A full-space real-time monitoring device for deformation of roadway surrounding rock

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of roadway surrounding rock deformation full space real-time monitoring device and construction technology, including roadway, optical fiber, anchoring structure, anchoring structure rubber pad, optical fiber buckle, optical fiber concrete spray layer, optical fiber monitoring system, optical fiber arrangement process.The optical fiber is arranged in the roadway left side, right side and floor along the axial level of roadway;The optical fiber is arranged in the ring direction of roadway, through the roof, left side, floor, right side of roadway to the roof ring direction of roadway, and the optical fiber is drawn from the roof along the axial direction, extend and arrange in the next roadway ring direction monitoring place, repeat the optical fiber arrangement process in the ring direction of roadway, to meet the full space strain monitoring of the ring direction of roadway, the roof of roadway.The optical fiber is arranged along the left side, right side of roadway, and it is monitored that anchoring structure and support surrounding rock deformation by surrounding anchoring structure rubber pad, the optical fiber buckle is fixed in the surface of roadway, and the optical fiber is buried in the surface of roadway by using optical fiber concrete spray layer, and the full space deformation of roadway surrounding rock is monitored in real time by optical fiber monitoring system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel surrounding rock deformation and damage monitoring, and particularly to a tunnel surrounding rock deformation real-time monitoring device and construction process. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel excavation, the stress state of the rock mass is constantly changing. Stress redistribution occurs in the surrounding rock, with increased tangential stress, decreased radial stress, and a greater principal stress difference. Shear stress within the surrounding rock increases, and when stress accumulates to a certain level, the surrounding rock will shift and deform towards the free face of the tunnel, frequently exhibiting large deformation characteristics such as roof subsidence, floor heave, and sidewall shrinkage. Furthermore, as mining operations progress, strong mine pressure manifestations occur in the mining roadways, frequently resulting in "coal bursts," severe localized roof leaks, floor heave, and even interference with mechanical equipment operation, such as belt conveyor shifting and tunneling machine displacement. The deformation and damage of the surrounding rock in mining roadways are quite severe. Moreover, for roadways with long service lives and complex geological conditions, real-time and comprehensive monitoring of changes in the surrounding rock is even more necessary. Therefore, real-time and comprehensive monitoring of the deformation of the surrounding rock is of great significance for the prevention and control of roadway surrounding rock disasters.

[0003] Traditional methods for monitoring deformation of surrounding rock in tunnels involve manual measurement using steel (or leather) tape measures to obtain data differences, or the placement of convergence meters within a limited space in the tunnel. Deformation is assessed by observing changes in values ​​before and after monitoring. This process is labor-intensive, untimely, has a limited monitoring range restricting monitoring to a specific area, suffers from significant errors in manual measurement, and is susceptible to sudden hazards caused by accumulated deformation. Furthermore, traditional methods for monitoring deformation at anchorage structures such as anchor bolts and anchors utilize hydraulic force gauges. These devices have a limited monitoring range and cannot accurately reflect stress changes in the surrounding rock over a larger area. Existing fiber optic installation technology in tunnels employs a drilling method. A certain length of fiber optic cable is cut according to the drilling depth, inserted into the borehole, and then embedded in the hole for fixation. This method results in a small and discontinuous monitoring range, failing to monitor the entire tunnel space. The process is cumbersome and consumes excessive time, manpower, and resources.

[0004] This invention provides an optical fiber deployment process that embeds four optical fibers with different deployment routes into the surface of the surrounding rock of a tunnel using a concrete spraying process. By combining this fiber deployment process with existing shotcreting technology, data measured from the fiber optic heads at both ends of the tunnel can reflect the deformation of the entire tunnel space, enabling real-time monitoring of the surrounding rock deformation. This construction process is simple to implement and has a wide monitoring range. Additionally, this invention provides an anchoring structure rubber pad device with an annular groove on the back and made of a fiber optic-like material. The optical fiber is encased in the groove and surrounds the device to monitor the stress on the surrounding rock of the anchoring structure. This monitoring device expands the monitoring range of the surrounding rock stress of the anchoring structure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a real-time monitoring device and construction process for the deformation of surrounding rock in tunnels, which aims to improve existing construction processes.

