A cutter head, a tunneling machine and a tunneling method

Abstract

The application discloses a cutter head, which comprises a cutter head body, a drilling unit and a splitting unit arranged on the cutter head body. When the cutter head is used in hard rock geological tunneling, a plurality of holes are drilled on the working face by the drilling unit to reduce the strength of the working face, and the splitting unit is used to perform splitting operation on the splitting holes to complete rock breaking on the working face. The application further discloses a tunneling machine, which can be used in hard rock and super hard rock geological tunneling and has high tunneling efficiency. The application further discloses a construction method of the tunneling machine, which can form a plurality of concentric circles on the working face by drilling, and then perform splitting operation on the drilled holes by a splitting mechanism to break the working face. When tunneling, the edge position of the working face is pre-formed with a plurality of holes to separate the working face from the surrounding rock, reduce the disturbance of the cutter head body to the surrounding rock during tunneling or splitting, and ensure smooth tunneling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a cutter head, a tunnel boring machine and a tunnel boring method. Background Art

[0002] In the field of tunnel construction, shield machines have the characteristics of high degree of automation, labor saving, fast construction speed, one-time tunnel construction, no influence from climate, control of ground subsidence during excavation, reduced impact on ground buildings, and no impact on surface traffic during underwater excavation. When the tunnel line is long and the burial depth is deep, it is more economical and reasonable to use shield machines for construction.

[0003] The problems existing in tunnel construction in the existing technology are as follows: 1. For excavation construction in hard rock and super-hard rock geology, the TBM excavation speed is very slow, and the TBM uses the cutter disc on the cutter disc to roll and cut the rock during excavation. Under the action of the drive system, the cutter disc on the cutter disc rotates radially with the cutter disc. Under the action of the propulsion force, the cutter disc cuts into the rock on the tunnel face and squeezes and breaks the rock. However, the rotation speed of the cutter disc is very slow, usually 10r / min, and the impact load generated is small. Compared with hydraulic impactors, such as down-the-hole hammers and rock drills, the impact load is Therefore, the efficiency of the cutterhead in crushing hard rock or super-hard rock is low, and the closer to the center of the cutterhead, the lower the linear speed of the cutter, the lower the impact load it generates, resulting in great difficulty in crushing the rock in the center of the tunnel face, severe tool wear and slow tunneling efficiency; 2. When TBMs are excavating hard rock, they cause great disturbance to the surrounding rock, which may hinder construction; 3. Although the existing tunneling machine cutterheads are equipped with impact or hole-opening structures such as hydraulic impactors to crush hard rock at a fixed point, they still cannot solve the problem of severe wear in the center of the cutterhead.

[0004] In summary, there is an urgent need for a cutterhead, a tunnel boring machine and a tunnel boring method to solve the problems of difficult tunneling in hard rock or super-hard rock, large disturbance to the surrounding rock and severe wear of the cutterhead in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a cutterhead, a tunnel boring machine, and a tunnel boring method to solve the problems of the prior art in tunneling hard or superhard rock, the large disturbance to the surrounding rock, and the severe wear of the cutterhead. The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0006] A cutterhead comprises a cutterhead body and a drilling unit and a splitting unit arranged on the cutterhead body. The drilling unit is used for drilling holes on a tunnel face. The motion trajectory of the splitting unit coincides with the motion trajectory of the drilling unit and is used for splitting the holes drilled by the drilling unit.

[0007] The above technical solution is preferred, in which multiple groups of drilling units and multiple groups of splitting units are staggered in the circumferential direction of the cutter disc body; the drilling unit includes at least two groups of drilling mechanisms arranged radially along the cutter disc body; the splitting unit includes at least one group of splitting mechanisms arranged radially along the cutter disc body; any splitting mechanism has at least one group of drilling mechanisms corresponding to it, and the rotation trajectory of the splitting mechanism and its corresponding drilling mechanism on the cutter disc body coincides.

[0008] Preferably, in the above technical solution, among the at least two groups of drilling mechanisms, at least one group of drilling mechanisms is arranged on the edge of the cutter head body.

[0009] The above technical solution is preferred, wherein the drilling mechanism includes a drilling box and multiple groups of retractable drilling actuators; multiple drilling actuators are arranged on the drilling box, and the drilling actuators include drill bits and drill rods arranged in sequence along the excavation direction; the drill bits of two adjacent groups of drilling actuators are staggered in the drilling direction, so that the holes drilled by the two groups of drill bits on the tunnel face are connected.

