Direct current frictional nanogenerator based on friction and electrostatic induction

Abstract

The application discloses a direct-current friction nanogenerator based on friction and electrostatic induction, wherein the area of a positive dielectric film on a positive electrode of the nanogenerator is smaller than the area of a first conductive component, and the area of a negative dielectric film on a negative electrode is smaller than the area of a second conductive component. By making the area of the positive dielectric film and the negative dielectric film in the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the nanogenerator smaller than the corresponding conductive components, direct-current output is realized, and due to the reduction of the contact area, the friction and the loss are reduced, and the durability is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of generator technology, and in particular to a DC triboelectric nanogenerator based on friction and electrostatic induction. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data (BD) in the new era, hundreds of millions of distributed sensor networks have been developed to collect and transform information from the surrounding environment. As a result, distributed and continuous power supply has become an urgent need and a huge challenge.

[0003] Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), as a novel energy conversion technology, offer a promising solution for capturing low-frequency mechanical energy (such as vibration energy, wind energy, and hydropower) and converting it into electrical energy. Furthermore, TENGs have demonstrated significant advantages in large-scale applications in IoT, digital energy harvesting (BD), and environmental monitoring, including low fabrication costs, a wide range of material choices, simple structural design, and environmental friendliness. They have attracted widespread attention from researchers in various fields such as micro-nano energy harvesting and self-powered sensor networks.

[0004] Based on their working mechanism and output signal type, TENGs can be broadly classified into two categories: (i) AC-TENGs, which generate alternating current output based on the coupling of triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction; and (ii) DC-TENGs, which generate direct current output based on the coupling of triboelectric charging and air breakdown. DC-TENGs can directly power electronic devices without the need for rectifier circuits and energy storage units. Currently, ultra-high total output charge density can be achieved by using unit-integrated DC-TENG devices.

[0005] However, conventional DC-TENGs lack a charge accumulation process during operation, and their effective charge density heavily depends on surface contact force. Clearly, high surface contact force leads to severe mechanical wear, a bottleneck for practical applications. Interestingly, AC-TENGs, based on triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction, can continuously accumulate triboelectric charge. AC-TENGs can generate ideal effective charge density even at lower surface contact forces. However, since most electronic devices require DC power, AC-TENGs cannot directly drive them without a rectifier circuit. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a novel DC-TENG that still achieves ideal DC output under low surface contact forces. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problem of high mechanical wear caused by high surface contact force in conventional DC-TENGs, this invention proposes a DC triboelectric nanogenerator based on friction and electrostatic induction. By making the areas of the positive and negative dielectric films in the positive and negative electrodes of the generator smaller than those of the corresponding conductive components, DC output is achieved. The low surface contact force reduces material wear and improves durability.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A DC triboelectric nanogenerator based on friction and electrostatic induction, wherein the area of ​​the positive dielectric film 13 on the positive electrode of the generator is smaller than the area of ​​the first conductive component 12, and the area of ​​the negative dielectric film 23 on the negative electrode is smaller than the area of ​​the second conductive component 22.

[0009] Preferably, the generator includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode;

[0010] The positive electrode includes a first conductive component 12 and a positive dielectric film 13, with the positive dielectric film 13 covering the upper surface of the first conductive component 12; the negative electrode includes a second conductive component 22 and a negative dielectric film 23, with the negative dielectric film 23 covering the upper surface of the second conductive component 22.

[0011] Preferably, the generator includes a contact-disconnect mode, a sliding mode, and a rotating mode.

[0012] Preferably, the generator structure in the contact-separation mode is as follows:

[0013] The first conductive component 12 is on the upper surface of the first substrate 11, and the positive dielectric film 13 is on the upper surface of the first conductive component 12; the second conductive component 22 is on the upper surface of the second substrate 21, and the negative dielectric film 23 is on the upper surface of the second conductive component 22; the triboelectric electrode and the positive and negative electrodes move back and forth to transfer charge.

[0014] Preferably, the friction electrode also makes contact with the first conductive component 12 and the second conductive component 22 to conduct electricity.

