Hydraulic breaking hammer and construction machine

Abstract

The present application relates to a breaking hammer, and discloses a hydraulic breaking hammer and engineering machinery, the hydraulic breaking hammer comprises a hammer body, a direction control valve, a pilot proportional pressure control valve, an oil inlet and an oil return port, a middle cylinder cavity for mounting a piston rod is arranged in the hammer body, the middle cylinder cavity comprises an upper cavity and a lower cavity arranged in sequence from top to bottom, the upper cavity is connected with the oil inlet through the direction control valve, the lower cavity is connected with the oil inlet, the pilot proportional pressure control valve is installed on an oil circuit between the direction control valve and the oil return port, so that the oil return pressure of the upper cavity can be controlled. The hydraulic breaking hammer can automatically adjust the striking frequency of the breaking hammer, improve the breaking efficiency and save energy consumption.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a breaking hammer, in particular to a hydraulic breaking hammer. Furthermore, the present application also relates to an engineering machine with the hydraulic breaking hammer. BACKGROUND

[0002] The hydraulic breaking hammer is a device which converts hydraulic energy into mechanical striking kinetic energy during movement, so that the piston rod pushes the drill rod to perform breaking work. As a breaking tool, it has the characteristics of low noise, superior breaking performance, energy saving and environmental protection, etc.

[0003] The hydraulic breaking hammer is generally installed on an excavator and works by using the hydraulic energy provided by the excavator. The working efficiency of the breaking hammer depends on the kinetic energy and frequency of the drill rod impacting objects. Under the condition that the pressure and flow rate are determined, the striking force is inversely proportional to the striking frequency. For the traditional hydraulic breaking hammer, the adjustment of the striking frequency must be completed by manually adjusting the back pressure of the breaking hammer.

[0004] The adjustment of the striking frequency of the traditional breaking hammer is generally achieved by adjusting the valve regulator on the cylinder body of the breaking hammer, manually adjusting the throttling area of the back pressure valve, thereby controlling the back pressure of the breaking hammer and changing the breaking striking frequency.

[0005] Due to the large difference in hardness of different stones, the striking frequency of the breaking hammer needs to be manually adjusted frequently under different breaking conditions to improve the striking force of the breaking hammer. When hard stones are encountered, it often takes several times of judgment and manual adjustment to select the appropriate striking frequency and striking speed, thereby affecting the working efficiency. SUMMARY

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a hydraulic breaking hammer which can automatically adjust the striking frequency of the breaking hammer, improve the breaking efficiency and save energy consumption.

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide an engineering machine, the hydraulic breaking hammer of which can automatically adjust the striking frequency of the breaking hammer, improve the breaking efficiency and save energy consumption.

[0008] To solve the above technical problem, the present application provides a hydraulic breaking hammer, which comprises a hammer body, a direction control valve, a pilot proportional pressure control valve, an oil inlet and an oil return port. A middle cylinder cavity for installing a piston rod is arranged in the hammer body. The middle cylinder cavity comprises an upper cavity and a lower cavity arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The upper cavity is connected with the oil inlet through the direction control valve, and the lower cavity is connected with the oil inlet. The pilot proportional pressure control valve is installed on the oil path between the direction control valve and the oil return port, so as to control the back pressure of the upper cavity.

[0009] Optionally, the middle cylinder cavity further comprises a first middle cavity between the upper cavity and the lower cavity, and the control cavity at one end of the directional control valve is connected with the first middle cavity, and the control cavity at the other end is connected with the oil inlet.

[0010] Further, the middle cylinder cavity further comprises a second middle cavity connected with the oil return port, and the upper cavity, the second middle cavity, the first middle cavity and the lower cavity are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.

[0011] Optionally, a high-pressure accumulator is further arranged on the oil path between the directional control valve and the oil inlet.

[0012] Optionally, the pilot proportional pressure control valve is a pilot proportional overflow valve.

