 800 nm greater than about 75%.

[0033] Suitable polymer materials for the second polymer layer can include styrene block copolymers (SBCs), silicone rubbers, elastomeric alloys, thermopolymerized elastomers (TPEs), thermopolymerized vulcanized rubber (TPV) elastomers, polyurethane elastomers, block copolymer elastomers, polyolefin blend elastomers, thermoplastic copolyester elastomers, thermoplastic polyamide elastomers, or combinations thereof (e.g., mixtures of at least two of the listed polymer materials). The second polymer layer can be the same material or a different material. In certain embodiments, different layers in the dental appliance are the same polymer material.

[0034] The second polymer can have a variety of physical properties. For example, physical properties such as hardness, ultimate tensile strength, elongation at break, tensile modulus, compression set, flexural modulus, and light transmittance can each be specifically tailored for a specific application. In some embodiments, the second polymer layer can independently have at least one of the following physical properties: a hardness of about 60A to about 85D, an ultimate tensile strength greater than about 5000 psi, an elongation at break greater than about 200%, a compression set at about 70°C greater than 40% after 24 hours, a flexural modulus greater than about 35,000 psi, and a light transmittance greater than about 75% between 400 nm and 800 nm.

[0035] As described herein, a layer of an apparatus can include a first polymer layer disposed between two second polymer layers. In one embodiment, a multilayer apparatus can include a first polymer layer of one type of material (e.g., a copolyester) and two second polymer layers of other types of materials that can be the same or different (e.g., two second polymer layers of a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer). In some embodiments, a multilayer apparatus can also include at least two first polymer layers of a polymer material. For example, the first polymer layer can include several polymer layers laminated together to form the first polymer layer. The laminated first polymer layer can include at least two layers of any combination of the following polymer materials: polyester, copolyester, polycarbonate, thermoplastic polyurethane, polypropylene, polyethylene, polypropylene and polyethylene copolymers, acrylic acid, cyclic block copolymers, polyetheretherketone, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, and polytrimethylene terephthalate. Similarly, in some embodiments, a multilayer apparatus can include at least two second polymer layers of a polymer material. In some embodiments, a layer of an apparatus can include a second polymer layer disposed between two first polymer layers. Any of the above materials can be used in this combination.

[0036] One or more decorative marking carriers 110 may be placed at any suitable location on oral appliance 100. Decorative marking carrier 110 comprises a suitable material for use with oral appliance 100. Although reference is made to UV curable inks, other printing techniques may be used, for example, water-based inks or solvent-based inks.

[0037] In some embodiments, the decorative carrier 110 comprises a polyolefin film to provide a combination of transparency, flexibility, and robustness suitable for use with appliances. For example, oriented polyolefin films such as biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films can be used as thin-gauge, highly transparent, and conformable films for decorative objects (e.g., oral appliances). As a thin film, BOPP film has appropriate stiffness in the machine direction during printing to reduce stretching of the film as it moves through the printing press rollers. These films can also have coextruded top layers that can be corona treated to improve print adhesion, in some cases eliminating the need for an additional topcoat.

[0038] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, non-contact printing processes such as inkjet printing can be used with thin BOPP films having thicknesses ranging from 35 microns to 60 microns, which can be processed through the process without significant stretching or webbreaking.

[0039] The ink can be configured to match the BOPP film, printhead, UV curing system, and other elements of the printing system and process. The process of designing a finely tuned ink system may involve refining printed image quality with good physical properties (e.g., adhesion, flexibility, and scratch resistance). Based on the teachings disclosed herein, one skilled in the art or of ordinary skill can design an ink system for providing high-quality, indelible marking with appropriate durability.

[0040] In some embodiments, incomplete curing of the ink can be addressed by first applying the UV ink and then applying and curing the overprint varnish (OPV). This approach enables the use of UV inks with lower levels of photoinitiators. This can be achieved by applying an OPV layer (preferably UV-curable) onto the previously partially cured ink layer and then exposing the combined ink-OPV bilayer to further UV irradiation. The OPV and ink can be formulated so that they are applied on top of each other, allowing the partially cured ink to fully cure while protected from atmospheric oxygen by the overlying OPV. In some embodiments, the ink of the OPV bilayer is exposed to a second dose of UV irradiation, which further generates free radicals throughout the underlying ink layer, thereby causing further conversion of unreacted monomers. In some embodiments, an in-line process for producing decorative markings using an ink-OPV combination includes first depositing the ink components, followed by a preliminary (or "pinning") UV cure, then depositing the OPV components, and then curing the ink-OPV layer with an appropriate dose of UV light. In some embodiments, the OPV component also provides functionality that may not be easily achieved with ink alone. For example, OPVs can be modified to provide the slip, abrasion resistance, and chemical resistance desired in the printed ink-OPV combination.

[0041] In some embodiments, an alternative way to achieve indelible marking of a mark is by printing a mirror image or reverse image that is visible through a transparent flexible film. This approach can reduce the need for ink for printing on an OPV-protected surface. This reverse printed marking can be produced by printing on a thin BOPP film as described herein, applying an adhesive to the printed side of the film above the ink, and pressing the combination onto a pre-silicone-coated polymer film or paper liner. The reverse printed marking can also be combined with white ink printed on the reverse image to create an opaque background, thereby improving the color density and graphic quality of the printed marking. In some embodiments, the color of the opaque background can be other than white. In some embodiments, the opaque background can have a color selected to match the color of the patient's teeth. In some embodiments, the opaque background can have a color selected within the range of human tooth colors.

[0042] Thin, flexible BOPP films printed with UV inkjet inks in either surface or reverse printing can then be combined with a pressure sensitive adhesive that adheres well to a variety of materials commonly used in medical and dental devices. In some embodiments, the pressure sensitive adhesive is a high tack synthetic rubber-based transfer adhesive designed for medical device applications and approved for use on the skin.

[0043] In some embodiments, the decorative marking carrier can remain durably adhered to the dental appliance. As used herein, "durably adhere" can refer to the adhesion properties of a material (e.g., a decorative marking carrier). As used herein, durably adhered can refer to a material that remains adhered to a surface even under moist and / or wet conditions and is able to withstand abrasion, friction, and / or other mechanical forces. Whether a material durably adheres to another material can be evaluated by any number of tests, including abrasiveness tests and / or liquid immersion tests (e.g., water immersion tests). In some embodiments, a process that produces a decorative marking carrier that remains adhered to a desired level (e.g., greater than 75%, greater than 90%, greater than 95%, greater than 99%, or 100%) after a 24-hour water immersion test (including for water at a temperature corresponding to the oral cavity) can be characterized as durably adhered, including for standard adhesion tests such as a tape test.

[0044] As used herein, "high humidity" or "humid environment" may refer to an environment that is substantially liquid. For example, the oral cavity of a living animal, including a human, may be considered a high humidity and humid environment herein. A body that is fully or partially immersed in a liquid may also be considered a humid environment.

[0045] Unless expressly limited otherwise, as used herein, "substantially" may mean a value that is within at least 20%, within at least 10%, or within at least 5% of a desired value, or is equal to a value.

[0046] As used herein, "soak time" may refer to the time that elapses between application of the ink / contact with the substrate and the curing process. For example, the precise soak time may depend on process conditions and material variables, including temperature, ink composition, material composition, and / or shape (e.g., adhesive composition and / or shape). Similarly, the associated device in which the decorative marking carrier will be used may affect the soak time. For example, a device requiring stronger adhesion may have a longer soak time than a device suitable for less adhesion.

[0047] As used herein, "operably coupled" may refer to a configuration between two or more components such that the functionality of each component is maintained. Operable coupling may include a configuration in which components are directly connected to each other and a configuration in which components are indirectly connected to each other.

[0048] As used herein, "polymer" may refer to a molecule consisting of repeating structural units linked by covalent chemical bonds, typically characterized by a large number of repeating units (e.g., equal to or greater than 3 repeating units, alternatively, in some embodiments, equal to or greater than 10 repeating units, in some embodiments, greater than or equal to 30 repeating units) and a high molecular weight (e.g., greater than or equal to 10,000 Da, in some embodiments, greater than or equal to 50,000 Da or greater than or equal to 100,000 Da). A polymer is typically the polymerization product of one or more monomer precursors. The term polymer includes homopolymers or polymers consisting essentially of a single repeating monomer subunit. The term polymer also includes copolymers formed when two or more different types of monomers are linked in the same polymer. Useful polymers include organic polymers or inorganic polymers, which may be in an amorphous, semi-amorphous, crystalline or semi-crystalline state.

[0049] As used herein, a "polymer network" may refer to a polymer composition comprising a plurality of polymer chains, wherein a majority (e.g., ≥80%) and optionally all of the polymer chains are interconnected, for example, via covalent crosslinks, to form a single polymer composition. In an embodiment, a radiopaque polymer is provided in the form of a crosslinked network, wherein at least some of the crosslinks in the network structure are formed by covalent bonds.

[0050] As used herein, " monomer " can refer to the reagent that can be polymerized under one or more specified conditions.Monomer reagent can comprise at least one monomer molecule, and wherein monomer molecule is the molecule that can be polymerized, thereby is the structural contribution structural unit of macromolecule or oligomer.In an embodiment, monomer reagent can be represented by average or main chemical structure, and comprises the monomer molecule with this chemical structure, but can also comprise the component with other chemical structures.For example, monomer reagent can comprise the impurity with the chemical structure except the average or main structure of reagent.Oligomer or oligomer reagent are also the reagent that can be polymerized under appropriate conditions.Oligomer reagent comprises oligomer molecule, and this oligomer molecule comprises the little multiple units of the molecule derived from the lower molecular mass.In an embodiment, the specific hyperbranched cross-linking reagent that is applicable to the present invention can be considered to oligomer reagent.

