Method and device for monitoring fluid flux

Abstract

The present invention provides a device for monitoring fluid flux, the device comprising a body adapted to be introduced into a medium carrying a fluid flow, the body providing one or more passageways for the fluid, each passageway having an inlet, an outlet, and a reduced channel portion which is in fluid communication with the inlet and the outlet via respective inlet funnels and outlet funnels, the device further comprising means for determining the fluid flow rate traveling within one or more of the reduced channel portions in the reduced channel portion. In particular, at least one of the reduced channel portions in the reduced channel portion is misaligned with respect to the inlet and the outlet. In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for monitoring fluid flux.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention generally relates to methods and devices for monitoring fluid flux, at least in terms of flow speed and / or flow direction. The present invention is particularly suitable for monitoring groundwater flow. Background Art

[0002] There are various techniques available for monitoring groundwater flow. For example, WO2016207769 discloses a modular device featuring two cartridges stacked vertically adjacent to each other. Each cartridge is filled with a porous matrix of corresponding material components. The first cartridge is used to determine groundwater mass transport via a tracer component bound to an absorbent. The second cartridge is used to determine the mass transport of substances dissolved in the groundwater via an absorbent component. A device with this design allows for local monitoring of horizontal groundwater flux. Groundwater is monitored on the one hand, and substances dissolved in the groundwater are monitored in parallel on the other hand. There is no risk of cross - contamination.

[0003] The cartridges can also be adapted to measure the magnitude and direction of mass transport. To this end, each cartridge is provided with three permeable partitions. Thus, the flow chamber is divided into three flow compartments. The groundwater flux is determined via the vector superposition of the individual compartment fluxes.

[0004] However, a major drawback of the device is that it only provides time - averaged measurement results. This can lead to a distorted picture that provides neither a comprehensive view of the instantaneous mass transport nor its evolution over time. Typically, the device disclosed in WO2016207769 remains in the ground for a predetermined measurement period, e.g., from a few hours to several months. Only then is the device retrieved, and time - averaged mass transport data is obtained based on concentration values / distributions. No direct measurement technique is provided.

[0005] Furthermore, US9404783 discloses a sediment bed passive flux meter. The flow meter has an adsorption matrix impregnated with one or more tracers for intercepting groundwater flow passing between its intake and its discharge. Monitoring of vertical groundwater and pollutant mass fluxes is particularly envisaged. However, again, the device only provides time - averaged measurement results.

[0006] Another fluid flow measurement device is provided in US6474176. The latter device is particularly designed to determine the vertical flow rate that occurs in unsaturated soil under the influence of gravity. For this purpose, the device is directly introduced into the soil. In fact, the measurement technique requires direct contact of the device with the soil. The device has opposing upper and lower funnels with a narrow channel portion therebetween. The groundwater collected by the upper funnel then travels downward through the reduced channel portion. The amplified flux within the channel portion is determined via thermoanemometry.

[0007] The disadvantage is that US6474176 only focuses on monitoring one-dimensional vertical groundwater flow. It cannot be easily applied to other types of fluid flows. Another disadvantage of the funnel design is that it results in a bulky device. The space between the funnels is inefficiently utilized. In particular, the narrow channel portion located at the center of the device may impose further restrictions on the size, shape, and position of the thermoanemometry measurement system.

[0008] US2019 / 093475 discloses methods and systems for monitoring fluid flow in a wellbore.

[0009] US6474176 describes a fluid flow device for determining the fluid flow rate in soil. The fluid flow device includes a pipe for receiving fluid.

[0010] Generally, important features of devices for monitoring fluid flow can involve:

[0011] - Their accuracy and precision, even at limited flow rates,

[0012] - Their robustness,

[0013] - Their durability, especially in contaminated and / or acidic environments,

[0014] - Their compactness, and / or

[0015] - Their (low) energy consumption.

[0016] The object of the present invention is to provide improved methods and devices for monitoring fluid flow, thereby solving one or more of the problems mentioned above. Summary of the Invention

[0017] To this end, a device for monitoring fluid flux is provided. The device has a body that provides one or more passages for the fluid, each passage having an inlet and an outlet. The fluid can flow between the inlet and the outlet via a continuous inlet funnel, a reduced channel portion, and an outlet funnel. A device for determining the flux level within the reduced channel portion is also provided. The reduced channel portion typically has a smaller cross-sectional area, such that the flow velocity is increased. For example, the flux level can be determined with higher accuracy. The device for determining the flux level (i.e., the fluid flux sensing device) can involve or can not involve direct measurement techniques. Moreover, in particular, at least one of the reduced channel portions in the reduced channel portion is misaligned with respect to the inlet and the outlet of the device.

[0018] The device designed in this way can have several advantages. In fact, misalignment (i.e., not imposing: the passage has a strictly straight extension between its corresponding inlet opening and the center of the outlet opening, is orthogonal to the opening, and is centered with respect to the overall arrangement of the inlet opening and the outlet opening) provides greater freedom in terms of related designs. For example, (i) a more compact device can be designed, (ii) a more convenient device shape can be considered, (iii) an optimal choice regarding the position and / or orientation of the inlet and the outlet can be made, (iv) multiple reduced channel portions can now pass over each other within the device, and / or (v) more space can be provided within the device, for example, for measuring instruments. The present invention is generally not limited to any one of these advantages and effects. More specific embodiments are discussed further below.

[0019] Preferably, the present device is at least suitable for use in a saturated flow state. The inventors have found that in this flow state, the exact position and / or orientation of the reduced channel portion relative to the opening is less important. That is, misalignment only has a limited impact on the measurement. This is in contrast to the teaching of US6474176, which focuses entirely on monitoring unsaturated one-dimensional vertical groundwater flow. Such unsaturated vertical flow does require the inlet opening and the inlet funnel to be vertically oriented upward, and the reduced channel portion, the outlet funnel, and the outlet opening also extend vertically in a manner aligned with the inlet opening. In this way, possible bubbles (which may occur in the unsaturated flow state and which may greatly affect the measurement results) escape in the upward direction.

[0020] The design of the present device, preferably for use in a saturated flow state, can provide more freedom in the choice of the position and orientation of the inlet and the outlet. This choice advantageously defines which part of the fluid flow is collected and thus which aspects of the fluid flow can be studied.