[0010] Preferably, the distance between the upper surface of the drilling box and the axis of the drill rod is L1; the radius of the drill bit is R1; and R1 ≥ L1.

[0011] The above technical solution is preferred, wherein the drilling mechanism further includes a shaping plate, which is movably connected to the drill rod and moves with the drill rod in the drilling direction; the shaping plate is provided with shaping teeth, which are used to scrape off the under-dug area between two adjacent groups of drill bits.

[0012] The above technical solution preferably also includes a drilling and splitting unit arranged in the center of the cutter disc body, and the drilling and splitting unit includes a drilling mechanism and a splitting mechanism arranged circumferentially staggered on the cutter disc body; in the drilling and splitting unit, any splitting mechanism has at least one group of drilling mechanisms corresponding to it, and the rotation trajectory of the splitting mechanism and its corresponding drilling mechanism coincides.

[0013] Preferably, the above technical solution is such that the drilling mechanism of the splitting and drilling unit and the drilling mechanism of the drilling unit are in the same radial direction.

[0014] A tunnel boring machine comprises a cutterhead on a tunnel boring machine body; the cutterhead is arranged on the tunnel boring machine body.

[0015] A tunnel boring machine construction method, using the tunnel boring machine, comprises the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: The cutterhead body is stationary, and multiple groups of drilling mechanisms are made to drill holes for the i-th time, drilling to the target depth and then retreating, where i ≥ 1;

[0017] Step 2: After rotating the cutter head body, perform the (i+1)th drilling according to step 1, so that the hole drilled (i+1)th time is adjacent to or connected to the hole drilled (i);

[0018] Step 3: When the holes drilled in step 2 form multiple concentric circles on the tunnel face, retract all the drilling mechanisms and proceed to the next step; otherwise, set i = i + 1 and return to step 2;

[0019] Step 4: The cutter head is stationary, and the multiple splitting mechanisms are aligned with the holes drilled by the drilling mechanism to perform the jth round of splitting operation, where j≥1;

[0020] Step 5: After rotating the cutter head, perform the j+1th round of splitting operation according to step 4;

[0021] Step 6: If the splitting and rock breaking of the current cycle is completed, return all the splitting mechanisms and proceed to the next step; otherwise, set j = j + 1 and return to step 5;

[0022] Step 7: The cutterhead rotates and advances forward. When it reaches the tunnel face of the next construction cycle, a round of excavation is completed and the cutterhead stops rotating.

[0023] Step 8: Repeat steps 1 to 7 until the excavation of the target section of the tunnel is completed.

[0024] The application of the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) The cutterhead of the present invention comprises a cutterhead body and a drilling unit and a splitting unit arranged on the cutterhead body. The motion trajectory of the splitting unit coincides with the motion trajectory of the drilling unit. When the cutterhead of the present invention is used for excavation in hard rock geology, a plurality of holes are first drilled on the face of the tunnel by the drilling unit to reduce the strength of the face of the tunnel. After the drilling is completed, the holes drilled by the drilling unit are used as splitting holes, and the splitting unit performs splitting operations on the splitting holes to complete the rock breaking on the face of the tunnel. Then the cutterhead body rotates to excavate, which can improve the efficiency of excavation and effectively reduce the wear of the cutterhead body. Moreover, the cutterhead of the present invention can achieve efficient rock breaking without using multiple tools such as rollers, which greatly reduces the types of tools used and the wear of the tools.

[0026] (2) The present invention can improve the drilling and splitting efficiency, thereby improving the rock breaking efficiency, by arranging multiple groups of drilling units and multiple groups of splitting units in a circumferentially staggered manner. The splitting mechanism only needs to correspond to one group of drilling mechanisms. Multiple groups of drilling mechanisms can be arranged according to actual conditions without having to set up multiple groups of splitting mechanisms in one-to-one correspondence with the drilling mechanisms, which can reduce cost requirements. Moreover, if the number of drilling mechanisms is greater than the splitting mechanisms, the extra holes drilled can greatly reduce the strength of the face and provide a certain amount of cracking space for the splitting operation, thereby improving the rock breaking effect.

[0027] (3) At least one group of drilling mechanisms of the present invention is arranged at the edge of the cutter head body. The holes drilled by the drilling mechanisms at the edge are adjacent or connected, and a peripheral annular groove can be formed at the edge of the tunnel face, thereby separating the tunnel face from the surrounding rock mass, reducing the disturbance to the surrounding rock mass during construction, and ensuring the smooth progress of the excavation work.

