Energy storage battery protection system

Abstract

The present invention discloses an energy storage battery protection system, including an energy storage module, a power-off module and a glass-breaking module, wherein the power-off module and the glass-breaking module are both connected to the energy storage module, and a thermal runaway sensor is provided on the energy storage module. The thermal runaway data information of the energy storage module is obtained in real time through the thermal runaway sensor, and the thermal runaway data information of the energy storage module is compared with the thermal runaway thresholds of the power-off module and the glass-breaking module respectively, and the power-off module is activated to cut off the power and / or the glass-breaking module is activated to break the glass according to the comparison results. The present invention can effectively control the temperature rise of the energy storage module, and when the energy storage module has a thermal runaway such as a short circuit, the output cable of the corresponding energy storage module can be instantly cut off or the glass can be broken by cooling and isolating the energy storage module with water, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the entire system to a great extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of emergency protection, and in particular to an energy storage battery protection system. Background Art

[0002] Renewable energy sources like solar and wind are susceptible to external factors like weather, resulting in random and volatile power generation, which is detrimental to the stable operation of the power grid. To maintain stable grid operation, the primary response currently employed is wind (solar) curtailment. However, high levels of wind (solar) curtailment waste energy and limit the penetration of renewable energy, hindering the development of clean energy. Grid-connected energy storage systems, combined with charging and discharging to support renewable energy generation, can effectively smooth the power generation curve, thereby achieving a rational allocation of renewable energy.

[0003] Energy storage power stations can output power as a power source or absorb power as a load under different grid operating conditions. Similar to the self-consumption of renewable energy, the grid can use energy storage devices to discharge during peak load periods and charge during low load periods, thereby improving load characteristics and participating in system peak regulation. In addition, energy storage systems balance the peaks and valleys of the grid, which can significantly reduce unnecessary generator installation and reduce fixed investment in power generation facilities. For small and medium-sized enterprises, building safe and reliable energy storage power stations can directly reduce corporate electricity costs. Large users engage in peak-valley price arbitrage. Peak-valley price arbitrage involves purchasing cheap electricity during periods of low electricity prices or system marginal costs and using or selling it during periods of high electricity prices or when supply exceeds demand. The returns from peak-valley price arbitrage largely depend on the price difference between peak and valley electricity.

[0004] Utilizing chemical energy sources such as batteries for grid-connected energy storage facilitates the rational utilization and allocation of energy at the power generation end of the grid. This can effectively mitigate the environmental impact of wind and solar power generation. Furthermore, the use of power storage can rationally allocate power generation infrastructure and reduce unnecessary investment.

[0005] Lithium-ion batteries offer numerous advantages for energy storage, such as high energy density. However, they also possess the properties of energetic materials. Flaws in materials, processes, and management can all lead to thermal runaway, triggering chain reactions and potentially causing major fires and explosions. Some energy storage stations utilize batteries from retired new energy vehicles for energy storage, which carries a higher risk of thermal runaway.

[0006] While battery energy storage technology is relatively mature, a major factor limiting its widespread adoption is the stability and safety of the batteries. Lithium batteries inherently carry the risk of thermal runaway due to their principles and processes. Furthermore, energy storage batteries are currently primarily recycled from new energy vehicle power batteries, which presents even greater safety risks.

[0007] To safely and reliably use lithium batteries for energy storage, the current technical routes are: first, to use a tiered grading system to screen battery modules with better quality and eliminate those with poor quality; second, to research sensor technology to ensure early warning of battery thermal runaway during use. However, the above technical routes are mainly active prevention and control. Due to the uncertainty of the battery's own thermal runaway, it is impossible to 100% avoid thermal runaway problems in the battery. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an energy storage battery protection system to solve the technical problem of how to ensure the stability and safety of energy storage batteries.