[0021] In certain preferred embodiments, the reduced channel portion is misaligned with respect to the inlet and the outlet, and more specifically, it is offset with respect to the inlet and the outlet. Devices with such a design can have several advantages.

[0022] Most importantly, the space within the large - sized body can be utilized more efficiently. As Figures 9A to 9C shown in the non - limiting embodiment of

[0023] Contrary to US6474176, the present invention particularly relates to saturated flow that is driven by gravity on the one hand and by geology on the other hand. The saturated flow of a fluid through a porous medium (e.g., soil) is generally controlled by Darcy's law. Thus, the devices according to the present invention do not necessarily need to be in direct contact with the soil. In this way, they can be more easily installed and removed. Additionally, the present invention is generally not limited to vertical flow, but can be applied to measure any one or more flow directions. For example, the present invention is particularly useful for measuring two - dimensional horizontal flow.

[0024] However, it should be noted that the present invention is generally applicable to both saturated and unsaturated flows in one or more dimensions.

[0025] In certain preferred embodiments, the device has at least two passages along substantially different directions. In particular, the aforementioned offset herein allows their reduced channel portions to cross each other at the center of the device. In contrast to US6474176, such a device enables the monitoring of more - dimensional flows.

[0026] Furthermore, according to another aspect, the present invention provides a method for monitoring fluid flux. Similar advantages are applicable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figures 1A to 1C A perspective view and two side views of a device according to a possible embodiment of the present invention are shown respectively.

[0028] Figures 2A to 2B Further shown are Figures 1A to 1C the longitudinal and cross - sectional views of the device of

[0029] Figures 3A to 3B A perspective view and a cross - sectional view of a device according to another embodiment of the present invention are given respectively.

[0030] Figures 4A to 4B A perspective view of a device according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention is given.

[0031] Figures 5A to 5B A specific embodiment of a device for monitoring fluid flux in a monitoring tube according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0032] Figures 6A to 6B Another embodiment of the device is shown, and now the device is provided with a lid member for covering the access opening of the monitoring tube.

[0033] Figures 7 to Figure 8 Still other embodiments of the device are shown.

[0034] Figures 9A to 9C Two longitudinal sections and a perspective view of a device according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention are given.

[0035] Figures 10A to 10B Still other alternative embodiments of the device are shown.

[0036] Figures 11A to 11C A longitudinal section, a perspective view, and an exploded view of a device according to another embodiment of the present invention are shown. The reduced channel portion is misaligned with respect to the inlet and the outlet because it is orthogonal to its inlet opening region and outlet opening region. Detailed Embodiments

[0037] The present invention relates to a method and a device for monitoring fluid flux.

[0038] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used in the disclosure of the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. Further guidance is provided, including term definitions, to better understand the teachings of the present invention.

[0039] As used herein, the following terms have the following meanings:

[0040] Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the articles "a," "an," and "the" as used herein refer to both the singular and plural referents. For example, "compartment" refers to one or more than one compartment.

[0041] As used herein, "about" in reference to a measurable value such as a parameter, quantity, duration, etc. means encompassing the specified value and the following variations relative to the specified value: + / - 20% or less, preferably + / - 10% or less, more preferably + / - 5% or less, even more preferably + / - 1% or less, and still more preferably + / - 0.1% or less, insofar as such variations are suitable for carrying out the disclosed invention. However, it is to be understood that the value itself to which the modifier "about" refers is also specifically disclosed.

[0042] As used herein, "comprise", "comprising", "comprises" and "comprised of" are synonymous with "include", "including", "includes" or "contain", "containing", "contains", and are inclusive or open-ended terms specifying the presence of the subsequent content (e.g., components), and do not exclude or preclude the presence of additional, unstated components, features, elements, members, steps known in the art or disclosed herein.

[0043] A numerical range stated by endpoints includes all of the numbers and fractions within that range and the stated endpoints.

[0044] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used in the disclosure of the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Further guidance, including definitions of terms used in the specification, is provided to better understand the teachings of the present invention. The terms or definitions used herein are provided only to assist in understanding the present invention.

[0045] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a flowmeter device for monitoring fluid flux, the device comprising a body adapted to be introduced into a medium carrying fluid flux, the body providing one or more passages for the fluid, each passage having an inlet (= inlet opening), an outlet (= outlet opening), and a reduced channel portion, the reduced channel portion being in fluid communication with the inlet and the outlet via respective inlet and outlet funnels, the device further comprising means for determining the fluid flux (= flow velocity = flow rate) traveling within one or more of the reduced channel portions. In particular, at least one of the reduced channel portions is misaligned with respect to the inlet and the outlet.

[0046] The inlet and outlet mentioned above are preferably provided by respective "opening areas" present on the housing surface of the device, the opening areas being at least partially permeable to the fluid. Generally, the inlet and outlet enable the exchange of fluid between the reduced channel portion and the surrounding medium. In an embodiment, the inlet and the corresponding outlet may be provided by respective simple holes through which the fluid can flow. In another embodiment, the inlet and the corresponding outlet may be provided by a perforated area or a slotted area, each including a plurality of holes through which the fluid can flow.

[0047] Preferably, the fluid can flow through the inlet / outlet at least in a direction substantially orthogonal to the corresponding opening area (i.e., orthogonal to the simple hole, or orthogonal to the perforated area or the slotted area).

[0048] Furthermore, the terms "inlet" and "outlet" are interchangeable. Whether the opening at either end of the passageway acts as an inlet or an outlet can further depend on the orientation of the device relative to the fluid flow. The inlet funnel and the outlet funnel fluidly connect the corresponding inlet opening and outlet opening to the reduced channel portion therebetween. The funnel entry is connected to the inlet opening / outlet opening. The funnel entry can coincide with the inlet opening / outlet opening, for example. However, this is not necessarily the case. In any case, for the purpose of collecting fluid flux, the funnel entry covers a relatively large cross-sectional area. The funnel exit is connected to the reduced channel portion. The reduced channel portion generally has a smaller cross-sectional area. Thus, the flow velocity is increased within the reduced channel portion. In this way, the flux can be determined with higher accuracy, and / or the measurement range can be extended / shifted. Optionally, the reduced channel portion has such dimensions as to promote laminar flow. This may be important for some measurement techniques (see below). However, the present invention is generally not limited thereto. It should also be noted that laminar flow is determined not only by the flow geometry but also by other characteristics such as flux ( = flow velocity).