[0006] The present invention provides a real-time monitoring device and construction process for the deformation of surrounding rock in a tunnel, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] The aforementioned real-time monitoring device and construction process for full-space deformation of roadway surrounding rock includes a roadway, optical fibers, anchoring structures, rubber pads for the anchoring structures, optical fiber clips, optical fiber concrete spraying layers, an optical fiber monitoring system, and an optical fiber deployment process. The optical fiber deployment process includes axial and circumferential optical fiber deployment within the roadway. Axial optical fiber deployment involves horizontally arranging the optical fibers along the roadway axis on the left and right sides and the roadway floor. Circumferential optical fiber deployment involves circumferentially arranging the optical fibers along the roadway axis, passing through the roadway roof, left side, floor, and right side, back to the roadway roof. The circumferential optical fibers are then extended axially from the roadway roof to the next circumferential monitoring point in the roadway, repeating the circumferential optical fiber deployment process to achieve full-space strain monitoring of the roadway circumferential direction and roof, while minimizing the use of optical fibers. This invention provides a rubber pad device for anchoring structures with an annular groove on the back. The device uses a rubber pad with an annular groove on the back for fixing the surrounding optical fibers. Optical fibers, arranged horizontally along the axial direction of both sides, are arranged around the groove on the back of the rubber pad. The rubber pad is installed at a 45° angle under the anchoring structure tray, ensuring the rubber pad with embedded optical fibers is tightly fitted to the roadway surface. A pre-tightening force is applied to the anchoring structure tray via anchoring rods using a fastening structure to monitor the deformation of the anchoring structure and the supporting surrounding rock. For the optical fibers arranged according to the above process within the roadway space, optical fiber clips are temporarily used to fix the fibers to the roadway surface. Then, optical fiber concrete is sprayed into the roadway surrounding rock surface to monitor changes in roadway surrounding rock stress. This invention provides a fiber optic monitoring system. The aforementioned axially and circumferentially arranged optical fibers are connected to the fiber optic monitoring system. The information acquisition module of the fiber optic monitoring system receives the data collected by the aforementioned optical fibers and uploads the real-time fiber optic monitoring data to the information analysis module. Finally, the received digital signals are converted into visualized analog signals and displayed on the information display module to show the surrounding rock deformation data.

[0008] Furthermore, the aforementioned real-time monitoring device and construction process for full-space deformation of roadway surrounding rock is characterized by the use of distributed optical fibers in the process flow. The distributed optical fiber sensor employs unique distributed optical fiber detection technology to measure or monitor the spatial distribution and time-varying information along the optical fiber transmission path. Utilizing the characteristics of light wave transmission in optical fibers, it can continuously sense and measure parameters (such as temperature, pressure, stress, and strain) along the length of the optical fiber. It possesses significant advantages such as good safety, high sensitivity, and convenient installation.

[0009] Furthermore, the aforementioned real-time monitoring device and construction process for the deformation of surrounding rock in a tunnel is characterized in that: during the tunnel excavation process, the first part of the tunnel space where the optical fibers have been arranged according to the above-mentioned optical fiber arrangement process is temporarily fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel using optical fiber clips, so as to facilitate concrete spraying at any time. During the excavation of the latter part of the tunnel, the optical fibers can be fixed to the surface of the tunnel in the first part of the tunnel for concrete spraying at any time. The arrangement process is efficient and convenient, and can monitor the deformation of the surrounding rock surface in the tunnel at any time.

[0010] Furthermore, the aforementioned real-time monitoring device and construction process for the deformation of surrounding rock in a tunnel is characterized in that: after fixing the optical fibers arranged by the above-mentioned axial horizontal arrangement process and circumferential arrangement process, a spraying machine can be used to spray a concrete spray layer on the arranged tunnel surface, and the arranged optical fibers are buried in the tunnel surface, thereby more accurately reflecting the deformation of the surrounding rock in the tunnel under the current working environment.