[0013] Further, the overflow pressure of the pilot proportional overflow valve is inversely proportional to the blow frequency of the hydraulic breaking hammer.

[0014] Optionally, a drill rod is arranged at the lower end of the piston rod.

[0015] Optionally, a control oil port for controlling the pilot pressure is arranged on the pilot proportional pressure control valve.

[0016] Optionally, the oil pressure acting area of the upper cavity is larger than the oil pressure acting area of the lower cavity.

[0017] Optionally, a nitrogen chamber is arranged on the hammer body, and the upper end of the piston rod is arranged in the nitrogen chamber.

[0018] Another aspect of the present application provides an engineering machine provided with the hydraulic breaking hammer according to any one of the above technical solutions.

[0019] Through the above technical solutions, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The present application arranges a pilot proportional pressure control valve on the oil return path, so as to adjust the oil return pressure of the upper cavity according to the breaking working condition, to realize the control and adjustment of the blow frequency of the hydraulic breaking hammer, effectively improve the working efficiency, and reduce the energy waste.

[0021] Other features and advantages of the present application will be described in detail in the following specific embodiment part. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present application, and constitute a part of the specification, and are used together with the following specific embodiments to explain the present application, but do not constitute a limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 is a hydraulic principle diagram of the hydraulic breaking hammer in the embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the hydraulic breaking hammer in the embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 is a relationship diagram of the pilot pressure and the overflow pressure in the embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 is a relationship diagram of the overflow pressure and the breaking hammer striking frequency in the embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Explanation of reference signs

[0028] 1 hammer body 11 upper cavity

[0029] 12 lower cavity 13 first middle cavity

[0030] 14 second middle cavity 2 directional control valve

[0031] 3 pilot proportional pressure control valve 4 piston rod

[0032] 5 high-pressure accumulator 6 drill rod

[0033] 7 nitrogen chamber P oil inlet

[0034] T oil return K control oil port Embodiment

[0035] The specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments described below.

[0036] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "arrange", "mount", "connect" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or it can be integrally connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0037] In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only used for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features, therefore, the features limited by "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0038] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation terms are based on the orientation of the hydraulic breaking hammer itself, for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, the terms "up, down" refer to the up-down direction of the hydraulic breaking hammer, for example, referring to Figure 1 , the piston rod 4 is located above, and relatively, the drill rod 6 is located below; the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0039] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the present application provides a hydraulic breaking hammer, comprising a hammer body 1, a direction control valve 2, a pilot proportional pressure control valve 3, an oil inlet P and an oil return port T, the hammer body 1 is provided with a middle cylinder cavity, a piston rod 4 is installed in the middle cylinder cavity, the middle cylinder cavity comprises an upper cavity 11 and a lower cavity 12 arranged in sequence from top to bottom, the upper cavity 11 is connected with the oil inlet P through the direction control valve 2, the lower cavity 12 is connected with the oil inlet P, the pilot proportional pressure control valve 3 is installed on the oil path between the direction control valve 2 and the oil return port T, so as to control the oil return pressure of the upper cavity 11.

[0040] Generally, the drill rod 6 is installed at the lower end of the piston rod 4 to perform breaking work.

[0041] In the initial state, the piston rod 4 is located at the lowermost position; hydraulic oil enters the lower cavity 12 from the oil inlet P, the piston rod 4 is subjected to the high pressure of the lower cavity 12 and starts to move upward, at the same time, the direction control valve 2 is controlled to make the upper cavity 11 conduct through the direction control valve 2 with the oil return port T, the pilot proportional pressure control valve 3 is arranged between the direction control valve 2 and the oil return port T, and the hydraulic oil in the upper cavity 11 returns; when the piston rod 4 rises a certain distance, the direction control valve 2 is controlled to reverse, so that the upper cavity 11 conducts through the direction control valve 2 with the oil inlet P, and the hydraulic oil also enters the upper cavity 11 from the oil inlet P, under the high pressure of the upper cavity 11, the piston rod 4 moves downward; the above process is repeated to perform breaking work. Since the pilot proportional pressure control valve 3 is arranged between the direction control valve 2 and the oil return port T, the upper cavity 11 is determined by the set pressure of the pilot proportional pressure control valve 3, so as to control the striking frequency of the hydraulic breaking hammer, that is, through the pilot proportional pressure control valve 3, the striking frequency of the hydraulic breaking hammer can be automatically controlled, the working efficiency is effectively improved, and the energy loss is reduced. In particular, in terms of hydraulic control, the striking frequency of the hydraulic breaking hammer can be remotely adjusted according to the breaking working condition.

