Retractable anchor and support system

Abstract

The present invention provides a retractable anchor and support system, relating to the field of mine tunnel protection devices. The retractable anchor comprises a rod body, a sleeve, and an elastic member. The sleeve is mounted on the rod body, and the elastic member is located within the sleeve and fixedly disposed between the inner end of the rod body and the bottom wall of the sleeve. When the retractable anchor is in use, when the rock mass undergoes tensile deformation, the entire anchor extends under the action of the rock mass, allowing the anchor to continue anchoring the deformed rock mass, while the elastic member continuously provides preload during this process. When the rock mass undergoes transverse compression deformation, or when the tensile deformation force applied to the extended anchor decreases, the entire anchor shortens under the combined action of the rock mass and the elastic member, effectively preventing the anchor from breaking or deforming under stress. In other words, the retractable anchor can adapt to various types of rock mass deformation, such as tensile deformation and transverse compression deformation, through its expansion and contraction, and has a wide range of applications and is not susceptible to damage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mine tunnel protection devices, and in particular to a retractable anchor rod and a support system. Background Art

[0002] Anchor bolts are commonly used in mine tunnels to anchor surrounding rock and protect personnel and equipment within. Surrounding rock can deform in various forms, including tension and compression. However, conventional anchor bolts have poor adaptability and are easily damaged by tension or lateral compression, limiting their applicability to different rock masses. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The first object of the present invention is to provide a telescopic anchor rod to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the anchor rod has poor adaptability to the deformation of the rock mass and thus has a small scope of application.

[0004] The telescopic anchor provided by the present invention comprises a rod body, a sleeve and an elastic member, wherein the sleeve is sleeved outside the rod body, and the elastic member is located inside the sleeve and fixedly arranged between the inner end of the rod body and the bottom wall of the sleeve.

[0005] The telescopic anchor provided by the present invention can produce the following beneficial effects:

[0006] The retractable anchor provided by the present invention, when in use, when the rock mass undergoes tensile deformation, the sleeve and the rod body can slide away from each other under the action of the rock mass, causing the entire anchor rod to extend, thereby enabling the anchor rod to continue to anchor the deformed rock mass, and the elastic member can continue to provide preload during this process. When the rock mass undergoes transverse compression deformation, or when the tensile deformation force on the extended anchor rod decreases, the sleeve and the rod body can slide toward each other under the combined action of the rock mass and the elastic member, causing the entire anchor rod to shorten, thereby effectively preventing the anchor rod from breaking or deforming under stress. In other words, the retractable anchor provided by the present invention can adapt to different forms of deformation of the rock mass, such as tensile deformation and transverse compression deformation, through expansion and contraction, and has a wide range of applications and is not easily damaged.

[0007] Furthermore, a first limiting portion is provided at the inner end of the rod body, and a second limiting portion is provided at the outer end of the sleeve. When the telescopic anchor rod is extended to its longest length, the first limiting portion and the second limiting portion can offset each other.

[0008] Under this technical solution, the first limiting portion and the second limiting portion can effectively prevent the sleeve from separating from the rod body, thereby extending the service life of the telescopic anchor rod and ensuring the anchoring effect.

[0009] Furthermore, the first limiting portion is a circular plate coaxial with the rod body, and the second limiting portion is a circular ring coaxial with the sleeve.

[0010] Under this technical solution, when the retractable anchor rod is extended to its longest length, the circular plate and the circular ring abut against each other, the contact area between the two is relatively large, and the positional relationship between the two is relatively stable.

[0011] Furthermore, the inner side wall of the sleeve is provided with a plurality of first protrusions, each of the first protrusions having a first inclined surface facing the second limiting portion and a second inclined surface facing the bottom wall of the sleeve;

[0012] When the telescopic anchor rod is extended, the first limiting portion and the second inclined surface can offset each other within a first preset resistance range; when the telescopic anchor rod is shortened, the first limiting portion and the first inclined surface can offset each other within a second preset resistance range.

[0013] Under this technical solution, when the tension of the rock mass can overcome the resistance between the first limiting portion and the second inclined surface and the pre-tightening force of the elastic part, the rod body and the sleeve will slide to cause the anchor rod to extend as a whole; when the extrusion force of the rock mass and the tension of the elastic part can overcome the resistance between the first limiting portion and the first inclined surface, the rod body and the sleeve will slide to cause the anchor rod to shorten as a whole.

[0014] Furthermore, the first protrusion is ring-shaped.

[0015] Under this technical solution, the structural strength of the first protrusion is high. When the annular first protrusion abuts against the edge of the circular plate serving as the first limiting portion, the first protrusion and the first limiting portion are in contact over the entire circumference, the contact area is large, and the stress on both is small, so both are not easily damaged.

