A domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification treatment device

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of domestic waste treatment, and discloses a domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification treatment device, comprising a drying pyrolysis and carbonization chamber, a tower rotary kiln and a secondary combustion chamber, wherein the secondary combustion chamber is located above the drying pyrolysis and carbonization chamber, a heat storage material is arranged in the secondary combustion chamber, a grate is arranged in or below the drying pyrolysis and carbonization chamber, a feed channel is arranged above the feed end of the grate, a normally closed drop hopper is arranged between the discharge end of the grate and the feed port of the tower rotary kiln, and the normally closed drop hopper opens under the pressure of material accumulation so that the material falls into the tower rotary kiln; the domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification treatment device provided by the present invention solves the problems of high energy consumption and high operating costs of existing waste treatment equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of domestic waste treatment, and in particular to a domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification treatment device. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the most common method for treating domestic waste is through incineration. Incineration essentially involves oxidizing organic waste into inert gases and inorganic, non-combustible materials under high temperature and sufficient oxygen conditions, ultimately forming a stable solid residue. The waste is first burned in an incinerator, releasing heat, which is then recovered for heating or power generation. The flue gases are then purified and discharged, leaving a small amount of residual residue that can be discharged, landfilled, or used for other purposes. The heat generated by incineration can be fully utilized, generating significant economic benefits.

[0003] In existing waste treatment equipment, the heat required for drying, pyrolysis, and carbonization is generated through the aerobic combustion of some of the waste. This process produces harmful dioxin gases. To ensure that the combustible gases containing dioxins produced by pyrolysis and carbonization are fully burned and the dioxins formed are completely decomposed, a secondary combustion chamber is installed at the end of the waste combustion chamber to achieve complete combustion of the combustible gases and complete decomposition of the dioxins. The gases are then purified and heat exchanged before being discharged.

[0004] However, due to the high moisture content and complex composition of domestic waste, existing domestic waste treatment equipment requires external energy not only for the drying and incineration stages of the waste, but also for the complete combustion of combustible gases and the complete decomposition of dioxins. Therefore, the overall energy consumption during the operation of the equipment is high, the equipment operating costs are high, and this in turn leads to low economic benefits.

[0005] In addition, the above-mentioned equipment that requires multi-stage treatment of garbage has the problems of large size, high manufacturing cost and land cost, which will also affect the promotion and use of such technology.

[0006] Therefore, how to design a garbage disposal equipment that can not only ensure the harmless treatment of garbage, but also reduce energy consumption and manufacturing and operating costs to facilitate its promotion and use has become an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification treatment device to solve at least one of the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] A domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification treatment device comprises a drying pyrolysis and carbonization chamber, a tower rotary kiln and a secondary combustion chamber, wherein the secondary combustion chamber is located above the drying pyrolysis and carbonization chamber, a heat storage material is provided in the secondary combustion chamber, a grate is provided in or below the drying pyrolysis and carbonization chamber, a feed channel is provided above the feed end of the grate, a normally closed drop hopper is provided between the discharge end of the grate and the feed port of the tower rotary kiln, and the normally closed drop hopper opens under the pressure of material accumulation to allow the material to fall into the tower rotary kiln;

[0010] The drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber has a combustible gas exhaust port, and an upwardly extending high-temperature gas channel is provided between the tower rotary kiln and the secondary combustion chamber. The gas inlet end of the secondary combustion chamber is a gas mixing zone, and the gas mixing zone is connected to an oxygen supply channel. The combustible gas exhaust port and the high-temperature gas channel are both connected to the gas mixing zone;

[0011] A hot air duct is provided in the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber, the hot air duct is located above the grate, the exhaust port of the secondary combustion chamber is connected to the air inlet end of the hot air duct, and the exhaust end of the hot air duct is connected to an external exhaust gas purification system.