[0049] Optionally, the device can have a degree of symmetry such that it can be introduced into the medium according to a plurality of orientations, wherein substantially the same flux is collected, and wherein substantially the same aspects of each fluid flow can be monitored. For example, in its possible non-limiting embodiments, the inlet opening and the outlet opening have substantially the same size and shape, and their overall arrangement is such that the device has at least one degree of symmetry that results in the same overall arrangement of the openings, but wherein two or more of the openings have varying positions (e.g., swapped positions). Possibly, the degree of symmetry can include: a 90° rotation about its longitudinal axis, a 180° rotation about its longitudinal axis, and / or a reflection with respect to a transverse symmetry plane.

[0050] The aforementioned "reduced channel portion" preferably has a smaller cross-sectional area than the corresponding inlet opening and / or outlet opening of the device.

[0051] The aforementioned "fluid passageway" generally extends through the body of the device. Preferably, the passageway itself is impermeable to the fluid while providing a fluid connection between the opposing funnel entries (serving as the inlet opening and the outlet opening). One or more such passageways are separated from each other. These passageways can pass through the body between opposite sides of the body. The corresponding inlet opening and outlet opening can be arranged opposite to each other, i.e., opposite to each other.

[0052] In particular, at least one of the reduced channel portions in the reduced channel section is misaligned with respect to the inlet and the outlet. That is, the device generally does not support a straight fluid flow that enters orthogonally into the inlet opening restricted by the inlet funnel, further travels into the reduced channel section subsequently expanded by the outlet funnel and through the reduced channel section, and exits the device orthogonally through the outlet opening of the device.

[0053] The reduced channel portion of at least the passage is such that it requires at least one direction change to be imposed on such a flow (entering and leaving the device orthogonally via one of the inlet opening and the outlet opening of the device, respectively) or at least one lateral shift (= offset) with respect to the opening.

[0054] Possible advantages are: (i) a more compact device can be designed, (ii) a more convenient device shape can be considered, (iii) an optimal choice regarding the position and / or orientation of the inlet and the outlet can be made, (iv) multiple reduced channel portions can now cross each other within the device and / or (v) more space can be provided within the device, for example, for measuring instruments. The present invention is generally not limited to any one of these advantages. Most importantly, the inventors have found that the misalignment has only a limited effect on the measurement results in the saturated flow state. The present invention may or may not be specifically configured to monitor the saturated flow state.

[0055] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one of the reduced channel portions is offset with respect to the inlet opening and the outlet opening. For example, the reduced channel portion mentioned above is "misaligned" because it is "offset" with respect to the inlet and the outlet. That is, the reduced channel portion is not in a straight line with respect to one or more of the inlet / outlet and preferably with respect to the whole of the inlet and the outlet. For example, it is not centered with respect to the whole of all such passage inlets and outlets, or not in a straight line with respect to the whole of all such passage inlets and outlets. The amount or distance by which the reduced channel portion is not in a straight line is also referred to as the "offset amount".

[0056] A channel offset with respect to one or more openings may not be centered with respect to the overall arrangement of these openings. Additionally or alternatively, the offset channel may not be (completely) contained within the imaginary median plane passing through the centers of these openings, or is at least centered with respect to the overall arrangement of these openings. Preferably, the position of the reduced channel includes a linear offset in a direction orthogonal to its main extension direction, between the inlet and the outlet, and optionally between its corresponding inlet and outlet.

[0057] As discussed below, there are multiple embodiments in which the reduced channel portion can be "offset" relative to one or more of the openings and / or relative to each other. Optionally, such an offset can be "included" within the reduced channel portion, for example, implemented by a deviation or curvature along an extension of the reduced channel portion. The present invention generally aims to cover all such embodiments.

[0058] In another or alternative embodiment, the reduced channel portion is offset relative to its corresponding inlet and outlet. For example, the reduced channel portion can include a deviation, such as a curvature between corresponding funnel outlets, to provide an offset at the location of the deviation (e.g., Figure 10B as shown). In another or alternative embodiment, each of the funnels has a funnel inlet, and at least one funnel has a funnel outlet that is offset relative to the funnel inlet. For example, the funnel itself can be deformed / skewed to provide an offset (e.g., Figures 1A to 9C as shown). In another or alternative embodiment, more than one passageway is provided, and the passageways as a whole are offset relative to each other. That is, the corresponding inlet openings, outlet openings, inlet funnels, outlet funnels, and reduced channel portions are offset relative to each other (e.g., as Figure 10A shown). In particular, in the Figure 10A embodiment, the reduced channel portions are each offset relative to the totality of all four inlet openings / outlet openings; neither of them is (completely) included in the imaginary horizontal median plane that is centered with respect to the overall arrangement of all four inlet openings / outlet openings. However, the present invention is generally not limited to the embodiments given in the drawings.

[0059] The "funnel inlet" may or may not correspond to the aforementioned inlet (= inlet opening) and outlet (= outlet opening). The inlet opening and the outlet opening can be understood as the outer peripheral edge portions of the corresponding opening structures.

[0060] Generally, due to the offset, more space can be obtained within the body of the device. In fact, in the case where the device provides two or more passageways, their reduced channel portions can now cross each other at the center of the device (e.g., Figures 1A to 8 and Figures 10A to 10B shown). Similarly, in the case of such a multi-passageway design, the space between the inlet funnel and the outlet funnel of one passageway can now be occupied by the inlet funnels and outlet funnels of other passageways. A more compact design is thus envisioned, in which the space is utilized more efficiently. Additionally or alternatively, the reduced channel portion can be made not to pass through the center of the body / along the central axis of the body. Thus, on one side relative to the narrow channel portion (e.g., Figures 9A to 9C shown), more space can be used for the measurement system, i.e., for the flux sensing device.