[0051] The term "biocompatible" refers to a material that, when placed in an in vivo biological environment, does not induce immune rejection or deleterious effects, referred to herein as adverse immune responses. For example, in embodiments, when a human or animal is exposed to or in contact with a biocompatible material, a biomarker representative of an immune response changes from a reference value by less than 10%, less than 20%, less than 25%, less than 40%, or less than 50%. Alternatively, the immune response can be determined histologically, where the local immune response is assessed by visually assessing markers including immune cells or markers involved in immune response pathways within or near the material. In one aspect, a biocompatible material or device, when determined histologically, does not significantly alter the immune response. In some embodiments, the present invention provides biocompatible devices configured for long-term use, such as for periods on the order of weeks to months, without inducing an adverse immune response. Biological effects can be initially assessed by measuring cytotoxicity, sensitization, irritation and intradermal irritation, acute systemic toxicity, pyrogenicity, subacute / subchronic toxicity, and / or engraftment. Biological tests used for supplemental evaluation include tests for chronic toxicity.

[0052] like Figure 2A , shows a surface-printed decorative marking carrier. The carrier includes a top printed laminate layer 20 and a bottom adhesive laminate layer 30. In some embodiments, the top printed laminate layer 20 includes a directional print layer 26. The directional print layer 26 includes a core layer 24, a first adhesive layer 23, and a second adhesive layer 25. The printed layer 26 comprises a thickness ranging from 10 μm to 100 μm (preferably, from 30 μm to 70 μm, for example, from 35 μm to 60 μm). The printed layer 26 can be made from a 35 μm transparent coextruded BOPP film sold by Taghleef Industries, Newark, DE, as Biofilm Bioseal-TSI Product CC4535, or a 60 μm coextruded double-sided heat-sealable BOPP film sold by Transcendia, Franklin Park, IL, as Transprop HSCT1-F. The first adhesive layer 23 extends over the core layer 24 and can extend completely adjacent to one surface of the core layer 24. The second adhesive layer 25 extends along the second surface of the core layer 24. In some embodiments, the exposed surface of the first adhesive layer is treated to enhance printed adhesion. For example, the surface treatment may include one or more methods such as corona, flame, or plasma treatment techniques.

[0053] The treated surface can then be decorated by an ink layer 22 printed using UV inkjet printing. The ink layer 22 can also include one or more specific colored inks and an optional white ink to provide opacity, thereby enhancing color density. The ink layer can be completely or partially adjacent to the surface of the top printed laminate layer. In some embodiments, the ink layer 22 is provided using UV inks sprayed by an inkjet printing system. In some embodiments, the ink layer 22 includes one or more of the following: an LED-cured UV ink from Espon with a digital varnish and a high-opaque white ink printed using an Epson SurePress L-6034VW from Epson America, Long Beach, CA, or an Amica NuviINK single-pass series UV ink printed using an Amica LR54 full-color inkjet web printer from Amica Systems, Irvine, CA.

[0054] In certain embodiments, bottom laminate layer 30 comprises pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31 and the removable protective liner 32 on the surface of pressure-sensitive adhesive.In certain embodiments, removable protective liner 32 comprises the release paper coated with silicone resin.Removable protective member can be divided into two pieces (piece) or more pieces.In certain embodiments, at least one of the pieces of protective member is obviously larger than another or other pieces and covers the main part of adhesive layer.In certain embodiments, suitable removable protective liner 32 comprises the bleached kraft paper coated with silicone resin on one side or both sides.In certain embodiments, removable protective liner 32 is included in the thickness in the range of from 100 μm to 200 μm (preferably, from 80 μm to 150 μm, for example, 90 μm).

[0055] In some embodiments, the decorative marking carrier is configured so that the adhesive layer 25 of the top printed laminate layer faces and contacts the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31 of the bottom adhesive laminate layer. In some embodiments, the top laminate layer 20 and the adhesive laminate layer 30 are completely adjacent at their interface. The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31 can be formed by an adhesive suitable for contact with the skin. The pressure-sensitive adhesive may include a high-viscosity synthetic rubber-based transfer adhesive designed for medical device applications and approved for use on the skin. The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31 can also be transparent enough to see through the surface of the dental appliance. The thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31 is in the range of from 50 μm to 200 μm (preferably, from 80 to 150 μm, for example, from 50 μm to 110 μm). In some embodiments, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31 includes 3M Product 1504XL sold by 3M Medical Specialties, St. Paul, MN; Polyken 3426A sold by Berry Plastics, Franklin, MA.

[0056] Figure 2B A method 200 for producing a printed decorative indicia carrier is shown. At block 210, a core film layer is formed. In some embodiments, the core film layer (e.g., a biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film) can be formed using a tubular process or a tenter frame process to stretch the film in the machine and transverse directions. In some embodiments, the core film layer can be provided to or otherwise received by a printer or fabrication machine for use in producing a printed decorative indicia carrier.

[0057] At frame 220, an adhesive layer is formed on the surface of the core layer. The adhesive layer can be formed on the outer surface or outer surface of the core film layer. In certain embodiments, the adhesive layer is a surface treatment of the core film layer. The surface treatment may include a process that enhances ink and printing adhesion on the surface of the core film layer. The surface treatment may include one or more of corona, flame, or plasma treatment techniques to prepare a surface that receives the ink layer. The surface treatment process can break the molecular chains of the surface polymer into a chain that allows polar functional groups to be added to the broken chains, thereby producing an outer surface that is more suitable for receiving ink and being coupled to an adhesive.

[0058] At block 230, an ink layer is formed on the adhesive layer. The ink layer may be formed by inkjet printing a UV curable ink onto the adhesive layer. The ink layer may include one or more inks. In some embodiments, the ink layer may include multiple layers of ink. For example, one or more first ink layers may include a mixture of primary ink pigments to produce a color image, while one or more second ink layers may include a white base layer to provide opacity to enhance the color density of the mark. In applications such as Figure 2A In the front-printed marking shown in FIG, the base layer can be printed before one or more color layers. In some embodiments, a UV curing step can occur between each printing operation. For example, after each layer is printed, the layer is cured using UV light. In some embodiments, the UV curing step occurs only after all ink layers have been printed. In some embodiments, the base layer is cured after it has been printed, and then the ink layer is printed on top of the cured base layer. Finally, the ink layer is cured.

[0059] At block 240, an adhesive layer and a protective liner are coupled to the core film layer. In some embodiments, a laminate layer comprising a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and a removable protective liner is coupled to the laminate layer as a unit. In some embodiments, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be applied to the core layer first, and then the laminate layer may be applied to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.

[0060] Although the blocks of method 200 are depicted as occurring sequentially, in some embodiments, the order of the blocks may be arranged differently. For example, the adhesive layer and protective liner layer may be coupled to the core layer before the ink is printed and cured on the core layer.

[0061] Figure 3AA surface-printed decorative marking carrier is shown, comprising a top printed laminate layer 20 and an adhesive laminate layer 30. The top printed laminate layer 20 comprises an oriented printed layer 26. The oriented printed layer 26 comprises a core layer 24, a first adhesive layer 23, and a second adhesive layer 25. The first adhesive layer 23 extends along the core layer 24 and may be completely adjacent to the surface of the core layer. The second adhesive layer 25 extends along the second surface of the core layer 24. In some embodiments, the exposed surface of the first adhesive layer is further treated to enhance printed adhesion. The treated surface can then be decorated by an ink layer printed using UV inkjet printing. The ink layer may be completely or partially adjacent to the surface of the top printed laminate layer. A transparent overprint varnish (OPV) is then applied over the UV ink to encapsulate the image area on the surface. The transparent OPV may be completely or partially adjacent to the image area to encapsulate the UV ink, for example, to completely encapsulate the UV ink. The transparent OPV may be applied by one or more techniques (e.g., direct coating, transfer coating, or printing). In some embodiments, the OPV layer is printed (e.g., by in-line UV inkjet printing). In some embodiments, the OPV layer is present only in the area where the ink layer is present. Bottom laminate layer 30 includes a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31 and a removable protective liner 32 extending over the surface of pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31. The decorative marking carrier can be configured such that the adhesive layer 25 of the top print laminate layer faces and contacts the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31 of the bottom adhesive laminate layer. In some embodiments, the top laminate layer 20 and the bottom laminate layer 30 are completely contiguous at their interface.

[0062] In some embodiments, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31 may preferably be formed of an adhesive configured to contact the skin. The pressure-sensitive adhesive may be a high-tack synthetic rubber-based transfer adhesive designed for medical device applications and approved for use on the skin. In some embodiments, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31 is transparent enough to see through the decorative marking layer 510. In some embodiments, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31 is transparent enough to see through the surface of the dental appliance. In some embodiments, the thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31 is from 50 to 200 μm (preferably, from 80 to 150 μm, for example, from 50 μm and 110 μm).

[0063] In some embodiments, pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31 comprises 3M Product 1504XL, sold by 3M Medical Specialties, St. Paul, MN; or Polyken 3426A, sold by Berry Plastics, Franklin, MA.

[0064] Figure 3BA method 300 for producing a printed decorative indicia carrier is shown. At block 210, a core film layer is formed. In some embodiments, the core film layer (e.g., a biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film) can be formed using a tubular process or a tenter frame process to stretch the film in the machine and transverse directions. In some embodiments, the core film layer can be provided to or otherwise received by a printer or fabrication machine for use in producing a printed decorative indicia carrier.

