Generator excitation winding control circuit and generator

Abstract

The present application proposes a generator excitation winding control circuit and a generator for controlling the generator excitation winding. The generator excitation winding includes a head end and N taps. The winding lengths from different taps to the head end are different. The control circuit includes a first control module and a second control module. The first control module includes a PWM signal processing unit and N first switching tubes. The first switching tube is used to switch between the truncation mode and the conduction mode according to the received mode switching instruction when in the working state, and is also used to maintain the truncation mode when in the dormant state. The winding lengths from different taps to the head end are different. When the first switching tubes connected to different taps are turned on, the energized lengths in the excitation winding are different, thereby realizing segmented control. It has a relatively low cost and good electromagnetic compatibility. Through segmented control, it can meet the requirements of a large speed range without causing problems of large size and excessive weight.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of generators, and in particular to a generator excitation winding control circuit and a generator. Background Art

[0002] As automobiles become more mobile, they are required to maintain a constant output voltage across the entire driving process, regardless of speed. To achieve this constant voltage, automotive generators typically use a permanent magnet generator (PMG) connected in series with a digital converter to output a constant voltage. However, this combination of a PMG and a digital converter is expensive and suffers from poor electromagnetic compatibility. Conventional electrically excited generators, to meet the minimum speed and power requirements, are bulky and heavy. While the excitation control method is simple, the speed range is limited to 2x, which does not meet the quadruple speed requirement of automotive generators.

[0003] How to overcome the above problems has become a difficult problem that troubles those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a generator excitation winding control circuit and a generator to at least partially improve the above-mentioned problems.

[0005] In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solutions adopted in the embodiments of the present application are as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a generator excitation winding control circuit for controlling a generator excitation winding, wherein the generator excitation winding includes a head end and N taps, and the winding lengths from different taps to the head end are different. The control circuit includes a first control module and a second control module, wherein the first control module includes a PWM signal processing unit and N first switching tubes;

[0007] The first electrode of each of the first switching tubes is connected to the output end of the PWM signal processing unit, the first electrode of each of the first switching tubes is connected to the second control module, the second electrode of each of the first switching tubes is connected to different taps, and the third electrode of each of the first switching tubes is grounded;

[0008] The second control module is used to control the instruction receiving state of each of the first switching tubes according to the current speed of the generator, and the instruction receiving state includes a working state and a dormant state;

[0009] The PWM signal processing unit is used to send a state switching instruction to all first switching tubes;

[0010] The first switching tube is used to switch between the cutoff state and the conduction state according to the received state switching instruction when in the working state, and is also used to maintain the cutoff state when in the sleep state.

[0011] Optionally, the second control module includes: a management unit and N second switch tubes;

[0012] The first electrode of each second switch tube is connected to the management unit, the second electrode of each second switch tube is respectively connected to the first electrode of a different first switch tube, and the third electrode of each second switch tube is connected to ground;

[0013] The management unit is used to send a corresponding trigger instruction to each second switch tube according to the current speed, and the trigger instruction includes a turn-on instruction and a turn-off instruction;

[0014] The second switch tube is used to switch to the on state when receiving the on instruction so that the connected first switch tube is in the dormant state, and is also used to switch to the off state when receiving the off instruction so that the connected first switch tube is in the working state.

[0015] Optionally, at the same time, the number of second switching tubes in the cut-off state is less than or equal to 1.

[0016] Optionally, the management unit includes a speed signal conversion device, a comparison device, and a decoding device. The comparison device includes N comparators, the inverting input terminal of each comparator is connected to the output terminal of the speed signal conversion device, the non-inverting input terminal of each comparator is connected to a different reference voltage, the output terminals of the N comparators are respectively connected to different input terminals of the decoding device, the decoding device is provided with N output ports, and the N output ports of the decoding device are respectively connected to the first electrodes of different second switching tubes;

[0017] The speed signal conversion device is used to convert the current speed of the generator into a first voltage signal, and transmit the first voltage signal to the comparison device;

[0018] The comparator is used to compare the first voltage signal with a corresponding reference voltage and output a result signal to the decoding device;

[0019] The decoding device is used to decode the received result signal to obtain a trigger instruction corresponding to each second switch tube, and send the trigger instruction to the corresponding second switch tube.