[0061] A flowmeter is typically provided with a flux sensing device that senses in relation to one or more of the constriction channel portions to determine the flux of the fluid traveling in the constriction channel portion. The constriction channel portion can provide a narrower cross-sectional area and thus provide an increased flux (i.e., a higher flow velocity). The increased flux is recorded. One or more characteristics of the surrounding fluid flow can be readily obtained.

[0062] Optionally, the flux sensing device at least provides a time-related signal (e.g., a voltage signal or a current signal) that can be stored on a storage medium (e.g., an electronic storage medium). The time-related signal allows for time-resolved measurements. Optionally, the signal or any further processed signal can be accessed at any time during the measurement. For this purpose, a wireless communication device and / or a wired communication device can be provided. Optionally, during the measurement, the signal or any further processed signal is displayed on a display device accessible to the user. Preferably, the flux sensing device at least provides a time-resolved measurement technique such that the temporal evolution of the fluid flow can be observed.

[0063] Preferably, the flux sensing device has a relatively low power consumption. In this way, the device can operate independently for a long measurement period, e.g., up to several months.

[0064] In a non-limiting embodiment, the flux sensing device can include a calorimetric sensing device. For example, the flux sensing device includes a heating element between a pair of temperature sensors within the constriction channel portion. Further, depending on the fluid flow direction, one temperature sensor is positioned upstream relative to the heating element and the other temperature sensor is positioned downstream. The heating element can be configured to generate a heat pulse. The resulting temperature gradient is detected. The temperature gradient allows for the determination of the flow velocity and flow direction within the constriction channel portion.

[0065] In an alternative non-limiting embodiment, the flux sensing device can include a volume sensing device. For example, one or more heating elements are controlled in such a way as to establish a constant temperature distribution relative to a set of at least two temperature sensors within the constriction channel portion. The applied voltage or current required to maintain this temperature distribution can be used as a sensor signal.

[0066] In yet another alternative non-limiting embodiment, the flux sensing device can include an injected tracer sensing device. For example, a detectable tracer is injected into the constriction channel portion. Detectors are placed at opposite ends of the channel portion. The tracer concentration gradient is detected, thereby allowing for the determination of the flow velocity and flow direction. The tracer can be, for example, an electrolyte and the detector is a conductivity sensor.

[0067] Optionally, the reduced channel portion may promote laminar flow. This increases the accuracy of one or more of the above-described techniques. Note that there are other suitable measurement techniques (e.g., colloidal borescope, …). The present invention is generally not limited to any of the above techniques.

[0068] The device according to the present invention may be particularly suitable for monitoring groundwater flow. The soil flow may be relatively slow, making it difficult to make accurate measurements. The present device provides increased flux, thus solving this problem. Groundwater flow can be monitored by lowering the device into the monitoring tube of a groundwater monitoring well. The monitoring tube may be vertical or not vertical. Alternatively, groundwater flow can be monitored by introducing the device directly into the soil (e.g., by means of downward pins present on the device). However, the present invention is generally not limited to groundwater flow. The present invention can be applied to groundwater flux, surface water flux, and any other type of flux.

[0069] Optionally, the device may be supplemented with additional sensing devices. In a possible example, the device may be supplemented with one or more cartridges having a porous absorbent matrix and further including a tracer (e.g., for measuring fluid mass transport) or not including a tracer (e.g., for measuring the mass transport of dissolved substances). The aforementioned device body and one or more of such cartridges (= passive flow meters) may be placed superimposed. In another or alternative example, the device may be supplemented with additional (time-resolved) sensing devices to sense the biochemical parameters of any additional chemicals.

[0070] According to another or alternative embodiment, the device includes at least two passages, where the reduced channel portions extend in substantially different directions. The reduced channel portions may be skewed or not skewed. The reduced channel portions are preferably non-intersecting. The reduced channel portions may be orthogonal to each other or not orthogonal to each other. Preferably, at least two fluxes are monitored. Corresponding flow vector components can be obtained. This advantageously allows for monitoring of multi-dimensional (e.g., two-dimensional or three-dimensional) flow in terms of flow velocity and flow direction.

[0071] In another or alternative embodiment, the device has a first passage and a second passage that are offset relative to each other. In another or alternative embodiment, the device has a first reduced channel portion and a second reduced channel portion that are offset relative to each other. Preferably, the offset may allow the passages (or particularly the reduced channel portions of these passages) to cross each other within the body of the device.

[0072] The device may be provided with means for determining the orientation of the device relative to an external reference system. The above means may allow the determination of the flow direction relative to the device. The orientation means now also allows the corresponding flow direction relative to the external reference system to be found. The orientation means may or may not include a lockable compass (i.e., locked at the initialization of the measurement). The orientation means may or may not include a digital compass. The orientation means may or may not include orientation marks which enable the arrangement of the device to be achieved according to the desired orientation.

[0073] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, one or more of the inlet funnels / outlet funnels have a funnel outlet which is not in line with its funnel inlet. Thus, the offset of the reduced channel portion relative to the corresponding funnel inlet is overcome within the funnel itself. The inventors have found that slight asymmetry or deformation within the funnel has a limited effect on the measurement accuracy. In fact, the funnel generally provides a wide cross-section. Thus its hydraulic conductivity is high and its influence on the fluid flux is low.

[0074] Optionally, when processing the measured data, the hydraulic conductivity of the inlet funnel, the reduced channel portion and / or the outlet funnel may be taken into account.

[0075] According to another or alternative embodiment, the body has an elongated shape, wherein the inlet and the outlet are arranged laterally. This arrangement is particularly useful for monitoring the lateral two-dimensional flux distribution relative to the device body. At least one reduced channel portion may have a longitudinal offset relative to the inlet opening and the outlet opening.

[0076] According to another or alternative embodiment, the body has a substantially cylindrical shape. Preferably, the funnel has an average opening angle greater than 90° (in the case of two passages and four funnels). Thus, the space between the funnels is available to accommodate their reduced channel portions.

[0077] According to another or alternative embodiment, the body has upper means and lower means for slidably engaging the wall of the monitoring tube. The monitoring tube may or may not constitute a groundwater monitoring well. The monitoring tube may be arranged vertically or not. The wall of the tube may be perforated or slotted or not, such that fluid can pass through the wall of the tube and exchange substantially freely between the device and the surrounding medium. The hydraulic conductivity of such a perforated or slotted wall may or may not be taken into account. Optionally, the body is provided with one or more elastomeric gaskets which engage the inner side of the wall of the tube. Additional or alternative sealing means may be provided to separate the individual inlet and outlet openings.