[0028] (3) The present invention can improve the efficiency of drilling and thus improve the efficiency of rock breaking by providing multiple groups of retractable drilling actuators; the two adjacent groups of drill bits of the present invention are staggered in the drilling direction, which can make the holes drilled by the two drill bits connected, thereby ensuring the effect of rock breaking and reducing the strength of the face.

[0029] (4) R1≥L1 of the present invention. For the drilling mechanism at the edge of the cutter head body, the drilling mechanism at the edge must ensure that it can drill holes perpendicular to the tunnel face. If the holes are drilled obliquely, the tunnel face and the surrounding rock mass cannot be completely separated, and the role of preventing the surrounding rock from being disturbed cannot be played. In the prior art, in order to make the holes drilled obliquely separate the tunnel face and the surrounding rock mass completely, an expansion cutter is used to expand the holes drilled obliquely after drilling. This method has low working efficiency and is not suitable for tunneling construction. Therefore, in On the premise of ensuring vertical drilling, if R1 < L1, then due to the limitation of the tunnel wall, the upper top surface of the drill box can only fit with the tunnel wall at most, and the hole drilled by the drill bit cannot separate the tunnel face and the surrounding rock (that is, the hole drilled cannot be close to the excavation contour line), and an expansion knife is also needed to expand the hole. However, in the present invention, since the drill bit protrudes from (or is equal to) the upper top surface of the drill box, when drilling close to the excavation contour line, the drilled hole does not need to be subsequently corrected or expanded to achieve complete separation of the tunnel face and the surrounding rock, thereby greatly improving work efficiency.

[0030] (5) The present invention removes the underdug area between the two groups of drill bits by the shaping teeth on the shaping plate, so that the outer edge of the hole drilled by the drilling mechanism at one time is smooth, which can ensure smooth subsequent advancement.

[0031] (6) The present invention provides a drilling and splitting unit in the central area of ​​the cutter head body, thereby being able to drill holes and split and break rocks in the central area of ​​the face, thereby solving the problem of severe wear at the center of the cutter head body (i.e., solving the problem of different degrees of tool wear at the center and edge of the cutter head body), and also improving construction efficiency.

[0032] (7) The drilling mechanism of the splitting unit and the drilling mechanism of the drilling unit of the present invention are in the same radial direction, which enables the drilling mechanisms of the two (i.e., the splitting unit and the drilling unit) to rotate synchronously to drill holes, so that the hole forming angles on the face are the same (i.e., the holes drilled each time are located in the same radial direction). This makes it easy to quickly drill multiple concentric circles of different diameters on the face, without having to repeatedly rotate the cutter head body to drill the concentric circles, which can improve work efficiency.

[0033] A tunnel boring machine comprises a tunnel boring machine body and the cutterhead. The tunnel boring machine of the present invention is adaptable to tunneling in hard rock and super-hard rock geology and has high tunneling efficiency.

[0034] The tunnel boring machine construction method of the present invention adopts the tunnel boring machine. The method of the present invention first forms multiple concentric circles on the tunnel face by drilling holes, reducing the strength of the tunnel face, and then splits the drilled holes through a splitting mechanism to break the rock on the tunnel face (i.e., crack the rock) so that the rock falls down. In the tunneling section of hard rock geology, the method of the present invention has very high construction efficiency. In addition, during tunneling, the method of the present invention pre-drills holes in a circle at the edge of the tunnel face to separate the tunnel face from the surrounding surrounding rock, reducing the disturbance of the surrounding rock caused by the cutter head body during tunneling or splitting work, thereby ensuring smooth tunneling.

[0035] In addition to the above-described objects, features and advantages, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0037] In the attached figure:

[0038] Figure 1 2 is a schematic plan view of the cutter head of this embodiment;

[0039] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cutterhead after completing circumferential drilling on the palm face;

[0040] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the splitting unit operation;

[0041] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the drilling mechanism in FIG.

