A high-efficiency and energy-saving coal-fired steam boiler and its control system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a high-efficiency and energy-saving coal-fired steam boiler and its control system, comprising a steam water tank and a combustion furnace, wherein a steam water tank is installed on the top of the combustion furnace, and a smoke exhaust pipe is installed in the middle of the top of the combustion furnace, one end of the smoke exhaust pipe is connected to a first generator, and the first generator is connected to a first heat exchange box through a first connecting pipe. The coal-fired steam boiler can use the generator to mechanically generate electricity with the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion furnace, and also use a heat exchange device to exchange heat in the exhaust gas to heat the air, and use a blower to draw the air containing heat into the combustion furnace, thereby improving the combustion efficiency, and can also collect unburned carbon dust in the exhaust gas and then transport it to the combustion furnace, saving carbon consumption, the steam generated by the steam water tank can be used for heat exchange to heat the water in the auxiliary water tank, and the water in the auxiliary water tank is used to supply the steam water tank, so as to maintain a continuous supply of hot water in the steam water tank to prevent dry burning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of coal-fired steam boilers, and in particular to a high-efficiency and energy-saving coal-fired steam boiler and a control system thereof. Background Art

[0002] In a coal-fired steam boiler, coal is often burned to heat the boiler, thereby heating the water in the boiler. The existing coal-fired steam boiler directly discharges the smoke from the coal combustion to the outdoors, affecting the atmospheric environment, causing poor air quality, polluting the environment, and failing to achieve the effect of energy conservation and emission reduction. It also fails to utilize the strong airflow in the smoke for mechanical power generation, fails to utilize the steam generated in the boiler for power generation, and fails to recover and reuse the waste heat from the discharged steam, thereby achieving the purpose of energy conservation. For this purpose, a high-efficiency and energy-saving coal-fired steam boiler and a control system thereof are provided. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency and energy-saving coal-fired steam boiler and its control system in view of the defects of the prior art, so as to solve the problems raised by the above background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a high-efficiency and energy-saving coal-fired steam boiler, comprising a steam water tank and a combustion furnace, wherein a steam water tank is installed on the top of the combustion furnace, and a smoke exhaust pipe is installed in the middle of the top of the combustion furnace, one end of the smoke exhaust pipe is connected to a first generator, and the first generator is connected to a first heat exchange box through a first connecting pipe, a first serpentine heat exchange tube is installed inside the first heat exchange box, the first serpentine heat exchange tube is connected to a multi-tube cyclone dust collector through a fourth connecting pipe, the multi-tube cyclone dust collector is connected to a desulfurization box, a chimney is installed on the top of the desulfurization box, the multi-tube cyclone dust collector is connected to the desulfurization box, a chimney is installed on the top of the desulfurization box, a first centrifugal fan is installed on the top of the multi-tube cyclone dust collector, and the first centrifugal fan A second connecting pipe is installed on the machine, one end of the combustion furnace is connected to a third connecting pipe, a second centrifugal fan is installed on the third connecting pipe, a steam delivery pipe is connected to the top side of the steam water tank, one end of the steam delivery pipe is connected to a second generator, the second generator is connected to a second heat exchange box through a fifth connecting pipe, a second serpentine heat exchange pipe is installed inside the second heat exchange box, a water pump is installed on the top side of the second heat exchange box, the top of the water pump is connected to a sixth connecting pipe, a second serpentine heat exchange pipe is installed inside the second heat exchange box, the bottom of the second serpentine heat exchange pipe is connected to a condensate delivery pipe, one end of the condensate delivery pipe is connected to a condensate storage tank, a control box is provided at the bottom of the combustion furnace, and a power switch is installed on the control box.

