A ring-shaped composite power generation unit, its preparation method, and wave energy power generation equipment

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of new energy power generation, and in particular to a ring-shaped composite power generation unit, its preparation method, and wave power generation equipment. The composite power generation unit includes a shell, coils, friction electrodes, friction balls, and a movable magnet. The shell contains a ring-shaped sealed cavity. The coils are spaced apart along the extension direction of the cavity. The friction electrodes are attached to the inner wall of the cavity. The friction balls are all located within the cavity, and each friction ball includes a core and a sheath layer. The sheath layer is made of a triboelectric material with opposite polarity to the friction electrodes or a different electron capture capability. The movable magnet includes a permanent magnet and a movable support. The movable support abuts against the inner wall of the cavity; the permanent magnet is fixedly connected to the movable support. This composite power generation unit can simultaneously utilize electromagnetic induction power generation and triboelectric motion power generation. This invention solves the problems of low energy conversion efficiency, low power output, short service life, and limited application scenarios of existing nano-triboelectric power generation equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy power generation, and in particular to a ring-shaped composite power generation unit, its preparation method, and wave power generation equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Triboelectric nanogenerators are a power generation technology based on the coupling of triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction. This technology can convert various forms of mechanical energy into electrical energy, and is particularly suitable for collecting low-energy-density forms of mechanical energy. Therefore, it is ideal for collecting low-frequency, disordered mechanical energy such as ocean energy, wind energy, and tidal energy. Existing triboelectric nanogenerators for harvesting wave energy have advantages such as high generating voltage, light weight, and flexible installation.

[0003] However, most existing triboelectric nanogenerators suffer from low energy conversion efficiency and low power generation per unit volume, making them difficult to promote and apply. For example, existing triboelectric nanogenerators have high conversion efficiency for the potential energy of wind and waves under uniform shaking conditions, but when the direction of wind or wave movement changes and the intensity of activity is uneven, the energy conversion efficiency of the triboelectric nanogenerators will decrease significantly.

[0004] Furthermore, existing triboelectric nanodevices that utilize waves, tides, and ocean currents to generate electricity primarily employ a "shell-sphere structure." This structure includes a shell with an inner cavity and a friction sphere located within the cavity, generating electricity through friction between the friction sphere and electrodes on the inner wall of the shell. In the production of these wave power generation devices, the shell mainly adopts a detachable, modular structure, facilitating the installation of internal components. However, products with modular structures generally have a shorter lifespan in water. This is because, during prolonged use, the seals on the shell are prone to aging and deformation; once the seals deform, the shell can no longer maintain a seal; at this point, water entering the inner cavity of the shell will cause the power generation device to lose its power generation capability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, in order to solve the problems of low energy conversion efficiency, low power generation per unit volume, short service life and limited application scenarios of existing triboelectric nanogenerators, this invention provides a ring-shaped composite power generation unit and its preparation method, as well as a wave energy power generation device.

[0006] The technical solution provided by this invention is as follows:

[0007] A ring-shaped composite power generation unit includes a housing, a coil, a friction electrode, a friction ball, and a movable magnet.

[0008] The housing contains a uniformly shaped, sealed annular cavity. The coils are cylindrical springs; there are one or more coils, spaced apart along the extension direction of the cavity within the housing. Each coil has a first electrode and a second electrode connected to its two ends.

[0009] The friction electrode is attached to the inner wall of the cavity within the housing. The shape of the friction electrode matches the shape of the cavity within the housing, and it consists of multiple electrode units arranged sequentially along the direction of the cavity's extension. Each electrode unit is close to but does not contact the others. Specifically, the electrode units located in odd-numbered positions are electrically connected to each other to form the first wall electrode; the electrode units located in even-numbered positions are electrically connected to each other to form the second wall electrode.

[0010] There are multiple friction balls; each friction ball is located inside a cavity of the shell, and the diameter of the friction ball is smaller than the longitudinal cross-section of the cavity. This allows the friction ball to slide or roll freely within the cavity. Each friction ball includes a core and a sheath layer, the sheath layer being made of a triboelectric material with polarity opposite to that of the triboelectric electrode or with a different electron trapping capability.

[0011] Therefore, when the friction ball travels through the cavity inside the shell, the friction ball and the friction electrode rub against each other, resulting in charge transfer and generating an alternating current between the first wall electrode and the second wall electrode.

[0012] The ring-shaped composite power generation unit contains one or more movable magnets. Each movable magnet includes a permanent magnet and a movable support. The movable support has multiple outwardly radiating legs, each with a universal ball bearing or universal roller at its end. The legs of the movable support abut against the inner wall of the cavity in the housing; the permanent magnet is fixedly connected to the movable support.