[0009] The objective of the present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions: an energy storage battery protection system, comprising an energy storage module, a power-off module and a glass-breaking module, wherein the power-off module and the glass-breaking module are both connected to the energy storage module, and a thermal runaway sensor is provided on the energy storage module, which obtains the thermal runaway data information of the energy storage module in real time through the thermal runaway sensor, and compares the thermal runaway data information of the energy storage module with the thermal runaway thresholds of the power-off module and the glass-breaking module respectively, and according to the comparison results, the power-off module is activated to cut off the power and / or the glass-breaking module is activated to break the glass.

[0010] Furthermore, the energy storage battery protection system also includes a pick-and-place module, which includes a manipulator that can move in any direction. The manipulator can take out the energy storage module in thermal runaway and place it in a safe location.

[0011] Furthermore, the energy storage module includes an energy storage tank, which is filled with a liquid that can cool or extinguish fire. A plurality of battery compartments are provided below the liquid level, and each battery compartment is provided with an energy storage battery.

[0012] Furthermore, the power-off module includes a heat source starting device, which is arranged between the main cable and the energy storage battery output cable.

[0013] Furthermore, the battery compartment is provided with sealed tempered glass, and the energy storage battery is arranged in the sealed tempered glass.

[0014] Furthermore, the glass breaking module includes a glass breaker, and the glass breaker is arranged on the tempered glass of the battery compartment.

[0015] Furthermore, the thermal runaway sensor includes one or more of a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor or a light sensor. The thermal runaway sensor is arranged on the energy storage battery, and a breakpoint sensor is arranged between the thermal runaway sensor, the heat source starting device and the glass breaker.

[0016] Furthermore, a first breakpoint sensor is arranged between the thermal runaway sensor and the glass breaker, and a glass breaking threshold is set on the first breakpoint sensor; a second breakpoint sensor is arranged between the thermal runaway sensor and the heat source starting device, and a power-off threshold is set on the second breakpoint sensor.

[0017] Furthermore, the glass breakage threshold is greater than the power failure threshold.

[0018] Furthermore, there is a gap between the inner wall of the battery compartment and the energy storage battery, which facilitates the injection of liquid that can cool or extinguish fire.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the energy storage batteries are sealed in the battery compartments, and the battery compartments are arranged in groups below the liquid level of the energy storage tank. A water bath method is used to effectively control the temperature rise of the energy storage batteries; a heat source starting device is used, and when the energy storage battery suffers thermal runaway such as a short circuit, the output cable of the corresponding energy storage battery can be instantly cut off, thereby achieving active power off and separation, thereby ensuring the safety of the entire system; a glass breaker is provided, and when the energy storage battery suffers thermal runaway and combustion, the glass breaker can shatter the tempered glass of the battery compartment within 1 second, allowing the liquid in the energy storage tank to quickly enter the battery compartment, thereby cooling and isolating the burning energy storage battery; a manipulator that can move in any direction is also provided on the outside of the energy storage tank, and the manipulator can lift the faulty energy storage battery out of the energy storage tank and place it in a safe area, and then replenish it with a new energy storage battery, thereby ensuring the safety of the entire system and, at the same time, ensuring the stability of the system to a great extent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. The drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a system block diagram of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the battery compartment structure;

[0024] In the figure, 1- slide rail, 2- manipulator, 3- thermal runaway sensor, 4- main cable, 5- first connecting cable, 6- second connecting cable, 7- breaker, 8- battery compartment, 9- glass breaker, 10- tempered glass, 11- energy storage battery, 12- energy storage cell, 13- first breakpoint sensor, 14- second breakpoint sensor, 15- isolation cabin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0026] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1:

[0028] See Figure 1-3 A storage battery protection system includes an energy storage module, a power-off module, and a glass-breaking module. The power-off module and the glass-breaking module are both connected to the energy storage module. The energy storage module is provided with a thermal runaway sensor 3. The thermal runaway data information of the energy storage module is obtained in real time through the thermal runaway sensor 3. The thermal runaway data information of the energy storage module is compared with the thermal runaway thresholds of the power-off module and the glass-breaking module respectively. According to the comparison results, the power-off module is activated to cut off the power and / or the glass-breaking module is activated to break the glass.