[0020] Optionally, the rotation speed signal conversion device includes: a first resistor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor and a frequency / voltage converter;

[0021] One end of the first resistor is connected to one electrode of the first capacitor, the other electrode of the first capacitor is connected to the input end of the frequency / voltage converter, the output end of the frequency / voltage converter serves as the output end of the speed signal conversion device, one electrode of the second capacitor is grounded, the other electrode of the second capacitor is connected between the first capacitor and the input end of the frequency / voltage converter, and the other end of the first resistor is used to connect to the current speed acquisition device;

[0022] The acquisition device is used to acquire the current speed and transmit the current speed to the first resistor. The current speed is transmitted to the frequency / voltage converter via the first resistor, the first capacitor, and the second capacitor. The current speed is a frequency signal.

[0023] The frequency / voltage converter is used to convert the current rotation speed to obtain the first voltage signal.

[0024] Optionally, the comparator includes an operational amplifier and a third switching tube, and the comparison device further includes N reference voltage setting components. The inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier serves as the reverse input terminal of the comparator, and the output terminal of the reference voltage setting component is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier. The output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the first electrode of the third switching tube, the second electrode of the third switching tube is connected to the first driving power supply, the third electrode of the third switching tube is grounded, and the output terminal of the comparator is set between the second electrode of the third switching tube and the first driving power supply.

[0025] Optionally, the decoding device includes: a decoder and N second resistors;

[0026] The decoder includes N input terminals and corresponding N output terminals, the N input terminals of the decoder are respectively connected to the output terminals of the N comparators, one terminal of the second resistor is connected to the second driving power supply, the other terminals of the N second resistors are respectively connected to the N output terminals of the decoder, and the output terminal of the decoding device is arranged between the second resistor and the output terminal of the decoder;

[0027] The decoder is used to solve the received result signal to adjust the conduction state between the N output terminals of the decoder and the ground terminal, thereby generating a trigger instruction corresponding to each second switch tube and sending the trigger instruction to the corresponding second switch tube.

[0028] Optionally, the PWM signal processing unit includes: a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a fourth transistor, a fifth transistor, a first voltage stabilizing diode, a second diode, and a third diode;

[0029] One end of the third resistor serves as an input end of the PWM signal processing unit, the other end of the third resistor is connected to the base of the fourth transistor and one end of the fourth resistor respectively, and the emitter of the fourth transistor and the other end of the fourth resistor are grounded;

[0030] One end of the fifth resistor and the anode of the second diode are connected to a third driving power supply, the other end of the fifth resistor is connected to the collector of the fourth transistor, the base of the fifth transistor is connected between the fifth resistor and the collector of the fourth transistor, and the collector of the fifth resistor is connected to the cathode of the second diode;

[0031] The anode of the first voltage stabilizing diode is grounded, the cathode of the first voltage stabilizing diode is connected to the base of the fifth transistor, the two ends of the sixth resistor are respectively connected to the cathode of the first voltage stabilizing diode and the emitter of the fifth transistor, the cathode of the third diode is connected to the cathode of the first voltage stabilizing diode, and the anode of the third diode is connected to the emitter of the fifth transistor;

[0032] The emitter of the fifth transistor serves as the output end of the PWM signal processing unit.

[0033] Optionally, the control circuit further includes N fourth freewheeling diodes, the cathodes of the N fourth freewheeling diodes are all connected to the head end, and the anodes of the N fourth freewheeling diodes are respectively connected to the second poles of different first switching tubes.

[0034] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a generator, which includes the above-mentioned generator excitation winding control circuit.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present application provide a generator excitation winding control circuit and a generator for controlling the generator excitation winding. The generator excitation winding includes a head end and N taps, and the winding lengths from different taps to the head end are different. The control circuit includes a first control module and a second control module. The first control module includes a PWM signal processing unit and N first switching tubes; the first pole of each first switching tube is connected to the output end of the PWM signal processing unit, the first pole of each first switching tube is connected to the second control module, the second pole of each first switching tube is connected to a different tap, and the third pole of each first switching tube is grounded; the second control module is used to control the instruction receiving state of each first switching tube according to the current speed of the generator, and the instruction receiving state includes an operating state and a sleep state; the PWM signal processing unit is used to send a mode switching instruction to all the first switching tubes; the first switching tube is used to switch between a truncation mode and a conduction mode according to the received mode switching instruction when in the operating state, and is also used to maintain the truncation mode when in the sleep state. The winding lengths from different taps to the head end vary. When the first switching transistors connected to different taps are turned on, the energized lengths in the excitation winding vary, thus enabling segmented control. This eliminates the need for a permanent magnet generator and digital converter, resulting in a relatively low cost and excellent electromagnetic compatibility. Furthermore, segmented control allows for a wide speed range without the added bulk and weight.