[0078] According to another or alternative embodiment, the device is further provided with a cover member for covering the access opening of the monitoring well pipe, and the cover member houses the control unit of the device. Advantageously, the control unit can then be used at the access opening. The cover member may be provided with a display device for displaying sensor data or processed measurement results. Preferably, the control unit is communicatively coupled to the flux sensing device. Preferably, a power supply and a storage medium are also housed within the cover member.

[0079] In another or alternative embodiment, the device has an elongated shape, wherein at least one inlet and a corresponding outlet are laterally (or radially) provided at different longitudinal positions, and a reduced channel portion extends therebetween. Preferably, the reduced channel portion extends between the inlet and the outlet along the longitudinal direction of the device. In this embodiment, the reduced channel portion is not aligned with either its inlet or its outlet, as it is orthogonal to the inlet orientation and the outlet orientation (i.e., parallel to the inlet region and the outlet region). Refer to Figures 11A to 11C the non-limiting embodiment of

[0080] In another aspect, the present invention may provide an alternative device for monitoring a fluid flow, the device including a body adapted to be introduced into a medium carrying the fluid flow, the body providing one or more passageways for the fluid, each passageway having an inlet, an outlet, and a reduced channel portion that is in fluid communication with the inlet and the outlet via respective inlet funnels and outlet funnels, the device further including means for determining the flux level of the fluid traveling within one or more of the reduced channel portions. In particular, at least one of the reduced channel portions is offset with respect to the inlet and the outlet. One or more of the above features and corresponding advantages may also be applied.

[0081] In another aspect, the present invention may provide yet another alternative device for monitoring a fluid flow, the device including a body adapted to be introduced into a medium carrying the fluid flow, the body providing one or more passageways for the fluid, each passageway having an inlet, an outlet, and a reduced channel portion that is in fluid communication with the inlet and the outlet via respective inlet funnels and outlet funnels, the device further including means for determining the flux level of the fluid traveling within one or more of the reduced channel portions. In particular, the body is provided with at least two such passageways extending in substantially different directions. Preferably, the device has means for determining the flux level associated with each of the passageways. Advantageously, a two-dimensional or multi-dimensional fluid flow can be monitored. One or more of the above features and corresponding advantages may also be applied.

[0082] On the other hand, the present invention can provide yet another alternative device for monitoring a fluid flow, the device comprising a body adapted to be introduced into a medium carrying the fluid flow, the body providing at least one passage for the fluid, the passage having an inlet, an outlet, and a reduced channel portion which is in fluid communication with the inlet and the outlet via respective inlet and outlet funnels, the device further comprising means for determining the flux level of the fluid traveling within the reduced channel portion. In particular, the body has an elongated shape and / or a substantially cylindrical shape, wherein the passage is arranged laterally within the body. That is, substantially orthogonal to the elongated axis and / or the cylinder axis. Such a device can be introduced into the flow-carrying medium along this axis. Very advantageously, they then also enable at least one lateral characterization of the fluid flow, thus orthogonal to their direction of introduction. Optionally, the elongated axis and / or the cylinder axis can be an axis of symmetry. One or more of the above features and corresponding advantages can also be applied.

[0083] In one possible non-limiting embodiment, the device body has an elongated shape and / or a cylindrical shape, wherein the device is configured to be introduced directly into the soil. Optionally, the device body is provided with downward pins for this purpose. Once introduced, the device provides a lateral characterization of the flow via the at least one reduced channel portion. For example, the device can be introduced vertically into the soil and then additionally provide a horizontal characterization of the groundwater flow.

[0084] In another possible non-limiting embodiment, the device body has an optionally elongated and preferably substantially cylindrical shape, wherein the device is particularly adapted to be introduced into a monitoring tube. Preferably, the cylindrical body can engage the tube wall in a sliding manner (and optionally in a sealed manner) within the monitoring tube. Again, the device provides a lateral characterization of the flow orthogonal to its direction of introduction and orthogonal to the direction of extension of the monitoring tube.

[0085] Optionally, the device body has a substantially cylindrical shape, wherein the at least two funnels are arranged laterally, and wherein their funnel inlets have a substantially convex shape, preferably corresponding to the cylindrical body. Figures 1A to 8 And Figure 10A And Figure 10B Illustrates a non-limiting embodiment.

[0086] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for monitoring a fluid flow, the method comprising the steps of:

[0087] - Collecting an inlet flux from a medium carrying the fluid flow at the inlet,

[0088] - Aggregating the inlet flux into an increased flux,

[0089] - Determine a flux level related to the increased flux,

[0090] - Split the increased flux, and

[0091] - Return the split flux as an exit flux to the medium at an exit.

[0092] In particular, the flux includes a curved course between being collected and being returned. That is, the total flux includes at least one curve. For example, a flux passing through a deformed funnel (i.e., having a funnel inlet not aligned with its funnel outlet) will typically have a curve between the funnel inlet and the funnel outlet. Generally, the flux can have a course misaligned with respect to the inlet flux and the exit flux.

[0093] In another or alternative embodiment, the inlet flux and the exit flux have substantially the same flow velocity. Preferably, the inlet and the exit have similar cross-sections, and the flux is aggregated and split to a similar and opposite extent. More preferably, the inlet and the exit have similar shapes and cross-sections. More preferably, the device has a degree of symmetry such that the inlet and the exit can exchange positions while still allowing similar aspects of the fluid flow to be monitored.

[0094] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for monitoring a fluid flow, the method comprising the steps of:

[0095] - Collect at least one inlet flux from a medium carrying the fluid flow,

[0096] - Aggregate the inlet flux into an increased flux,

[0097] - Determine a flux level related to the increased flux, and

[0098] - Return at least one exit flux to the medium,

[0099] In particular, the increased flux is offset with respect to the collected inlet flux and / or the returned exit flux. Preferably, any of the above devices is suitable for performing the method. Thus, the corresponding features and advantages are repeated. Preferably, the present invention is particularly suitable for monitoring a saturated flow.