[0013] When the moving magnet moves through the tube, it causes changes in the magnetic flux on each coil, which in turn generates an alternating current between the first and second electrodes.

[0014] To minimize the impact of the movement between the friction ball and the movable magnet, the diameter of the friction ball needs to be appropriately set. While maximizing power generation performance, the diameter of the friction ball can be set smaller than the gap between the permanent magnet and the movable support. This allows the friction ball to pass directly through the gap and onto the other side during mutual movement, maximizing the effective power generation. Alternatively, the universal ball bearing and the support column of the movable support can be made longer, ensuring that the distance between them is greater than the diameter of the friction ball. This minimizes the impact of the movable support on the friction ball and increases power generation efficiency.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the housing adopts a detachable split structure, and the various structural components in the housing are fixedly connected by threads, snaps or other connectors; sealing material is provided at the interfaces of the various structural components of the housing, so that the internal cavity remains sealed after the housing is assembled.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the housing serves as the mounting carrier for the coil. Various assembly methods can be used between the coil and the housing, including: the coil being wound around the outside of the housing; the coil being attached to the inner wall of the cavity within the housing; or the coil being embedded in the housing and arranged around the cavity.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, when the coil is attached to the inner wall of the cavity in the housing or wound around the outside of the housing, an insulating layer is also provided on the outer layer of the coil so that the coil is located between the insulating layer and the housing. The housing and the insulating layer are made of a material with insulating properties.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, the triboelectric electrode is made of a triboelectric material with electropositive properties. The materials used to make the triboelectric electrode include metals, alloys, indium tin oxide, or conductive organic polymers. The core of the friction ball is made of stone, plastic, or other materials with high hardness and easy manufacturing, such as acrylic. The sheath layer of the friction ball is made of an insulating organic polymer with electronegativity.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, the movable support adopts a polygonal frame, and the outline of the movable support is an inscribed polygon of the cross-section of the cavity. Universal ball bearings or universal rollers are installed at the vertices of the polygonal structure of the movable support; the inner wall of the cavity contains multiple parallel tracks corresponding to the contact points of the movable support, and each parallel track is arranged along the extension direction of the cavity; the parallel tracks are recessed channels with a height lower than the inner wall of the cavity, and the universal rollers or universal ball bearings are located within the channels.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, the surface of the universal roller or universal ball is provided with a protective layer of the same material as the sheath layer of the friction ball.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, the first wall electrode and the second wall electrode in the triboelectric electrode are both integral structures, and the electrode units in the first wall electrode and the second wall electrode are arranged alternately in the unfolded state. The electrode units are arranged in any one of the following patterns: piano key pattern, sine wave pattern, square wave pattern, and triangular wave pattern.

[0022] The present invention also includes a method for preparing a toroidal composite power generation unit, which is used to manufacture the aforementioned toroidal composite power generation unit. The method for preparing the toroidal composite power generation unit includes the following steps:

[0023] S1; Select a thermoplastic organic polymer material as the thin-plate substrate for preparing the first wall electrode and the second wall electrode.

[0024] S2: Cut the thin plate substrate into a first wall electrode and a second wall electrode, and attach the first wall electrode and the second wall electrode to the inner wall of an annular cylindrical mold. Then bake the first wall electrode, the second wall electrode and the mold until the substrate softens and then cools and solidifies.

[0025] S3: After cooling and molding, the first wall electrode and the second wall electrode are obtained by demolding. The prefabricated movable magnet and friction ball are placed between the first wall electrode and the second wall electrode. When there are multiple movable magnets, they are placed at intervals.

[0026] S4: The first and second wall electrodes are clamped together using a fixture to form a ring-shaped cylindrical structure. Leads are pre-installed on both the first and second wall electrodes. In the assembled structure, the first and second wall electrodes do not contact each other; the movable magnet abuts against both the first and second wall electrodes.

[0027] S5: The shell is made of fiber filaments and thermosetting resin. The fiber filaments are rotated and wound around the outer periphery of the first and second wall electrodes, and then coated with thermosetting resin material. After the resin is heated and cured, it forms the inner shell.

[0028] S6: After the inner shell is formed, the clamps are removed, and the holes at the clamp connection are sealed with thermosetting resin. The inner cavity is then deoxygenated to obtain a circular tubular semi-finished product.

[0029] S7; Wrap multiple copper sheets in a spiral shape as coils on the circular tubular semi-finished product from the previous step; Reserve the pins of the first and second end electrodes at both ends of each coil.

[0030] S8: Continue to use fiber filaments and thermosetting resin as raw materials, and process them through the same process as in step S5 to obtain the outer shell, thereby obtaining the required annular composite power generation unit.