[0012] In this technical solution, garbage is fed onto the grate through the feeding channel, and driven by the rotating grate, the garbage enters the drying, pyrolysis and carbonization chamber. The chamber temperature of the drying, pyrolysis and carbonization chamber can be set to about 550 degrees, and the garbage is dried, pyrolyzed and carbonized. The products of the garbage on the grate after drying, pyrolysis and carbonization are solids such as coke and ash, which fall from the tail of the grate into the normally closed drop hopper. Since the normally closed drop hopper opens under the pressure of material accumulation so that the material falls into the tower rotary kiln, the grate continuously transports the material into the normally closed drop hopper. When the material accumulates to a certain extent, the normally closed drop hopper opens to a certain extent, allowing the material to enter the tower rotary kiln, and undergoes oxygen-enriched combustion and gasification with air and water vapor in the tower rotary kiln. The temperature in the tower rotary kiln is above 850℃, and the high-temperature gasified mixed flue gas of about 850℃ enters the secondary combustion chamber from the top of the tower rotary kiln through the high-temperature gas channel; at the same time, during the drying, pyrolysis and carbonization Indoors, water vapor generated in the drying stage, combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, methane and tar molecules generated in the pyrolysis stage are sent from the combustible gas outlet of the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber into the gas mixing zone of the secondary combustion chamber; since the gas mixing zone is connected to the oxygen supply channel, the oxygen supply channel transports heated air to the gas mixing zone, the purpose is to provide nourishment for auxiliary combustion in this area, and the high-temperature gasified mixed flue gas at about 850°C, the combustible gas generated in the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber and the heated air are mixed in the secondary combustion chamber for full combustion to achieve complete decomposition of harmful gases such as dioxins; since there is sufficient heat storage material inside the secondary combustion chamber, the heat storage material can be a material with heat storage function such as heat storage bricks, and the combustible gas and air can be fully mixed and completely burned during the combustion process. The heat storage material can make the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber continue to maintain at about 850°C, and the flue gas residence time is more than 3 seconds, so that the harmful gases generated in the garbage disposal process are completely and thoroughly decomposed. The high-temperature flue gas burned out at the tail of the secondary combustion chamber enters the hot air duct, and heat is transferred in the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber through the hot air duct, so that the temperature of the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber is maintained at about 550℃. The high-temperature flue gas in the hot air duct is cooled to about 500℃ at its exhaust end and enters the exhaust gas purification system for gas purification treatment, ensuring that the exhaust gas discharge meets environmental protection requirements.

[0013] In summary, in this design, the high-temperature gasified mixed flue gas at around 850°C is mixed with the combustible gas and heated air generated in the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber in the secondary combustion chamber for full combustion. This not only achieves the complete decomposition of harmful gases such as dioxins, but also the heat energy of the secondary combustion chamber is used to heat the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber through the hot air duct, thereby maintaining the temperature of the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber at around 550°C. Therefore, when the garbage enters the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber, the temperature fully meets the requirements for drying, pyrolysis, and carbonization of the garbage, without the need for external heat energy. Since there is sufficient heat storage material inside the secondary combustion chamber, the heat storage material can keep the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber at around 850°C, and the flue gas residence time is greater than 3 seconds, which can completely and thoroughly decompose the harmful gases generated during the garbage treatment process. Similarly, the functions and effects of the secondary combustion chamber do not require the help of external heat energy.

[0014] More importantly, since the normally closed hopper opens under the pressure of material accumulation so that the material can fall into the tower rotary kiln, the grate continuously transports the material into the normally closed hopper. Only when the material accumulates to a certain extent, the normally closed hopper will open to a certain extent to allow the material to enter the tower rotary kiln. Under normal circumstances, the normally closed hopper basically achieves the isolation of the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber from the tower rotary kiln combustion chamber, so that the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber maintains a micro-oxygen combustion state. Therefore, the drying, pyrolysis and carbonization treatment processes are basically carried out in a nearly oxygen-free (micro-oxygen) state, that is, the garbage is decomposed at low temperature in a micro-oxygen state, thereby achieving control of the dioxin generation environment, greatly reducing the amount of dioxin generated, and controlling the amount of dioxin generated from the source. Combined with the high-temperature decomposition of the secondary combustion chamber, the final output gas harmful substances are extremely low, and the operating pressure of the subsequent exhaust gas purification system is also reduced.

[0015] In this design, the drying, pyrolysis, and carbonization chambers, tower-type rotary kiln, and secondary combustion chamber are relatively independent yet cleverly integrated, allowing each chamber to fully utilize its functions. This minimizes heat loss, reduces energy consumption, and achieves high waste treatment efficiency. This results in a high degree of waste reduction, thorough exhaust treatment that meets national emission standards, and low operating costs.