[0016] Optionally, the outer side wall of the rod body is provided with a plurality of second protrusions, each of the second protrusions having a third inclined surface facing the outer end portion of the rod body and a fourth inclined surface facing the inner end portion of the rod body;

[0017] When the telescopic anchor rod is extended, the second limiting portion and the third inclined surface can offset each other within a first preset resistance range; when the telescopic anchor rod is shortened, the second limiting portion and the fourth inclined surface can offset each other within a second preset resistance range.

[0018] Under this technical solution, when the tension of the rock mass can overcome the resistance between the second limiting portion and the third inclined surface and the pre-tightening force of the elastic part, the rod body and the sleeve will slide to cause the anchor rod to extend as a whole; when the extrusion force of the rock mass and the tension of the elastic part can overcome the resistance between the second limiting portion and the fourth inclined surface, the rod body and the sleeve will slide to cause the anchor rod to shorten as a whole.

[0019] Furthermore, the first preset resistance is greater than or equal to 70% of the anchoring force and less than 80% of the anchoring force, and the second preset resistance is greater than or equal to 10% of the anchoring force and less than 20% of the anchoring force.

[0020] Under this technical solution, when the retractable anchor rod is extended or shortened, both ends are firmly anchored to the rock mass, and the retractable anchor rod has a greater limiting effect on the tensile deformation of the rock mass, which can effectively reduce the tensile deformation of the rock mass and reduce the generation of cracks.

[0021] Furthermore, the elastic member is a constant resistance spring.

[0022] Furthermore, the constant resistance tension of the constant resistance spring is 20% of the anchoring force.

[0023] Under this technical solution, when the tensile deformation force on the extended anchor rod becomes smaller, the anchor rod can shrink under the action of the elastic member.

[0024] Furthermore, the retractable anchor rod also includes a tray and a nut. The outer end of the rod body is provided with an external thread matching the nut, and the tray is provided with a through hole matching the rod body. After the tray and the nut are inserted into the outer end of the rod body in turn, the outer end of the rod body can be fastened to the rock.

[0025] The second object of the present invention is to provide a support system to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the anchor rod has poor adaptability to the deformation of the rock mass and thus has a small scope of application.

[0026] The support system provided by the present invention includes a plurality of the above-mentioned telescopic anchor rods.

[0027] The support system provided by the present invention has all the advantages of the above-mentioned telescopic anchor rod, so they will not be described in detail here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a retractable anchor rod provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a telescopic anchor provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3A schematic cross-sectional view of a usage scenario of the retractable anchor provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a first scenario of use of the retractable anchor provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a second scenario of use of the retractable anchor provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Description of reference numerals:

[0035] 100-rod body; 110-first limiting portion;

[0036] 200 - sleeve; 210 - second limiting portion; 220 - first protrusion; 221 - first inclined surface; 222 - second inclined surface;

[0037] 300-elastic parts;

[0038] 410-tray; 420-nut;

[0039] 500-rock mass; 510-drill hole; 520-crack;

[0040] 600-Anchor body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention is given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0042] This embodiment provides a telescopic anchor rod, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the telescopic anchor includes a rod body 100, a sleeve 200 and an elastic member 300. The sleeve 200 is sleeved on the outside of the rod body 100, and the elastic member 300 is located inside the sleeve 200 and fixedly arranged between the inner end of the rod body 100 and the bottom wall of the sleeve 200.

[0043] It should be noted here that, in this application, the "outer end" refers to the end of the port close to the borehole 510 when the rod body 100 and the sleeve 200 are in use, and the "inner end" refers to the end of the port away from the borehole 510 when the rod body 100 and the sleeve 200 are in use.

[0044] The telescopic anchor provided by this embodiment, when in use, when the rock mass 500 undergoes tensile deformation, the sleeve 200 and the rod body 100 can slide away from each other under the action of the rock mass 500, causing the entire anchor rod to extend, thereby enabling the anchor rod to continue to anchor the deformed rock mass 500, and the elastic member 300 can continue to provide preload during this process. When the rock mass 500 undergoes transverse compression deformation, the sleeve 200 and the rod body 100 can slide toward each other under the combined action of the rock mass 500 and the elastic member 300, or when the tensile deformation force on the extended anchor rod decreases, causing the entire anchor rod to shorten, thereby effectively preventing the anchor rod from breaking or deforming under stress. In other words, the telescopic anchor provided by this embodiment can adapt to different forms of deformation of the rock mass 500, such as tensile deformation and transverse compression deformation, through expansion and contraction, and has a wide range of applications and is not easily damaged.