[0011] Furthermore, the aforementioned real-time monitoring device and construction process for full-space deformation of roadway surrounding rock is characterized by: providing a rubber pad made of hard rubber similar to optical fiber, the purpose of which is to ensure that the deformation of the rubber pad and the optical fiber are consistent, and that the rubber pad has sufficient elasticity to enclose the optical fiber within the groove of the rubber pad. Optical fibers arranged horizontally along the two sides of the roadway according to the above-described arrangement process are arranged around the groove of the rubber pad when passing through the anchoring structure. The anchoring structure rubber pad is placed at a 45° angle below the anchoring structure tray. The anchoring rod passes through the anchoring structure tray and the anchoring structure rubber pad, and prestress is applied to ensure that the anchoring structure rubber pad is tightly fitted to the roadway surrounding rock. The anchoring structure rubber pad expands the stress monitoring range of the anchoring structure surrounding rock.

[0012] Furthermore, the aforementioned real-time monitoring device and construction process for the deformation of surrounding rock in a tunnel is characterized by providing an optical fiber monitoring system. This system transmits the data from the monitoring of the tunnel circumferential optical fiber, the left side optical fiber, the right side optical fiber, and the floor optical fiber to the optical fiber monitoring information acquisition module within the system. The received data is then sent and uploaded to the optical fiber monitoring analysis module. The processed data can then be displayed in real-time on the information display module to show the stress data of the surrounding rock along each route, reflecting the overall deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock.

[0013] Furthermore, the aforementioned real-time monitoring device and construction process for full-space deformation of roadway surrounding rock is characterized by the following: the fiber optic deployment process adopted in this invention is divided into axial horizontal deployment and circumferential deployment, which can be summarized as a full-space fiber optic deployment in the roadway. This effectively expands the monitoring range, and the fiber optic monitoring is continuous without interruption. This deployment process has significant advantages such as simple installation, high safety, and the ability to reflect changes in the deformation values ​​of the surrounding rock at every point on the roadway structural surface. This process can monitor the deformation of the surrounding rock within the entire space of roadways of any shape, and its construction is convenient and simple, playing a significant role in controlling the stability of roadway surrounding rock.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0015] (1) The present invention optimizes the existing process and arranges optical fibers along with the tunnel excavation. The two processes are parallel and applicable to tunnels of various shapes such as rectangular and arched. It has high applicability, saves manpower and material resources, and improves the efficiency of tunnel construction.

[0016] (2) The present invention is easy to install. It does not require drilling holes to insert optical fibers after the tunnel is completed. The optical fibers are laid out at the same time after the tunnel is completed, which is efficient and convenient.

[0017] (3) This invention utilizes distributed optical fiber, which has significant advantages such as high sensitivity, easy installation, and safety. The two sides of the tunnel, the floor of the tunnel, and the roof of the tunnel are all covered with optical fiber, resulting in a large monitoring range, continuous and uninterrupted monitoring, and accurate measurement results.

[0018] (4) The fiber optic deployment method of the present invention can use as few fiber optic cables as possible to monitor the deformation of the surrounding rock in the entire space of the tunnel, saving resources and avoiding waste of fiber optic materials.

[0019] (5) The present invention uses a rubber pad with an annular groove on the back of the anchoring structure to monitor the stress changes of the surrounding rock around the anchoring structure over a wide range. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel structure;

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the fiber optic cable layout in the tunnel;

[0022] Figure 3 Layout diagram of optical fiber optic cable arrangement for the tunnel axis;

[0023] Figure 4 Route map for circumferential fiber optic cable layout in the tunnel;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the front of the anchoring structure rubber pad.

[0025] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the back of the anchoring structure rubber pad;

[0026] Figure 7 Top view of fiber optic clips securing the fiber optic cable;

[0027] Figure 8 Front view of fiber optic clip securing the fiber optic cable;

[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the fiber optic monitoring system.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0030] 1. Tunnel; 1-1. Left side of tunnel; 1-2. Right side of tunnel; 1-3. Tunnel floor; 1-4. Tunnel roof; 1-5. Tunnel axis; 1-6. Tunnel circumferential direction;

[0031] 2. Optical fiber; 2-1. Optical fiber on the left side of the tunnel; 2-2. Optical fiber on the right side of the tunnel; 2-3. Optical fiber on the tunnel floor; 2-4. Circumferential optical fiber in the tunnel;