[0016] In this design, the heat required for the drying, pyrolysis and carbonization of garbage is all generated by the complete combustion of combustible gases produced by the pyrolysis and gasification of garbage and the coke after the carbonization of garbage. The heat energy of garbage is recycled, and no external heat energy is required, which saves energy and reduces the consumption of natural resources.

[0017] This equipment features an ingenious structural design, with both an independent drying, pyrolysis, and gasification system, namely the drying, pyrolysis, and carbonization chamber, and an independent oxygen-enriched incineration system, namely the tower-type rotary kiln. Both systems can operate independently and normally in various environments. This means the equipment has both independent pyrolysis, gasification, and incineration capabilities for waste disposal.

[0018] Furthermore, the normally closed dropping hopper includes a dropping hopper and a normally closed door. The dropping hopper extends downwardly and obliquely toward the tower rotary kiln. The upper end of the normally closed door is hinged above the feed port of the tower rotary kiln. The normally closed door is tilted and placed on the dropping hopper due to its own gravity without the action of external force, thereby achieving the closure of the normally closed dropping hopper.

[0019] Because the upper end of the normally closed door is hinged above the feed port of the tower rotary kiln, the normally closed door tilts and rests on the hopper due to its own weight in the absence of external forces, thereby sealing the normally closed hopper. When material falls from the discharge end of the grate onto the hopper, the material continues to accumulate and exerts pressure on the normally closed door, causing it to open to a certain extent, allowing the material to quickly fall into the tower rotary kiln. This design has a simple structure and can automatically open the normally closed door solely through the material accumulation effect. This ensures that material is fed into the tower rotary kiln while preventing oxygen from entering the drying, pyrolysis and carbonization chamber. This allows for the separate treatment of waste with low-oxygen combustion and oxygen-enriched combustion, achieving a more environmentally friendly and energy-saving waste treatment effect.

[0020] Furthermore, a movable discharge plate capable of blocking the feed channel is provided in the feed channel, the movable discharge plate is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the feed channel, and an elastic reset part capable of driving the movable discharge plate to block the feed channel is provided between the movable discharge plate and the inner wall of the feed channel.

[0021] Since the movable discharge plate can only open the feed channel during the discharge process, the feed channel has a good sealing effect. During the operation of the equipment, only a small amount of air enters the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber. Therefore, the garbage undergoes indirect pyrolysis and carbonization with little oxygen in the drying pyrolysis and carbonization chamber, which controls the dioxin generation environment to the greatest extent and reduces the generation of pollutants.

[0022] Furthermore, in order to achieve a better feeding state, the gravity of the garbage is fully utilized to drive the movable discharge plate, and the feeding channel is a vertical feeding channel.

[0023] Furthermore, in order to better reduce the amount of air entering during the discharge process, a plurality of movable discharge plates are provided in the feed channel.

[0024] Furthermore, in order to better feed the materials, a feed hopper is provided at the upper end of the feed channel.

[0025] Furthermore, in order to realize the weighing of the amount of incoming garbage and facilitate the statistics of the garbage processing volume, a weighing sensor is provided on the uppermost movable discharge plate.

[0026] Furthermore, in order to adapt to the high temperature environment in the furnace, the normally closed door is made of high temperature resistant metal material.

[0027] Furthermore, in order to facilitate the discharge of combustible gas in the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber, the inner top wall of the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber gradually tilts upward along the feeding direction of the grate to form an inclined inner top wall, and the combustible gas discharge port is located at the upper end of the inclined inner top wall.