[0005] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the steam water tank is installed on the top of the combustion furnace by bolts, and the combustion furnace, the first generator, the first heat exchange box, the multi-cyclone dust collector, the desulfurization box, the second generator, the second heat exchange box and the condensate storage tank are all installed on the top of the base by bolts.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, one end of the exhaust pipe is welded to the middle of the top of the combustion furnace, and the other end of the exhaust pipe is connected to the air inlet of the first generator through a connecting flange, and the first generator is welded to the first serpentine heat exchange tube through a first connecting pipe.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, one end of the third connecting pipe is welded to the side of the first heat exchange box, the other end of the third connecting pipe is welded to one end surface of the combustion furnace, and the second centrifugal fan is installed on the middle part of the third connecting pipe by bolts and connecting flanges.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, one end of the fourth connecting pipe is welded to the other end of the first serpentine heat exchange tube, the other end of the fourth connecting pipe is welded to the air inlet of the multi-tube cyclone dust collector, the air inlet of the first centrifugal fan is connected to the dust collecting bin of the multi-tube cyclone dust collector through a connecting pipe, one end of the second connecting pipe is welded to the third connecting pipe, and the other end of the second connecting pipe is connected to the air outlet of the first centrifugal fan through a connecting flange.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the multi-cyclone dust collector and the desulfurization box are connected by a pipeline, one end of the steam delivery pipe is welded to the top of the steam water tank, the other end of the steam delivery pipe is fixedly connected to the air inlet of the second generator through a connecting flange, one end of the fifth connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the air outlet of the second generator through a connecting flange, the other end of the fifth connecting pipe is welded to one end of the second serpentine heat exchange tube, and the other end of the second serpentine heat exchange tube is welded to the condensate delivery pipe.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the water pump is installed on the top of the second heat exchange box by bolts, and the water pump is connected to the steam water tank through a sixth connecting pipe.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the control box is electrically connected to the first centrifugal fan, the second centrifugal fan and the liquid level sensor respectively.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, an air pressure sensor and a liquid level sensor are installed on the steam water tank. The air pressure sensor is electrically connected to the first centrifugal fan and the second centrifugal fan through a controller, and the liquid level sensor is electrically connected to the water pump through a controller.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the coal-fired steam boiler can use the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion furnace to generate mechanical electricity through the generator, and also use the heat exchange equipment to exchange the heat in the exhaust gas to heat the air, and use the blower to draw the air containing heat into the combustion furnace, thereby improving the combustion efficiency and saving the use of coal. It can also collect the unburned carbon dust in the exhaust gas and then transport it to the combustion furnace, saving the amount of carbon. The steam generated by the steam water tank can be used for heat exchange to heat the water in the auxiliary water tank, and the water in the auxiliary water tank is used to supply the steam water tank, so as to maintain a constant supply of hot water in the steam water tank, prevent dry burning, and also improve the heating efficiency of the water in the steam water tank. It can also generate electricity through steam, so that resources can be reasonably reused. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0015] In the figure: steam water tank 1, combustion furnace 2, exhaust pipe 3, first generator 4, first connecting pipe 5, first heat exchange box 6, multi-cyclone dust collector 7, desulfurization box 8, chimney 9, first centrifugal fan 10, second connecting pipe 11, third connecting pipe 12, second centrifugal fan 13, first serpentine heat exchange pipe 14, fourth connecting pipe 15, air inlet 16, power switch 17, second generator 18, second heat exchange box 19, fifth connecting pipe 20, sixth connecting pipe 21, steam delivery pipe 22, water pump 23, second serpentine heat exchange pipe 24, water inlet pipe 25, condensate delivery pipe 26, condensate storage tank 27, base 28. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more precise definition of the protection scope of the present invention.

[0017] Example: See Figure 1The present invention provides a technical solution: a high-efficiency and energy-saving coal-fired steam boiler, comprising a steam water tank 1 and a combustion furnace 2, the steam water tank 1 being installed on the top of the combustion furnace 2, a smoke exhaust pipe 3 being installed at the middle of the top of the combustion furnace 2, one end of the smoke exhaust pipe 3 being connected to a first generator 4, the first generator 4 being connected to a first heat exchange box 6 through a first connecting pipe 5, a first serpentine heat exchange pipe 14 being installed inside the first heat exchange box 6, the first serpentine heat exchange pipe 14 being connected to a multi-tube cyclone dust collector 7 through a fourth connecting pipe 15, the multi-tube cyclone dust collector 7 being connected to a desulfurization box 8, a chimney 9 being installed on the top of the desulfurization box 8, the multi-tube cyclone dust collector 7 being connected to the desulfurization box 8, a chimney 9 being installed on the top of the desulfurization box 8, a first centrifugal fan 10 being installed on the top of the multi-tube cyclone dust collector 7, a second connecting pipe 1 being installed on the first centrifugal fan 10 1. One end of the combustion furnace 2 is connected to the third connecting pipe 12, and the second centrifugal fan 13 is installed on the third connecting pipe 12. A steam delivery pipe 22 is connected to the top side of the steam water tank 1, and one end of the steam delivery pipe 22 is connected to the second generator 18. The second generator 18 is connected to the second heat exchange box 19 through the fifth connecting pipe 20. A second serpentine heat exchange tube 24 is installed inside the second heat exchange box 19. A water pump 23 is installed on the top side of the second heat exchange box 19, and the top of the water pump 23 is connected to the sixth connecting pipe 21. A second serpentine heat exchange tube 24 is installed inside the second heat exchange box 19, and the bottom of the second serpentine heat exchange tube 24 is connected to a condensate delivery pipe 26, and one end of the condensate delivery pipe 26 is connected to a condensate storage tank 27. A control box is provided at the bottom of the combustion furnace 2, and a power switch 17 is installed on the control box.