[0036] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 A connection diagram of the control circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the composition of the second control module 20 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the composition of the management unit 201 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the composition of a rotation speed signal conversion device 201A provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the composition of a comparison device 201B provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the composition of a decoding device 201C provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0044] In the figure: 10-first control module; 101-PWM signal processing unit; 20-second control module; 201-management unit; 201A-speed signal conversion device; 201B-comparison device; 201C-decoding device; 201B1-comparator; 201B2-reference voltage setting component. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0046] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present application for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0047] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings. At the same time, in the description of this application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0048] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply the existence of any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article, or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or device. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or device comprising the element.

[0049] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the product of the application is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on this application.

[0050] It should also be noted that, in the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections, or electrical connections; direct connections, indirect connections through an intermediate medium, or internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0051] The following describes some embodiments of the present application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features therein may be combined with each other.

[0052] It should be understood that the solution of a permanent magnet generator plus a digital converter is expensive and has poor electromagnetic compatibility; the solution of an ordinary electromagnetic generator plus a general PWM excitation control results in a large generator volume and weight, and a speed range of less than 2 times, which does not meet the quadruple speed requirement of an automotive generator. To overcome the above problems, an embodiment of the present application provides a generator excitation winding control circuit for controlling the generator excitation winding. The generator excitation winding includes a head end and N taps, and the winding lengths from different taps to the head end are different. The control circuit technology of segmented excitation regulation can reduce the size and weight of the generator, and has the advantages of simple circuit, low cost, and good electromagnetic compatibility.

[0053] Specifically, please refer to Figure 1 The control circuit includes a first control module 10 and a second control module 20. The first control module 10 includes a PWM signal processing unit 101 and N first switch tubes Q1.

[0054] The first pole of each first switch tube Q1 is connected to the output end of the PWM signal processing unit 101, the first pole of each first switch tube Q1 is connected to the second control module 20, the second pole of each first switch tube Q1 is connected to different taps, and the third pole of each first switch tube Q1 is grounded.

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, one of the N taps serves as the end of the field winding, for example Figure 1 The En in the figure is the end of the excitation winding, and the other taps are set between the beginning and the end, for example Figure 1 It should be noted that, Figure 1 The number of taps N shown in FIG. 3 is 3, but this is not a limitation, and N can be any positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0056] Optionally, the first switch tube Q1 may be, but is not limited to, an IGBT tube, and of course, may also be a triode or a MOS tube.

[0057] The second control module 20 is used to control the instruction receiving state of each first switch tube Q1 according to the current rotation speed of the generator. The instruction receiving state includes a working state and a dormant state.

[0058] For example, the first switch Q1 is an IGBT. The first electrode of the first switch Q1 serves as the gate of the IGBT, the second electrode of the first switch Q1 serves as the drain of the IGBT, and the third electrode of the first switch Q1 serves as the source of the IGBT. When the IGBT is in an operating state, it can switch between on and off states based on a PWM command sent by the PWM signal processing unit 101. When the IGBT is in a dormant state, it remains in the off state regardless of changes in the PWM command.

[0059] It should be understood that when the current speed changes, the length of the excitation winding that needs to be turned on varies, meaning that the command reception state of the first switching tubes Q1 corresponding to different taps needs to be controlled. For example, when the current speed is less than a preset first speed threshold, the first switching tube Q1 connected to the excitation winding end En needs to be in an active state, while the other first switching tubes Q1 are in a dormant state. When the current speed is greater than a preset second speed threshold, the first switching tube Q1 connected to the tap E2 closest to the head end E1 needs to be in an active state, while the other first switching tubes Q1 are in a dormant state. Therefore, the command reception state of each first switching tube Q1 can be controlled based on the current speed.

[0060] The PWM signal processing unit 101 is configured to send a mode switching instruction to all first switch tubes Q1 .

[0061] The first switch tube Q1 is used to switch between the cutoff state and the conduction state according to the received state switching instruction when in the working state, and is also used to maintain the cutoff state when in the sleep state.

[0062] It should be understood that the mode switching instruction keeps changing according to a preset rule, that is, when the first switch tube Q1 is in the working state, it switches between the cut-off mode and the conduction mode according to the received mode switching instruction, thereby changing the magnetic field of the excitation winding.