[0015] Preferably, the generator structure in the sliding mode or rotating mode is as follows:

[0016] A positive dielectric film 13 is attached to the upper surface of the first conductive component 12, and a negative dielectric film 23 is attached to the upper surface of the second conductive component 22. The first conductive component 12 and the second conductive component 22 are attached to the fourth substrate 111 at intervals. The triboelectric electrode includes a third conductive component 42 and a third substrate 41, with the third conductive component 42 on the lower surface of the third substrate 41.

[0017] Preferably, the first conductive component 12 has a vertical first protrusion 121 on its side, and the third conductive component 42 has a second protrusion 421 on its side, and the first protrusion 121 and the second protrusion 421 are in contact and conductive.

[0018] Preferably, the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 21 are made of insulating materials; the first conductive component 12 and the second conductive component 22 are made of conductive materials; the positive dielectric film 13 is made of a material that becomes positively charged after friction, and the negative dielectric film 23 is made of a material that becomes negatively charged after friction.

[0019] Preferably, the material of the triboelectric electrode is a flexible carbon gel, which is used to achieve soft contact with the first conductive component 12 and the second conductive component 22.

[0020] Preferably, the length of the positive dielectric film 13 is the same as the length of the first conductive component 12, and the width of the positive dielectric film 13 is k times the width of the first conductive component 12, where k < 1 and is a positive number; the length of the negative dielectric film 23 is the same as the length of the second conductive component 22, and the width of the negative dielectric film 23 is k times the width of the second conductive component 22, where k < 1 and is a positive number.

[0021] In summary, by adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0022] In this invention, the dielectric films of the positive and negative electrodes are tactilely charged with the friction electrodes, and then induced to charge the conductive components corresponding to the positive and negative electrodes, respectively. However, the areas of the positive and negative dielectric films in the positive and negative electrodes of the generator are smaller than the corresponding conductive components, thereby enabling charge transfer between the friction electrodes and the induced conductive components to achieve DC output.

[0023] Meanwhile, since the areas of the positive and negative dielectric films are smaller than those of the corresponding conductive components, i.e., the contact area is reduced, the triboelectric electrode does not contact the positive and negative dielectric films at all times during the movement process, thereby reducing friction and loss and improving durability. Attached image description:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a contact-separation mode generator according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of DC output from a generator in contact-disconnect mode. Figure 2 (i) represents the charge distribution when the triboelectric electrode is in contact with the positive dielectric film of the positive electrode. Figure 2 (ii) represents the charge distribution when the triboelectric electrode and the negative dielectric film of the negative electrode initially come into contact. Figure 2 (iii) indicates the charge distribution when the triboelectric electrode comes into contact with the second conductive component of the negative electrode. Figure 2(iv) represents the charge distribution when the negative dielectric film of the triboelectric electrode and the negative electrode separates. Figure 2 (v) represents the charge distribution at the initial contact between the triboelectric electrode and the positive dielectric film of the positive electrode. Figure 2 (vi) represents the charge distribution when the triboelectric electrode comes into contact with the first conductive component of the positive electrode.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the output of generator short-circuit current and transferred charge in contact-separation mode according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a generator in sliding or rotating mode according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a sliding electrode and conductive components in a generator in sliding or rotating mode according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating the principle of a generator outputting DC in sliding or rotating modes. Figure 6 (i) represents the charge distribution when the triboelectric electrode and the negative dielectric film of the negative electrode initially come into contact. Figure 6 (ii) represents the charge distribution when the triboelectric electrode and the positive dielectric film of the positive electrode initially come into contact. Figure 6 (iii) represents the charge distribution when the triboelectric electrode is in contact with the positive dielectric film of the positive electrode. Figure 6 (iv) represents the charge distribution when the triboelectric electrode and the positive dielectric film of the positive electrode are initially separated.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating the durability test of a generator in sliding or rotating modes according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and specific implementation methods. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0032] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0033] The present invention provides a DC triboelectric nanogenerator based on friction and electrostatic induction, comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode and a triboelectric electrode, wherein the negative electrode and the positive electrode are connected by a wire.

[0034] In existing triboelectric nanogenerators based on friction and electrostatic induction, the areas of the positive and negative dielectric films are the same as the area of ​​the conductive components, and alternating current is typically output during charge transfer. This invention requires improvements to the above structure to enable the generator to output direct current.

[0035] The principles of the present invention will be explained through the following embodiments.