[0031] This invention also includes a wave energy power generation device, comprising a rectifier module and an energy storage module. The wave energy power generation device further employs multiple sets of ring-shaped composite power generation units prepared using the aforementioned method. The rectifier module includes a first rectifier unit and a second rectifier unit. The first rectifier unit is electrically connected to the first and second end electrodes of each ring-shaped composite power generation unit. The second rectifier unit is electrically connected to the first and second wall electrodes of each ring-shaped composite power generation unit. The rectifier module is used to rectify and output different types of electrical energy generated by each ring-shaped composite power generation unit. The energy storage module is used to receive and store the electrical energy output by the rectifier module.

[0032] The annular composite power generation unit, its preparation method, and wave energy power generation equipment provided by this invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0033] The annular composite power generation unit provided by this invention integrates two components—electromagnetic induction power generation and triboelectric nano-power generation—within a limited structural space. This device can collect energy contained in vibrations or other forms of mechanical motion in any direction, thereby significantly improving the energy conversion efficiency and power output of the power generation unit. In application, the product provided by this invention exhibits a significantly increased "energy density" per unit volume, making it applicable to low-energy-density renewable energy generation scenarios such as waves, tides, light winds, and road surface airflow, resulting in excellent energy harvesting and recovery effects.

[0034] This invention also provides a novel method for preparing a ring-shaped composite power generation unit. Products prepared using this method exhibit superior sealing performance and waterproofing, making them more durable and effectively extending the lifespan of the equipment when applied to wave energy power generation. The wave power generation equipment provided by this invention can be applied to various open water bodies, generating electricity using the movement of water waves without impacting the underwater ecosystem. It can also be used beneath existing "fishery-solar complementary" surface solar power stations to further improve the utilization rate of multiple energy sources within the same space. Therefore, it possesses outstanding environmental and economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a ring-shaped composite power generation unit provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the triboelectric electrode in the annular composite power generation unit of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the friction ball in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the movable magnet in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the first and second wall electrodes arranged in a sinusoidal pattern.

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the first and second wall electrodes arranged in a square wave pattern.

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the first and second wall electrodes arranged in a triangular wave pattern.

[0042] The diagram is marked as follows:

[0043] 1. Housing; 2. Friction electrode; 3. Coil; 4. Friction ball; 5. Movable magnet; 21. First wall electrode; 22. Second wall electrode; 41. Sheath layer; 42. Ball core; 51. Movable support; 52. Permanent magnet; 200. Electrode unit; 510. Universal roller. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the specification of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "or / and" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] This embodiment provides a ring-shaped composite power generation unit, such as Figure 1 As shown, the overall shape of this composite power generation unit resembles a donut. The components in the toroidal composite power generation unit include a housing 1, a coil 3, a friction electrode 2, a friction ball 4, and a movable magnet 5.

[0048] The housing 1 contains a uniformly shaped, sealed annular cavity. The coils 3 are cylindrical springs; there are one or more coils 3, spaced apart along the extension direction of the cavity in the housing 1. Each coil 3 has a first end electrode and a second end electrode connected to its two ends, respectively.

[0049] The friction electrode 2 is attached to the inner wall of the cavity in the housing 1. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the shape of the friction electrode 2 matches the shape of the cavity inside the housing 1, and it is composed of multiple electrode units 200 arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the cavity. Each electrode unit 200 is close to but does not contact each other. Among them, the electrode units 200 located in the odd-numbered positions of the friction electrode 2 are electrically connected to each other to form the first wall electrode 21; the electrode units 200 located in the even-numbered positions are electrically connected to each other to form the second wall electrode 22.

[0050] There are multiple friction balls 4; each friction ball 4 is located inside the cavity of the housing 1, and the diameter of the friction ball 4 is smaller than the longitudinal cross-section of the cavity. This allows the friction ball 4 to slide or roll freely within the cavity. Figure 3As shown, the friction ball 4 includes a core 42 and a sheath layer 41. The sheath layer 41 is made of a triboelectric material with a polarity opposite to that of the triboelectric electrode 2 or with a different electron capture capability.

[0051] The number of movable magnets 5 in the toroidal composite power generation unit is one or more. For example... Figure 4 As shown, each movable magnet 5 includes a permanent magnet 52 and a movable support 51. The movable support 51 has multiple outwardly radially distributed legs, and each leg is equipped with a universal ball bearing or universal roller 510 at its end. The legs of the movable support 51 abut against the inner wall of the cavity in the housing 1; the permanent magnet 52 is fixedly connected to the movable support 51.