[0028] Furthermore, to achieve a more compact equipment structure and minimize energy losses caused by gas transmission, the tower rotary kiln is a vertical coke incineration and gasification rotary kiln. The carbon residue from the waste burned in the vertical coke incineration and gasification rotary kiln is discharged through the bottom of the rotary kiln. The feed channel, drying, pyrolysis and carbonization chamber, secondary combustion chamber, and the tower rotary kiln's combustion chamber are all integrated into a single housing. An insulation layer can be provided on the exterior of the housing to further reduce energy losses.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: in this technical solution, garbage is fed onto the grate through the feeding channel, and driven by the rotating grate, the garbage enters the drying, pyrolysis and carbonization chamber. The chamber temperature of the drying, pyrolysis and carbonization chamber can be set to about 550 degrees, and the garbage is dried, pyrolyzed and carbonized. The products of the garbage on the grate after drying, pyrolysis and carbonization are solid materials such as coke and ash, which fall from the tail of the grate into the normally closed drop hopper. Since the normally closed drop hopper opens under the pressure of material accumulation so that the material falls into the tower rotary kiln, the grate continuously transports the material into the normally closed drop hopper. When the material accumulates to a certain extent, the normally closed drop hopper opens to a certain extent, allowing the material to enter the tower rotary kiln, and undergoes oxygen-enriched combustion and gasification with air and water vapor in the tower rotary kiln. The temperature in the tower rotary kiln is above 850°C, and the high-temperature gasified mixed flue gas of about 850°C enters the secondary combustion chamber from the top of the tower rotary kiln through the high-temperature gas channel; at the same time, in the drying In the dry pyrolysis carbonization chamber, water vapor generated in the drying stage, combustible gases such as carbon monoxide and methane generated in the pyrolysis stage, and combustible gases such as tar molecules are sent from the combustible gas exhaust port of the dry pyrolysis carbonization chamber into the gas mixing zone of the secondary combustion chamber; since the gas mixing zone is connected to the oxygen supply channel, the oxygen supply channel transports heated air to the gas mixing zone, the purpose is to provide nourishment for auxiliary combustion in this area, and the high-temperature gasified mixed flue gas of about 850°C, the combustible gas generated in the dry pyrolysis carbonization chamber and the heated air are mixed in the secondary combustion chamber for full combustion to achieve complete decomposition of harmful gases such as dioxins; since there is sufficient heat storage material inside the secondary combustion chamber, the heat storage material can be a material with heat storage function such as heat storage bricks, and the combustible gas and air can be fully mixed and completely burned during the combustion process. The heat storage material can keep the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber at about 850°C, and the flue gas residence time is more than 3 seconds, so that the harmful gases generated in the garbage treatment process are completely and thoroughly decomposed. The high-temperature flue gas burned out at the tail of the secondary combustion chamber enters the hot air duct, and heat is transferred in the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber through the hot air duct, so that the temperature of the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber is maintained at about 550℃. The high-temperature flue gas in the hot air duct is cooled to about 500℃ at its exhaust end and enters the exhaust gas purification system for gas purification treatment, ensuring that the exhaust gas discharge meets environmental protection requirements.

[0030] In summary, in this design, the high-temperature gasified mixed flue gas at around 850°C is mixed with the combustible gas and heated air generated in the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber in the secondary combustion chamber for full combustion. This not only achieves the complete decomposition of harmful gases such as dioxins, but also the heat energy of the secondary combustion chamber is used to heat the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber through the hot air duct, thereby maintaining the temperature of the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber at around 550°C. Therefore, when the garbage enters the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber, the temperature fully meets the requirements for drying, pyrolysis, and carbonization of the garbage, without the need for external heat energy. Since there is sufficient heat storage material inside the secondary combustion chamber, the heat storage material can keep the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber at around 850°C, and the flue gas residence time is greater than 3 seconds, which can completely and thoroughly decompose the harmful gases generated during the garbage treatment process. Similarly, the functions and effects of the secondary combustion chamber do not require the help of external heat energy.

[0031] More importantly, since the normally closed hopper opens under the pressure of material accumulation so that the material can fall into the tower rotary kiln, the grate continuously transports the material into the normally closed hopper. Only when the material accumulates to a certain extent, the normally closed hopper will open to a certain extent to allow the material to enter the tower rotary kiln. Under normal circumstances, the normally closed hopper basically achieves the isolation of the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber from the tower rotary kiln combustion chamber, so that the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber maintains a micro-oxygen combustion state. Therefore, the drying, pyrolysis and carbonization treatment processes are basically carried out in a nearly oxygen-free (micro-oxygen) state, that is, the garbage is decomposed at low temperature in a micro-oxygen state, thereby achieving control of the dioxin generation environment, greatly reducing the amount of dioxin generated, and controlling the amount of dioxin generated from the source. Combined with the high-temperature decomposition of the secondary combustion chamber, the final output gas harmful substances are extremely low, and the operating pressure of the subsequent exhaust gas purification system is also reduced.

[0032] In this design, the drying, pyrolysis, and carbonization chambers, tower-type rotary kiln, and secondary combustion chamber are relatively independent yet cleverly integrated, allowing each chamber to fully utilize its functions. This minimizes heat loss, reduces energy consumption, and achieves high waste treatment efficiency. This results in a high degree of waste reduction, thorough exhaust treatment that meets national emission standards, and low operating costs.