[0065] At frame 320, an adhesive layer is formed on the surface of the core layer. The adhesive layer can be formed on the outer surface or outer surface of the core film layer. In certain embodiments, the adhesive layer is a surface treatment of the core film layer. The surface treatment may include a process that enhances ink and print adhesion on the surface of the core film layer. The surface treatment may include one or more of corona, flame, or plasma treatment techniques to prepare a surface that receives the ink layer. The surface treatment process can cause the molecular chains of the surface polymer to break into chains that allow polar functional groups to be added to the broken chains, thereby producing an outer surface that is more suitable for receiving ink and coupling to an adhesive.

[0066] At block 330, an ink layer is formed on the adhesive layer. The ink layer may be formed by inkjet printing a UV curable ink onto the adhesive layer. The ink layer may include one or more inks. In some embodiments, the ink layer may include multiple layers of ink. For example, one or more first ink layers may include a mixture of primary ink pigments to produce a color image, while one or more second ink layers may include a white base layer to provide opacity to enhance the color density of the mark. In applications such as Figure 2B In the front-printed marking shown in FIG, the base layer can be printed before one or more color layers. In some embodiments, a UV curing step can occur between each printing operation. For example, after each layer is printed, the layer is cured using UV light. In some embodiments, the UV curing step occurs only after all ink layers have been printed. In some embodiments, the base layer is cured after it has been printed, and then the ink layer is printed on top of the cured base layer. Finally, the ink layer is cured.

[0067] At block 335, an overprint varnish layer is formed. The overprint varnish layer can be a transparent overprint varnish layer that encapsulates the ink image areas on the surface of the core layer. In some embodiments, the overprint varnish can be applied to the marking carrier by one or more of direct coating, transfer coating, or printing application. In some embodiments, the overprint varnish layer can completely encapsulate the ink printed on the ink layer, while in some embodiments, the overprint varnish layer can be applied only to areas where the ink layer is present.

[0068] In some embodiments, the ink layer is only partially cured before the overprint varnish layer is applied. In some embodiments, the ink layer is at least partially cured, e.g., fully cured, before the overprint varnish layer is applied and then cured. In some embodiments, the ink layer is at least partially cured but not fully cured before the overprint varnish layer is applied and then cured. In some embodiments, the ink layer and the overprint varnish layer are at least partially cured simultaneously.

[0069] At block 340, an adhesive layer and a protective liner are coupled to the core film layer. In some embodiments, a laminate layer comprising a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and a removable protective liner is coupled to the laminate layer as a unit. In some embodiments, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be applied to the core layer first, and then the laminate layer may be applied to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.

[0070] Although the blocks of method 300 are depicted as occurring sequentially, in some embodiments, the order of the blocks may be arranged differently. For example, the adhesive layer and protective liner layer may be coupled to the core layer before the ink is printed and cured on the core layer.

[0071] Figure 4A , a decorative marking carrier with reverse printing is shown. The decorative marking carrier with reverse printing includes a top printed laminate layer 20 and a bottom adhesive laminate layer 30. The top printed laminate layer 20 includes an oriented print layer 26. The oriented print layer 26 includes a core layer 24, a first adhesive layer 23, and a second adhesive layer 25. The first adhesive layer 23 extends along the first surface of the core layer and can be completely adjacent to the first surface of the core layer. The second adhesive layer extends along the second surface of the core layer. In some embodiments, the exposed surface of the first adhesive layer is treated to enhance printed adhesion. The treated surface can then be decorated with an ink layer 22, for example, by printing the ink layer on the treated surface (e.g., UV inkjet printing as described herein). The ink layer 22 can be completely or partially adjacent to the surface of the top printed laminate layer. The bottom laminate layer 30 includes a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31 and a removable protective liner 32 on the surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31. The decorative marking carrier can be configured so that the ink layer 22 of the top printed laminate layer faces and contacts the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31 of the bottom adhesive laminate layer. In some embodiments, the top laminate layer 20 and the bottom laminate layer 30 are completely contiguous at their interface.

[0072] In some embodiments, adhesive layer 25, core layer 24, and adhesive layer 23 are sufficiently transparent to allow ink layer 23 to be seen beneath these layers.

[0073] Figure 4BA method 400 for producing a printed decorative indicia carrier is shown. At block 410, a core film layer is formed. In some embodiments, the core film layer (e.g., a biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film) can be formed using a tubular process or a tenter frame process to stretch the film in the machine and transverse directions. In some embodiments, the core film layer can be provided to or otherwise received by a printer or fabrication machine for use in producing a printed decorative indicia carrier.

[0074] At frame 420, an adhesive layer is formed on the surface of the core layer. The adhesive layer can be formed on the outer surface or outer surface of the core film layer. In certain embodiments, the adhesive layer is a surface treatment of the core film layer. The surface treatment may include a process that enhances ink and printing adhesion on the surface of the core film layer. The surface treatment may include one or more of corona, flame or plasma treatment techniques to prepare a surface that receives the ink layer. The surface treatment process can cause the molecular chains of the surface polymer to break into chains that allow polar functional groups to be added to the broken chains, thereby producing an outer surface that is more suitable for receiving ink and being coupled to an adhesive.

[0075] At block 430, an ink layer is formed on the adhesive layer. The ink layer can be formed by inkjet printing a UV curable ink onto the adhesive layer. The ink layer can include one or more inks. In some embodiments, the ink layer can include multiple layers of ink. For example, one or more first ink layers can include a mixture of primary ink pigments to produce a color image, while one or more second ink layers can include a white base layer to provide opacity to enhance the color density of the mark. In applications such as Figure 4A In the reverse-printed indicia shown in FIG, the base layer can be printed after one or more color layers. In some embodiments, a UV curing step can occur between each printing operation. For example, after each ink layer is printed, the ink layer is cured using UV light. In some embodiments, the UV curing step occurs only after all ink layers have been printed. In some embodiments, the ink layers are cured after they are printed, and then the base layer is printed on top of the cured one or more ink layers, and finally, the ink layers are cured.

[0076] At block 440, an adhesive layer and a protective liner are coupled to the ink layer. In some embodiments, a laminate layer comprising a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and a removable protective liner is coupled to the laminate layer as a unit. In some embodiments, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be applied to the core layer first, and then the laminate layer may be applied to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.

[0077] Although the blocks of method 400 are depicted as occurring sequentially, in some embodiments, the order of the blocks may be arranged differently.

[0078] In some embodiments, the method of making a decorative marking carrier includes one or more of the following steps: treating the exposed surface of the adhesive layer 23 using corona treatment; applying a UV ink layer 22 to the treated surface of the adhesive layer 23 using inkjet printing to provide a top printed laminate layer 20; laminating the top printed laminate layer 20 to the bottom adhesive laminate layer 30; and cutting the resulting decorative marking layer into a desired size and shape.

[0079] The following additional disclosure is provided in accordance with additional and alternative embodiments as will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.Each of these embodiments is provided as a non-limiting example in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0080] In some embodiments, oriented print layer 26 includes one or more oriented polyolefin films, such as one or more biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films.

[0081] In some embodiments, the directional print layer 26 is coextruded and has adhesive layers 23 and 25 on both sides of the core layer 24. In some embodiments, the directional print layer 26 includes sufficient transparency to see through the ink layer 22. In some embodiments, the directional print layer 26 complies with FDA and at least some international regulations related to its use in contact with food or skin. In some embodiments, the directional print layer 26 includes a thickness in the range of from 10 μm to 100 μm (preferably, from 30 μm to 70 μm, for example, from 35 μm to 60 μm). The directional print layer 26 can include a 35 μm clear coextruded BOPP film sold by Taghleef Industries, Newark, DE, Biofilm Bioseal-TSI Product CC4535, or a 60 μm coextruded double-sided heat seal BOPP film sold by Transcendia, Franklin Park, IL, Transprop HSCT1-F.

[0082] The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31 can be formed by an adhesive suitable for contact with the skin. The pressure-sensitive adhesive can include a high-tack synthetic rubber-based transfer adhesive designed for medical device applications and approved for use on the skin. Suitable pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31 can be transparent enough to see through the surface of the dental appliance. The thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31 is in the range of from 50 μm to 200 μm (preferably, from 80 to 150 μm, for example, from 50 μm to 110 μm). In some embodiments, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31 includes 3M Product 1504XL sold by 3M Medical Specialties, St. Paul, MN; Polyken 3426A sold by Berry Plastics, Franklin, MA.

[0083] In certain embodiments, removable protective liner 32 comprises the release paper that is coated with silicone resin.Removable protective member can be divided into two or more sheets.In certain embodiments, at least one of the sheets of protective member is significantly larger than another or other sheets and covers the main part of adhesive layer.In certain embodiments, suitable removable protective liner 32 is included in the bleached kraft paper that is coated with silicone resin on one side or both sides.In certain embodiments, removable protective liner 32 is included in the thickness in the scope of from 100 μm to 200 μm (preferably, from 80 μm to 150 μm, for example, 90 μm).In certain embodiments, use the UV ink sprayed by inkjet printing system to provide ink layer 22.

[0084] In some embodiments, ink layer 22 includes one or more of: Epson's LED-cured UV inks with digital varnish and high-opaque white ink printed using an Epson SurePress L-6034VW from Epson America, Long Beach, CA; or Amica's NuviINK single-pass series UV inks printed using an Amica LR54 full-color inkjet web press from Amica Systems, Irvine, CA.

[0085] The decorative marker carriers can be produced in different sizes to fit various types of dental appliances and placed in a sterile bag, sealed and sterilized by conventional methods including the use of ethylene oxide or irradiation.

[0086] The carrier may include indicia for identification, such as a barcode or serial number, for example. This may be formed using an ink layer and printing as described herein, and may be provided in place of or in combination with a decorative printed pattern on the print layer.