[0052] The ring-shaped composite power generation unit provided in this embodiment can be placed horizontally or vertically during application. The working principle of this ring-shaped composite power generation unit is as follows: When the device is subjected to external force and shakes, due to inertia, the friction ball 4 and the movable magnet 5 inside the shell 1 will move relative to the shell 1. At this time, the friction ball 4 and the movable magnet 5 will shuttle within the cavity, and their movement will generate alternating current inside the composite power generation unit. The sources of electrical energy conversion mainly include the following two aspects:

[0053] On one hand, when the friction ball 4 moves through the cavity inside the housing 1, it rubs against the material of the friction electrode 2 attached to the inner wall of the housing 1. The sheath layer 41 on the surface of the friction ball 4 and the material of the friction electrode 2 have different negative charge binding capacities, thus charge transfer occurs during their friction. In any given state, the friction ball 4 will typically only contact one of the first wall electrode 21 and the second wall electrode 22. When the friction ball 4 moves from the first wall electrode 21 to the second wall electrode 22, the charge balance is disrupted, and a potential difference is generated between the first wall electrode 21 and the second wall electrode 22, resulting in an alternating current between them.

[0054] On the other hand, when the movable support 51 loads the permanent magnet 52 and slides freely inside the cavity of the housing 1, when the movable magnet 5 shuttles in the cavity, the movement of the permanent magnet 52 will cause the magnetic flux on each coil 3 to change, thereby generating an alternating current between the first end electrode and the second end electrode of the coil 3.

[0055] To reduce the impact of the movement between the friction ball 4 and the movable magnet 5, the diameter of the friction ball 4 needs to be set appropriately. While maximizing power generation performance, the diameter of the ball can be set smaller than the gap between the movable magnet 5 and the movable support 51. This allows the friction ball 4 to pass directly through the gap to the other side during mutual movement, thereby maximizing the effective power generation of the friction ball 4. Alternatively, the universal ball bearing 510 and the support column of the movable support 51 can be made longer to ensure that the distance between them is greater than the diameter of the friction ball 4. This way, the friction ball 4 can be less affected by the movable support 51, thus increasing the power generation efficiency.

[0056] The above analysis shows that this embodiment converts received mechanical energy into electrical energy simultaneously using both triboelectric nanogenerators and electromagnetic induction generators within a limited annular space. Therefore, the power generation density per unit volume of this composite power generation unit is far higher than that of conventional triboelectric nanogenerators; thus, it is highly suitable for widespread application.

[0057] In particular, the composite power generation unit provided in this embodiment is especially suitable for applications in wave energy power generation. As is well known, wave energy is characterized by uneven spatial and temporal energy distribution, significant spatial and temporal differences in fluid flow direction, and low energy density. Most existing turbine-type power generation devices struggle to effectively convert the mechanical energy contained in waves; however, the composite power generation unit of this embodiment can perfectly adapt to the undulating motion of waves and continuously generate electricity as the waves undulate. In practical applications, a method similar to kelp farming can be used, where a large number of annular composite power generation units are fixed with ropes, placed at intervals, and floated on the water surface. As long as the water surface fluctuates, the annular composite power generation units can operate normally and generate current.

[0058] In this embodiment, the housing 1 provides a sealed working environment for all internal components, preventing water from entering the cavity. Simultaneously, the cavity structure of housing 1 generates significant buoyancy, ensuring the entire device floats on water during application. Specifically, for ease of manufacturing, housing 1 can adopt a detachable, split structure in this embodiment. For example, the circular ring housing 1 can be divided into two stacked half-shell assemblies; the various structural components within housing 1 are fixedly connected by threads, snaps, or other connectors. In particular, to ensure the sealing of the internal cavity, sealing materials, such as rubber gaskets or silicone gaskets, are provided at the interfaces of the various structural components of housing 1. When the two half-shell assemblies are assembled, the rubber gaskets deform appropriately, completely sealing the joint between the two half-shells, ensuring that housing 1 remains sealed and water-free even when submerged in water after assembly. The reason for adopting a detachable, split structure in this embodiment is primarily to facilitate the assembly of components such as the friction electrode 2, friction ball 4, and movable magnet 5 into the cavity within housing 1. In this embodiment, after adopting a split-structure shell 1, the components of shell 1 can also be manufactured using various existing processing techniques such as blow molding and extrusion molding. Therefore, the manufacturing cost of a single component can be reduced through large-scale mass production.