[0029] In the present embodiment, the energy storage battery protection system further includes a pick-and-place module, which includes a manipulator 2 that can move forward, backward, and upward and downward. The manipulator 2 is arranged on a slide rail 1 arranged parallel to the top of the energy storage module. The manipulator 2 can move forward and backward along the slide rail 1 to the energy storage module that needs to be taken or placed, and move up and down to remove the energy storage module. The energy storage module with thermal runaway can be removed and placed in the isolation cabin 15 through the structure of the manipulator 2 and the slide rail 1, and the energy storage module with thermal runaway can be transported to a safe location by the isolation cabin 15. It can be understood that in order to facilitate the rapid removal of the energy storage module with thermal runaway, the manipulator 2 or the slide rail 1 can be set in any direction. In the present embodiment, the manipulator 2 and the slide rail 1 are set above the energy storage module only to facilitate a better understanding of the technical solution of the present application. Therefore, the present application does not limit the setting position of the manipulator 2 and the slide rail 2.

[0030] In this embodiment, the energy storage module includes an energy storage tank 12 filled with a liquid capable of cooling or extinguishing fires. Below the liquid's surface, multiple battery compartments 8 are located. Each battery compartment 8 is independent and contains an energy storage battery 11. Preferably, the cooling or extinguishing liquid is cooling water. The battery compartments 8 are arranged in a row within the energy storage tank 12, spaced apart from each other. As will be appreciated, to lower the temperature of the energy storage batteries 11, the entire battery compartment 8 containing the energy storage batteries 11 should be placed below the water surface of the energy storage tank 12.

[0031] In this embodiment, the power-off module is a breaker 7 , which includes a thermal activation device capable of receiving a thermal runaway signal. Specifically, this device can be a disconnector or cutter. The thermal activation device is positioned between the main cable 4 and the energy storage battery output cable. When the energy storage battery 11 overheats and experiences thermal runaway, the disconnector or cutter severs the output cable, ensuring the safety of the entire system. Furthermore, the output cable of the energy storage battery 11 includes a first connecting cable 5 and a second connecting cable 6 . The first connecting cable 5 is connected to the energy storage battery 11 and is positioned inside the battery compartment 8 . The second connecting cable 6 has one end connected to the first connecting cable 5 and the other end connected to the main cable 4 , and is positioned outside the battery compartment 8 . Furthermore, the breaker 7 is positioned at the junction of the main cable 4 and the second connecting cable 6 . It is understood that, to achieve the purpose of power outage, the breaker 7 can also be positioned at the junction between the first connecting cable 5 and the second connecting cable 6 . Therefore, the position of the breaker 7 can be flexibly arranged according to actual circumstances.

[0032] In this embodiment, the battery compartment 8 is provided with a sealed tempered glass 10, and the energy storage battery 11 is disposed within the sealed tempered glass 10. Furthermore, the tempered glass 10 is disposed above the entire body of the battery compartment 8, serving as the upper cover of the battery compartment 8. This ensures that when the energy storage battery 11 thermally runs away, the tempered glass 10 is shattered by the glass breaker 9, allowing water to quickly enter the battery compartment 8 and extinguish the flames. Furthermore, the tempered glass 10 and the battery compartment 8 are not integrally formed, ensuring that the glass breaker 9 can only shatter the tempered glass 10 without damaging the structure of the battery compartment 8. This design prevents the battery compartment 8 from operating safely around the thermally runaway energy storage battery 11.

[0033] In this embodiment, the glass breaking module includes a glass breaker 9, which is attached to the tempered glass 10 of the battery compartment 8. When the temperature of the energy storage battery 11 is too high and thermal runaway occurs, the tempered glass 10 of the battery compartment 8 can be shattered within 1 second by the glass breaker 9, so that the water in the energy storage tank 12 quickly enters the battery compartment 8 to cool and isolate the burning energy storage battery 11.