[0063] It should be understood that the winding lengths from different taps to the head end E1 vary. When the first switching transistors Q1 connected to different taps are turned on, the energized lengths in the excitation winding vary, thus enabling segmented control. This eliminates the need for a permanent magnet generator and digital converter, resulting in relatively low cost and good electromagnetic compatibility. Furthermore, segmented control meets the requirements of a wide speed range without causing excessive size or weight.

[0064] In summary, an embodiment of the present application provides a generator excitation winding control circuit for controlling the generator excitation winding, wherein the generator excitation winding includes a head end and N taps, and the winding lengths from different taps to the head end are different. The control circuit includes a first control module and a second control module. The first control module includes a PWM signal processing unit and N first switching tubes; the first pole of each first switching tube is connected to the output end of the PWM signal processing unit, the first pole of each first switching tube is connected to the second control module, the second pole of each first switching tube is respectively connected to different taps, and the third pole of each first switching tube is grounded; the second control module is used to control the instruction receiving state of each first switching tube according to the current speed of the generator, and the instruction receiving state includes a working state and a sleep state; the PWM signal processing unit is used to send a mode switching instruction to all first switching tubes; the first switching tube is used to switch between a truncation mode and a conduction mode according to the received mode switching instruction when in the working state, and is also used to maintain the truncation mode when in the sleep state. The winding lengths from different taps to the head end vary. When the first switching transistors connected to different taps are turned on, the energized lengths in the excitation winding vary, thus enabling segmented control. This eliminates the need for a permanent magnet generator and digital converter, resulting in a relatively low cost and excellent electromagnetic compatibility. Furthermore, segmented control allows for a wide speed range without the added bulk and weight.

[0065] about Figure 1 The present application also provides a possible implementation method for the composition of the second control module, please refer to Figure 2The second control module 20 includes: a management unit 201 and N second switch tubes Q2.

[0066] The first electrode of each second switch tube Q2 is connected to the management unit 201 , the second electrode of each second switch tube Q2 is connected to the first electrode of a different first switch tube Q1 , and the third electrode of each second switch tube Q2 is connected to ground.

[0067] The management unit 201 is used to send a corresponding trigger instruction to each second switch tube Q2 according to the current speed. The trigger instruction includes a turn-on instruction and a turn-off instruction.

[0068] The second switch tube Q2 is used to switch to the on state when receiving the on instruction to put the connected first switch tube Q1 into the dormant state, and is also used to switch to the off state when receiving the off instruction to put the connected first switch tube Q1 into the working state.

[0069] It should be understood that the second switch Q2 can be, but is not limited to, a triode. Of course, it can also be other transistors, such as a MOS transistor. When the second switch Q2 is a triode, the first electrode of the second switch Q2 is the base of the triode, the second electrode of the second switch Q2 is the collector of the triode, and the third electrode of the second switch Q2 is the emitter of the triode.

[0070] In a possible implementation, the first electrode of each second switch tube Q1 is connected to a different output port of the management unit 201 . Of course, the first electrodes of some second switch tubes Q2 may also be connected to the same output port of the management unit 201 .

[0071] Optionally, the on-state instruction is, for example, a high level, and the off-state instruction is, for example, a low level. The second switch tube Q2 is configured to switch to an on state upon receiving the on-state instruction, thereby connecting the first electrode of the first switch tube Q1 to ground, thereby placing the first switch tube Q1 in a dormant state; and to switch to an off state upon receiving the off-state instruction, thereby allowing the first electrode of the first switch tube Q1 to receive the level signal sent by the PWM signal processing unit 101, thereby placing the first switch tube Q1 in an operating state.

[0072] In a possible implementation, at the same time, the number of the second switch tubes Q2 in the cut-off state is less than or equal to 1.

[0073] The management unit 201 only outputs a set of low potentials to facilitate the IGBT tube judgment. It should be understood that when multiple second switch tubes Q2 are in the cut-off state at the same time, part of the winding will be short-circuited, and the management function will not be achieved.

[0074] about Figure 2The present application embodiment also provides a possible implementation method, please refer to Figure 3 The management unit 201 includes a speed signal conversion device 201A, a comparison device 201B, and a decoding device 201C. The comparison device 201B includes N comparators 201B1. The inverting input terminal of each comparator 201B1 is connected to the output terminal of the speed signal conversion device 201A, and the non-inverting input terminal of each comparator 201B1 is connected to a different reference voltage. The output terminals of the N comparators 201B1 are respectively connected to different input terminals of the decoding device 201C. The decoding device 201C has N output ports, and the N output ports of the decoding device 201C are respectively connected to the first electrodes of different second switching tubes Q2.