[0042] In a specific embodiment, the area of the upper cavity 11 subjected to oil pressure is larger than the area of the lower cavity 12 subjected to oil pressure, so that, when the upper cavity 11 is connected to the oil inlet P through the directional control valve 2, the piston rod 4 can move downward under the pressure difference between the upper cavity 11 and the lower cavity 12.

[0043] Further, the hammer body 1 can be provided with a nitrogen chamber 7, and the upper end of the piston rod 4 is installed in the nitrogen chamber 7. During the upward movement of the piston rod 4, the nitrogen in the nitrogen chamber 7 is compressed, so that the nitrogen chamber 7 stores energy; during the downward movement of the piston rod 4, the high-pressure nitrogen in the nitrogen chamber 7 can provide a downward force to the piston rod 4.

[0044] In addition, a high-pressure accumulator 5 can also be provided, specifically, the high-pressure accumulator 5 is installed on the oil path between the directional control valve 2 and the oil inlet P, and the high-pressure accumulator 5 can store the excess energy provided by the hydraulic system, and can supplement the hydraulic oil of the upper cavity 11 when the piston rod 4 moves downward.

[0045] As a specific embodiment, referring to Figure 1 , the middle cylinder cavity further comprises a first middle cavity 13, the first middle cavity 13 is located between the upper cavity 11 and the lower cavity 12, the control cavity at one end of the directional control valve 2 is connected to the first middle cavity 13, and the control cavity at the other end of the directional control valve 2 is connected to the oil inlet P. Among them, the first middle cavity 13 serves as a signal cavity. When the piston rod 4 starts to move upward, the control cavity at the other end of the directional control valve 2 is connected to the oil inlet P, so that the directional control valve 2 is in a state of connecting the upper cavity 11 to the oil return path, when the piston rod 4 moves upward to connect the first middle cavity 13 to the lower cavity 12, that is, the first middle cavity 13 is subjected to high pressure, and since the first middle cavity 13 is connected to the control cavity at one end of the directional control valve 2, the directional control valve 2 is controlled to change direction, so that the upper cavity 11 is connected to the oil inlet P through the directional control valve 2, and then the piston rod 4 starts to move downward; the control of the cyclic movement of the piston rod 4 is realized.

[0046] Further, the middle cylinder cavity further comprises a second middle cavity 14, the second middle cavity 14 is connected to the oil return port T, and the upper cavity 11, the second middle cavity 14, the first middle cavity 13 and the lower cavity 12 are arranged in order from top to bottom. The second middle cavity 14 is connected to the first middle cavity 13, so that the high-pressure oil in the first middle cavity 13 can flow back through the second middle cavity 14, thereby ensuring that the first middle cavity 13 is in a low-pressure state before the piston rod 4 moves upward to connect the first middle cavity 13 to the lower cavity 12. That is, after the piston rod 4 moves downward to disconnect the first middle cavity 13 from the lower cavity 12, the directional control valve 2 changes direction again, so that the upper cavity 11 is connected to the oil return path again through the directional control valve 2.

[0047] In specific embodiments, the pilot proportional pressure control valve 3 can be a pilot proportional relief valve, or other pilot proportional valve capable of controlling pressure. Further, a control port K can be provided on the pilot proportional pressure control valve 3 for controlling the set pressure of the pilot proportional pressure control valve 3.