[0045] Specifically, in this embodiment, when the telescopic anchor rod is in the initial state, ie, just installed, the elastic member 300 is in a stretched state.

[0046] Specifically, in this embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a first stopper 110 is provided at the inner end of the rod body 100, and a second stopper 210 is provided at the outer end of the sleeve 200. When the telescopic anchor rod is extended to its maximum length, the first stopper 110 and the second stopper 210 can abut against each other. This arrangement effectively prevents the sleeve 200 from separating from the rod body 100, thereby extending the service life of the telescopic anchor rod and ensuring the anchoring effect.

[0047] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first limiting portion 110 may be a circular plate coaxial with the rod body 100, and the second limiting portion 210 may be a circular ring coaxial with the sleeve 200. In this arrangement, when the telescopic anchor rod is extended to its maximum length, the circular plate and the circular ring abut against each other, resulting in a relatively large contact area and a relatively stable positional relationship between the two.

[0048] Specifically, in this embodiment, the inner wall of the sleeve 200 is provided with a plurality of first protrusions 220, and the first protrusion 220 has a first inclined surface 221 toward the second limiting portion 210 and a second inclined surface 222 toward the bottom wall of the sleeve 200; when the telescopic anchor rod is extended, the first limiting portion 110 and the second inclined surface 222 can offset each other within a first preset resistance range; when the telescopic anchor rod is shortened, the first limiting portion 110 and the first inclined surface 221 can offset each other within a second preset resistance range. Under this setting, when the tension of the rock mass 500 can overcome the resistance between the first limiting portion 110 and the second inclined surface 222 and the pre-tightening force of the elastic member 300, the rod body 100 and the sleeve 200 slide to extend the anchor rod as a whole; when the extrusion force of the rock mass 500 and the tension of the elastic member 300 can overcome the resistance between the first limiting portion 110 and the first inclined surface 221, the rod body 100 and the sleeve 200 slide to shorten the anchor rod as a whole.

[0049] It should be noted that in other embodiments of the present application, the structure is not limited to that in which the inner wall of the sleeve 200 is provided with a first protrusion 220, but the following structure can also be adopted: the outer wall of the rod body 100 is provided with multiple second protrusions, and the second protrusions have a third inclined surface toward the outer end of the rod body 100 and a fourth inclined surface toward the inner end of the rod body 100; when the telescopic anchor rod is extended, the second limiting portion 210 and the third inclined surface can offset each other within the first preset resistance range; when the telescopic anchor rod is shortened, the second limiting portion 210 and the fourth inclined surface can offset each other within the second preset resistance range. Under this setting, when the tension of the rock mass 500 can overcome the resistance between the second limiting portion 210 and the third inclined surface and the pre-tightening force of the elastic member 300, the rod body 100 and the sleeve 200 slide to extend the anchor rod as a whole; when the extrusion force of the rock mass 500 and the tension of the elastic member 300 can overcome the resistance between the second limiting portion 210 and the fourth inclined surface, the rod body 100 and the sleeve 200 slide to shorten the anchor rod as a whole.

[0050] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first protrusion 220 is annular. This configuration provides the first protrusion 220 with greater structural strength. When the annular first protrusion 220 abuts against the edge of the circular plate serving as the first position-limiting portion 110, the first protrusion 220 and the first position-limiting portion 110 are in contact throughout the entire circumference, resulting in a large contact area and minimal stress on both, making them less susceptible to damage.

[0051] It should be noted that in other embodiments of the present application, the first protrusion 220 can also be petal-shaped, that is, along the circumference of the inner wall of the sleeve 200, the first protrusion 220 can include multiple limiting petals. Preferably, the multiple limiting petals can be evenly arranged along the circumference of the inner wall of the sleeve 200.

[0052] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first predetermined resistance is greater than or equal to 70% of the anchoring force and less than 80% of the anchoring force, and the second predetermined resistance is greater than or equal to 10% of the anchoring force and less than 20% of the anchoring force. With this arrangement, the retractable anchor remains firmly anchored to the rock mass 500 at both ends during extension and contraction, and the retractable anchor further restricts the tensile deformation of the rock mass 500, effectively reducing tensile deformation of the rock mass 500 and the generation of cracks 520.

[0053] Specifically, in this embodiment, the elastic member 300 is a constant resistance spring. Preferably, the constant resistance spring is a high-strength constant resistance spring.

[0054] More specifically, in this embodiment, the constant resistance tension of the high-strength constant resistance spring is 20% of the anchoring force. With this arrangement, when the tensile deformation force on the elongated anchor rod decreases, the anchor rod can contract under the action of the elastic member 300.