[0033] In this design, the heat required for the drying, pyrolysis and carbonization of garbage is all generated by the complete combustion of combustible gases produced by the pyrolysis and gasification of garbage and the coke after the carbonization of garbage. The heat energy of garbage is recycled, and no external heat energy is required, which saves energy and reduces the consumption of natural resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the first state of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the second state of the present invention.

[0036] In the figure: grate 1; tower rotary kiln 2; feed channel 3; feed port 4; drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5; hot air duct 6; combustible gas exhaust port 7; secondary combustion chamber 8; heat storage material 9; exhaust port 10; high-temperature gas channel 11; movable discharge plate 12; gas mixing zone 13; feed hopper 14; oxygen supply channel 15; drop hopper 16; outer shell 17; normally closed door 18; elastic reset member 19; inclined inner top wall 20. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] Example 1:

[0038] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification treatment device, including a drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5, a tower rotary kiln 2 and a secondary combustion chamber 8, the secondary combustion chamber 8 is located above the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5, a heat storage material 9 is provided in the secondary combustion chamber 8, a grate 1 is provided in or below the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5, a feed channel 3 is provided above the feed end of the grate 1, a normally closed drop hopper is provided between the discharge end of the grate 1 and the feed port 4 of the tower rotary kiln 2, and the normally closed drop hopper is opened under the pressure of material accumulation so that the material falls into the tower rotary kiln 2; it should be noted that this technology In the technical solution, the grate 1 can be arranged in the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5. The grate 1 is resistant to high temperatures and can realize the transportation of garbage. The grate 1 is not connected to the outside and can ensure the micro-oxygen combustion state in the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5. Of course, the grate 1 can also borrow the design of the grate 1 provided by other equipment. For example, the grate furnace itself has a grate 1. In this case, the grate 1 can be located below the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5. However, it is necessary to ensure the sealing effect of the furnace body of the grate furnace and the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5, so as to ensure the micro-oxygen combustion state in the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5.

[0039] The drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5 has a combustible gas outlet 7. A high-temperature gas passage 11 extending upward is provided between the tower rotary kiln 2 and the secondary combustion chamber 8. The gas inlet end of the secondary combustion chamber 8 is a gas mixing zone 13. The gas mixing zone 13 is connected to an oxygen supply channel 15. The combustible gas outlet 7 and the high-temperature gas passage 11 are both connected to the gas mixing zone 13.

[0040] A hot air duct 6 is provided in the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5. The hot air duct 6 is located above the grate 1. In order to achieve better thermal energy utilization, the hot air duct 6 is a high-temperature resistant heat transfer coil. The exhaust port 10 of the secondary combustion chamber 8 is connected to the air inlet end of the hot air duct 6, and the exhaust end of the hot air duct 6 is connected to the external exhaust gas purification system.

[0041] In this technical solution, the garbage is fed to the grate 1 through the feeding channel 3. Driven by the rotating grate 1, the garbage enters the drying, pyrolysis and carbonization chamber 5. The chamber temperature of the drying, pyrolysis and carbonization chamber 5 can be set to about 550 degrees to dry, pyrolyze and carbonize the garbage. The products of the garbage on the grate 1 after drying, pyrolysis and carbonization are solid materials such as coke and ash, which fall from the tail of the grate 1 into the normally closed drop hopper. Since the normally closed drop hopper opens under the pressure of material accumulation so that the material falls into the tower rotary furnace 2, the grate 1 continuously removes the material. The materials are transported to the normally closed hopper, and when they accumulate to a certain extent, the normally closed hopper is opened to a certain extent, so that the materials enter the tower rotary kiln 2, and are burned and gasified with air and water vapor in the tower rotary kiln 2. The temperature in the tower rotary kiln 2 is above 850°C, and the high-temperature gasified mixed flue gas of about 850°C is generated from the top of the tower rotary kiln 2 through the high-temperature gas channel 11 into the secondary combustion chamber 8; at the same time, in the drying and pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5, the water vapor generated in the drying stage, the carbon monoxide, methane and other combustible gases generated in the pyrolysis stage The combustible gases such as tar molecules and the like are fed into the gas mixing zone 13 of the secondary combustion chamber 8 from the combustible gas outlet 7 of the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5; since the gas mixing zone 13 is connected with the oxygen supply channel, the oxygen supply channel 15 transports the heated air to the gas mixing zone 13, with the purpose of providing auxiliary combustion to the area, and the high-temperature gasified mixed flue gas of about 850°C generated in the tower rotary kiln 2, the combustible gas generated in the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5 and the heated air input from the oxygen supply channel 15 are mixed in the secondary combustion chamber 8 for full combustion to achieve the purpose of burning dioxins and other harmful substances. The complete decomposition of harmful gases requires explanation. The heated air is mainly to avoid consuming the heat energy of the secondary combustion chamber 8. It can be heated to a temperature of about 20°C. Since the secondary combustion chamber 8 is provided with sufficient heat storage material 9, which can be a material with heat storage function such as heat storage bricks, the combustible gas and air can be fully mixed and completely burned during the combustion process. The heat storage material 9 can keep the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber 8 at about 850°C, and the smoke residence time is more than 3 seconds, so that the harmful gases generated in the garbage disposal process are completely and thoroughly decomposed. The high-temperature smoke from the tail of the secondary combustion chamber 8 enters the hot air duct 6, and heat is transferred through the hot air duct 6 in the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5, so that the temperature of the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5 is maintained at about 550°C. The high-temperature smoke in the hot air duct 6 drops to about 500°C at its exhaust end and enters the exhaust gas purification system for gas purification treatment, ensuring that the exhaust gas discharge meets environmental protection requirements.