[0034] In this embodiment, there is a gap between the inner wall of the battery compartment 8 and the energy storage battery 11 to facilitate water injection into the battery compartment 8 .

[0035] In this embodiment, the thermal runaway sensor 3 includes one or more of a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor or a light sensor. The thermal runaway sensor 3 is attached to the energy storage battery, and a breakpoint sensor is provided between the thermal runaway sensor 3 and the heat source starting device and the glass breaker.

[0036] In this embodiment, a first breakpoint sensor 13 is disposed between the thermal runaway sensor 3 and the glass breaker 9. A glass-break threshold is set on the first breakpoint sensor 13. A second breakpoint sensor 14 is disposed between the thermal runaway sensor 3 and the circuit breaker 7. A power-off threshold is set on the second breakpoint sensor 14. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the glass-break threshold of the first breakpoint sensor 13 is set to be greater than the power-off threshold of the second breakpoint sensor 14. It will be appreciated that the glass-break threshold and power-off threshold described herein depend on the thermal runaway sensor 3 employed in actual applications. If a temperature sensor is employed, the temperature threshold is used; if a smoke sensor is employed, the smoke threshold is used. Other sensors capable of monitoring thermal runaway of the energy storage battery 11, such as light sensors, may also be employed. When the thermal runaway data monitored by the thermal runaway sensor 3 is higher than the power-off threshold but lower than the glass-breaking threshold, the breaker 7 receives the thermal runaway signal and starts to start, while the glass breaker 9 cannot start; when the thermal runaway data monitored by the thermal runaway sensor 3 is higher than the glass-breaking threshold, the breaker 7 receives the thermal runaway signal and the glass breaker 9 receives the forced water injection signal, the glass breaker 9 starts the glass breaking operation before the breaker 7, and then the breaker 7 starts the power-off operation.

[0037] In this embodiment, the energy storage battery 11 is a lithium battery. Lithium battery fire accidents can be caused by factors such as overcharging, over-discharging, overheating, and mechanical impact, which can easily lead to separator collapse and internal short circuits, resulting in thermal runaway and safety issues. Furthermore, the electrolytes currently used in lithium batteries are often flammable or combustible organic solvents, increasing the potential for fire. Traditional fire safety measures often fail to effectively prevent thermal runaway in lithium batteries, causing initial fires to spread rapidly and eventually escalate into large-scale fires. The main cause of frequent accidents in energy storage power stations is related to internal short circuits in lithium batteries. From a scientific perspective, under low-temperature, high-rate charging conditions, lithium ions accumulate at the interface between the negative electrode and the electrolyte, a phenomenon known as lithium plating. When lithium plating accumulates to a certain extent, it can form lithium dendrites (dendritic lithium metal formed by the reduction of lithium ions during charging in lithium batteries with liquid electrolytes). When lithium dendrites grow to a certain size, they can rupture the separator, causing internal short circuits in the battery and ultimately leading to accidents. When a certain temperature is reached, lithium batteries undergo a series of decomposition reactions, disrupting the battery's thermal balance. If the heat released by these chemical reactions cannot be dissipated promptly, the reactions will intensify, leading to battery combustion and explosion. Lithium battery combustion is a self-oxidation-reduction reaction that does not require oxygen from the air, making conventional fire extinguishing agents ineffective. To control thermal runaway in lithium batteries, the current best solution is to cool them with large amounts of water.

[0038] The operating principle of the present invention is as follows: when an energy storage battery 11 in a battery compartment 8 within the energy storage pool 12 overheats, the internal heat is transferred through the battery compartment 8 to the water within the energy storage pool 12, maintaining system stability. When the energy storage battery 11 in the battery compartment 8 overheats and enters thermal runaway, the circuit breaker 7 automatically disconnects the circuit. Upon receiving a thermal runaway signal from the thermal runaway sensor 3 or a forced water injection signal, the glass breaker 9 immediately activates, shattering the tempered glass 10 of the battery compartment 8 containing the thermally runaway energy storage battery 11. Water from the energy storage pool 12 then flows into the battery compartment 8 through the broken glass, submerging the thermally runaway energy storage battery 11. This achieves cooling and explosion-proofing, ensuring the safety of the system.