[0059] In this embodiment, the housing 1 also serves as the mounting carrier for the coil 3. In fact, various assembly methods can be used between the coil 3 and the housing 1, as long as the movable magnet 5 moves along the inside of the coil 3 during its motion. Conventional methods for installing the coil 3 include three specific types: 1. Winding the coil 3 around the outside of the housing 1. 2. Attaching the coil 3 to the inner wall of the cavity within the housing 1. 3. Embedding the coil 3 into the housing 1 and arranging it around the cavity. Figure 1 The toroidal composite power generation device uses the first assembly method. Of the three assembly methods, the third is the optimal one. In this assembly state, the coil 3 is completely enclosed by the housing 1, thus preventing the coil 3 from rubbing against other components or being damaged by impact during use. However, the third assembly method is difficult to manufacture, and existing assembly methods struggle to achieve it. The manufacturing cost of the product is also correspondingly higher.

[0060] When the coil 3 is attached to the inner wall of the cavity in the housing 1 or wound around the outside of the housing 1 using the first and second methods, an insulating layer should be provided on the outer layer of the coil 3 to improve the protection of the coil 3, so that the coil 3 is located between the insulating layer and the housing 1. In this embodiment, the housing 1 and the insulating layer are made of materials with insulating properties. For example, when the coil 3 is installed on the outside of the housing 1 by winding, waterproof tape can be further wrapped around the housing 1 as an insulating layer. When the coil 3 is attached to the inner layer of the housing 1, a waterproof resin material can be further sprayed onto the inner wall of the housing 1, and the required insulating layer is obtained after the resin material cures.

[0061] In the product provided in this embodiment, the first wall electrode 21, the second wall electrode 22, and the friction ball 4 generate electricity through the principle of triboelectricity; therefore, they should be made of materials with significant electrical differences. In this embodiment, the materials of the first wall electrode 21 and the second wall electrode 22 are electropositive materials. Selectable electropositive materials include metals, alloys, indium tin oxide, and conductive organic polymers. The metals can be any one of copper, aluminum, gold, silver, platinum, nickel, titanium, chromium, and selenium. The alloys can be alloys formed from two or more of the aforementioned metal materials. The conductive organic polymers can be polypyrrole, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphthalocyanine compounds, polyaniline, and polythiophene, etc.

[0062] In this embodiment, the friction ball 4 adopts a double-layer structure, including an inner core 42 and an outer sheath layer 41. The core 42 of the friction ball 4 is made of stone, plastic, or other materials with high hardness and easy manufacturing, such as polymethyl methacrylate, which is low in cost, wear-resistant and durable, and has a high density, allowing it to generate greater compressive stress. The sheath layer 41 on the surface of the friction ball 4 is made of an electronegative insulating organic polymer material.

[0063] In fact, without affecting the final power generation efficiency, the sheath layer 41 on the surface of the friction ball 4 can also be made of the same material as the friction electrode 2. It is only necessary that the two materials have a significant difference in their ability to bind charges, so that charge transfer can occur during mutual friction.

[0064] In this embodiment, the optional materials for the sheath layer 41 of the friction ball 4 include: perfluoroethylene-propylene copolymer (FEP), polyimide (Kapton), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polydimethylsiloxane, polydiphenylpropane carbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, aniline-formaldehyde resin, polyoxymethylene, ethyl cellulose, polyamide, melamine-formaldehyde, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethylene adipate, diallyl phthalate, recycled fiber sponge, polyurethane elastomer, and styrene-propylene copolymer. Styrene-butadiene copolymer, synthetic fibers, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutylene, polyurethane flexible sponge, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, phenolic resin, chloroprene rubber, butadiene-propylene copolymer, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpropene carbonate, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, liquid crystal polymer, polychloroprene, polyacrylonitrile, polybisphenol carbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and pyrene, etc.

[0065] In practical applications, the friction electrode 2 and the friction ball 4 should be comprehensively considered in light of multiple factors such as the wear resistance, anti-aging properties and cost of different materials, so as to select the best material.

[0066] The purpose of the movable support 51 is to support the permanent magnet 52 and drive the permanent magnet 52 to move freely inside the cavity. The movable support 51 is equivalent to the carrier of the permanent magnet 52. Figure 4 One specific structural form of the support has been given. In fact, as long as the technical effect of free movement within the cavity can be achieved, the movable support 51 can adopt any structural form. For example, in other embodiments, the movable support 51 adopts a polygonal frame, and the outline of the movable support 51 is an inscribed polygon of the cavity cross section. Then, universal ball bearings or universal rollers 510 are installed at the vertices of the polygonal structure of the movable support 51.

[0067] Furthermore, to facilitate smoother movement of the movable support 51, in other embodiments, multiple annular grooves can be formed in the inner wall of the cavity along its extension direction. Then, the universal rollers 510 or universal ball bearings are inserted into these annular grooves, which serve as parallel tracks for the movable support 51's movement. Using these parallel tracks ensures that the movable magnet 5 can only slide along the cavity's extension direction, preventing ineffective flipping relative to this direction, thus further improving the overall power generation efficiency of the annular composite power generation unit.