[0032] 3. Fiber optic deployment process; 3-1. Axial fiber optic deployment in tunnels; 3-2. Circumferential fiber optic deployment in tunnels;

[0033] 4. Anchoring structure; 4-1. Anchor rod; 4-2. Tray; 4-3. Fastening components;

[0034] 5. Anchoring structure rubber pad; 5-1. Rubber pad; 5-2. Rubber pad groove;

[0035] 6. Fiber optic clips;

[0036] 7. Fiber optic concrete spraying layer;

[0037] 8. Fiber optic monitoring system; 8-1. Information acquisition module; 8-2. Information analysis module; 8-3. Information display module. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] A real-time monitoring device and construction process for full-space deformation of surrounding rock in a tunnel, wherein the optical fiber arrangement process includes axial optical fiber arrangement and circumferential optical fiber arrangement in the tunnel, such as... Figure 1 As shown. When the construction layout work is carried out at the working face of the tunnel, the workers will place optical fibers at appropriate locations in the tunnel according to the on-site measurement standards. The layout process is mainly divided into two parts: tunnel axial optical fiber layout 3-1 and tunnel circumferential optical fiber layout 3-2. The first part of the layout process is to horizontally arrange 3-1 along the tunnel axis. This part of the layout process involves placing tunnel left side optical fiber 2-1, tunnel right side optical fiber 2-2, and tunnel floor optical fiber 2-3 on the left side 1-1, tunnel right side 1-2, and tunnel floor 1-3, and extending the above-mentioned axially arranged optical fibers horizontally along the tunnel axis, as shown. Figure 3 As shown. The second part of the arrangement process is the circumferential fiber optic arrangement 3-2 in the tunnel. The circumferential fiber optic cable 2-4 is arranged circumferentially along the tunnel circumferential direction 1-6, passing through the tunnel roof 1-4, the left side 1-1, the tunnel floor 1-3, the right side 1-2, and back to the tunnel roof 1-4. Fiber optic cable 2 is then led out axially from the tunnel roof 1-4 and extended to the next circumferential monitoring point in the tunnel. This circumferential fiber optic cable arrangement process is repeated to meet the requirements of circumferential and full-space strain monitoring of the tunnel roof. By integrating the data returned by all the fibers in this arrangement route, the deformation data of the surrounding rock of the entire tunnel can be monitored.

[0040] The optical fibers from both sides of the roadway passing through the anchoring structure are arranged around the groove 5-2 on the back of the rubber pad 5 of the anchoring structure, with the optical fibers wrapped inside the groove. The rubber pad 5 of the anchoring structure is placed at a 45° angle below the anchoring structure tray 4-2. The anchoring rod 4-1 passes through the tray 4-2 and the rubber pad 5 of the anchoring structure. Then, prestress is applied to ensure that the rubber pad 5 of the anchoring structure fits tightly against the surrounding rock of the roadway. Figure 5 As shown. When the optical fiber surrounds the groove of the anchoring structure rubber pad 5 with the annular groove on the back, it can then be arranged axially and horizontally at the outlet according to the original arrangement route of the two optical fibers, as shown. Figure 6 As shown. At this time, the monitoring range of the surrounding rock stress of the anchoring structure is expanded by using the anchoring structure rubber pad device, which is convenient and efficient to implement.

[0041] During tunnel excavation, the optical fibers arranged according to their respective routes can be secured using optical fiber clips (6). Figure 7 , Figure 8As shown. Following this, the fiber optic concrete spraying and embedding construction process is carried out, spraying fiber optic concrete layers 7 along the axial and circumferential surfaces of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, embedding the arranged optical fibers in the tunnel wall. This eliminates the need to spray fiber optic concrete layers onto the anchoring structure rubber pad 5 surrounding rock deformation monitoring device. This invention has the advantage that the optical fibers are deployed simultaneously with the tunnel excavation. The deployed optical fibers are placed within the surrounding rock of the tunnel, thus more accurately reflecting the deformation of the surrounding rock in the current working environment.