[0039] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the energy storage batteries 11 are sealed in the battery compartments 8, and the battery compartments 8 are arranged in groups below the water surface of the energy storage tank 12. A water bath is used to effectively control the temperature rise of the energy storage batteries 11. A circuit breaker 7 is used. When the energy storage battery 11 experiences short-circuit thermal runaway, the output cables (including the first connecting cable 5 and the second connecting cable 6) corresponding to the energy storage battery 11 can be instantly disconnected, achieving active power disconnection and ensuring the safety of the entire system. A glass breaker 9 is provided. When the energy storage battery 11 experiences thermal runaway and combustion, the glass breaker 9 can shatter the tempered glass 10 of the battery compartment 8 within one second, allowing liquid water in the energy storage tank 12 to quickly enter the battery compartment 8, cooling and isolating the burning energy storage battery 11. A manipulator 2 capable of moving in any direction is also provided outside the energy storage tank 12. The manipulator 2 can lift the faulty energy storage battery 11 out of the energy storage tank 12, place it in a safe area, and then replenish it with a new energy storage battery 11. This ensures the safety of the entire system while also greatly ensuring the stability of the system.

[0040] It should be noted that for the aforementioned embodiments, for simplicity of description, they are all expressed as a series of action combinations, but those skilled in the art should be aware that this application is not limited by the order of the actions described, because according to this application, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in this specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions involved are not necessarily required by this application.

[0041] Furthermore, the terms "connected" and "set" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "connected" or "set" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. Furthermore, the terms "connected," "set," and the like are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequential sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0042] The above embodiments describe the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be within the scope of protection of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An energy storage battery protection system, characterized in that: The system comprises an energy storage module, a power-off module and a glass-breaking module. Both the power-off module and the glass-breaking module are connected to the energy storage module. A thermal runaway sensor is provided on the energy storage module. The thermal runaway data information of the energy storage module is obtained in real time through the thermal runaway sensor. The thermal runaway data information of the energy storage module is compared with the thermal runaway thresholds of the power-off module and the glass-breaking module respectively. Based on the comparison results, the power-off module is activated to cut off the power and / or the glass-breaking module is activated to break the glass. It also includes a pick-and-place module, which includes a manipulator that can move in any direction and can remove the energy storage module in thermal runaway and place it in a safe location; The energy storage module includes an energy storage tank filled with a liquid capable of cooling or extinguishing fire, a plurality of battery compartments being provided below the liquid level, and each battery compartment being provided with an energy storage battery; The power-off module includes a heat source starting device, which is arranged between the main cable and the energy storage battery output cable; the battery compartment is provided with sealed tempered glass, and the energy storage battery is arranged in the sealed tempered glass; The glass breaking module includes a glass breaker, and the glass breaker is arranged on the tempered glass of the battery compartment.

2. The energy storage battery protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal runaway sensor includes one or more of a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor or a light sensor. The thermal runaway sensor is arranged on the energy storage battery, and a breakpoint sensor is arranged between the thermal runaway sensor, the heat source starting device and the glass breaker.

3. The energy storage battery protection system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first breakpoint sensor is provided between the thermal runaway sensor and the glass breaker, and a glass breaking threshold is provided on the first breakpoint sensor; a second breakpoint sensor is provided between the thermal runaway sensor and the heat source starting device, and a power-off threshold is provided on the second breakpoint sensor.

4. The energy storage battery protection system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The glass breakage threshold is greater than the power failure threshold.

5. The energy storage battery protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is a gap between the inner wall of the battery compartment and the energy storage battery, which is convenient for injection of liquid that can reduce temperature or extinguish fire.

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