[0068] In particular, in other improved embodiments, the surface of the omnidirectional roller 510 or omnidirectional ball may also be provided with a protective layer of the same material as the sheath layer 41 of the friction ball 4. This allows the movable support 51 and the permanent magnet 52 to generate electricity through friction, in addition to electromagnetic generation, during movement, just like the friction ball 4.

[0069] In this embodiment, a structural layout of the friction electrode 2 has already been described above. The first wall electrode 21 and the second wall electrode 22 in the friction electrode 2 should be designed to allow the electrode units 200 to be arranged in an alternating pattern in their unfolded state. This way, when the friction ball 4 slides along the friction electrode 2, it will continuously switch between the two friction electrodes 2, thereby generating an alternating current. Therefore, besides the structural design of this embodiment, in other embodiments, the friction electrode 2 can also adopt various other structural forms. For example, the first wall electrode 21 and the second wall electrode 22 can adopt a piano key layout, or adopt a... Figure 5 The sine wave layout, such as Figure 6 The square wave layout, such as Figure 7 The triangular wave layout, etc.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a ring-shaped composite power generation unit, which is used to manufacture the ring-shaped composite power generation unit product in Embodiment 1. In particular, the manufacturing process of this embodiment does not employ a traditional parts assembly process; the shell 1 is machined using an integral molding method.

[0072] Therefore, the product manufactured in this embodiment has higher waterproof and airtightness, and the annular composite power generation unit can be used underwater for extended periods without water ingress or deformation. The internal components employ a vacuum design, allowing for prolonged use without oxidation. These features enable the product to be better applied in wave energy power generation scenarios and significantly extend its actual service life.

[0073] In this embodiment, the preparation method of the annular composite power generation unit includes the following steps:

[0074] S1; A thermoplastic organic polymer material is selected as the thin-plate substrate for preparing the first wall electrode 21 and the second wall electrode 22. In this embodiment, a conductive PPS resin material with added carbon fibers is used as the thin-plate substrate for manufacturing the first wall electrode 21 and the second wall electrode 22.

[0075] S2: Cut the thin plate substrate into a first wall electrode 21 and a second wall electrode 22, and attach the first wall electrode 21 and the second wall electrode 22 to the inner wall of an annular cylindrical mold. Then bake the first wall electrode 21, the second wall electrode 22 and the mold until the substrate softens and then cools and solidifies.

[0076] PPS resin is a thermoplastic resin. In this embodiment, the substrate is molded using a mold. After cooling and demolding, the first wall electrode 21 and the second wall electrode 22 form a three-dimensional model assembly with an annular tubular structure when combined.

[0077] S3: After cooling and molding, the first wall electrode 21 and the second wall electrode 22 are obtained by demolding. The prefabricated movable magnet 5 and friction ball 4 are placed between the first wall electrode 21 and the second wall electrode 22. When there are multiple movable magnets 5, they are placed at intervals.

[0078] The first wall electrode 21 and the second wall electrode 22 form the framework for the subsequent fabrication of the annular tubular shell 1, and also serve as the liner inside the cavity. Therefore, before the shell 1 is formed, the movable magnet 5 and the friction ball 4, which should be located inside the cavity, need to be aligned and inserted between the two wall electrodes.

[0079] S4: The first wall electrode 21 and the second wall electrode 22 are clamped together by a fixture to form a ring-shaped cylindrical structure. Pins are reserved on the first wall electrode 21 and the second wall electrode 22. In the assembled structure, the first wall electrode 21 and the second wall electrode 22 do not contact each other; the movable magnet 5 abuts against the first wall electrode 21 and the second wall electrode 22.

[0080] After the wall electrodes are assembled, the relative positions of the internal movable magnet 5 and the friction ball 4 are fixed. Since the first wall electrode 21 and the second wall electrode 22 need to be spaced apart during the assembly process, a special clamp is required in this step to assemble the two wall electrodes together from the outside of the first wall electrode 21 and the second wall electrode 22.

[0081] S5: The shell 1 is made of fiber filaments and thermosetting resin. The fiber filaments are rotated and wound around the outer periphery of the first wall electrode 21 and the second wall electrode 22, and then coated with thermosetting resin material. After the resin is heated and cured, the inner shell 1 is formed.

[0082] To obtain a completely sealed, one-piece housing 1, this embodiment employs a carbon fiber textile molding process. The process involves continuously winding continuous fiber filaments around a "mold" formed by the first wall electrode 21 and the second wall electrode 22, then coating the surface with resin material. After the resin material cures, the desired housing 1 is formed. The fiber filaments serve as the skeleton material of the housing 1, effectively improving the structural strength of the molded housing 1. To further enhance the strength of the prepared housing 1, the winding and resin coating processes can be repeated multiple times.