[0100] According to another or alternative embodiment, at least two inlet fluxes are collected from substantially different directions. Advantageously, a two-dimensional or multi-dimensional fluid flow can be monitored by sensing the corresponding increased flux levels. According to another or alternative embodiment, the fluid flow direction is determined based on the flux levels determined in relation to the at least two inlet fluxes.

[0101] According to another or alternative embodiment, the method is applied to monitoring groundwater flow. According to another or alternative embodiment, the fluid flux is collected and returned through the perforated wall of a groundwater monitoring well. However, the present invention is generally not limited to monitoring groundwater flow.

[0102] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for monitoring a fluid flow, the method comprising the steps of:

[0103] - Collecting at least one inlet flux from a medium carrying the fluid flow,

[0104] - Aggregating the inlet fluxes into an increased flux,

[0105] - Determining a flux level associated with the increased flux, and

[0106] - Returning at least one outlet flux to the medium,

[0107] In particular, at least two such inlet fluxes are collected from substantially different directions. Advantageously, two-dimensional or multi-dimensional fluid flows can be monitored. One or more of the above features and corresponding advantages can also be applied.

[0108] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for monitoring a fluid flow, the method comprising the steps of:

[0109] - Collecting at least one inlet flux from a medium carrying the fluid flow,

[0110] - Aggregating the inlet fluxes into an increased flux,

[0111] - Determining a flux level associated with the increased flux, and

[0112] - Returning at least one outlet flux to the medium,

[0113] In particular, the fluid flow is monitored by means of a monitoring device inserted into the medium along an insertion direction, wherein the collected inlet flux and / or the returned outlet flux is substantially orthogonal to the insertion direction. One or more of the above features and corresponding advantages can also be applied.

[0114] Now, the present invention is further described by means of the following non-limiting examples and drawings, which further illustrate the present invention and are not intended and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

[0115] Figures 1A to 1C Perspective and two side views of a device 1 according to possible embodiments of the present invention are shown respectively. The device 1 has an elongated cylindrical body 2 provided with four transverse openings 3. The device 1 is adapted to be introduced into a medium carrying a fluid flow 4 (Figures 1A to 1C into a medium (not shown), for example, into soil carrying a horizontal groundwater flow. According to a non-limiting example, the body 2 can be lowered into the monitoring tube 12, as Figures 5A to 5B shown. The body can have a lateral surface 11 adapted to slidably engage and contact the inner wall of the monitoring tube 12. The diameter of the body 2 can be between 20 mm and 200 mm. The ratio of the diameter to the height of the body can be between 0.5 and 5.

[0116] Figures 2A to 2B A longitudinal section and a cross section of the device 1 are further shown. Obviously, the openings 3 are arranged in opposite pairs. All the openings 3 have substantially the same shape and size, and they are in substantially the same longitudinal position 21. Each pair of opposite openings 3 is in fluid communication with each other. For this purpose, the body 2 is provided with two corresponding opening funnels 5 and a reduced channel portion 6 extending between them. Figures 1A to 2B The body 2 shown has two separate passageways through which fluid can flow. Further, depending on the fluid flow distribution 4 in the vicinity of the device 1, one opening 3 can act as a fluid inlet 3', while the opposite opening 3 will act as a fluid outlet 3". See Figure 3B . In this regard, the device 1 is preferably centrosymmetric with respect to its central longitudinal axis.

[0117] Compared with the corresponding openings 3, the reduced channel portion 6 generally has a reduced cross-sectional area. Thus, an increased fluid flux 8 exists within the reduced channel portion 6 ( Figures 1A to 2B not shown in the figure). The device 1 is also provided with a flux sensing device 9 ( Figures 1A to 2B not shown), which is adapted to determine the flux level of the fluid traveling within the reduced channel portion 6. The increased flux can lead to increased accuracy and / or an extended measurement range. The sensor data obtained allows the determination of the flow velocity and flow direction associated with the aforementioned fluid flow 4. The flow direction will be detailed below based on Figures 3A to 3B this.

[0118] It should also be noted that the opening funnels 5 are skewed and / or deformed. That is, the funnel inlet (the periphery of the device 1) is not in line with the funnel outlet (substantially the center of the device 1). The funnel inlet and the funnel outlet are offset from each other by 10". Thus, the reduced channel portions 6 are also offset from each other by 10", such that they can cross each other along substantially orthogonal flow directions. The two reduced channel portions 6 are offset by 10' with respect to the corresponding inlet and outlet openings 3, and thus by 10' with respect to all four inlet and outlet openings 3 in total.

[0119] Figures 3A to 3B A perspective view and a cross section of a device 1 according to another embodiment of the present invention are respectively given. The device 1 has a body 2 adapted to be introduced into a medium carrying a fluid flow 4, such asFigure 3B It is schematically depicted. The body 2 has an upper circumferential surface and a lower circumferential surface 11, which circumferential surfaces may be adapted to slidably engage a groundwater monitoring well. Optionally, these surfaces may also include circumferential grooves 22 for receiving a circumferential sealing device. In an alternative use, the body 2 is directly introduced into the medium. For this purpose, downward pins 13 may be provided.

[0120] The body 2 also has two pairs of mutually opposite openings 3 and corresponding opening funnels 5. The funnels 5 are arranged laterally. The opposite funnels 5 are in fluid communication by means of a reduced channel portion 6 therebetween. In addition, the openings 3 and the opening funnels 5 are optionally provided with vertical vanes 14, which prevent bypass flow within the respective funnels 5. That is, the fluid entering the funnels 5 is better directed towards the narrow funnel 5 outlet and into the corresponding reduced channel portion 6.

[0121] A further design of the device 1 is similar to Figures 1A to 2B the embodiment of. In particular, the reduced channel portions 6 are offset by 10” relative to each other such that they can cross each other orthogonally at the center of the device 1. The funnel openings 3 are arranged laterally along the circumference of the body 2. All four openings 3 have approximately the same size and they are in the same longitudinal position 21. The funnels 5 themselves are deformed in order to overcome the offset 10’ between the opposite funnel inlets on the one hand and the corresponding funnel outlets (and the reduced channel portions 6) on the other hand.