[0075] The speed signal conversion device 201A is used to convert the current speed of the generator into a first voltage signal, and transmit the first voltage signal to the comparison device 201B.

[0076] The comparator 201B1 is used to compare the first voltage signal with the corresponding reference voltage and output a result signal to the decoding device 201C.

[0077] The decoding device 201C is used to decode the received result signal to obtain a trigger instruction corresponding to each second switch tube Q2, and send the trigger instruction to the corresponding second switch tube Q2.

[0078] It should be understood that different reference voltages and the magnitude of the first voltage signal vary, resulting in different outputs from the N comparators 201B1. For example, if N is 3, the outputs from the three comparators 201B1 can be (000), (001), ..., and (111). Thus, the decoding device 201C can perform calculations based on the outputs from the comparators 201B1 to obtain trigger instructions corresponding to each second switch Q2.

[0079] Optionally, the current rotation speed may be a frequency signal, which is converted into a voltage signal.

[0080] In a possible implementation, the management unit 201 may be a chip with calculation capability, such as an MCU. The MCU may compare N speed thresholds preset according to the current speed signal to determine the trigger instruction corresponding to each second switch tube Q2.

[0081] about Figure 3 The composition of the speed signal conversion device in the present application embodiment also provides a possible implementation method, please refer to Figure 4 The speed signal conversion device 201A includes: a first resistor R1, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2 and a frequency / voltage converter U1.

[0082] One end of the first resistor R1 is connected to one pole of the first capacitor C1, the other pole of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the input end of the frequency / voltage converter U1, the output end of the frequency / voltage converter U1 serves as the output end of the speed signal conversion device 201A, one pole of the second capacitor C2 is grounded, the other pole of the second capacitor C2 is connected between the first capacitor C1 and the input end of the frequency / voltage converter U1, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is used to connect to the current speed collection device.

[0083] The acquisition device is used to acquire the current speed and transmit the current speed to the first resistor R1. The current speed is transmitted to the frequency / voltage converter U1 through the first resistor R1, the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2. The current speed is a frequency signal.

[0084] The frequency / voltage converter U1 is used to convert the current rotation speed to obtain a first voltage signal.

[0085] Optionally, the generator frequency signal is input through the first resistor R1, the first capacitor C1, and the second capacitor C2 to the frequency / voltage converter U1. According to different frequency signal inputs, pin 7 of the frequency / voltage converter U1 outputs different DC voltage signals VIS, i.e., the first voltage signal.

[0086] Please continue to refer to Figure 4 In a possible implementation, the speed signal conversion device 201A further includes: a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor C5, a resistor R9, a resistor R10, a resistor R11, and a resistor R12. Figure 4 As shown, one end of the resistor R9 is connected to pin 1 (input end) of U1, and the other end of the resistor R9 is connected to the ground.

[0087] One electrode of capacitor C3, one electrode of capacitor C4 and one end of resistor R10 are grounded, the other electrode of capacitor C3 is connected to pin 2 of U1, and the other electrode of capacitor C4 and the other end of resistor R10 are connected to pin 2 of U1.

[0088] One end of the resistor R11 is connected to the fourth driving power supply (VCC), and the other end of the resistor R11 is connected to one terminal of the capacitor C5, the other terminal of the capacitor C5 is grounded. Pins 5 and 6 of U1 are connected between the resistor R11 and the capacitor C5.

[0089] One end of the resistor R12 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R12 is connected to pin 7 of U1. Pin 4 of U1 is connected to pin 7. The first voltage signal output from pin 7 is transmitted back to U1 through pin 4. U1 can perform feedback adjustment based on the first voltage signal.

[0090] about Figure 3 The present application also provides a possible implementation method, please refer to Figure 5 The comparator 201B1 includes an operational amplifier U2 and a third switch tube Q3. The comparison device 201B also includes N reference voltage setting components 201B2. The inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U2 serves as the inverting input terminal of the comparator 201B1. The output terminal of the reference voltage setting component 201B2 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U2. The output terminal of the operational amplifier U2 is connected to the first electrode of the third switch tube Q3. The second electrode of the third switch tube Q3 is connected to the first driving power supply. The third electrode of the third switch tube Q3 is grounded. The output terminal of the comparator 201B1 is set between the second electrode of the third switch tube Q3 and the first driving power supply (V+5).