[0036] Example 1:

[0037] The generator operates in a contact-separation mode, with the positive and negative electrodes connected by a wire. A triboelectric electrode moves back and forth between the positive and negative electrodes, transferring electrons from the negative electrode to the positive electrode.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown in Figure a, the positive electrode includes a first substrate 11, a first conductive component 12, and a positive dielectric film 13. The first conductive component 12 covers the upper surface of the first substrate 11, and the positive dielectric film 13 covers the upper surface of the first conductive component 12, that is, the first conductive component 12 is located between the first substrate 11 and the positive dielectric film 13.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown in b, the negative electrode includes a second substrate 21, a second conductive component 22, and a negative dielectric film 23. The second conductive component 22 covers the upper surface of the second substrate 21, and the negative dielectric film 23 covers the upper surface of the second conductive component 22, that is, the second conductive component 22 is located between the second substrate 21 and the negative dielectric film 23.

[0040] In this embodiment, the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 21 are made of insulating materials, such as acrylic sheets, wood boards, glass sheets, etc.; the first conductive component 12 and the second conductive component 22 are made of conductive materials, such as aluminum foil, copper foil, steel sheets, etc., to play a conductive role; the positive dielectric film 13 is made of a material that becomes positively charged after friction, such as nylon, PU, ​​etc.; the negative dielectric film 23 is made of a material that becomes negatively charged after friction, such as FEP, PTFE, Kapton film, etc.

[0041] The triboelectric electrode, made of conductive material, is used to contact the positive and negative electrodes respectively to transfer charge, thereby achieving the cumulative output of current.

[0042] In this embodiment, the area of ​​the positive dielectric film 13 is smaller than the area of ​​the first conductive component 12, and the area of ​​the negative dielectric film 23 is smaller than the area of ​​the second conductive component 22. That is, the positive dielectric film 13 cannot completely cover the first conductive component 12, and the negative dielectric film 23 cannot completely cover the second conductive component 22. The areas of the friction electrode, the first conductive component 12, and the second conductive component 22 are equal. In this way, when the friction electrode is in close contact with the positive electrode and the negative electrode respectively, the friction electrode can make contact with the first conductive component 12 and the second conductive component 22 of the aluminum foil respectively to conduct electricity.

[0043] The size of the positive and negative electrodes and the triboelectric electrode area can be changed according to the actual situation. The larger the area, the greater the DC output.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, the principle of the generator in contact-disconnect mode is as follows:

[0045] Figure 2 In (i), the triboelectric electrode 4 is in frictional contact with the positive dielectric film 13 on the positive electrode. The positive dielectric film 13 carries 6 positive charges (it can be other numbers of charges, but this is for ease of explanation in this embodiment), and the triboelectric electrode 4 carries 6 negative charges. The negative dielectric film 23 on the negative electrode carries 6 negative charges, and the second conductive component 22 carries 6 positive charges. (This analysis is based on the saturation state reached after a period of friction. It does not start analyzing the initial charge accumulation process from the first friction. The charge on the dielectric film can be retained for a period of time. If friction is not continued, the charge will dissipate. However, if friction continues after saturation, it can be considered that the charge on the dielectric film remains unchanged.) The triboelectric electrode 4 moves to the right, that is, it moves from the positive electrode to the negative electrode.

[0046] Figure 2 In (ii), the friction electrode 4 begins to contact the negative dielectric film 23 of the negative electrode, and electrostatic induction is generated between the first conductive component 12 on the positive electrode and the positive dielectric film 13. Since the positive dielectric film 13 carries 6 positive charges, the first conductive component 12 will receive an equal number of 6 negative charges from the second conductive component 22 of the negative electrode, thus becoming negatively charged; while the second conductive component 22 loses 6 negative charges, thus carrying 12 positive charges. That is, the direction of negative charge transfer is from the negative electrode to the positive electrode.