[0055] Specifically, in this embodiment, the retractable anchor rod also includes a tray 410 and a nut 420. The outer end of the rod body 100 is provided with an external thread matching the nut 420, and the tray 410 is provided with a through hole matching the rod body 100. After the tray 410 and the nut 420 are inserted into the outer end of the rod body 100 in turn, the outer end of the rod body 100 can be fastened to the rock mass 500.

[0056] In summary, the retractable anchor provided in this embodiment is used for supporting the rock mass 500 in a mine tunnel, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, when in use, the following steps can be followed: first, a hole is drilled in the tunnel rock mass 500, and the diameter of the drill hole 510 matches the outer diameter of the sleeve 200; then, the assembled rod body 100, sleeve 200 and elastic member 300 are inserted into the drill hole 510, and the inner end of the sleeve 200 is anchored to the rock mass 500 using an anchoring agent or the like. Figure 4 and Figure 5 The anchor body 600 is formed after the anchoring agent solidifies; finally, the tray 410 and the nut 420 are sequentially inserted into the rod body 100 from the outer end of the rod body 100, and the nut 420 is tightened.

[0057] When both ends of the retractable anchor rod are fixed, the anchor rod plays an anchoring role on the rock mass 500. If the rock mass 500 is deformed and damaged by tension, the combined action of the rod body 100 and the sleeve 200 can continuously provide preload force during the process of the rock mass 500 deforming to form cracks 520, and still maintain a large anchoring force after deformation. Moreover, if the retractable anchor rod is deformed, the deformation amount is within the deformation limit range of the high-strength constant resistance spring, and both the rod body 100 and the sleeve 200 can be subjected to the tension of the high-strength constant resistance spring; when the rock mass 500 is deformed by lateral compression and the stress conditions change, under the joint action of the rock mass 500 and the high-strength constant resistance spring, the retractable anchor rod can be reset or partially reset, that is, it can adapt to different forms of deformation such as tension or lateral compression by telescoping, has a wide range of applications, and is not easy to damage.

[0058] This embodiment further provides a support system comprising a plurality of the above-mentioned retractable anchor rods. This support system has all the advantages of the above-mentioned retractable anchor rods, so they will not be described in detail here.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include," "comprise," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0060] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to the embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be construed in the widest manner consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A telescopic anchor rod, characterized in that: The invention comprises a rod body (100), a sleeve (200) and an elastic member (300), wherein the sleeve (200) is sleeved outside the rod body (100), and the elastic member (300) is located inside the sleeve (200) and fixedly arranged between the inner end of the rod body (100) and the bottom wall of the sleeve (200); The inner end of the rod body (100) is provided with a first limiting portion (110), and the outer end of the sleeve (200) is provided with a second limiting portion (210). When the telescopic anchor rod is extended to its longest length, the first limiting portion (110) and the second limiting portion (210) can abut against each other. The inner side wall of the sleeve (200) is provided with a plurality of first protrusions (220), wherein the first protrusions (220) have a first inclined surface (221) facing the second limiting portion (210) and a second inclined surface (222) facing the bottom wall of the sleeve (200); when the telescopic anchor rod is extended, the first limiting portion (110) and the second inclined surface (222) can offset each other within a first preset resistance range; when the telescopic anchor rod is shortened, the first limiting portion (110) and the first inclined surface (221) can The second limiting portion (210) and the third inclined surface can offset each other within a second preset resistance range; or, the outer side wall of the rod body (100) is provided with a plurality of second protrusions, the second protrusions having a third inclined surface facing the outer end of the rod body (100) and a fourth inclined surface facing the inner end of the rod body (100); when the telescopic anchor rod is extended, the second limiting portion (210) and the third inclined surface can offset each other within a first preset resistance range; when the telescopic anchor rod is shortened, the second limiting portion (210) and the fourth inclined surface can offset each other within a second preset resistance range; The elastic member (300) is a constant resistance spring; The telescopic anchor rod further comprises a tray (410) and a nut (420); the outer end of the rod body (100) is provided with an external thread matching the nut (420); the tray (410) is provided with a through hole matching the rod body (100); after the tray (410) and the nut (420) are sequentially inserted into the outer end of the rod body (100), the outer end of the rod body (100) can be fastened to the rock mass (500).

2. The telescopic anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first protrusion (220) is ring-shaped.

3. The telescopic anchor rod according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The first preset resistance is greater than or equal to 70% of the anchoring force and less than 80% of the anchoring force, and the second preset resistance is greater than or equal to 10% of the anchoring force and less than 20% of the anchoring force.

4. The telescopic anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The constant resistance tension of the constant resistance spring is 20% of the anchoring force.

5. A support system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of telescopic anchor rods according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

Images