[0087] Decorative label carrier having edible components

[0088] In some embodiments, the decorative marking carrier includes an edible component.The decorative marking carrier can include an edible colorant applied to an edible carrier, which can be combined with a film and adhesive layer as described herein.

[0089] The decorative marking carrier can be provided using an edible colorant applied to an edible carrier and also combined with the film and adhesive layer. The decorative marking carrier can be configured to be placed in the mouth for an extended period of time and can be used in conjunction with a dental appliance.

[0090] Figure 5AAn edible decorative indicia carrier is shown. The decorative indicia carrier includes a top laminate layer 520 and a bottom laminate layer 530 encapsulating a decorative indicia layer 510. Furthermore, the top laminate layer 520 includes a conformable film layer 522 having a removable protective layer 521 that is fully or partially adjacent to one surface of the conformable film layer 522 and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 523 on a second surface of the conformable film layer 522.

[0091] Decorative marking layer 510 includes an edible colorant layer 511 that is fully or partially adjacent to one surface of edible carrier layer 512. Bottom laminate layer 530 includes a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 531 and a removable protective layer 532 on one surface. Decorative marking carrier is configured such that edible colorant layer 511 faces adhesive layer 523 of top laminate layer and is fully or partially visible through removable protective layer 521, and a second surface of edible carrier layer 512, free of edible colorant, faces adhesive layer 531 of bottom laminate layer 530. Furthermore, top laminate layer 520 and bottom laminate layer 530 extend beyond the edges of decorative marking layer 510 on all sides to completely encapsulate marking layer 510.

[0092] In some embodiments, second removable protective layer 532 is a release paper coated with silicone. The removable protective member can be divided into two or more pieces. At least one of the protective member pieces can be significantly larger than the other pieces and cover a substantial portion of the adhesive layer. The peel load of the decorative indicia carrier from first removable protective layer 521 can be equal to or greater than the peel load of the second removable protective layer 532 from second adhesive layer 531 to reduce the risk of the decorative indicia carrier peeling off the first removable protective layer before the second removable protective layer can be removed.

[0093] In some embodiments, the second removable protective layer 532 is a bleached kraft paper coated with silicone on one or both sides. In some embodiments, the thickness of the second removable protective layer 532 is from 100 μm to 200 μm, preferably from 80 μm to 150 μm, for example, 90 μm.

[0094] In some embodiments, decorative marking layer 510 comprises a component that complies with FDA and most international regulations for its use in contact with food or skin.Decorative marking layer 510 can be made from edible components used in food and confectionery products.

[0095] In some embodiments, the edible colorant layer 511 comprises an ink having a component classified as a direct or indirect food additive and listed under the FDA's Drug Master File. In some embodiments, the edible colorant layer 511 comprises an ink designed for jet printing onto a food insert. In some embodiments, the edible colorant layer 511 comprises Colorcon NT36 IJ sold by Colorcon, Harleysville, PA; or edible refill inks and ink cartridges sold by Icinginks, Santa Maria, CA.

[0096] In some embodiments, the edible carrier layer 512 comprises a component that complies with the FDA and most international regulations regarding its use in contact with food or skin. In some embodiments, the edible carrier layer 512 comprises a food-based and edible component. The layer can be designed to receive the edible colorant layer 511 and provide a bright image with good resolution. In addition, the layer can have sufficient integrity to be imprinted using a continuous process such as inkjet, flexographic printing or offset printing, and can be cut into desired shapes and sizes without any degradation. In some embodiments, the thickness of the edible carrier layer 512 is from 100 to 200 μm, preferably, from 80 to 150 μm, for example, 150 μm. In some embodiments, the edible carrier layer 512 comprises edible wafer paper sold by Oasis Supply on the Amazon website; or chocolate transfer sheets sold by Inedibles.com.

[0097] Figure 5B Shows how to make Figure 5A A method 550 for forming an edible decorative marking carrier is shown and described. At block 552, an edible carrier layer is formed. The edible carrier layer can be formed from components that comply with FDA or other regulations for use in contact with food or skin, and can be formed from food-based or otherwise edible components. The edible carrier layer can be configured to receive an edible colorant.

[0098] In one embodiment, the colorant layer of the present invention is formed on the edible carrier layer.At frame 554, edible colorant layer is formed to form the decorative marking layer.Edible colorant layer can be formed by printing ink, and this printing ink is made by the component (for example, those components listed in the drug master file of FDA) that is classified as direct or indirect food additive.Edible colorant layer can be formed by edible ink jet printing on the edible carrier layer.In certain embodiments, the Colorcon NT36 IJ that can comprise Colorcon, Harleysville, PA sells or Icinginks, Santa Maria, CA sells.

[0099] At block 556, the decorative indicia layer is shaped. In some embodiments, the decorative indicia layer is die-cut using a die shaped according to the desired final shape of the decorative indicia layer. In some embodiments, a CNC router is controlled to cut the decorative indicia layer according to the desired final shape of the decorative indicia layer.

[0100] At block 558, the decorative indicia layer is encapsulated within a laminate layer. In some embodiments, one or more laminate layers are formed around the decorative indicia layer to encapsulate the decorative indicia layer within the one or more laminate layers. In some embodiments, the laminate layer includes an adhesive layer and a removable protective layer on the laminate layer. A first surface of the laminate layer, corresponding to a surface of the adhesive layer, is applied to the first surface of the decorative indicia layer, and the removable protective layer is applied to the second surface of the adhesive layer. In some embodiments, the laminate layer may include a compliant film layer between the adhesive layer on the first surface and the removable protective layer on the second surface.

[0101] In some embodiments, a first laminate layer (e.g., a bottom laminate layer) comprising an adhesive layer and a removable protective layer is applied to a first surface of the decorative marking layer, e.g., corresponding to a surface of the edible carrier layer, and a second laminate layer (e.g., a top laminate layer) can be applied to a second surface of the decorative marking layer, e.g., corresponding to a surface of the edible colorant layer.

[0102] In some embodiments, a cavity can be formed within the adhesive layer of the laminate layer. The cavity can be shaped according to the shape of the decorative indicia layer. In some embodiments, the laminate layer is sized and shaped such that the laminate layer extends beyond and around the perimeter or the entire perimeter of the decorative indicia layer, such that portions of the adhesive layer of the bottom laminate layer adhere to both the decorative indicia layer and the adhesive layer of the top laminate layer, while the adhesive layer of the top laminate layer adheres to the surface of the decorative indicia layer and the adhesive layer of the bottom laminate layer to encapsulate the decorative indicia layer.

[0103] In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a decorative marking carrier includes the following steps: applying an edible colorant layer 511 to a surface of an edible carrier layer 512 by one or more of printing, spraying, or brushing to provide a decorative marking layer 510; cutting the decorative marking layer 510 into a desired size and shape; inserting the cut decorative marking layer 510 between two continuous rolls of a top laminate layer 520 and a bottom laminate layer 530; applying pressure to firmly adhere the three layers to each other; and cutting the laminated decorative marking carrier into a size and shape such that the top laminate layer 520 and the bottom laminate layer 530 extend beyond the edges of the decorative marking layer 510 on all sides to completely encapsulate the marking layer 510.

[0104] In some embodiments, the conformable film layer 522 can be formed from a polyurethane film or a polyolefin film, which is attached to a removable paper or polyester film protective layer 521 and facilitates handling of the thin conformable film layer. In some embodiments, the conformable film layer 522 is sufficiently transparent to allow for viewing through the decorative marking layer 510. In some embodiments, the conformable film layer 522 complies with FDA and most international regulations for use in contact with food or skin. In some embodiments, the conformable film layer 522 has a thickness of from 10 to 100 μm, preferably from 20 to 50 μm, for example, 20 μm, 30 μm, and 50 μm. In some embodiments, the conformable film layer 522, with or without the protective layer 521, includes: 3M Product 9832F (formerly known as MSX-6362) sold by 3M Medical Specialties, St. Paul; or MBK 3820 and MBK 3202 sold by MBK Tape Solutions, Chatsworth, CA.

[0105] In some embodiments, the thickness of removable protective layer 521 is from 50 to 150 μm, preferably from 80 to 130 μm. In some embodiments, the purpose of removable protective layer 521 is to assist in handling compliant film layer 522. Certain choices of compliant film layer, particularly polyolefin film having a thickness of from 30 to 50 μm, may not require a removable protective layer.

[0106] In some embodiments, pressure-sensitive adhesive layers 523, 531 may preferably be formed from an adhesive configured for contact with the skin. The pressure-sensitive adhesive may be a high-tack synthetic rubber-based transfer adhesive designed for medical device applications and approved for use on the skin. In some embodiments, pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 523 is sufficiently transparent to allow for viewing through decorative marking layer 510. In some embodiments, pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 531 is sufficiently transparent to allow for viewing through the surface of a dental appliance. In some embodiments, pressure-sensitive adhesive layers 523 and 531 have a thickness of from 50 to 200 μm, preferably from 80 to 150 μm, for example, from 50 μm to 110 μm.

[0107] In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesive layer 523 comprises: 3M Product 1504XL sold by 3M Medical Specialties, St. Paul, MN; or Polyken 3426A sold by Berry Plastics, Franklin, MA.

[0108] Figure 6A surface-printed decorative marking carrier 600 is shown, comprising a top printed laminate 20 including a first marking layer 22 and a second marking layer 27, and an adhesive laminate 30. The top printed laminate 20 includes a directional print layer 26. The directional print layer 26 includes a core layer 24, a first adhesive layer 23, and a second adhesive layer 25. The first adhesive layer 23 extends along the core layer 24 and can be completely adjacent to the surface of the core layer. The second adhesive layer 25 extends along the second surface of the core layer 24. In some embodiments, the exposed surface of the first adhesive layer is further treated to enhance printed adhesion. The treated surface can then be decorated by a first marking layer 22 (e.g., an ink layer printed using UV inkjet printing). The ink layer can be completely or partially adjacent to the surface of the top printed laminate.