[0091] It should be understood that the inverting input of op amp U2 is connected to the output of frequency / voltage converter U1, and the reference voltage is the voltage at point F. When VIS is less than the minimum reference voltage, all op amps U2 output a high level, all third switches Q3 are turned on, and the output signal (VID) is pulled low. Conversely, when VIS is greater than the maximum reference voltage, all op amps U2 output a low level, all third switches Q3 are in the cutoff state, and the output signal (VID) is pulled high.

[0092] The third switch tube Q3 can be a MOS tube or a triode. Figure 5 In the description, a transistor is used as an example, the first electrode of the third switch tube Q3 is the base of the transistor, the second electrode of the third switch tube Q3 is the collector of the transistor, and the third electrode of the third switch tube Q3 is the emitter of the transistor.

[0093] Please continue to refer to Figure 5 In a possible implementation, the reference voltage setting component 201B2 includes a resistor R13, a resistor R14, a resistor R15, a resistor R16, a resistor R17, a resistor R18, and a capacitor C6.

[0094] One end of the resistor R13 is connected to the fifth driving power supply (Vrefc), the other end of the resistor R13 is connected to one electrode of the capacitor C6 and one end of the resistor R14, and the other electrode of the capacitor C6 and the other end of the resistor R14 are grounded.

[0095] Resistor R14 can be a sliding resistor, serving as a potentiometer. One end of resistor R15 is connected to the adjustment terminal of resistor R14, and the other end of resistor R15 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of op amp U2. One end of resistor R16 is connected between resistor R15 and the non-inverting input terminal of op amp U2, and the other end of resistor R16 is connected to one end of resistor R17, the other end of resistor R17 is grounded. One end of resistor R18 is connected to the output terminal of op amp U2, and the other end of resistor R18 is connected between resistor R16 and resistor R17.

[0096] It should be understood that by changing the resistance of each resistor in the reference voltage setting component 201B2, or adjusting the resistance of resistor R14, the reference voltage (the voltage at point F) can be changed, thereby satisfying the requirement that the non-inverting input terminal of each comparator 201B1 is connected to a different reference voltage.

[0097] Please continue to refer to Figure 5 In a possible implementation, the comparator 201B1 further includes a Zener diode D5, a resistor R21, a resistor R22, and a resistor R23.

[0098] The cathode of the Zener diode D5 is connected to the output of the operational amplifier U2. The anode of the Zener diode D5 is connected to one end of the resistor R21. The other end of the resistor R21 is connected to the first electrode of the third switch Q3. One end of the resistor R23 is grounded. The other end of the resistor R23 is connected between the resistor R21 and the third switch Q3. One end of the resistor R22 is connected to the first drive power supply. The other end of the resistor R22 is connected to the second electrode of the third switch Q3. The output of the comparator 201B1 is located between the second electrode of the third switch Q3 and the resistor R22 (VID).

[0099] Please continue to refer to Figure 5 In a possible implementation, the comparison device 201B further includes a resistor R19, a resistor R20, and a light-emitting diode D6.

[0100] One end of the resistor R19 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U2, and the other end of the resistor R19 is connected to VIS, ie, the output terminal of the speed signal conversion device 201A.

[0101] One end of the resistor R20 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier U2 , and the other end of the resistor R20 is connected to the anode of the light emitting diode D6 , and the cathode of the light emitting diode D6 is grounded.

[0102] It should be understood that when the output of op amp U2 is high, current flows through LED D6, emitting light. It should be noted that by observing the light emission of LEDs D6 in multiple comparators, the current operating state of first switching tube Q1 and the current speed can be determined, thereby helping the user understand its operating status.

[0103] It should be understood that the comparison device 201B compares the various reference voltages of the DC voltage signal VIS and outputs different combinations of high potential and low potential in different speed ranges through the third switch tube Q3.

[0104] about Figure 3 The present application also provides a possible implementation method, please refer to Figure 6 , the decoding device 201C includes: a decoder U3 and N second resistors R2;

[0105] The decoder U3 includes N input terminals and corresponding N output terminals. The N input terminals of the decoder U3 are respectively connected to the output terminals of the N comparators 201B1. One end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the second driving power supply. The other ends of the N second resistors R2 are respectively connected to the N output terminals of the decoder U3. The output terminal of the decoding device 201C is arranged between the second resistor R2 and the output terminal of the decoder U3.

[0106] The decoder U3 is used to solve the received result signal to adjust the conduction state between the N output terminals of the decoder U3 and the ground terminal, thereby generating a trigger instruction corresponding to each second switch tube Q2 and sending the trigger instruction to the corresponding second switch tube Q2.