[0083] S6: After the inner shell 1 is formed, the clamp is removed, the holes at the clamp connection are sealed with thermosetting resin, and the inner cavity is deoxygenated to obtain a circular tubular semi-finished product.

[0084] During the preforming stage of shell 1, the fixtures on the "mold" may obstruct the fiber winding and resin application, potentially creating voids at the preforming locations. This step requires filling these voids and, simultaneously, using these voids, performing a vacuum treatment on the inner cavity of the preformed shell 1 to reduce the oxygen content. Alternatively, to prevent deformation of the preformed shell 1, a nitrogen filling method can be used to remove oxygen from the shell 1 instead of a vacuum treatment.

[0085] S7; Multiple copper sheets are wound in a spiral shape on the circular tubular semi-finished product of the above steps to form coils 3; the pins of the first end electrode and the second end electrode at both ends of each coil 3 are reserved.

[0086] In this embodiment, the manufacturing process involves directly winding copper wire or copper sheet onto a pre-formed housing 1 to obtain the desired coil 3.

[0087] S8: Continue to use fiber filaments and thermosetting resin as raw materials, and process them through the same process as in step S5 to obtain the outer shell 1, thereby obtaining the required annular composite power generation unit.

[0088] This step, based on the previous steps, involves winding the fiber filaments and applying resin material, thus forming the outermost shell 1. In this embodiment, the shell 1 is a two-layer composite material. The processed double-layer composite shell 1 completely encapsulates the coil 3 within the shell 1, solving the technical difficulty of embedding the coil 3 into the shell 1.

[0089] Furthermore, the inner and outer layers can be made of the same material or different materials. For example, depending on the actual needs, the material of the shell 1 near the inner layer can be made of a material with insulating properties, high elasticity, and good sealing performance, reducing the impact of internal component vibration on the outside. The material of the shell 1 near the outer layer, on the other hand, needs to be made of a material with outstanding corrosion resistance, anti-aging properties, excellent sealing and waterproofing performance, and high structural strength after curing, thus improving the material's service life under water immersion conditions.

[0090] Example 3

[0091] This embodiment provides a wave energy power generation device, which includes a rectifier module and an energy storage module. The wave energy power generation device also employs multiple sets of annular composite power generation units prepared using the preparation method of Embodiment 2. The rectifier module includes a first rectifier unit and a second rectifier unit. The first rectifier unit is electrically connected to the first and second end electrodes of each annular composite power generation unit. The second rectifier unit is electrically connected to the first wall electrode 21 and the second wall electrode 22 of each annular composite power generation unit. The rectifier module is used to rectify and output the different types of electrical energy generated by each annular composite power generation unit. The energy storage module is used to receive and store the electrical energy output by the rectifier module. Considering the significant difference in energy quality between the triboelectric and electromagnetic power generation components in the power generation unit, this embodiment uses two independent rectifier units for output.

[0092] The wave power generation device provided in this embodiment floats directly on the water surface and can be installed and applied to various water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and seas. As long as there are waves on the water surface, the wave power generation device can convert the mechanical energy of the water movement into electrical energy and collect and utilize it. Furthermore, even in water bodies where photovoltaic power generation equipment is already installed, the wave power generation device provided in this embodiment can be installed on the water surface below the photovoltaic panels to increase the power generation per unit area.

[0093] Furthermore, after the product of this embodiment is laid on the water surface, the evaporation rate can be effectively reduced. Therefore, this product is very suitable for use in inland areas with relatively scarce water resources, generating both power and water conservation benefits. The power generation unit of the wave energy power generation device in this embodiment is ring-shaped. After being laid on the water surface, it does not completely seal the water surface, thus avoiding the drawback of excessively blocking sunlight and air, which could lead to the deterioration of the underwater ecological environment.

[0094] Based on the above, it can be seen that the wave power generation equipment provided in this embodiment is a new type of new energy power generation equipment with excellent environmental performance and economic value, and is very suitable for large-scale promotion and application.