[0109] The decorative marking carrier 600 may include a second marking layer 27. The second marking layer may include additional features, such as glow-in-the-dark materials, glitter, additional coatings, and materials for reducing the reflectivity of the outer surface of the decorative marking carrier 600. In some embodiments, the second marking layer may be a second printed layer, such as a second ink layer. The second printed layer may include a printed ink that glows in the dark when stimulated by ambient light, may include glitter or other fine particles that reflect light, or may include a material that reduces the reflectivity of a layer of the aligner. In some embodiments, the second marking layer is a second film layer, wherein the film of the second film layer includes glow-in-the-dark properties, is embedded with a reflective material to produce a glitter effect, or includes a surface treatment to reduce reflection and glare.

[0110] As discussed above, the glow-in-the-dark effect can be provided as a film or through ink. In either embodiment, the glow-in-the-dark material can include a phosphor that emits visible light when stimulated. For example, the phosphor can be stimulated using ambient light or by using a flashlight, an LED light on a phone, or other light stimulus. Upon stimulation, the phosphor of the glow-in-the-dark material is stimulated and can emit visible light.

[0111] As discussed above, glitter effects can also be provided as films or via inks. In film form, the glitter effect can be provided by a film that includes reflective particles embedded within the film. The embedded particles can be distributed at different locations within the film and have surfaces oriented in different arrangements. In some embodiments, the glitter effect can be provided by particles having surfaces oriented in the same direction. In some embodiments, the reflective particles can be held suspended in a transparent or light-transmitting medium that is then painted or printed onto a support and then cured.

[0112] In some embodiments, the first marking layer and the second marking layer can include different inks or coatings. For example, the ink or coating of the first marking layer can be incompatible with the ink or coating of the second marking layer. In such embodiments, the ink of the first marking layer can be applied and cured before the second marking layer is applied on top of the first marking layer and cured.

[0113] In some embodiments, the first marking layer and / or the second marking layer can include a reflective material. For example, the marking layer can be formed from a film that includes a continuous or substantially continuous reflective surface. The use of such a reflective surface can provide a mirror-like finish on the decorative marking carrier. For example, in some embodiments, a gold or silver reflective film can provide a corresponding gold, silver, or metallic mirror finish.

[0114] In some embodiments, the marking carrier can include a surface that reduces reflectivity or glare. For example, the outer surface of an outer layer such as a varnish layer 21 or an ink or other marking layer 22 can be treated to provide a matte finish or other finish that reduces surface reflectivity of the surface. For example, a rubbing compound or other volatile compound can be applied to the outer surface to produce a matte finish. In some embodiments, the outer layer can include a film or material having surface or material properties that provide a matte finish. In some embodiments, ink or overspray can be provided on the outer surface of the marking carrier to reduce the reflectivity of the surface.

[0115] In some embodiments, a marking layer, such as ink layer 22, can include a color that changes based on its temperature, such as those provided by ink or other pigments. For example, the marking layer can be a first color or transparent when the temperature is at or below normal body temperature, and a second color when the temperature is above normal body temperature. For example, the ink or pigment can be colorless below 100°F and can turn red above 100°F. In some embodiments, another color transition threshold can be set, such as 99°F. In some embodiments, the color can change from a first color (e.g., green or white) at a first temperature to a second color (e.g., red or blue) at a second temperature. In some embodiments, the color or translucency of the material can change gradually based on the temperature. For example, the marking layer can be colorless below 96°F, turn from colorless to red between 96°F and 100°F, and remain red above 100°F. This color change can be achieved using thermochromic inks.

[0116] In some embodiments, a marking layer, such as ink layer 22, can include colors that change based on the intensity of light on the marking layer, such as those provided by ink or other pigments. For example, when the light intensity is equal to or below a first threshold, the marking layer can be a first color or transparent, and when the light intensity is above the first threshold, the marking layer can be a second color or opaque. In some embodiments, the shade or translucency of the material can gradually change based on the light intensity. For example, the marking layer can be a first shade or transparency when below a first threshold, transition from the first shade to a second shade or from transparent to opaque when a second light intensity threshold is reached, and then transition to the second shade or opaque when the light intensity is above the second threshold. This color change can be achieved using photochromic ink. In some embodiments, the marking layer can include silver chloride or other silver halide embedded in or held suspended within the ink.

[0117] In some embodiments, the ink layer can include markings indicating a customized logo or name to show support for or advertise a particular company, sports team, or cause. In some embodiments, such markings can be visible outside the wearer's mouth, such as on the upper incisors and canines.

[0118] In some embodiments, the marker can be placed in a location that is not visible to others when the patient is wearing the marker. For example, hiding the marker can be beneficial when the marker contains identifying information such as a barcode, 2D barcode, QR barcode, or other image, as well as information such as a trademark that identifies the source of the marker or the appliance to which the marker is attached.

[0119] In some embodiments, a transparent overprint varnish (OPV) can be applied to the first and second marking layers to encapsulate the image area on the surface. The transparent OPV can be completely or partially adjacent to the image area to encapsulate the UV ink, for example, to completely encapsulate the UV ink. The transparent OPV can be applied by one or more techniques (e.g., direct coating, transfer coating, or printing). In some embodiments, the OPV layer is printed (e.g., by online UV inkjet printing). In some embodiments, the OPV layer is only present in the area where the ink layer is present. The bottom laminate layer 30 includes a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31 and a removable protective liner 32, which extends on the surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31. The decorative marking carrier can be configured so that the adhesive layer 25 of the top printed laminate layer faces and contacts the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31 of the bottom adhesive laminate layer. In some embodiments, the top laminate layer 20 and the bottom laminate layer 30 are completely adjacent at their interface.

[0120] Figure 7A surface-printed decorative marking carrier 700 is shown, comprising a top printed laminate 20 including a lenticular print layer and an adhesive laminate 30. The top printed laminate 20 includes an oriented print layer 26. The oriented print layer 26 includes a core layer 24, a first adhesive layer 23, and a second adhesive layer 25. The first adhesive layer 23 extends along the core layer 24 and can completely abut the surface of the core layer. The second adhesive layer 25 extends along the second surface of the core layer 24. In some embodiments, the exposed surface of the first adhesive layer is further treated to enhance printed adhesion. The treated surface can then be decorated with a marking layer 22 (e.g., an ink layer printed using UV inkjet printing). The ink layer can completely or partially abut the surface of the top printed laminate.

[0121] The indicia layer 22 can be part of a lenticular layer 40. The lenticular layer can include a plurality of lenticular lenses 42 formed on top of the indicia layer 22. The indicia layer 22 can be composed of two images printed in alternating strips 44, 46. Each lens 42 is formed on a pair of alternating strips 44, 46 such that a first strip 44 representing a portion of a first image is formed on the front half of the lenticular lens 42, while a second strip 46 representing a portion of a second image is formed on the back half of the lenticular lens 42. A linear array of lenses can be formed on the alternating pairs of strips 44, 46 of the two images. The lenses, combined with the strips of images, allow the two images to be displayed to the user, each image being separately viewable from a different angle or range of angles.

[0122] The lenticular lenses 42 may be shaped based on the curvature of the surface of the object to which they will be applied, such that when the decorative marking is applied to a curved surface (eg, the curved surface of an orthodontic appliance), the lenticular lens layer displays two images.

[0123] In some embodiments, the exposed surface of the first adhesive layer is treated to enhance printed adhesion. For example, the surface treatment can include one or more methods, such as corona, flame or plasma treatment technology. The treated surface can then be decorated by using a layer of ink printed using UV inkjet printing. The ink layer can also include one or more specific color inks and optional white ink to provide opacity, thereby enhancing color density. The ink layer can be completely or partially adjacent to the surface of the top printed laminate. In some embodiments, the bottom laminate layer 30 includes a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31 and a removable protective liner 32 on the surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive. In some embodiments, the decorative marking carrier is configured so that the adhesive layer 25 of the top printed laminate layer faces and contacts the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31 of the bottom adhesive laminate layer. In some embodiments, the top laminate layer 20 and the adhesive laminate layer 30 are completely adjacent to each other at their interface.

[0124] Figures 8A to 8D Steps of a method for attaching a decorative marker carrier to an object, such as an orthodontic appliance, are depicted. Figure 8A A decorative indicia sheet 800 is shown. The sheet 800 includes twelve decorative indicia carriers 802. Figure 8A In the illustrated embodiment, the decorative indicia carrier includes a top laminate layer 808, a bottom laminate layer 806, and a decorative indicia 804 therebetween. As described herein, the decorative indicia 804 may include a core layer, one or more adhesive layers, one or more ink layers, a lenticular layer, and a varnish layer. In some embodiments, the decorative indicia 804 may also include one or more edible colorant layers and an edible carrier layer, as described herein. In some embodiments, the indicia carrier 802 may be any of the indicia carriers shown and described herein. Figure 8A As shown, in the first step of the application process, the first of the marking carriers 802 is separated from the decorative marking sheet 800. In some embodiments, the top laminate layer 808, the bottom laminate layer 806, and the marking 804 are separated from the sheet 800, and then the top laminate layer, the marking 804, and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer are separated from the removable protective layer covering the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. In some embodiments, for example, as a single operation, the top laminate layer 808, the marking 804, and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer are separated from the sheet 800 and the removable protective layer covering the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. In some embodiments, each marking carrier 802 is separated from each other by a score or perforation 810. The perforation can pass through one or more of the top laminate layer and the bottom laminate layer. In some embodiments, the bottom laminate layer is an adhesive laminate layer. In some embodiments, the top laminate layer includes a printed laminate layer and a top laminate layer, such as the top laminate layer 502.