[0042] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle shaping plate;

[0043] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the undercut area between two adjacent drill bits;

[0044] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the operation of removing the undercut area with the shaping plate;

[0045] Figure 8 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the splitting mechanism;

[0046] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a tunnel boring machine in this embodiment;

[0047] Among them, 1. Cutter body; 2. Drilling unit; 3. Splitting unit; 4. Drilling and splitting unit; 5. Drilling mechanism; 5.a. Drilling mechanism at the edge; 5.1. Drilling box; 5.11. Box; 5.12. Drilling body; 5.13. Drilling telescopic member; 5.2. Drilling actuator; 5.21. Drill rod; 5.22. Drill bit; 5.3. Shaping plate; 5.31. Shaping teeth; 5.32. Through hole; 6 , splitting mechanism; 6.1, splitting box; 6.2, splitting body; 6.3, splitting telescopic member; 6.4, splitting rod; 7.a, hole drilled by the splitting unit; 7.b, hole drilled by the drilling unit; 7.c, hole drilled by the drilling mechanism at the edge position; 8, rock layer; 8.a, tunnel face of the next construction cycle; 9, undercut area; 10, shield; 11, screw conveyor; 12, stone crushing mechanism; 13, conveyor belt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.

[0049] Example:

[0050] A cutterhead includes a cutterhead body 1 and a drilling unit 2 and a splitting unit 3 arranged on the cutterhead body 1. The drilling unit 2 in this embodiment is used to drill holes on the tunnel face, and the splitting unit 3 is used to split the holes drilled in the tunnel face (i.e., to break the rock on the tunnel face). After the rock breaking is completed, the cutterhead body 1 moves forward, such as Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the specific structure is as follows:

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, the cutter head body 1 is provided with cutting tools for excavation, and the details thereof can refer to the cutter head structure in the prior art.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, the drilling unit 2 is arranged on the cutter head body 1 and can drill holes on the tunnel face. In this embodiment, a total of four groups of drilling units 2 are arranged, and the four groups of drilling units 2 are arranged along the circumference of the cutter head body 1. Preferably, the four groups of drilling units 2 are arranged at equal intervals.

[0053] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, the number of the splitting units 3 is also four, and the four groups of splitting units 3 are arranged along the circumference of the cutter disc body 1 (preferably at equal intervals), and the four groups of drilling units 2 and the four groups of splitting units 3 are staggered at equal intervals in the circumference of the cutter disc body 1; the rotation trajectory of the splitting unit 3 on the cutter disc body 1 coincides with the rotation trajectory of the drilling unit 2 on the cutter disc body 1, so that the splitting unit 3 can face the hole drilled by the drilling unit 2 after rotation, thereby completing the splitting operation. Figure 2 In the figure, reference numeral 7.a indicates a hole drilled by the drilling and splitting unit 4; reference numeral 7.b indicates a hole drilled by the drilling unit 2; and reference numeral 7.c indicates a hole drilled by the drilling mechanism 5.a at the edge.

[0054] The specific structure of the drilling unit 2 in this embodiment is as follows:

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, the drilling unit 2 includes at least two groups of drilling mechanisms 5. In this embodiment, preferably, one group of drilling units 2 includes four groups of drilling mechanisms 5, and the four groups of drilling mechanisms 5 are arranged along the radial direction of the cutter head body 1 (they can be arranged at equal intervals, which is determined according to actual conditions). It should be noted that as the diameter of the cutter head body 1 increases (that is, the specifications of the cutter head body 1 are different), the number of drilling mechanisms 5 of the drilling unit 2 in this embodiment should also increase or decrease to match the different sizes of the face.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, among the four groups of drilling mechanisms 5 of the drilling unit 2 of this embodiment, one group of drilling mechanisms 5 is arranged at the edge position of the cutter head body 1 (that is, as shown by the label 5.a), which is used to perform circumferential drilling at the edge position of the tunnel face to separate the tunnel face and the surrounding rock (the holes drilled by the drilling mechanisms at the edge position are as shown in FIG. Figure 2 and Figure 3 7.c shown), specifically, in this embodiment, the drilling mechanism 5 is located at the edge, and the outer peripheral contour line of the drill bit 5.22 of the drilling mechanism 5 is in the excavation direction (ie, axial direction, i.e. Figure 1 In addition, the present embodiment is not limited to setting only one set of drilling mechanisms 5 at the edge. When two sets of drilling mechanisms 5 are set at the edge of the cutter head body 1, the specific arrangement is as follows: the outer peripheral contour line of the drill bit 5.22 of the first set of drilling mechanisms 5 is inscribed with the maximum outer peripheral contour line of the cutter head body 1, and the second set of drilling mechanisms 5 corresponds to the first set of drilling mechanisms 5 in the radial direction of the cutter head body 1. The radial distance between the first set of drilling mechanisms 5 and the second set of drilling mechanisms 5 is selected according to actual conditions, for example, 3-10 cm.