[0048] Further, the control port K can provide a pilot pressure to control the relief pressure of the pilot proportional pressure control valve 3, such that the greater the pilot pressure, the greater the relief pressure, and the pilot pressure is directly proportional to the relief pressure. Figure 3 Figure 4 As the relief pressure increases, the blow frequency of the hydraulic breaking hammer gradually decreases, that is, the greater the relief pressure, the smaller the blow frequency of the hydraulic breaking hammer, and the relief pressure is inversely proportional to the blow frequency.

[0049] As a specific embodiment, the pilot proportional pressure control valve 3 can be integrated in the hydraulic breaking hammer, and specifically, referring to Figure 2 the directional control valve 2 is arranged in the hammer body 1, one port of the directional control valve 2 is connected to the upper cavity 11 in the hammer body 1, the pilot proportional pressure control valve 3 is installed on the hammer body 1, and the return port of the directional control valve 2 is connected to one port of the pilot proportional pressure control valve 3.

[0050] In order to better understand the present application, the following describes the technical features of the overall technical solution.

[0051] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the hydraulic breaking hammer of the preferred embodiment of the present application comprises a hammer body 1, a directional control valve 2, a pilot proportional pressure control valve 3, an oil inlet port P, and a return port T; a middle cylinder cavity is arranged in the hammer body 1, a piston rod 4 is installed in the middle cylinder cavity, a drill rod 6 is installed at the lower end of the piston rod 4, a nitrogen chamber 7 is arranged on the hammer body 1, the upper end of the piston rod 4 is installed in the nitrogen chamber 7, the middle cylinder cavity comprises an upper cavity 11, a second middle cavity 14, a first middle cavity 13, and a lower cavity 12 arranged in sequence from top to bottom, the upper cavity 11 is connected to the oil inlet port P through the directional control valve 2, the lower cavity 12 is connected to the oil inlet port P, the pilot proportional pressure control valve 3 is installed on the oil path between the directional control valve 2 and the return port T, and a high-pressure accumulator 5 is installed on the oil path between the directional control valve 2 and the oil inlet port P. Wherein, the directional control valve 2 can be a two-position three-way directional control valve, and the pilot proportional pressure control valve 3 can be a pilot proportional relief valve.

[0052] ​The oil inlet P is connected with the oil supply oil path of the hydraulic system of the engineering machinery, and the oil return port T is connected with the oil return oil path of the hydraulic system of the engineering machinery. In the initial state, the piston rod 4 is in the lowermost position, and when the crushing operation starts, the hydraulic oil enters the lower cavity 12 through the oil inlet P, the excess hydraulic oil flows into the high-pressure accumulator 5 for storage, and at the same time, the oil inlet P is connected with the control cavity at one end of the directional control valve 2, so that the directional control valve 2 is in a state of making the upper cavity 11 conduct through the directional control valve 2 and the pilot proportional pressure control valve 3, under the action of high pressure in the lower cavity 12, the piston rod 4 starts to move upwards, and the nitrogen in the nitrogen chamber 7 is compressed, so that the nitrogen chamber 7 is energized, and the hydraulic oil in the upper cavity 11 flows through the directional control valve 2 and the pilot proportional pressure control valve 3 to the oil return port T in turn; when the piston rod 4 moves upwards to make the lower cavity 12 conduct with the first middle cavity 13, the first middle cavity 13 is subjected to high pressure and acts on the control cavity at the other end of the directional control valve 2 through the oil path, the directional control valve 2 reverses, making the upper cavity 11 conduct through the directional control valve 2 and the oil inlet P, and the hydraulic oil starts to flow into the upper cavity 11 through the oil inlet P, at the same time, the high-pressure accumulator 5 also starts to supplement the hydraulic oil to the upper cavity 11, because the oil pressure acting area of the upper cavity 11 is larger than that of the lower cavity 12, and the downward force of the nitrogen chamber 7 on the piston rod 4, so that the piston rod 4 moves downwards and impacts the drill rod 6 to crush. When the piston rod 4 moves downwards to make the lower cavity 12 cut off the first middle cavity 13, the hydraulic oil in the first middle cavity 13 returns through the second middle cavity 14, and the directional control valve 2 reverses again, making the upper cavity 11 conduct through the directional control valve 2 and the pilot proportional pressure control valve 3 again. The above process is repeated to realize continuous crushing operation.