[0095] The above-described embodiments are merely one implementation of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the inventive concept, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a ring-shaped composite power generation unit, characterized in that, The ring-shaped composite power generation unit it prepares includes: The housing contains an annular sealed cavity with a uniform diameter; the inner wall of the cavity contains multiple parallel tracks, each of which is arranged along the extension direction of the cavity; the parallel tracks are recessed channels with a height lower than the inner wall of the cavity. The coil is cylindrical spring-shaped; there are one or more coils, which are spaced apart along the extension direction of the cavity in the housing; each coil is connected to a first end electrode and a second end electrode at its two ends respectively; A friction electrode is attached to the inner wall of a cavity within the housing. The shape of the friction electrode matches the shape of the cavity within the housing, and it consists of multiple electrode units arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the cavity. Each electrode unit is close to but does not contact the others. The electrode units in odd-numbered positions are electrically connected to form a first wall electrode, and the electrode units in even-numbered positions are electrically connected to form a second wall electrode. Both the first and second wall electrodes are integral structures, and the electrode units in the first and second wall electrodes are arranged alternately in the unfolded state. The electrode units are arranged using any one of the following methods: piano key pattern, sine wave pattern, square wave pattern, or triangular wave pattern. Multiple friction balls are present; the friction balls are located within the cavity of the housing, and the diameter of the friction balls is smaller than the longitudinal cross-section of the cavity; each friction ball includes a core and a sheath layer, the sheath layer being made of a triboelectric material with opposite polarity to the triboelectric electrode or with different electron capture capabilities; and The device includes one or more movable magnets, each comprising a permanent magnet and a movable support. The movable support includes multiple legs, each end of which is equipped with a universal ball bearing or a universal roller. The movable support is slidably abutted against the inner wall of a cavity within the housing. The permanent magnet is fixedly connected to the movable support. The movable support is a polygonal frame, its outline being an inscribed polygon of the cavity's cross-section. The universal ball bearings or universal rollers are installed at the vertices of the polygonal structure of the movable support. The abutment point of the movable support is located at a parallel track on the housing. The corresponding universal rollers or universal ball bearings are located within the groove. When the friction ball is driven by an external force to shuttle through the cavity, an alternating current is generated between the first wall electrode and the second wall electrode; when the movable magnet is driven by an external force to shuttle through the cavity, an alternating current is generated between the first end electrode and the second end electrode. The preparation method includes the following steps: S1; Select a thermoplastic organic polymer material as the thin-plate substrate for preparing the first wall electrode and the second wall electrode; S2: Cut the thin plate substrate into a first wall electrode and a second wall electrode; attach the first wall electrode and the second wall electrode to the inner wall of an annular cylindrical mold; then bake the first wall electrode, the second wall electrode and the mold until the substrate softens and then cools and solidifies. S3: After cooling and molding, the first wall electrode and the second wall electrode are obtained by demolding. The prefabricated movable magnet and friction ball are placed between the first wall electrode and the second wall electrode; wherein, when there are multiple movable magnets, they are placed at intervals. S4: The first wall electrode and the second wall electrode are clamped together by a fixture to form a ring-shaped cylindrical structure. Pins are reserved on the first wall electrode and the second wall electrode. In the assembled structure, the first wall electrode and the second wall electrode do not contact each other. The movable magnet abuts against the first wall electrode and the second wall electrode. S5: The shell is made of fiber filaments and thermosetting resin. The fiber filaments are rotated and wound around the outer periphery of the first and second wall electrodes, and then coated with thermosetting resin material. The resin is heated and cured to form the inner shell. S6: After the inner shell is formed, the clamps are removed, the holes at the clamp connection are sealed with thermosetting resin, and the inner cavity is deoxygenated to obtain a circular tubular semi-finished product. S7; Wrap multiple copper sheets in a spiral shape as coils on the circular tubular semi-finished product from the previous step; Reserve the pins of the first and second end electrodes at both ends of each coil; S8: Continue to use fiber filaments and thermosetting resin as raw materials, and process them through the same process as in step S5 to obtain the outer shell, thereby obtaining the required annular composite power generation unit.

2. The method for preparing the annular composite power generation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The triboelectric electrode is made of a triboelectric material with positive electropositivity. The materials used to make the triboelectric electrode include metals, alloys, indium tin oxide, or conductive organic polymers. The core of the triboelectric ball is made of stone or polymethyl methacrylate, and the sheath of the triboelectric ball is made of an insulating organic polymer with negative electropositivity.

3. The method for preparing the annular composite power generation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the universal roller or universal ball is provided with a protective layer of the same material as the sheath layer of the friction ball.

4. A wave energy generation device, comprising a rectifier module and an energy storage module, characterized in that: The wave energy power generation device also employs multiple sets of annular composite power generation units prepared by the preparation method as described in claim 1; the rectifier module includes a first rectifier unit and a second rectifier unit, the first rectifier unit being electrically connected to the first end electrode and the second end electrode in each annular composite power generation unit; the second rectifier unit being electrically connected to the first wall electrode and the second wall electrode in each annular composite power generation unit; the rectifier module is used to rectify and output different types of electrical energy generated by each annular composite power generation unit; the energy storage module is used to receive and store the electrical energy output by the rectifier module.

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