[0042] In summary, in this design, the high-temperature gasified mixed flue gas at about 850°C is mixed with the combustible gas and heated air generated by the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5 in the secondary combustion chamber 8 for full combustion. This not only achieves the complete decomposition of harmful gases such as dioxins, but also the heat energy of the secondary combustion chamber 8 is used to heat the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5 through the hot air duct 6, thereby maintaining the temperature of the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5 at about 550°C. Therefore, when the garbage enters the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5, the temperature fully meets the requirements for drying, pyrolysis and carbonization of the garbage, without the need for external heat energy. Since there is sufficient heat storage material 9 inside the secondary combustion chamber 8, the heat storage material 9 enables the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber 8 to be continuously maintained at about 850°C, and the flue gas residence time is greater than 3 seconds, which can completely and thoroughly decompose the harmful gases generated during the garbage treatment process. Similarly, the functions and effects of the secondary combustion chamber 8 do not require the help of external heat energy.

[0043] More importantly, since the normally closed drop hopper opens under the pressure of material accumulation so that the material can fall into the tower rotary kiln 2, the grate 1 continuously transports the material into the normally closed drop hopper. Only when the material accumulates to a certain extent, the normally closed drop hopper will open to a certain extent to allow the material to enter the tower rotary kiln 2. Under normal circumstances, the normally closed drop hopper basically achieves the isolation of the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5 from the combustion chamber of the tower rotary kiln 2, so that the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5 maintains a micro-oxygen combustion state. Therefore, the drying, pyrolysis and carbonization treatment processes are basically carried out in a nearly oxygen-free (micro-oxygen) state, that is, the garbage is decomposed at low temperature in a micro-oxygen state, thereby achieving control of the dioxin generation environment, greatly reducing the amount of dioxin generated, and controlling the amount of dioxin generated from the source. Combined with the high-temperature decomposition of the secondary combustion chamber 8, the final output gas harmful substances are extremely low, and the operating pressure of the subsequent exhaust gas purification system is also reduced. In addition, it should be noted that compared with traditional grate furnace waste incineration treatment, the grate needs to operate in a high-temperature environment of over 700°C, the grate has a high failure rate, high maintenance cost, and a short service life. In this technical solution, since the garbage is decomposed at low temperature in a micro-oxygen state in the dry pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5, the temperature is about 550°C. Therefore, the service life of the grate 1 in this design is longer, thereby increasing the reliability of the equipment operation and reducing equipment failures and maintenance costs.

[0044] In this design, the drying, pyrolysis, and carbonization chamber 5, the tower-type rotary kiln 2, and the secondary combustion chamber 8 are relatively independent yet cleverly integrated, allowing each chamber to fully utilize its functions. Heat loss is minimized, energy consumption is low, and waste treatment efficiency is high. This significantly reduces waste volume, thoroughly treats exhaust gases, meets national emission standards, and reduces equipment operating costs.