[0053] Because the pilot proportional pressure control valve 3 is installed on the oil return oil path between the directional control valve 2 and the oil return port T, the set pressure of the pilot proportional pressure control valve 3 can be adjusted according to the working condition, so that the impact frequency of the hydraulic breaking hammer can be remotely adjusted, the impact force can be improved, the crushing efficiency can be improved, and the energy loss can be reduced. Artificial multiple judgment and debugging are not needed, and the production efficiency is effectively improved. Moreover, the pilot proportional pressure control valve 3 can well realize matching with the impact frequency, so that the hydraulic breaking hammer has appropriate impact force and impact frequency.

[0054] Generally, the hydraulic breaking hammer of the present application needs to be installed on a specific engineering machinery, for example, as the main function of the engineering machinery such as excavator, loader and the like.

[0055] The preferred embodiments of the present application are described in detail above with reference to the drawings, but the present application is not limited to the specific details of the above-described embodiments. Various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present application within the technical concept of the present application, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0056] In addition, it should be noted that each specific technical feature described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any appropriate manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations are not described again by the present application.

[0057] In addition, various different embodiments of the present application can also be combined in any appropriate manner, as long as they do not deviate from the idea of the present application, and they should also be considered as disclosed by the present application.

Claims

1. A hydraulic breaker, characterized in that, The system includes a hammer body (1), a directional control valve (2), a pilot proportional pressure control valve (3), an oil inlet (P), an oil return port (T), and a high-pressure accumulator (5). The hammer body (1) contains a middle cylinder cavity for mounting a piston rod (4). The middle cylinder cavity includes an upper cavity (11) and a lower cavity (12) arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The upper cavity (11) is connected to the oil inlet (P) via the directional control valve (2), and the lower cavity (12) is connected to the oil inlet (P). The pilot proportional pressure control valve (3) is installed between the directional control valve (2) and the lower cavity (T). In the oil line between the return oil port (T), the return oil pressure of the upper cavity (11) can be controlled. The pilot proportional pressure control valve (3) is provided with a control oil port (K) for controlling the pilot pressure. The middle cylinder cavity also includes a first middle cavity (13) located between the upper cavity (11) and the lower cavity (12). The control cavity at one end of the directional control valve (2) is connected to the first middle cavity (13), and the control cavity at the other end is connected to the oil inlet (P). The high-pressure accumulator (5) is installed in the oil line between the directional control valve (2) and the oil inlet (P).

2. The hydraulic breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, The middle cylinder cavity also includes a second middle cavity (14) connected to the oil return port (T), and the upper cavity (11), the second middle cavity (14), the first middle cavity (13) and the lower cavity (12) are arranged sequentially from top to bottom.

3. The hydraulic breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pilot proportional pressure control valve (3) is a pilot proportional relief valve.

4. The hydraulic breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that, The overflow pressure of the pilot proportional relief valve is inversely proportional to the impact frequency of the hydraulic breaker.

5. The hydraulic breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, A chisel (6) is installed at the lower end of the piston rod (4).

6. The hydraulic breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The area of ​​the upper cavity (11) under hydraulic pressure is greater than the area of ​​the lower cavity (12) under hydraulic pressure.

7. The hydraulic breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The hammer (1) is provided with a nitrogen chamber (7), and the upper end of the piston rod (4) is installed in the nitrogen chamber (7).

8. An engineering machinery, characterized in that, It is equipped with a hydraulic breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

Images