[0125] Figure 8BAnother step in the method 800 of attaching a marker 804 to an object such as an appliance 820 is shown. Figure 8B In the embodiment of the present invention, the marking is aligned on the tooth receiving cavity of the aligner 820. The marking can be placed between the occlusal surface and the gingival margin of the incisor or canine receiving cavity of the aligner 820.

[0126] Figure 8C The step of adhering the marker 804 to the appliance 820 is shown. Figure 8C As shown, the top laminate layer 808 and / or the marker 804 is pressed against the tooth receiving cavity of the appliance 822 , activating the pressure sensitive adhesive and causing the marker 804 to adhere to the appliance 820 .

[0127] Figure 8D The step of removing the top laminate layer 808 is shown. After the marker 804 is firmly adhered to the aligner 820, the top laminate layer can be slowly peeled away from the marker 804. This exposes the marker 804 while allowing it to adhere to the aligner 820.

[0128] In some embodiments, a method of attaching a decorative marking carrier to an object to be decorated, such as a dental appliance, includes one or more of the following steps: removing a portion of the removable protective layer 32 to expose the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31; securing the decorative marking carrier to a position on the dental appliance (e.g., a predetermined position); removing the remaining portion of the removable protective layer 32 to expose the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 31; and securing one or more portions of the decorative marking carrier to the dental appliance by pressing the decorative marking carrier toward the dental appliance.

[0129] In some embodiments, a method of attaching a decorative marking carrier to an object such as a dental appliance includes: removing a portion of the second protective layer 532 to expose the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 531; securing the decorative marking carrier to a predetermined position on the dental appliance; removing the remaining portion of the second protective layer 532 to completely expose the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 531 and securing more of the decorative marking carrier to the dental appliance; and removing the first protective layer 521 to expose the conformal film layer 522 and pressing down to securely secure the decorative marking carrier to the dental appliance.

[0130] Figure 9 A method 900 for applying a decorative indicia to an object is depicted. At block 910, a first package comprising a polymeric shell is provided. The polymeric shell may be an orthodontic appliance comprising a plurality of tooth-receiving cavities shaped to receive and elastically reposition the teeth of a subject from a first arrangement toward a second arrangement. The first package may be provided to a subject, such as a person undergoing orthodontic treatment. The first package may also include a plurality of polymeric shells.

[0131] At block 920, a second package is provided that includes a sticker, such as a decorative indicia. A sticker, such as a decorative indicia, can include multiple layers. The sticker can include a first adhesive layer configured to adhere to the polymeric housing; and a second adhesive layer adhered to the first adhesive layer. The second adhesive layer can include a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. In some embodiments, the first adhesive layer can include a pressure-sensitive adhesive. In some embodiments, a colorant can be encapsulated between the pressure-sensitive adhesive layers of the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer. In some embodiments, the sticker, such as a decorative indicia, can include any of the decorative indicia described herein and can include any combination of the layers of the decorative indicia described herein.

[0132] Instructions for removing the polymeric shell from the first package and the sticker from the second package are provided at block 930. The instructions may include detailed information regarding the use and disposal of the polymeric shell and sticker.

[0133] At block 940, instructions are provided for applying the sticker to the polymer housing. The instructions may include detailed information regarding the use and handling of the sticker in the polymer housing during application of the sticker to the polymer housing. The instructions may also include detailed information regarding alignment of the sticker with the polymer housing, such as instructions regarding the appropriate location to apply the sticker to the polymer housing. The instructions may include Figures 8A to 8D Follow the steps shown in .

[0134] At block 950, a sticker or other decorative marking is applied to the polymer housing. In some embodiments, applying the sticker or other decorative marking to the polymer housing may follow Figures 8A to 8D Applying the decal may include removing a selected marker from a sheet comprising a plurality of markers, removing a cover layer on the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, arranging the marker relative to the orthodontic housing to determine a location for applying the marker, applying pressure to the decal and the orthodontic housing to adhere the decal to the orthodontic housing, and removing the film layer from the decorative marker after adhering the decorative marker to the orthodontic appliance.

[0135] Figure 10 A method 1000 for designing a decorative marking for application to an object is depicted. At block 1010, one or more designs for a decorative marking can be provided to a user. In some embodiments, the one or more designs are provided to the user on a computing device associated with the user. In some embodiments, the one or more designs can be provided via an advertisement that includes the one or more designs.

[0136] At block 1020, a selection of at least one of the one or more designs is received. In some embodiments, the selection is received from a user. In some embodiments, the selection can be received remotely from the user. In some embodiments, the selection can be received in response to an advertisement.

[0137] At block 1030, the colorant is arranged according to at least one of the one or more designs. In some embodiments, arranging the colorant according to the selected design. In some embodiments, arranging the colorant may include making decorative markings, as discussed herein, for example, with respect to at least FIG. Figure 7 discussed.

[0138] At block 1040, a location on an object (e.g., a polymeric shell) for a sticker including a colorant is identified. In some embodiments, the location may be a buccal surface of a tooth receiving cavity of an orthodontic shell. In some embodiments, the location includes a buccal side facing a buccal surface of a tooth receiving cavity for receiving and elastically repositioning a canine or incisor.

[0139] At block 1050, a representation of the sticker's location on the polymer housing is displayed. For example, Figure 1 A display of a polymeric housing with a sticker can be depicted. In some embodiments, a digital representation of the sticker's location on the polymeric housing is displayed. In some embodiments, the digital representation of the sticker is displayed over a digital representation of an orthodontic housing appliance. In some embodiments, the digital representation of the sticker is displayed over an orthodontic housing appliance applied to an image of a patient's face and teeth.

[0140] Figure 11 2 is a simplified block diagram of a data processing system 2000 (e.g., a computing device) that can be used to perform the methods and processes described herein. The data processing system 2000 may include at least one processor 2002 that communicates with one or more peripheral devices via a bus subsystem 2004. These peripheral devices typically include a storage subsystem 2006 (a memory subsystem 2008 and a file storage subsystem 2014), a set of user interface input and output devices 2018, and an interface 2016 to an external network. This interface is schematically shown as a "network interface" block 2016 and is coupled to corresponding interface devices in other data processing systems via a communication network interface 2024. The data processing system 2000 may include, for example, one or more computers, such as personal computers, workstations, mainframes, laptop computers, and the like.

[0141] The user interface input device 2018 is not limited to any particular device and may generally include, for example, a keyboard, a pointing device, a mouse, a scanner, an interactive display, a touch pad, a joystick, etc. Similarly, various user interface output devices may be used in the system of the present invention and may include, for example, one or more of a printer, a display (e.g., visual, non-visual) system / subsystem, a controller, a projection device, an audio output, etc.

[0142] The storage subsystem 2006 maintains essential programs and includes computer-readable media with instructions (e.g., operating instructions, etc.) and data structures. The program modules discussed herein are typically stored in the storage subsystem 2006. The storage subsystem 2006 typically includes a memory subsystem 2008 and a file storage subsystem 2014. The memory subsystem 2008 typically includes multiple memories (e.g., RAM 2010, ROM 2012, etc.), including computer-readable memory for storing fixed instructions, commands, and data during program execution, a basic input / output system, etc. The file storage subsystem 2014 provides persistent (non-volatile) storage for program and data files and may include one or more removable or fixed drives or media, such as a hard drive, floppy disk, CD-ROM, DVD, optical drive, etc. One or more of the storage systems, drives, etc. may be located remotely, for example, via a server on a network or coupled via the Internet / World Wide Web. In this context, the term "bus subsystem" is used generically to include any mechanism for enabling various components and subsystems to communicate with each other as intended, and may include various suitable components / systems that will be recognized or deemed suitable for use herein. It will be appreciated that the various components of the system may, but need not, be located in the same physical location, but may be connected via various local or wide area network media, transmission systems, etc.

[0143] The system can communicate via a network interface 2024. The system can be located, for example, at a remote location and receive or send data from one or more other data processing systems 2000 via the network interface 2024. The camera 2025 can include any image capture device configured to capture still images or movies. The camera 2025 can facilitate capturing various views of the patient's dentition and face, such as showing the patient's face with a polymer case and sticker. In some embodiments, the camera 2025 can facilitate capturing images at various focal lengths and distances from the patient.

[0144] The data processing aspects of the methods described herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer hardware, firmware, software, or a suitable combination thereof. The data processing apparatus can be implemented in a computer program product that is tangibly embodied in a machine-readable storage device for execution by a programmable processor. The data processing blocks can be executed by a programmable processor that executes program instructions to perform functions by operating on input data and generating outputs. The data processing aspects can be implemented as one or more computer programs executable on a programmable system that includes one or more programmable processors operably coupled to a data storage system. Typically, the processor will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory and / or random access memory. Storage devices suitable for tangibly containing computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, for example: semiconductor memory devices such as EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable magnetic disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM disks.

[0145] The decorative marker carriers can be produced in different sizes to fit various types of dental appliances and placed in a sterile bag, sealed and sterilized by conventional methods including the use of ethylene oxide or irradiation.

[0146] Those skilled in the art will recognize that any process or method disclosed herein can be modified in many ways. The process parameters and step sequences described and / or illustrated herein are provided as examples only and may be changed as needed. For example, although the steps illustrated and / or described herein may be shown or discussed in a particular order, the steps do not necessarily need to be performed in the order shown or discussed.