[0045] In this design, the heat required for the drying, pyrolysis and carbonization of garbage is all generated by the complete combustion of combustible gases produced by the pyrolysis and gasification of garbage and the coke after the carbonization of garbage. The heat energy of garbage is recycled, and no external heat energy is required, which saves energy and reduces the consumption of natural resources.

[0046] This equipment features an ingenious structural design, with both an independent drying, pyrolysis, and gasification system, namely the drying, pyrolysis, and carbonization chamber 5, and an independent oxygen-enriched incineration system, namely the tower-type rotary kiln 2. Both systems can operate independently and normally in various environments. This means that the equipment has both independent pyrolysis, gasification, and incineration capabilities for waste disposal.

[0047] Example 2:

[0048] This embodiment is optimized based on the above embodiment 1.

[0049] The normally closed dropping hopper includes a dropping hopper 16 and a normally closed door 18. The dropping hopper 16 extends downwardly and obliquely toward the tower rotary furnace 2. The upper end of the normally closed door 18 is hinged above the feed port 4 of the tower rotary furnace 2. The normally closed door 18 is tilted and erected on the dropping hopper 16 due to its own gravity without the action of external force, thereby achieving the closure of the normally closed dropping hopper.

[0050] Since the upper end of the normally closed door 18 is hinged above the feed port 4 of the tower rotary kiln 2, the normally closed door 18 tilts and rests on the hopper 16 due to its own weight in the absence of external force, thereby closing the normally closed hopper. When material falls from the discharge end of the grate 1 onto the hopper 16, the material continuously accumulates and exerts pressure on the normally closed door 18, which opens the normally closed door 18 to a certain extent, allowing the material to quickly fall into the tower rotary kiln 2. This design has a simple structure and can automatically open the normally closed door 18 solely through the material accumulation effect. This ensures that material is fed into the tower rotary kiln 2 while also preventing oxygen in the tower rotary kiln 2 from entering the drying, pyrolysis and carbonization chamber 5. This allows for separate treatment of the waste using low-oxygen combustion and oxygen-rich combustion, thereby achieving a more environmentally friendly and energy-efficient waste treatment effect.

[0051] Example 3:

[0052] This embodiment is optimized based on the above embodiment 1.

[0053] A movable discharge plate 12 is provided in the feed channel 3, which can block the feed channel 3. The movable discharge plate 12 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the feed channel 3. An elastic reset part 19 is provided between the movable discharge plate 12 and the inner wall of the feed channel 3, which can drive the movable discharge plate 12 to block the feed channel 3.

[0054] Since the movable discharge plate 12 can open the feed channel 3 only during the discharge process, the feed channel 3 has a good sealing effect. During the operation of the equipment, only a small amount of air enters the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5. Therefore, the garbage undergoes indirect pyrolysis carbonization in the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5 with little oxygen, which controls the dioxin generation environment to the greatest extent and reduces the generation of pollutants.

[0055] Example 4:

[0056] This embodiment is optimized based on the above embodiment 3.

[0057] In order to achieve a better feeding state, the gravity of the garbage is fully utilized to drive the movable discharge plate 12, and the feeding channel 3 is a vertical feeding channel 3.

[0058] Example 5:

[0059] This embodiment is optimized based on the above embodiment 3.

[0060] In order to better reduce the amount of air entering during the discharge process, a plurality of movable discharge plates 12 are provided in the feed channel 3 .

[0061] Example 6:

[0062] This embodiment is optimized based on the above embodiment 3.

[0063] In order to better feed the materials, a feed hopper 14 is provided at the upper end of the feed channel 3 .

[0064] Example 7:

[0065] This embodiment is optimized based on the above embodiment 3.

[0066] In order to weigh the amount of incoming garbage and facilitate statistics of the garbage processing volume, a weighing sensor is provided on the uppermost movable discharge plate 12.

[0067] Example 8:

[0068] This embodiment is optimized based on the above embodiment 2.

[0069] In order to adapt to the high temperature environment in the furnace, the normally closed door 18 is made of high temperature resistant metal material.

[0070] Example 9:

[0071] This embodiment is optimized based on the above embodiment 1.

[0072] In order to facilitate the discharge of combustible gas in the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5, the inner top wall of the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5 gradually tilts upward along the feeding direction of the grate 1 to form an inclined inner top wall 20, and the combustible gas discharge port 7 is located at the upper end of the inclined inner top wall 20.

[0073] Example 10:

[0074] This embodiment is optimized based on the above embodiment 1.