[0107] Optionally, the comparison device 201B outputs different combinations of high and low potentials, and the decoder U3 is controlled by an internal logic circuit and connected to the resistor R2 so that the decoder U3 only outputs one set of low potentials to facilitate IGBT tube judgment.

[0108] Optionally, the decoder U3 connects the output terminals (Y0, Y1 and Y3) to the ground terminal, or leaves the output terminals suspended, thereby changing the voltage level at the other end of the resistor.

[0109] Please continue to refer to Figure 6 In a possible implementation, the decoding device 201C further includes a resistor R24. One end of the resistor R24 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R24 is connected to the G1 pin of the decoder U3.

[0110] In a possible implementation, the second control module 20 further includes N resistors R8 , one end of the resistor R8 is connected to the first electrode of the second switch tube Q2 , and the other end of the resistor R8 is connected to the output end of the decoding device 201C.

[0111] Please refer to Figure 2 Regarding the composition of the PWM signal processing unit, the embodiment of the present application also provides a possible implementation method, such as Figure 2 As shown, the PWM signal processing unit 101 includes: a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a fourth transistor Q4, a fifth transistor Q5, a first voltage stabilizing diode D1, a second diode D2 and a third diode D3.

[0112] One end of the third resistor R3 serves as the input end of the PWM signal processing unit 101 , and the other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the base of the fourth transistor Q4 and one end of the fourth resistor R4 respectively. The emitter of the fourth transistor Q4 and the other end of the fourth resistor R4 are grounded.

[0113] One end of the fifth resistor R5 and the anode of the second diode D2 are connected to the third driving power supply, the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the collector of the fourth transistor Q4, the base of the fifth transistor Q5 is connected between the fifth resistor R5 and the collector of the fourth transistor Q4, and the collector of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the cathode of the second diode D2.

[0114] The anode of the first voltage zener diode D1 is grounded, the cathode of the first voltage zener diode D1 is connected to the base of the fifth transistor Q5, the two ends of the sixth resistor R6 are respectively connected to the cathode of the first voltage zener diode D1 and the emitter of the fifth transistor Q5, the cathode of the third diode D3 is connected to the cathode of the first voltage zener diode D1, and the anode of the third diode D3 is connected to the emitter of the fifth transistor Q5.

[0115] The emitter of the fifth transistor Q5 serves as the output end of the PWM signal processing unit 101 .

[0116] In a possible implementation, the control circuit further includes N fourth freewheeling diodes D4 , the cathodes of the N fourth freewheeling diodes D4 are all connected to the head end, and the anodes of the N fourth freewheeling diodes D4 are respectively connected to the second electrodes of different first switch tubes Q1 .

[0117] An embodiment of the present application further provides a generator, which includes the above-mentioned generator excitation winding control circuit.

[0118] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations are possible for those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0119] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the present application can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present application. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A generator excitation winding control circuit, characterized in that: Used to control the generator excitation winding, the generator excitation winding includes a head end and N taps, and the winding lengths from different taps to the head end are different. The control circuit includes a first control module and a second control module. The first control module includes a PWM signal processing unit and N first switching tubes; The first electrode of each of the first switching tubes is connected to the output end of the PWM signal processing unit, the first electrode of each of the first switching tubes is connected to the second control module, the second electrode of each of the first switching tubes is connected to different taps, and the third electrode of each of the first switching tubes is grounded; The second control module is used to control the instruction receiving state of each of the first switching tubes according to the current speed of the generator, and the instruction receiving state includes a working state and a dormant state; The PWM signal processing unit is used to send a state switching instruction to all first switching tubes; The first switching tube is used to switch between the cutoff state and the conduction state according to the received state switching instruction when in the working state, and is also used to maintain the cutoff state when in the sleep state.

2. The generator excitation winding control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second control module includes: a management unit and N second switch tubes; The first electrode of each second switch tube is connected to the management unit, the second electrode of each second switch tube is respectively connected to the first electrode of a different first switch tube, and the third electrode of each second switch tube is connected to ground; The management unit is used to send a corresponding trigger instruction to each second switch tube according to the current speed, and the trigger instruction includes a turn-on instruction and a turn-off instruction; The second switch tube is used to switch to the on state when receiving the on instruction so that the connected first switch tube is in the dormant state, and is also used to switch to the off state when receiving the off instruction so that the connected first switch tube is in the working state.