[0147] The various exemplary methods described and / or illustrated herein may also omit one or more of the steps described or illustrated herein, or include additional steps in addition to those disclosed. Furthermore, the steps of any method disclosed herein may be combined with any one or more steps of any other method disclosed herein.

[0148] A processor as described herein may be configured to perform one or more steps of any method disclosed herein. Alternatively or in combination, a processor may be configured to combine one or more steps of one or more methods as disclosed herein.

[0149] Unless otherwise indicated, the terms "connected to" and "coupled to" (and their derivatives) used in the specification and claims should be interpreted as allowing both direct and indirect (i.e., via other elements or components) connections. Furthermore, the terms "a" and "an" used in the specification and claims should be interpreted as meaning "at least one." Finally, for ease of use, the terms "including" and "having" (and their derivatives) used in the specification and claims are interchangeable with the word "comprising" and have the same meaning.

[0150] A processor as disclosed herein may be configured with instructions to perform any one or more steps of any method as disclosed herein.

[0151] It will be understood that although the terms "top," "bottom," "first," "second," "third," etc. may be used herein to describe various layers, elements, components, regions, or sections, they do not refer to any particular order or sequence of events. These terms are only used to distinguish one layer, element, component, region, or section from another layer, element, component, region, or section. A first layer, element, component, region, or section described herein could be termed a second layer, element, component, region, or section without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure.

[0152] As used herein, the term "or" is used to inclusively refer to items in alternatives and combinations.

[0153] As used herein, characters such as numbers refer to similar elements.

[0154] Item 1. A decorative marking carrier comprising: a first printed laminate layer including an oriented printed layer, the oriented printed layer including a core layer, a first adhesive layer, and a second adhesive layer; a second printed laminate layer connected to the first printed laminate layer, the second printed laminate layer including a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer; and an ink layer coupled to one or more of the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer, or the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.

[0155] Clause 2. The decorative marking carrier of Clause 1, wherein the second adhesive layer is adjacent to the pressure sensitive adhesive.

[0156] Item 3. The decorative marking carrier according to Item 1, further comprising: a varnish layer on the ink layer.

[0157] Clause 4. The decorative marking carrier of Clause 1, wherein the ink layer is located between the second adhesive layer and the pressure sensitive adhesive layer.

[0158] Item 5. The decorative marking carrier according to Item 1, further comprising: a lenticular layer.

[0159] Clause 6. The decorative marking carrier of Clause 5, wherein the lenticular layer comprises the ink layer and a lenticular lens layer.

[0160] Clause 7. The decorative marking carrier of Clause 1, wherein the ink layer is a first marking layer and the decorative marking carrier further comprises a second marking layer.

[0161] Clause 8. The decorative marking carrier according to Clause 7, wherein the second marking layer is a film layer.

[0162] Item 9. The decorative marking carrier according to Item 8, wherein the film layer comprises a photosensitive polymer or a pigment.

[0163] Clause 10. The decorative marking carrier of Clause 8, wherein the film layer comprises a thermosensitive polymer or a pigment.

[0164] Clause 11. The decorative indicia carrier of Clause 8, wherein the film layer comprises a reflective material.

[0165] Clause 12. The decorative indicia carrier of Clause 11, wherein the reflective material is a plurality of reflective materials distributed within the film.

[0166] Clause 13. The decorative indicia carrier of Clause 11, wherein the reflective material is gold or silver.

[0167] Clause 14. The decorative indicia carrier of Clause 11, wherein the reflective material provides a mirror finish.

[0168] Clause 15. The decorative marking carrier of Clause 7, wherein the second marking layer is a second ink layer.

[0169] Clause 16. The decorative marking carrier of Clause 1, wherein the ink layer comprises a luminescent material.

[0170] Clause 17. The decorative marking carrier of Clause 8, wherein the film layer comprises a matte surface.

[0171] Clause 18. The decorative indicia carrier of Clause 1, wherein the outer surface of the first printed laminate film layer comprises a matte finish.

[0172] Clause 19. The decorative indicia carrier of Clause 18, wherein a varnish layer provides the matte surface.

[0173] Item 20. A method of making a decorative marking carrier, comprising: treating an exposed surface of an adhesive layer using corona treatment; applying a UV ink layer to the treated surface of the adhesive layer; inkjet printing a top print laminate layer; laminating the top print laminate layer to a bottom adhesive laminate layer; and cutting the top print laminate layer and the bottom adhesive laminate layer.

[0174] Clause 21. The method of making a decorative marking carrier of Clause 18, wherein inkjet printing the top print laminate layer comprises: jetting ink onto the top print laminate layer; and curing the ink.

[0175] Clause 22. A method of making a decorative marking carrier according to clause 18, wherein curing the ink comprises: only partially curing the ink, and the method further comprises: applying an overprint varnish to the partially cured ink; and curing the partially cured ink and the overprint varnish.

[0176] Clause 23. The method of making a decorative marking carrier according to clause 18, wherein the curing is a UV curing process.

[0177] Clause 24. The method of making a decorative marking carrier according to Clause 17, further comprising: jetting ink onto the top print laminate layer; and curing the ink.

[0178] Clause 25. The method for manufacturing a decorative marking carrier according to Clause 17, further comprising: forming a lenticular lens layer on the ink layer.

[0179] Clause 26. The method of making a decorative marking carrier according to Clause 17, wherein the ink comprises a photopolymer or a pigment.

[0180] Clause 27. The method of making a decorative marking carrier according to Clause 17, wherein the ink comprises a thermosensitive polymer or a pigment.

[0181] Clause 28. The method of making a decorative marking carrier according to clause 25, wherein the ink comprises a luminescent material.

[0182] Clause 29. The method of making a decorative indicia carrier according to Clause 17, further comprising applying a film layer to the top printed laminate layer.

[0183] Clause 30. The method of making a decorative marking carrier according to Clause 25, wherein the film layer comprises a reflective material.

[0184] Clause 31. The method of making a decorative indicia carrier according to Clause 26, wherein the reflective material is a plurality of reflective materials distributed within the film.

[0185] Clause 32. The method of making a decorative indicia carrier according to Clause 26, wherein the reflective material is gold or silver.

[0186] Clause 33. The method of making a decorative indicia carrier according to clause 26, wherein the reflective material provides a mirror finish.

[0187] Clause 34. The method of making a decorative marking carrier according to Clause 25, wherein the film layer comprises a photosensitive polymer or a pigment.

[0188] Clause 35. The method of making a decorative marking carrier according to Clause 25, wherein the film layer comprises a thermosensitive polymer or a pigment.

[0189] Clause 36. The method of making a decorative marking carrier according to Clause 25, wherein the film comprises a luminescent material.

[0190] Clause 37. A method of attaching a decorative marking carrier to an object, comprising: removing a portion of a removable protective layer to expose a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer; and securing the decorative marking carrier to the object.

[0191] Clause 38. The method of attaching a decorative marking carrier to an object of Clause 34, further comprising activating the pressure sensitive adhesive layer by pressing the decorative marking carrier onto the object.

[0192] Clause 39. The method of attaching a decorative marking carrier to an object according to Clause 34, further comprising: aligning the decorative marking carrier with the object.

[0193] Clause 40. The method of attaching a decorative marker carrier to an object according to Clause 36, wherein aligning the decorative marker carrier with the object comprises aligning the decorative marker carrier with a tooth-receiving cavity of an orthodontic appliance.

[0194] Clause 41. The method of attaching a decorative marker carrier to a subject as recited in Clause 37, wherein the tooth-receiving cavity of the orthodontic appliance is an incisor-receiving cavity or a canine-receiving cavity.

[0195] Clause 42. A decorative marking carrier comprising: a first adhesive layer; a second adhesive layer; and an edible colorant encapsulated between the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer.

[0196] Item 43. A method comprising: applying an edible colorant layer to a surface of an edible carrier layer; cutting a decorative marking layer into a desired size and shape; and encapsulating the edible colorant layer and the cut decorative marking layer between a top laminate layer and a bottom laminate layer.

[0197] Item 44. A dental appliance comprising: a polymeric shell having a plurality of tooth-receiving cavities shaped to accommodate teeth of a subject and elastically reposition the teeth of the subject from a first arrangement toward a second arrangement; a first adhesive layer configured to adhere to the polymeric shell; a second adhesive layer adhered to the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer comprising a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer; and a colorant encapsulated between the pressure-sensitive adhesive layers of the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer.

[0198] Clause 45. The dental appliance of Clause 41, wherein the colorant comprises an edible colorant.

[0199] Clause 46. The dental appliance of clause 41, wherein the colorant comprises a biocompatible material.

[0200] Clause 47. The dental appliance of Clause 41, wherein the colorant is arranged according to a design comprising a decorative design, a logo, text, advertising material, informational material, or some combination thereof.

[0201] Clause 48. The dental appliance of Clause 41, wherein the colorant is part of an ink layer.

[0202] Clause 49. The dental appliance of clause 41, wherein the colorant comprises a photopolymer or a pigment.

[0203] Clause 50. The dental appliance of Clause 41, wherein the colorant comprises a thermosensitive polymer or a pigment.

[0204] Clause 51. The dental appliance of clause 41, wherein the colorant comprises a reflective material, a luminescent material, or some combination thereof.

[0205] Clause 52. The dental appliance of clause 41, wherein the colorant provides a reflective surface to the dental appliance.

[0206] Clause 53. The dental appliance of Clause 41, wherein the first adhesive layer is part of a first printed laminate layer comprising an oriented print layer having a core layer.

[0207] Clause 54. The dental appliance of Clause 41, further comprising: a lenticular layer, wherein the lenticular layer comprises the colorant and a lenticular lens layer.