[0047] Figure 2In (iii), the friction electrode 4 continues to move to the right. Since the area of ​​the negative dielectric film 23 is smaller than the area of ​​the second conductive component 22, the negative dielectric film 23 cannot completely cover the second conductive component 22. Therefore, the friction electrode 4 will come into contact with the second conductive component 22, thereby partially neutralizing the charge. The 12 positive charges on the second conductive component 22 are transferred to the friction electrode 4. After charge neutralization, the friction electrode 4 will carry 6 positive charges. (The negative dielectric film 23 and the second conductive component 22 are glued and fixed together with double-sided tape. The distance between the negative dielectric film 23 and the friction electrode 4 should be closer, for example, 4 charges on the closer side and 2 charges on the farther side. However, for ease of analysis, it can be understood that all the charges are transferred to the electrode closer to the negative dielectric film 23.)

[0048] Figure 2 In (iv), the friction electrode 4 begins to move to the left, that is, from the negative electrode to the positive electrode. At this time, the first conductive component 12 on the positive electrode carries 6 negative charges, the positive dielectric film 13 carries 6 positive charges, the second conductive component 22 on the negative electrode carries no charge, the negative dielectric film 23 carries 6 negative charges, and the friction electrode 4 will carry 6 positive charges.

[0049] Figure 2 In (v), the triboelectric electrode 4 begins to contact the positive dielectric film 13 of the positive electrode. Electrostatic induction occurs between the second conductive component 22 and the negative dielectric film 23 on the negative electrode. Since the negative dielectric film 23 carries 6 negative charges, the second conductive component 22 will generate 6 positive charges. The corresponding 6 negative charges are then transferred from the second conductive component 22 to the first conductive component 12, resulting in the first conductive component 12 carrying 12 negative charges. The direction of the transfer of negative charges is still from the negative electrode to the positive electrode.

[0050] Figure 2 In (vi), the friction electrode 4 continues to move to the left. Since the area of ​​the positive dielectric film 13 is smaller than the area of ​​the first conductive component 12, the positive dielectric film 13 cannot completely cover the first conductive component 12. Therefore, the friction electrode 4 will come into contact with the first conductive component 12, thereby neutralizing the charge. The 12 negative charges on the first conductive component 12 are transferred to the friction electrode 4. After the charge neutralization, the friction electrode 4 will carry 6 negative charges.

[0051] In this embodiment, Figure 2 (v) and Figure 2 In (ii), the transfer direction of negative charge is the same, that is, the output direction of generator current remains unchanged and DC is output. However, since the triboelectric charge can accumulate until saturation, ideal charge output can be achieved under low surface contact force.

[0052] Meanwhile, since the friction electrode 4 does not maintain constant contact with the positive and negative electrodes, the surface contact force and wear between materials are reduced, thus improving durability.

[0053] from Figure 3 As can be seen in (a), during the reciprocating motion of the triboelectric electrode, the output of the transferred charge of the generator (the generator output is connected to a Keithley 6514 electrometer to demonstrate its output of transferred charge and short-circuit current) shows a linear increasing trend. Figure 3 In (b), the short-circuit current has only a positive output peak and no negative output peak, that is, the output is DC.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] The generator operates in a sliding mode, with the positive and negative electrodes connected by a wire. The friction electrode slides between the positive and negative electrodes, enabling the transfer of negative charge from the negative electrode to the positive electrode.

[0056] like Figure 4 As shown, the positive electrode includes a first conductive component 12 and a positive dielectric film 13, with the positive dielectric film 13 covering the upper surface of the first conductive component 12; the negative electrode includes a second conductive component 22 and a negative dielectric film 23, with the negative dielectric film 23 covering the upper surface of the second conductive component 22; the triboelectric electrode includes a third conductive component 42 and a third substrate 41, with the third conductive component 42 covering the upper surface of the third substrate 41.

[0057] In this embodiment, the third conductive component 42 is made of conductive material, such as aluminum foil, copper foil, steel sheet, etc., to perform the function of conducting electricity; the third substrate 41 is made of insulating material, such as acrylic sheet, wood board, glass plate, etc.

[0058] In this embodiment, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are attached alternately to the fourth substrate 111, which is rectangular.

[0059] In this embodiment, the length of the positive dielectric film 13 is the same as the length of the first conductive component 12, but the width of the positive dielectric film 13 is K times the width of the first conductive component 12, where k < 1 and is a positive number, preferably K = 1 / 2, which can improve charge output (it is also possible if it is not halved, but the output may be smaller); the length of the negative dielectric film 23 is the same as the length of the second conductive component 22, but the width of the negative dielectric film 23 is K times the width of the second conductive component 22, where k < 1 and is a positive number, preferably K = 1 / 2; the positive electrode and the negative electrode are the same size, that is, the length, width and thickness of the first conductive component 12 and the second conductive component 22 are the same, and the length, width and thickness of the positive dielectric film 13 and the negative dielectric film 23 are the same; the length, width and thickness of the third conductive component 42 in the triboelectric electrode are the same as those of the positive dielectric film 13 or the negative dielectric film 23.