[0057] The specific structure of the drilling mechanism 5 of this embodiment is as follows: Figures 4 to 7 As shown:

[0058] like Figure 4 As shown, the drilling mechanism 5 includes a drilling box 5.1 and multiple groups of retractable drilling actuators 5.2; the drilling box 5.1 includes a box 5.11, a drilling body and a drilling telescopic member 5.13 (such as a telescopic oil cylinder); the box 5.11 is fixed to the cutter head body 1; the drilling body is slidably arranged in the box 5.11, and the function of the drilling body (refer to the existing structure) is to drive the drilling actuator 5.2 to rotate to realize the drilling function of the drilling actuator 5.2; the drilling telescopic member 5.13 is arranged in the box 5.11, and the two ends of the drilling telescopic member 5.13 are respectively hinged to the inner wall of the box 5.11 and the drilling body, the sliding direction of the drilling body and the telescopic direction of the drilling telescopic member 5.13 are perpendicular to the tunnel face (that is, parallel to the excavation direction), and the drilling telescopic member 5.13 is used to rotate. The drill bit 5.22 is coaxially fixed to the end of the drill rod 5.21. The outer diameter of the drill bit 5.22 is larger than that of the drill rod 5.21. The drill rod 5.21 and the drill bit 5.22 are driven to rotate by the drilling body. Among the four groups of drilling implements 5.2, the adjacent two groups of drill bits 5.22 are staggered front and back in the drilling direction so that the holes drilled by the four groups of drilling implements 5.2 can be connected (that is, connected to form a long groove, such as Figure 6 In addition, the two adjacent sets of drill bits 5.22 can also be set without front-to-back offset. It is only necessary to set the distance between the two adjacent sets of drill bits 5.22 to be smaller (here, the distance is, for example, 2-10 cm). In this way, after drilling, the interval between the holes drilled by the two adjacent sets of drill bits 5.22 is smaller, which does not affect subsequent construction.

[0059] The drilling mechanism 5 of this embodiment has the following preferred structure:

[0060] like Figure 4 As shown, the distance L1 between the top surface of the drilling box 5.1 (specifically, box 5.11) and the axis of the drill rod 5.21 is; the radius of the drill bit 5.22 is R1, R1 ≥ L1, allowing the drill bit 5.22 to protrude outward or lie flush with the top surface of the box 5.11 (this embodiment illustrates R1 = L1). This allows the drill bit 5.22 to drill holes perpendicular to the tunnel face near the excavation contour, and the holes drilled can separate the tunnel face from the surrounding rock. The structural design herein is specifically optimized for the drilling mechanism 5.a located at the edge of the cutterhead body 1. Of course, drilling mechanisms 5 located elsewhere can also adopt the preferred structure herein.

[0061] like Figures 5 to 7As shown, the preferred drilling mechanism 5 of this embodiment further includes a shaping plate 5.3, which is movably arranged on the four groups of drill rods 5.21 of the drilling mechanism 5 and can move forward and backward with the drill rods 5.21. The shaping plate 5.3 is movably arranged in such a way that: through holes 5.32 corresponding to the four groups of drill rods 5.21 are provided on the shaping plate 5.3, and the drill rods 5.21 pass through the through holes 5.32. The arrangement of the through holes 5.32 can prevent the shaping plate 5.3 from interfering with the rotation of the drill rods 5.21; the inner wall of the through hole 5.32 is arranged along the An annular groove is provided in the circumferential direction; an annular boss is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the drill rod 5.21; the annular boss is provided in the annular groove, so that the shaping plate 5.3 can move forward and backward with the drill rod 5.21 without interfering with the rotation of the drill rod 5.21; the shaping plate 5.3 is also provided with multiple groups of shaping teeth 5.31, which are located between two adjacent groups of drill bits 5.22 of the drilling mechanism 5. When the drill rod 5.21 is drilling, the shaping teeth 5.31 are driven to dig the underdug area 9 (i.e., Figure 6 The lower end of the shaping plate 5.3 is configured as a plurality of continuous arc structures, which enables the shaping plate 5.3 to smoothly enter the hole drilled by the drill bit 5.22.