[0075] To achieve a more compact equipment structure and minimize energy losses caused by gas transmission, the tower rotary kiln 2 is a vertical coke incineration and gasification rotary kiln. The carbon slag from the waste burned in the vertical coke incineration and gasification rotary kiln is discharged through the bottom of the rotary kiln. The feed channel 3, drying and pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5, secondary combustion chamber 8, and the combustion chamber of the tower rotary kiln 2 are all integrated into the same housing 17. An insulation layer can be provided on the outside of the housing 17 to further reduce energy losses.

[0076] This equipment has a reasonable design, compact structure and low manufacturing cost. It integrates a garbage feeding channel 3, a garbage drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5, a coke incineration gasification vertical rotary furnace and a secondary combustion chamber 8. The garbage equipment processing workshop occupies a small area. For example, 200 square meters is enough for processing 50 tons of domestic garbage per day.

[0077] Each system in this equipment utilizes intelligent control, and the entire operation process is monitored and displayed on a large screen, demonstrating a high degree of automation. The equipment's operation requires minimal calorific value for the waste; it can operate normally with a calorific value of 600 kcal, meeting the requirements for low-calorific-value waste treatment. During normal operation, the equipment significantly reduces the use of external heat sources and fully utilizes the equipment's own energy recovery and reuse, significantly reducing operating costs. This meets the requirements for low-cost operation, low energy consumption, energy conservation, and environmental protection, thereby creating greater economic benefits.

[0078] The garbage treatment process when this equipment is used is as follows: domestic garbage is measured at the factory, aerobically fermented in the shredding storage pool, and the material is grabbed by the grabber. At the same time, the tower rotary kiln 2 is started to preheat the entire equipment for about five hours, until the temperature in the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber 5 reaches about 550°C. The garbage is fed into the discharge grate 1 through the feed channel 3, and the equipment starts to process the garbage.

[0079] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification treatment device, characterized by: The invention comprises a drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber, a tower rotary kiln and a secondary combustion chamber, wherein the secondary combustion chamber is located above the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber, a heat storage material is arranged in the secondary combustion chamber, a grate is arranged in or below the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber, a feeding channel is arranged above the feeding end of the grate, a normally closed dropping hopper is arranged between the discharging end of the grate and the feeding port of the tower rotary kiln, and the normally closed dropping hopper opens under the pressure of the accumulated materials so that the materials can fall into the tower rotary kiln; The drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber has a combustible gas exhaust port, and an upwardly extending high-temperature gas channel is provided between the tower rotary kiln and the secondary combustion chamber. The gas inlet end of the secondary combustion chamber is a gas mixing zone, and the gas mixing zone is connected to an oxygen supply channel. The combustible gas exhaust port and the high-temperature gas channel are both connected to the gas mixing zone; A hot air duct is provided in the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber, the hot air duct is located above the grate, the exhaust port of the secondary combustion chamber is connected to the air inlet end of the hot air duct, and the exhaust end of the hot air duct is connected to an external exhaust gas purification system; The normally closed hopper includes a hopper and a normally closed door. The hopper extends downwardly and obliquely toward the inside of the tower rotary furnace. The upper end of the normally closed door is hinged above the feeding port of the tower rotary furnace. The normally closed door is tilted and placed on the hopper due to its own gravity without external force, thereby closing the normally closed hopper. A movable discharge plate is provided in the feed channel, which can block the feed channel. The movable discharge plate is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the feed channel. An elastic reset part is provided between the movable discharge plate and the inner wall of the feed channel, which can drive the movable discharge plate to block the feed channel.

2. The domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed channel is a vertical feed channel.

3. The domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of movable discharge plates are arranged in the feed channel.

4. The domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A feeding hopper is provided at the upper end of the feeding channel.

5. The domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A weighing sensor is provided on the uppermost movable unloading plate.

6. The domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The normally closed door is made of high-temperature resistant metal material.

7. The domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner top wall of the drying pyrolysis carbonization chamber gradually tilts upward along the feeding direction of the grate to form an inclined inner top wall, and the combustible gas discharge port is located at the upper end of the inclined inner top wall.

8. The domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tower rotary kiln is a coke incineration and gasification vertical rotary kiln, and the feed channel, drying pyrolysis and carbonization chamber, secondary combustion chamber and combustion chamber of the tower rotary kiln are all integrated in the same shell.

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