3. The generator excitation winding control circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: At the same time, the number of second switching tubes in the cut-off state is less than or equal to one.

4. The generator excitation winding control circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The management unit includes a speed signal conversion device, a comparison device, and a decoding device. The comparison device includes N comparators, the inverting input end of each comparator is connected to the output end of the speed signal conversion device, the non-inverting input end of each comparator is connected to a different reference voltage, the output ends of the N comparators are respectively connected to different input ends of the decoding device, and the decoding device is provided with N output ports, and the N output ports of the decoding device are respectively connected to the first electrodes of different second switching tubes; The speed signal conversion device is used to convert the current speed of the generator into a first voltage signal, and transmit the first voltage signal to the comparison device; The comparator is used to compare the first voltage signal with a corresponding reference voltage and output a result signal to the decoding device; The decoding device is used to decode the received result signal to obtain a trigger instruction corresponding to each second switch tube, and send the trigger instruction to the corresponding second switch tube.

5. The generator excitation winding control circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rotation speed signal conversion device includes: a first resistor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor and a frequency / voltage converter; One end of the first resistor is connected to one electrode of the first capacitor, the other electrode of the first capacitor is connected to the input end of the frequency / voltage converter, the output end of the frequency / voltage converter serves as the output end of the speed signal conversion device, one electrode of the second capacitor is grounded, the other electrode of the second capacitor is connected between the first capacitor and the input end of the frequency / voltage converter, and the other end of the first resistor is used to connect to the current speed acquisition device; The acquisition device is used to acquire the current speed and transmit the current speed to the first resistor. The current speed is transmitted to the frequency / voltage converter via the first resistor, the first capacitor, and the second capacitor. The current speed is a frequency signal. The frequency / voltage converter is used to convert the current rotation speed to obtain the first voltage signal.

6. The generator excitation winding control circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The comparator includes an operational amplifier and a third switching tube. The comparison device also includes N reference voltage setting components. The inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier serves as the reverse input terminal of the comparator. The output terminal of the reference voltage setting component is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier. The output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the first electrode of the third switching tube. The second electrode of the third switching tube is connected to the first driving power supply. The third electrode of the third switching tube is grounded. The output terminal of the comparator is set between the second electrode of the third switching tube and the first driving power supply.

7. The generator excitation winding control circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The decoding device includes: a decoder and N second resistors; The decoder includes N input terminals and corresponding N output terminals, the N input terminals of the decoder are respectively connected to the output terminals of the N comparators, one terminal of the second resistor is connected to the second driving power supply, the other terminals of the N second resistors are respectively connected to the N output terminals of the decoder, and the output terminal of the decoding device is arranged between the second resistor and the output terminal of the decoder; The decoder is used to solve the received result signal to adjust the conduction state between the N output terminals of the decoder and the ground terminal, thereby generating a trigger instruction corresponding to each second switch tube and sending the trigger instruction to the corresponding second switch tube.

8. The generator excitation winding control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The PWM signal processing unit includes: a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a fourth transistor, a fifth transistor, a first voltage stabilizing diode, a second diode and a third diode; One end of the third resistor serves as an input end of the PWM signal processing unit, the other end of the third resistor is connected to the base of the fourth transistor and one end of the fourth resistor respectively, and the emitter of the fourth transistor and the other end of the fourth resistor are grounded; One end of the fifth resistor and the anode of the second diode are connected to the third driving power supply, the other end of the fifth resistor is connected to the collector of the fourth transistor, the base of the fifth transistor is connected between the fifth resistor and the collector of the fourth transistor, and the collector of the fifth resistor is connected to the cathode of the second diode. The anode of the first voltage stabilizing diode is grounded, the cathode of the first voltage stabilizing diode is connected to the base of the fifth transistor, the two ends of the sixth resistor are respectively connected to the cathode of the first voltage stabilizing diode and the emitter of the fifth transistor, the cathode of the third diode is connected to the cathode of the first voltage stabilizing diode, and the anode of the third diode is connected to the emitter of the fifth transistor. The emitter of the fifth transistor serves as the output end of the PWM signal processing unit.

9. The generator excitation winding control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control circuit further includes N fourth freewheeling diodes, wherein the cathodes of the N fourth freewheeling diodes are all connected to the head end, and the anodes of the N fourth freewheeling diodes are respectively connected to the second poles of different first switching tubes.

10. A generator, characterized in that: The generator comprises the generator excitation winding control circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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