[0122] As can be seen in Figure 3B , the fluid flow 4 is disturbed in the vicinity of the device 1. Multiple portions of the fluid flow 4 are respectively collected by the corresponding inlet funnels 5’. The inlet funnels 5’ respectively aggregate these “inlet fluxes” into corresponding “increased fluxes” 8 within the respective reduced channel portions 6. Due to the increase, even a moderate flux level is recorded with high precision. Once through the reduced channel portions 6, the fluid flux returns to the fluid flow 4 as an “outlet flux” via the corresponding outlet funnels 5”.

[0123] The overall orientation of the inlet funnels 5’ relative to the fluid flow 4 will affect the amount of the collected fluid flux 8 and thus also the flux level detected within the corresponding reduced channel portions 6. This principle will allow the user (or a control unit or another analysis unit) to deduct the flow direction 7. In fact, Figures 3A to 3B the device 1 of allows the determination of two orthogonal flux rates. Two corresponding orthogonal flow vector components are readily obtained. In terms of the flow direction and the flow velocity, the total fluid flow 4 can be obtained via vector superposition. In order to determine the fluid flow direction 7 relative to the medium, it is important to also record the orientation of the device 1 relative to the medium. This can be achieved, for example, by means of a compass. Either an electronic compass or an analog compass is acceptable.

[0124] Converting the flux levels into values of fluid flow direction and rate may go beyond simple vector superposition. In particular, any recorded flux levels can be further corrected for the design of device 1. For example, the hydraulic conductivity of the funnel 5 and / or the reduced channel portion 6 can be considered. This can be based on empirical, numerical, and / or theoretical considerations.

[0125] However, most preferably, the device has only a limited influence on the fluid flow 4. That is, the hydraulic resistance of the funnel 5 and the reduced channel portion 6 is preferably as low as possible. In this regard, as in the case of the embodiments throughout Figures 1A to 9C , any of the aforementioned offsets 10' is preferably overcome within the corresponding funnel 5 by means of a suitable "funnel deformation". In contrast to the reduced channel portion 6, the funnel 5 provides a larger cross-sectional area. Therefore, the influence of irregularities is smaller. However, the present invention is generally not limited thereto. Figures 10A to 10B An alternative is shown.

[0126] Figures 4A to 4B A perspective view of device 1 according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention is given. In particular, device 1 has an additional sensor 15. The sensor can be suitable for detecting substances dissolved in the fluid. Optionally, as Figure 4B shown, each funnel inlet is also provided with a fluid-permeable protective net 16. Such a protective net 16 prevents contamination and blockage.

[0127] Figures 5A to 5B A specific embodiment of a device for monitoring the fluid flow 4 within the monitoring tube 12 is shown. In a non-limiting embodiment, the monitoring tube can be a vertical tube constituting a groundwater monitoring well.

[0128] In any case, the monitoring tube 12 has a perforated wall. Thus, the fluid freely exchanges between device 1 and the surrounding medium through the wall. Device 1 also has upper and lower surfaces 11 for engaging the inner side of the tube 12. Additionally, a sealing device 17 is provided. Each funnel in the funnel 5 includes a separate sealing rim that surrounds the funnel. The sealing device 17 engages the inner side of the monitoring tube 12 in a sealed manner. In this way, effective separation of the orthogonal flow vector components within the monitoring tube 12 is ensured. Finally, a positioning and removal device 18 is provided at the upper part of device 1. The positioning and removal device can be a rod or a cable. The rod or cable can also include a wired communication device 24, or can also supplement the wired communication device 24 (also see Figure 6B ).

[0129] Figures 6A to 6BAnother embodiment of the device 1 is shown, now provided with a cover member 19 for covering the access opening 20 of the monitoring tube 12. For this purpose, the cover member 19 has an insertion part and a cover part. The cover member 19 may also include a housing for receiving the control unit 23 of the device. A cable or rod 18 extends downward from the cover member 19 towards the measurement module 25 of the device 1. As can be seen in Figure 6B one or more of such measurement modules 25 in the device 1 can be superimposed. A wired communication device 24 may also be included, thus allowing communication between the control unit 23 and the measurement module 25.

[0130] Figures 7 to Figure 8 show yet other embodiments of the device 1. The measurement module 25 of the device 1 may be provided with additional sensor devices 15. The device body 2 may also be provided with a circumferential flux sensor device 26 and / or a vertical flux sensor device 27 in order to provide an improved characterization of the fluid flow 4.

[0131] Figures 9A to 9C Two longitudinal sections and a perspective view of the device 1 according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention are given. Such a device 1 is particularly adapted to record longitudinal / vertical flow. For this purpose, the device 1 has an elongated body 2 that provides only one longitudinal passage for the fluid. In particular, the device has opposing inlet and outlet funnels 5 that provide corresponding inlet and outlet openings 3. The funnel outlet is connected within the body 2 of the device 1 to a reduced channel portion 6. The device 1 is also provided with means 9 for determining the flux level of the fluid within and traveling along the reduced channel portion 6 through the body 2 of the device 1. For example, the device 1 may be disposed within a monitoring tube (not shown) of a vertical monitoring well. The upper gasket 11 and the lower gasket 11 are particularly adapted to engage the inner tube wall in a sealed manner. Record vertical flow.

[0132] In particular, as can be seen in Figure 9B the funnel 5 is deformed so as to have a funnel outlet that is offset 10' relative to the funnel inlet. Thus, the reduced channel portion 6 is offset 10' relative to the inlet and outlet openings 3 of the device 1. That is, the reduced channel portion 6 is not in line with the openings 3 and is not centered relative to the openings 3. As an advantage, for a device body 2 of a given size (e.g., defined by a monitoring tube), more space is available for the flux sensing means 9.

[0133] It should be understood that a single device body can be combined with one or more transverse passages (as Figures 1A to 8 shown) and longitudinal passages (as Figures 9A to 9C shown). For this purpose, it is easy to provide an appropriate "offset" such that the reduced channel portions can cross each other within the body. In order to fully characterize three-dimensional flow, at least three substantially orthogonal passages can be provided.