[0060] Since the positive dielectric film 13 in the positive electrode has a certain thickness, that is, the upper surface of the positive dielectric film 13 and the upper surface of the first conductive component 12 have a certain height, similarly, the upper surfaces of the negative dielectric film 23 and the second conductive component 22 have a certain height. Thus, when the triboelectric electrode slides on the negative dielectric film 23 and the positive dielectric film 13, when the third conductive component 42 contacts the negative dielectric film 23 and the positive dielectric film 13, it is called contact charging; when the third conductive component 42 does not contact the negative dielectric film 23 and the positive dielectric film 13, it is called inductive charging.

[0061] like Figure 5 As shown, the side of the first conductive component 12 is provided with a vertical first protrusion 121 (made of the same material as the first conductive component 12 and in perpendicular contact with each other), and similarly, the side of the second conductive component 22 is also provided with a vertical protrusion; the side of the third conductive component 42 in the friction electrode is provided with a second protrusion 421 (made of the same material as the third conductive component 42 and in horizontal contact with each other). The advantage of this arrangement is that when the friction electrode slides on the negative dielectric film 23 and the positive dielectric film 13 respectively, it can still make partial contact with the first conductive component 12 and the second conductive component 22 for conduction.

[0062] In this embodiment, the number and area of ​​the positive, negative, and triboelectric electrodes can be changed according to the actual situation.

[0063] like Figure 6 As shown, the principle of the generator operating in slip mode is as follows:

[0064] Figure 6 In (i), when the third conductive component 42 in the triboelectric electrode comes into contact with the negative dielectric film 23 on the negative electrode, the negative dielectric film 23 carries 4 negative charges, the second conductive component 22 carries no charge; the third conductive component 42 carries 4 positive charges; the positive dielectric film 13 on the positive electrode carries 4 positive charges, and the first conductive component 12 carries 4 negative charges due to the electrostatic induction of the positive dielectric film 13.

[0065] Figure 6 In (ii), when the third conductive component 42 in the triboelectric electrode slides from the negative dielectric film 23 to the positive dielectric film 13, the second conductive component 22 carries 4 positive charges due to electrostatic induction of the negative dielectric film 23. The corresponding 4 negative charges are transferred to the connected first conductive component 12 through the wire, so the first conductive component 12 carries 8 negative charges. That is, the negative charges are transferred from the negative electrode to the positive electrode.

[0066] Figure 6In (iii), when the third conductive component 42 in the triboelectric electrode comes into contact with the positive dielectric film 13 of the positive electrode, the second protrusion 421 on the third conductive component 42 comes into contact with the first protrusion 121 of the first conductive component 12, thereby neutralizing the charge between the third conductive component 42 and the first conductive component 12; then the third conductive component 42 carries 4 negative charges, the first conductive component 12 carries no charge, the positive dielectric film 13 carries 4 positive charges, the negative dielectric film 23 carries 4 negative charges, and the second conductive component 22 carries 4 positive charges.

[0067] Figure 6 In (iv), when the third conductive component 42 in the triboelectric electrode slides from the positive dielectric film 13 to the negative dielectric film 23, the first conductive component 12 on the positive electrode transfers 4 negative charges from the second conductive component 22 connected to the negative electrode due to electrostatic induction of the positive dielectric film 13. Therefore, the second conductive component 22 carries 8 positive charges. That is, negative charges are transferred from the negative electrode to the positive electrode.

[0068] In this embodiment, Figure 6 (iv) and Figure 6 In (ii), the transfer direction of negative charge is the same, from the negative electrode to the positive electrode. That is, during the sliding process of the friction electrode, the output direction of the generator current remains unchanged, and the output is DC. However, since the friction charge can accumulate until saturation, ideal charge output can be achieved under low surface contact force.