[0062] like Figure 1 and Figure 8 As shown, the splitting unit 3 of this embodiment includes multiple groups of splitting mechanisms 6. Three groups of splitting mechanisms 6 are illustrated in this embodiment. The three groups of splitting mechanisms 6 are arranged along the radial direction of the cutter disc body 1 (preferably equidistantly). The three groups of splitting mechanisms 6 in this embodiment can correspond to the three groups of drilling mechanisms 5 of the drilling unit 2 respectively (the splitting mechanisms 6 do not correspond to the drilling mechanisms 5 located at the edge of the cutter disc body 1). The corresponding relationship between the splitting mechanisms 6 and the drilling mechanisms 5 is specifically: the rotation trajectory of the splitting mechanism 6 on the cutter disc body 1 coincides with the rotation trajectory of the corresponding drilling mechanism 5 on the cutter disc body 1 (that is, the rotation trajectories are all located on the same circle, which takes the center of the cutter disc body 1 as the center of the circle), and the rotation trajectories of multiple groups of splitting mechanisms 6 or multiple groups of drilling mechanisms 5 are multiple concentric circles of different diameters (approximate concentric circles, such as Figure 2 In addition, this embodiment does not limit the number of splitting mechanisms 6 included in the splitting unit 3. For example, the splitting unit 3 may include only one set of splitting mechanisms 6, and the splitting mechanisms 6 can correspond to the drilling mechanisms at non-edge positions (i.e., their rotational trajectories coincide).

[0063] The specific structure of the splitting mechanism 6 of this embodiment is as follows:

[0064] like Figure 8As shown, the splitting mechanism 6 includes a splitting box 6.1, a splitting body 6.2, a splitting telescopic member 6.3 (such as a telescopic oil cylinder) and a plurality of splitting rods 6.4; the splitting box 6.1 is fixed to the cutter head body 1; the splitting body 6.2 (refer to the prior art) is slidably arranged in the splitting box 6.1, the splitting telescopic member 6.3 is located in the splitting box 6.1, and the two ends of the splitting telescopic member 6.3 are respectively hinged to the inner wall of the splitting box 6.1 and the splitting body 6.2. The telescopic direction of the splitting telescopic member 6.3 is The sliding direction of the splitting body 6.2 is perpendicular to the tunnel face; multiple groups of splitting bars 6.4 are arranged on the splitting body 6.2. The number of splitting bars 6.4 included in the splitting mechanism 6 of this embodiment is the same as the number of drill bits 5.22 of the drilling mechanism 5, that is, the splitting bars 6.4 can be directly opposite the holes drilled by the drill bit 5.22, and the splitting bars 6.4 are driven by the splitting telescopic member 6.3 to split the tunnel face. When splitting is not needed, the splitting bars 6.4 can be retracted into the cutter head body 1.

[0065] In this embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, it also includes a drilling and splitting unit 4 arranged in the center of the cutter head body 1. The drilling and splitting unit 4 can drill and split the central area of ​​the tunnel face to complete the rock breaking of the tunnel face at the center position and reduce the wear of the center of the cutter head body 1; in this embodiment, the center of the cutter head body 1 is defined as: the center point of the cutter head body 1 is the circle point, 52R2 is the radius, and the center of the cutter head body 1 is defined within this radius; R2 is the radius of the cutter head body 1.

[0066] The drilling and splitting unit 4 of this embodiment includes a drilling mechanism 5 and a splitting mechanism 6. The specific structure of the drilling mechanism 5 of the drilling and splitting unit 4 is consistent with the structure of the drilling mechanism 5 of the above-mentioned drilling unit 2; the specific structure of the splitting mechanism 6 of the drilling and splitting unit 4 is consistent with the structure of the splitting mechanism 6 of the above-mentioned splitting unit 3.

[0067] The drilling and splitting unit 4 of this embodiment includes two groups of drilling mechanisms 5 and two groups of splitting mechanisms 6. The drilling mechanisms 5 and splitting mechanisms 6 are staggered in the circumferential direction of the cutter head body 1 (forming a quadrilateral structure when viewed from the side). The rotational trajectories of the drilling mechanisms 5 and splitting mechanisms 6 of the drilling and splitting unit 4 on the cutter head body 1 overlap to facilitate drilling and splitting.

[0068] In this embodiment, preferably, Figure 1 As shown, the drilling mechanism 5 of the drilling and splitting unit 4 and the drilling mechanism 5 of the drilling unit 2 are arranged correspondingly in the radial direction of the cutter head body 1 (that is, located in the same radial direction); in addition, the splitting mechanism 6 of the drilling and splitting unit 4 and the splitting mechanism 6 of the splitting unit 3 can also be arranged in the same radial direction (this situation is not shown in the drawings of this embodiment) so that synchronous splitting work can be performed to improve construction efficiency.