[0208] Clause 55. The dental appliance of clause 41, wherein the dental appliance is one of a series of dental appliances configured to incrementally reposition teeth from an initial position toward a target position.

[0209] Clause 56. A dental appliance according to clause 41, wherein the dental appliance comprises a multilayer material having a first polymer layer and a second polymer layer, the first polymer layer having a first elastic modulus, and the second polymer layer having a second elastic modulus, wherein the second elastic modulus is less than the first elastic modulus.

[0210] Item 57. A dental appliance according to Item 41, wherein the dental appliance comprises a multilayer material having two first polymer layers and a second polymer layer, the two first polymer layers having a first elastic modulus, and the second polymer layer having a second elastic modulus, wherein the second elastic modulus is less than the first elastic modulus, and the second polymer layer is located between the two first polymer layers.

[0211] Item 58. A dental device according to Item 41, wherein the dental device comprises a multilayer material having a first polymer layer and two second polymer layers, the first polymer layer having a first elastic modulus, and the two second polymer layers having a second elastic modulus, wherein the second elastic modulus is less than the first elastic modulus, and the first polymer layer is located between the two second polymer layers.

[0212] Clause 59. The dental appliance of Clause 41, wherein the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer are durably adhered to the dental appliance.

[0213] Clause 60. The dental appliance of clause 41, wherein the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer maintain adhesion to a desired level after a 24-hour water immersion test in water at a temperature corresponding to a human oral cavity.

[0214] Clause 61. The dental appliance of clause 41, wherein the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer, and the colorant comprise a sticker to be applied to the dental appliance.

[0215] Item 62. A dental appliance comprising: a polymeric shell having a plurality of tooth-receiving cavities shaped to receive teeth of a subject and elastically reposition the teeth of the subject from a first arrangement toward a second arrangement; a first adhesive means adhered to the polymeric shell; a second adhesive means disposed on the first adhesive means, the second adhesive means comprising a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer; and a colorant encapsulated between the pressure-sensitive adhesive layers of the first adhesive means and the second adhesive means.

[0216] Item 63. A method comprising: providing a polymeric shell having a plurality of tooth-receiving cavities, the plurality of tooth-receiving cavities being shaped to accommodate teeth of a subject and elastically reposition the teeth of the subject from a first arrangement toward a second arrangement; providing a sticker, the sticker comprising: a first adhesive layer configured to adhere to the polymeric shell; a second adhesive layer adhered to the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer comprising a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer; a colorant encapsulated between the pressure-sensitive adhesive layers of the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer; and applying the sticker to the polymeric shell.

[0217] Clause 64. The method of clause 60, further comprising providing instructions for applying the decal to the polymer housing.

[0218] Clause 65. The method of clause 60, further comprising providing instructions for applying the sticker to the polymeric housing to a computing device associated with a user.

[0219] Clause 66. The method of clause 60, further comprising providing instructions for applying the decal to the polymeric housing, wherein the instructions specify a particular location on the polymeric housing to apply the decal.

[0220] Item 67. The method according to Item 60 further includes: providing a first package including the polymer shell; providing a second package including the sticker; providing instructions for removing the polymer shell from the first package and removing the sticker from the second package; and providing instructions for applying the sticker to the polymer shell.

[0221] Item 68. The method according to Item 60 further includes: providing a first package comprising a plurality of dental appliances, wherein one of the plurality of dental appliances comprises the polymer shell; providing a second package comprising the sticker; and providing instructions for removing the polymer shell from the first package and removing the sticker from the second package.

[0222] Clause 69. The method of clause 60, further comprising: providing one or more designs to a user; receiving a selection of at least one of the one or more designs; and arranging the colorant according to the at least one design.

[0223] Clause 70. The method according to clause 60 further includes: providing one or more designs to a user on a computing device associated with the user; remotely receiving a selection of at least one of the one or more designs at the computing device without requiring the user to travel to a dental clinic; and arranging the colorant according to the at least one design.

[0224] Clause 71. The method according to clause 60 further includes: providing an advertisement having one or more designs to the user at a computing device associated with the user; receiving a selection of at least one of the one or more designs at the computing device, the selection being in response to the advertisement; and arranging the colorant according to the at least one design.

[0225] Clause 72. The method according to clause 60 further includes: providing one or more designs to a user at a computing device associated with the user; receiving a selection of at least one of the one or more designs at the computing device; identifying a position of the sticker on the polymer shell at the computing device; and displaying a representation of the sticker at the position on the polymer shell at the computing device.

[0226] Clause 73. The method according to clause 60 further includes: providing one or more designs to the user at a computing device associated with the user; receiving a selection of at least one of the one or more designs at the computing device; and identifying a position of the sticker on the polymer shell at the computing device, wherein the position is selected to optimize adhesion of the sticker to the polymer shell.

[0227] The embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described as set forth herein and are provided by way of example only. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that a variety of adaptable changes, modifications, variations, and substitutions may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Several alternatives and combinations of the embodiments disclosed herein may be utilized without departing from the scope of the present disclosure and the invention disclosed herein. Therefore, the scope of the presently disclosed invention shall be limited only by the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A decorative marking carrier for use in a dental appliance, comprising: a first printed laminate layer comprising an oriented printed layer, the oriented printed layer comprising a core layer, a first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer, the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer being surface treatments of the core layer, the surface treatment comprising corona, flame or plasma treatment; a second printed laminate layer connected to the second adhesive layer of the first printed laminate layer, the second printed laminate layer comprising a pressure sensitive adhesive layer for adhering to the dental appliance; as well as An ink layer is coupled to the first adhesive layer.

2. The decorative marking carrier according to claim 1, wherein: The second adhesive layer is adjacent to the pressure sensitive adhesive.

3. The decorative marking carrier of claim 1 , further comprising: A varnish layer on the ink layer.

4. The decorative marking carrier of claim 1 , further comprising: Lenticular layer.

5. The decorative marking carrier according to claim 4, wherein: The lenticular layer includes the ink layer and a lenticular lens layer.

6. The decorative marking carrier according to claim 1, wherein: The ink layer is a first marking layer, and the decorative marking carrier also includes a second marking layer.

7. The decorative marking carrier according to claim 6, wherein: The second marking layer is a film layer.

8. The decorative marking carrier according to claim 7, wherein: The film layer includes a photosensitive polymer or a pigment.

9. The decorative marking carrier according to claim 7, wherein: The film layer includes a thermosensitive polymer or a pigment.

10. The decorative marking carrier according to claim 7, wherein: The film layer includes a reflective material.

11. The decorative marking carrier according to claim 10, wherein: The reflective material is a plurality of reflective materials distributed in the film layer.

12. The decorative marking carrier according to claim 10, wherein: The reflective material is gold or silver.

13. The decorative marking carrier according to claim 10, wherein: The reflective material provides a mirror finish.

14. The decorative marking carrier according to claim 6, wherein: The second marking layer is a second ink layer.

15. The decorative marking carrier of claim 1, wherein: The ink layer includes luminous material.

16. The decorative marking carrier of claim 7, wherein: The film layer includes a matte surface.

17. The decorative marking carrier of claim 1, wherein: The outer surface of the first printed laminate film layer includes a matte surface.

18. The decorative marking carrier of claim 17, wherein: The clear coat layer provides the matte surface.

19. A method of manufacturing the decorative marking carrier of claim 1, comprising: Treating the exposed surface of the core layer using corona, flame, or plasma treatment; applying a UV curable ink layer to the first treated surface of the core layer to obtain a top printed laminate layer; laminating the second treated surface of the core layer of the top print laminate layer to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the bottom adhesive laminate layer; as well as The top printed laminate layer and the bottom adhesive laminate layer are cut.

20. The method of manufacturing a decorative marking carrier according to claim 19, wherein: Applying a UV curable ink layer to the first treated surface of the core layer to obtain a top printed laminate layer comprises: jetting ink onto the first treated surface; and The ink is cured.

21. The method of manufacturing a decorative marking carrier according to claim 20, wherein: Curing the ink includes only partially curing the ink, and the method further includes: applying an overprint varnish to the partially cured ink; and The partially cured ink and the overprint varnish are cured.

22. The method of making a decorative marking carrier according to claim 20, wherein: Curing is a UV curing process.

23. The method of manufacturing a decorative marking carrier according to claim 19, further comprising: A lenticular lens layer is formed on the UV curable ink layer.

24. The method of making a decorative marking carrier according to claim 19, wherein: The UV curable ink layer includes a photosensitive polymer or a pigment.

25. The method of making a decorative marking carrier according to claim 19, wherein: The ink includes a thermosensitive polymer or a pigment.

26. The method of making a decorative marking carrier according to claim 19, wherein: The UV curable ink layer includes a luminous material.

27. The method of making a decorative marking carrier according to claim 19, further comprising: A film layer is applied to the UV curable ink layer of the top print laminate layer.

28. The method of making a decorative marking carrier according to claim 27, wherein: The film layer includes a reflective material.

29. The method of making a decorative marking carrier according to claim 28, wherein: The reflective material is a plurality of reflective materials distributed in the film layer.

30. The method of making a decorative marking carrier according to claim 28, wherein: The reflective material is gold or silver.

31. The method of making a decorative marking carrier according to claim 28, wherein: The reflective material provides a mirror finish.

32. The method of making a decorative marking carrier according to claim 27, wherein: The film layer includes a photosensitive polymer or a pigment.

33. The method of making a decorative marking carrier according to claim 27, wherein: The film layer includes a thermosensitive polymer or a pigment.

34. The method of making a decorative marking carrier according to claim 27, wherein: The film layer includes luminous material.

35. A dental appliance comprising a decorative marking carrier according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

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