[0069] Simultaneously, because the triboelectric electrode does not maintain constant contact with the positive and negative electrodes, surface contact forces and material wear are reduced, thus improving durability. Figure 7 As can be seen, due to the low surface contact force, it can still maintain 99% of the initial output after 100,000 operating cycles.

[0070] Example 3

[0071] The generator operates in a rotating mode, with the positive and negative electrodes connected by a wire. The friction electrode rotates between the positive and negative electrodes, thereby transferring negative charge from the negative electrode to the positive electrode.

[0072] In this embodiment, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are attached to the fourth substrate 111 at intervals. The fourth substrate 111 is circular. Other structures and principles are the same as in Embodiment 2, so they will not be described in detail.

[0073] As the rotational speed increases, the amount of charge transferred by the generator per unit time increases significantly, and the short-circuit current shows a linear increasing trend. However, the open-circuit voltage remains constant at around 2700V, exhibiting high DC output characteristics under low surface contact force.

[0074] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are specific examples of implementing the present invention, and in practical applications, various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A direct current tribo-nanogenerator based on friction and electrostatic induction, characterized in that, The generator comprises a positive electrode and a negative electrode; the positive electrode comprises a first conductive component (12) and a positive dielectric film (13) covering the upper surface of the first conductive component (12); the negative electrode comprises a second conductive component (22) and a negative dielectric film (23) covering the upper surface of the second conductive component (22); the area of the positive dielectric film (13) on the positive electrode of the generator is smaller than the area of the first conductive component (12), and the area of the negative dielectric film (23) on the negative electrode is smaller than the area of the second conductive component (22); The generator comprises a contact-separation mode, a sliding mode and a rotating mode; In the generator of the contact-separation mode, the friction electrode and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are subjected to a separation reciprocating motion to transfer electric charges, the friction electrode also contacts and conducts electricity with the first conductive component (12) and the second conductive component (22) respectively, and the areas of the friction electrode, the first conductive component (12) and the second conductive component (22) are equal; In the generator of the sliding mode or the rotating mode, the side edge of the first conductive component (12) is provided with a vertical first protrusion (121), the side edge of the third conductive component (42) is provided with a second protrusion (421), the first protrusion (121) and the second protrusion (421) contact and conduct electricity, and the side edge of the second conductive component (22) is provided with a vertical protrusion.

2. The triboelectric and electrostatic induction based direct current triboelectric nanogenerator of claim 1, wherein, The generator structure of the contact-separation mode is as follows: The first conductive component (12) is on the upper surface of the first base (11), and the positive dielectric film (13) is on the upper surface of the first conductive component (12); the second conductive component (22) is on the upper surface of the second base (21), and the negative dielectric film (23) is on the upper surface of the second conductive component (22).

3. The triboelectric and electrostatic induction based direct current triboelectric nanogenerator of claim 1, wherein, The generator structure of the sliding mode or the rotating mode is as follows: The positive dielectric film (13) is on the upper surface of the first conductive component (12), the negative dielectric film (23) is on the upper surface of the second conductive component (22), the first conductive component (12) and the second conductive component (22) are spaced apart and attached to the fourth base (111); the friction electrode comprises a third conductive component (42) and a third base (41), and the third conductive component (42) is on the lower surface of the third base (41).

4. The friction and electrostatic induction based direct current tribo-nanogenerator of claim 2, wherein, The first base (11) and the second base (21) are made of insulating materials; the first conductive component (12) and the second conductive component (22) are made of conductive materials; the positive dielectric film (13) is made of a material that is positively charged after friction, and the negative dielectric film (23) is made of a material that is negatively charged after friction.

5. The friction and electrostatic induction based direct current tribo-nanogenerator of claim 2, wherein, The material of the friction electrode is flexible carbon gel, which is used to realize soft contact with the first conductive component (12) and the second conductive component (22).

6. The friction and electrostatic induction based direct current tribo-nanogenerator of claim 3, wherein, The length of the positive dielectric film (13) is the same as the length of the first conductive component (12), the width of the positive dielectric film (13) is k times the width of the first conductive component (12), k<1 and is a positive number; the length of the negative dielectric film (23) is the same as the length of the second conductive component (22), and the width of the negative dielectric film (23) is k times the width of the second conductive component (22), k<1 and is a positive number.

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