[0069] This embodiment also discloses a tunnel boring machine, which includes a tunnel boring machine body and the cutter head. Figure 9 As shown;

[0070] The tunnel boring machine body includes a shield 10, a screw conveyor 11, a stone crushing mechanism 12 and a conveyor belt 13;

[0071] The cutterhead is located at the front end of the shield 10 and is used for tunneling. The screw conveyor 11 is located within the shield 10 and is used to transport debris and gravel. The stone crushing mechanism 12 (refer to the prior art) is located between the screw conveyor 11 and the conveyor belt 13 and is used to crush large rocks and transport them to the rear via the conveyor belt 13. The rest of the structure of the tunneling machine body refers to the prior art.

[0072] This embodiment also discloses a tunnel boring machine construction method, which uses the tunnel boring machine and includes the following steps:

[0073] Step 1: The cutterhead body 1 is stationary, and the multiple sets of drilling mechanisms 5 (herein, the drilling mechanisms 5 are the drilling mechanisms 5 of the drilling unit 2 and the drilling mechanisms 5 of the splitting unit 4) perform the i-th drilling, drilling to the target depth and then retreating, where i≥1. In this embodiment, i=1, i.e., the first drilling is performed;

[0074] Step 2: Rotate the cutter head body 1. The rotation angle of the cutter head body 1 is selected according to the number of drill bits 5.22 included in the drilling mechanism 5. That is, the more drill bits 5.22 there are, the greater the rotation angle should be. The specific rotation angle is based on the ability to achieve continuous drilling around the circle.

[0075] After the cutter head body 1 has completed its rotation, the i+1th drilling operation is performed according to the drilling operation in step 1, so that the hole drilled in the i+1th time is adjacent to or connected to the hole drilled in the i-th time (the distance between the i+1th and i-th holes is 0-2 cm, and when the distance is 0 cm, it means that the two adjacent holes are connected);

[0076] Step 3: When the holes drilled in step 2 form multiple concentric circles of different diameters on the tunnel face (such as Figure 2 As shown, multiple concentric circles of free surfaces are formed, which means that the circumferential drilling of the tunnel face is completed. At this time, the tunnel face and the surrounding rock are separated by the holes drilled by the drilling mechanism 5.a at the edge of the cutter head body 1. Return all the drilling mechanisms 5 and proceed to the next step.

[0077] Otherwise (i.e., when the circumferential punching is not completed), set i=i+1 and return to step 2 (i.e., return to continue the circumferential punching);

[0078] Step 4: If Figure 3As shown, the cutter head body 1 is stationary, and the multiple groups of splitting mechanisms 6 (the splitting mechanisms 6 here are the splitting mechanisms 6 of the splitting unit 3 and the splitting mechanisms 6 of the drilling and splitting units 4), the splitting rods 6.4 of the splitting mechanisms 6 are facing the holes drilled by the drilling mechanism 5, and the j-th round of splitting operation is performed, j ≥ 1, and j = 1 in this embodiment;

[0079] Step 5: After the cutterhead body 1 is rotated, the rotation angle of the cutterhead body 1 is consistent with the rotation angle in step 2 above, so that the splitting rod 6.4 can be quickly aligned with the hole drilled by the drilling mechanism 5. Then, according to step 4, the j+1th round of splitting operation is performed on the tunnel face (i.e., rock breaking operation is performed on the rock layer 8);

[0080] Step 6: If the current cycle of splitting and rock breaking is completed (i.e., the rock breaking work on the current tunnel face is completed so that the subsequent cutterhead body 1 can advance smoothly), all splitting mechanisms 6 are retracted and the next step is entered; otherwise, j=j+1 is set and the process returns to step 5 (i.e., rock breaking on the tunnel face is continued to reduce the strength of the tunnel face);

[0081] Step 7: After the rock breaking work is completed, the cutter head body 1 rotates and advances forward. When it reaches the tunnel face of the next construction cycle (such as Figure 3 As shown, the tunnel face 8 of the next construction cycle. a refers to the deepest hole drilled by the drilling mechanism 5, and the plane where the bottom of the hole is located is the tunnel face of the next construction cycle). After completing one round of excavation, the cutterhead body 1 stops rotating;

[0082] Step 8: Repeat steps 1 to 7 until the excavation of the target section of the tunnel is completed.