[0042] This invention provides an optical fiber monitoring system 8. Workers connect the pre-arranged circumferential optical fiber 2-4, left side optical fiber 2-1, right side optical fiber 2-2, and floor optical fiber 2-3 of the roadway to the optical fiber monitoring system 8. The optical fiber monitoring information acquisition module 8-1 receives the optical fiber monitoring data from the routes and sends the received data to the optical fiber monitoring information analysis module 8-2, which converts the measured digital signals into visual analog signals. Simultaneously, the optical fiber monitoring information display module 8-3 displays the strain monitoring data for each route in real time, reflecting the deformation of the surrounding rock in the roadway.

[0043] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring device for deformation of surrounding rock in a tunnel, characterized in that... include: Roadway (1), left side of roadway (1-1), right side of roadway (1-2), floor of roadway (1-3), roof of roadway (1-4), axial direction of roadway (1-5), circumferential direction of roadway (1-6); Optical fiber (2), the optical fiber (2) includes left side optical fiber (2-1), right side optical fiber (2-2), floor optical fiber (2-3), and circumferential optical fiber (2-4); optical fiber arrangement process (3), axial optical fiber arrangement (3-1), and circumferential optical fiber arrangement (3-2); Anchoring structure (4), the anchoring structure (4) includes anchor rod (4-1), tray (4-2), and fastening component (4-3); Anchoring structure rubber pad (5), the anchoring structure rubber pad (5) includes rubber pad (5-1) and rubber pad groove (5-2); Fiber optic clip (6); Fiber optic concrete spraying (7); The fiber optic monitoring system (8) includes an information acquisition module (8-1), an information analysis module (8-2), and an information display module (8-3); the fiber optic cables (2-1) on the left side of the roadway, the fiber optic cables (2-2) on the right side of the roadway, and the fiber optic cables (2-3) on the floor of the roadway are arranged horizontally along the roadway axis on the left side (1-1), the right side (1-2), and the floor (1-3). The circumferential fiber optic cable (2-4) is arranged circumferentially along the roadway, passing through the roadway roof (1-4), the left side of the roadway (1-1), the roadway floor (1-3), the right side of the roadway (1-2) and back to the roadway roof (1-4). The fiber optic cable is then led out axially from the roadway roof (1-4) and extended to the next circumferential monitoring point in the roadway. This repeats the circumferential fiber optic cable arrangement (3-2). The anchoring structure rubber pad (5) has an annular rubber pad groove (5-2) on the back for fixing the surrounding optical fiber, and the rubber pad is a hard rubber with sufficient elasticity and similar to optical fiber material. The optical fiber (2) is arranged around the groove (5-2) of the rubber pad of the anchoring structure rubber pad (5). The anchoring structure rubber pad (5) is installed at 45° below the tray (4-2), so that the anchoring structure rubber pad (5) with the optical fiber (2) embedded on the back is tightly attached to the surface of the tunnel. The fastening member (4-3) applies a pre-tightening force to the tray (4-2) through the anchor rod (4-1). When the optical fiber is wrapped around the groove (5-2) of the rubber pad once, it is then arranged horizontally along the original route at the outlet according to the two sides of the optical fiber. The rubber pad is square, and the groove of the rubber pad is also square. Each side of the groove of the rubber pad is close to the edge of the rubber pad. The outlet of the groove of the rubber pad is opened at one corner of the rubber pad. During construction, the corner with the outlet is in the direction close to the arrangement of the two optical fibers. The perpendicular line of the anchoring structure rubber pad (5) is perpendicular to the perpendicular line of the tray (4-2).

2. The real-time monitoring device for deformation of surrounding rock in a tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber optic clip (6) fixes the fiber optic cable (2) to the surface of the tunnel, and the fiber optic concrete spray layer (7) is used to spray and embed the fiber optic cable (2) into the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

3. The real-time monitoring device for deformation of surrounding rock in a tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical fiber (2-1) on the left side of the roadway, the optical fiber (2-2) on the right side of the roadway, the optical fiber (2-3) on the floor of the roadway, and the optical fiber (2-4) in the circumferential direction of the roadway are connected to the optical fiber monitoring system (8). In the optical fiber monitoring system (8), the information acquisition module (8-1) receives optical fiber data, the information analysis module (8-2) analyzes the acquired optical fiber data, and the information display module (8-3) displays the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway in real time.

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