[0134] Figure 10A Shows yet another alternative embodiment of the device 1. The device 1 has a body 2 that provides two lateral passages for the fluid. Each passage has an inlet opening and an outlet opening 3, where the corresponding inlet and outlet funnels 5 are in fluid communication via a reduced channel section 6. The passages are substantially orthogonal to each other. In this embodiment, the funnels 5 do not have a deformed shape. In particular, their funnel outlets are in line with their funnel inlets. The reduced channel section 6 of each passage is also in line with its corresponding inlet and outlet openings 3. However, the passages as a whole (and thus including the openings 3, the funnels 5, and the reduced channel section 6) are offset by 10" relative to each other. A moderate offset of 10" may have allowed the reduced channel sections 6 to cross over each other while still providing a flux level measurement more or less corresponding to the average longitudinal position.

[0135] Figure 10B Shows yet another alternative embodiment of the device 1. The inlet opening and the outlet opening 3, as well as the inlet and outlet funnels 5, are all arranged at the same longitudinal position. However, at least one of the reduced channel sections 6 is now curved. In this way, the reduced channel sections 6 have an offset of 10" relative to each other and relative to the entirety of the inlet and outlet openings 3, allowing the reduced channel sections 6 to cross over each other.

[0136] It should be noted that the curvature of the reduced channel section 6 may complicate the measurement. Preferably, the two reduced channel sections 6 are curved in a similar manner such that they have approximately the same hydraulic conductivity. Optionally, the obtained flow rate measurement results are further corrected for this curved channel design.

[0137] Figures 11A to 11C Shows a longitudinal section, a perspective view, and an exploded view of the device 1 according to another embodiment of the present invention. The reduced channel section 6 is misaligned with respect to the inlet 3' and the outlet 3" because it is orthogonal to its inlet opening region 3' and its outlet opening region 3" (both of which are arranged on the side). The reduced channel section 6 is longitudinally oriented. Obviously, in the present case, the inlet opening region 3' and the outlet opening region 3" are not arranged opposite each other. As a result, the flux will need to include two curved paths 28 between being collected (laterally at the inlet opening region 3') and being returned (laterally at the outlet opening region 3"). The depicted device 1 can be suitable for monitoring vertical fluid flow (both upward and downward), for example when inserted into a monitoring well.

[0138] The numbered elements of the drawings are:

[0139] 1. Device

[0140] 2. Body

[0141] 3. (Inlet or outlet) opening

[0142] 4. Fluid flow

[0143] 5. (Inlet or outlet) funnel

[0144] 6. Reduced channel section

[0145] 7. Flow direction

[0146] 8. Increased flux

[0147] 9. Flux sensing device

[0148] 10. Offset

[0149] 11. Joining device

[0150] 12. Monitoring tube

[0151] 13. Pin

[0152] 14. Vane

[0153] 15. Additional sensor device

[0154] 16. Protective net

[0155] 17. Sealing device

[0156] 18. Positioning and removal device

[0157] 19. Cover member

[0158] 20. Access opening

[0159] 21. Vertical horizontal plane

[0160] 22. Groove

[0161] 23. Control unit

[0162] 24. Wired communication device

[0163] 25. Measurement module

[0164] 26. Circumferential flow sensor

[0165] 27. Vertical flow sensor

[0166] 28. Curved path

[0167] It is assumed that the present invention is not limited to any of the foregoing forms of implementation, and some modifications can be added to the presented manufacturing examples without re - evaluating the appended claims.

Claims

1. An apparatus (1) for monitoring a fluid flow (4), said apparatus (1) comprising a body (2) adapted to be introduced into a medium carrying the fluid flow (4), said body (2) providing two or more passages for the fluid flow, each passage having an inlet (3'), an outlet (3'') and a reduced channel portion (6), said reduced channel portion being in fluid communication with said inlet (3') and said outlet (3'') via a respective inlet funnel (5') and outlet funnel (5''), said apparatus (1) further comprising determination means (9) for determining the flux level of the fluid travelling within one or more of said reduced channel portions (6), characterized in that, At least one of the reduced channel portions (6) in the reduced channel section is misaligned with respect to the inlet (3') and the outlet (3''), wherein the device (1) includes at least two such passages along substantially different directions, and wherein the at least two such passages are orthogonal to each other, and the reduced channel portions (6) are capable of crossing over each other at the center of the device (1).

2. The apparatus (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The reduced channel portion (6) is offset with respect to the inlet (3') and the outlet (3'').

3. The apparatus (1) according to claim 2, wherein, The reduced channel portion (6) is offset with respect to the corresponding inlet (3') and the corresponding outlet (3'') of the reduced channel portion.

4. The apparatus (1) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein, The funnels (5) each have a funnel inlet, and wherein at least one funnel (5) has a funnel outlet that is offset with respect to the funnel inlet of the at least one funnel.

5. The apparatus (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The reduced channel portions (6) of the at least two such passages are offset with respect to each other.

6. The apparatus (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The body (2) has an elongated shape, and wherein at least one inlet (3') and the corresponding outlet (3'') are arranged on the side.

7. The apparatus (1) according to claim 6, wherein, The inlet (3') and the outlet (3'') are arranged opposite to each other.

8. The apparatus (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The body (2) has a substantially cylindrical shape.

9. The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein, The body (2) has upper and / or lower means for slidably engaging the monitoring tube (12).

10. The apparatus (1) according to claim 1, said apparatus further being provided with a cover member (19) for covering an access opening (20) of a monitoring tube (12), said cover member (19) housing a control unit of said apparatus (1).

11. A method for monitoring a fluid flow (4) using the apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, said method comprising the following steps: - At the inlet (3'), collect an inlet flux from a medium carrying a fluid flow (4), - Aggregate the inlet flux into an increased flux (8), - Determine a flux level related to the increased flux (8), - Divert the increased flux (8), and - At the outlet (3''), return the diverted flux as an outlet flux to the medium, Characterized in that the total flux includes a curved path between being collected and being returned.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The inlet flux and the outlet flux have substantially the same flow velocity.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The increased flux (8) is offset with respect to the collected inlet flux and / or with respect to the returned outlet flux.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein, At least two inlet fluxes are collected from substantially different flux directions.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein, The fluid flow direction is determined based on the flux level determined in relation to the at least two inlet fluxes.

16. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, wherein, The method is applied to monitoring groundwater flow.

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