[0083] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cutter head, characterized in that: The invention comprises a cutterhead body (1), and a drilling unit (2) and a splitting unit (3) arranged on the cutterhead body (1); the drilling unit (2) is used for drilling holes on the tunnel face; the movement trajectory of the splitting unit (3) coincides with the movement trajectory of the drilling unit (2), and is used for splitting the hole drilled by the drilling unit (2); The drilling unit (2) comprises at least two groups of drill arrangement mechanisms (5) radially arranged along the cutter head body (1); the drill arrangement mechanism (5) comprises a shaping plate (5.3), the shaping plate (5.3) being movably connected to a drill rod (5.21) and moving along with the drill rod (5.21) in the drilling direction; the shaping plate (5.3) is provided with shaping teeth (5.31), the shaping teeth (5.31) being used to scrape off an underdrilled area (9) between two adjacent groups of drill bits (5.22); The drilling mechanism (5) comprises a drilling box (5.1) and a plurality of groups of retractable drilling actuators (5.2); Multiple drilling actuators (5.2) are all arranged on the drilling box ( 5.1), the drilling actuator (5.2) includes a drill bit (5.22) and a drill rod (5.21) arranged in sequence along the excavation direction; the drill bits (5.22) of two adjacent groups of drilling actuators (5.2) are staggered in the drilling direction so that the holes drilled on the tunnel face by the two groups of drill bits (5.22) are connected; The distance between the upper surface of the drilling box (5.1) and the axis of the drill rod (5.21) is ; The radius of the drill bit (5.22) is ; .

2. A cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple groups of drilling units (2) and multiple groups of splitting units (3) are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction of the cutter head body (1); The splitting unit (3) comprises at least one group of splitting mechanisms (6) arranged radially along the cutter disc body (1); each splitting mechanism (6) has at least one group of drilling mechanisms (5) arranged corresponding thereto, and the rotational trajectories of the splitting mechanism (6) and its corresponding drilling mechanism (5) on the cutter disc body (1) coincide with each other.

3. A cutter head according to claim 2, characterized in that: Among the at least two groups of drilling mechanisms (5), at least one group of drilling mechanisms (5) is arranged on the edge of the cutter head body (1).

4. A cutter head according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The invention also includes a drilling and splitting unit (4) arranged at the center of the cutter head body (1), wherein the drilling and splitting unit (4) includes a drilling mechanism (5) and a splitting mechanism (6) arranged in an alternating manner in the circumferential direction of the cutter head body (1); in the drilling and splitting unit (4), any splitting mechanism (6) has at least one set of drilling mechanisms (5) arranged corresponding to it, and the rotational trajectories of the splitting mechanism (6) and the corresponding drilling mechanism (5) coincide with each other.

5. The cutter head according to claim 4, characterized in that: The drilling mechanism (5) of the drilling and splitting unit (4) and the drilling mechanism (5) of the drilling unit (2) are located in the same radial direction.

6. A tunnel boring machine, characterized in that: It comprises a tunnel boring machine body and a cutterhead according to any one of claims 1 to 5; the cutterhead is arranged on the tunnel boring machine body.

7. A tunnel boring machine construction method, using a tunnel boring machine as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: The cutter head body (1) is stationary, and the multiple drilling mechanisms (5) are operated. Drilling to the target depth and then retreating, ; Step 2: After rotating the cutter body (1), proceed as per step 1. Drill the hole to make the The second drilled hole The secondary drilled holes are adjacent or connected; Step 3: When the holes drilled in step 2 form multiple concentric circles on the face, retract all the drilling mechanisms (5) and proceed to the next step. Otherwise, proceed to the next step. , return to step 2; Step 4: The cutter head (1) is stationary, and the multiple splitting mechanisms (6) are aligned with the holes drilled by the drilling mechanism (5). Wheel splitting operation, ; Step 5: After rotating the cutter body (1), proceed as per step 4. Splitting operation of the wheel; Step 6: If the current cycle of splitting and breaking rock is completed, return all the splitting mechanisms (6) and proceed to the next step, otherwise take , return to step five; Step 7: The cutterhead body (1) rotates and advances forward. When the excavation reaches the tunnel face (8.a) of the next construction cycle, a round of excavation is completed, and the cutterhead body (1) stops rotating. Step 8: Repeat steps 1 to 7 until the excavation of the target section of the tunnel is completed.

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