[0018] The steam water tank 1 is mounted on the top of the combustion furnace 2 by bolts, and the combustion furnace 2, the first generator 4, the first heat exchange box 6, the multi-cyclone dust collector 7, the desulfurization box 8, the second generator 18, the second heat exchange box 19 and the condensate storage tank 27 are all mounted on the top of the base 28 by bolts.

[0019] One end of the exhaust pipe 3 is welded to the middle of the top of the combustion furnace 2, and the other end of the exhaust pipe 3 is connected to the air inlet of the first generator 4 through a connecting flange. The first generator 4 is welded to the first serpentine heat exchange tube 14 through a first connecting pipe 5.

[0020] One end of the third connecting pipe 12 is welded to the side of the first heat exchange box 6, and the other end of the third connecting pipe 12 is welded to one end surface of the combustion furnace 2. The second centrifugal fan 13 is installed on the middle part of the third connecting pipe 12 through bolts and connecting flanges.

[0021] One end of the fourth connecting pipe 15 is welded to the other end of the first serpentine heat exchange tube 14, and the other end of the fourth connecting pipe 15 is welded to the air inlet of the multi-tube cyclone dust collector 7. The air inlet of the first centrifugal fan 10 is connected to the dust collecting bin of the multi-tube cyclone dust collector 7 through a connecting pipe. One end of the second connecting pipe 11 is welded to the third connecting pipe 12, and the other end of the second connecting pipe 11 is connected to the air outlet of the first centrifugal fan 10 through a connecting flange.

[0022] The multi-cyclone dust collector 7 and the desulfurization box 8 are connected by a pipeline. One end of the steam delivery pipe 22 is welded to the top of the steam water tank 1, and the other end of the steam delivery pipe 22 is fixedly connected to the air inlet of the second generator 18 through a connecting flange. One end of the fifth connecting pipe 20 is fixedly connected to the air outlet of the second generator 18 through a connecting flange, and the other end of the fifth connecting pipe 20 is welded to one end of the second serpentine heat exchange tube 24, and the other end of the second serpentine heat exchange tube 24 is welded to the condensate delivery pipe 26.

[0023] The water pump 23 is mounted on the top of the second heat exchange box 19 by means of bolts. The water pump 23 is connected to the steam water box 1 through a sixth connecting pipe 21 .

[0024] The control box is electrically connected to the first centrifugal fan 10 , the second centrifugal fan 13 and the liquid level sensor respectively.

[0025] A control system for a high-efficiency and energy-saving coal-fired steam boiler, wherein an air pressure sensor and a liquid level sensor are installed on the steam water tank 1, the air pressure sensor is electrically connected to the first centrifugal fan 10 and the second centrifugal fan 13 through a controller, and the liquid level sensor is electrically connected to the water pump 23 through the controller.

[0026] Working principle: A high-efficiency and energy-saving coal-fired steam boiler includes a steam water tank 1 and a combustion furnace 2. When in use, the steam water tank 1 is heated by the combustion furnace 2, and then the flue gas generated in the combustion furnace 2 is transported to the first generator 4 through the exhaust pipe 3. The strong airflow drives the fan blades inside the first generator 4 to rotate, thereby realizing mechanical energy power generation. After passing through the first generator 4, the flue gas is discharged into the first connecting pipe 5, and is transported to the first serpentine heat exchange tube 14 through the first connecting pipe 5. The first serpentine heat exchange tube 14 is heated by the waste heat of the flue gas, and then the second centrifugal fan 13 is powered on to suck the hot air in the first heat exchange box 6, and then the hot air is sucked out through the third centrifugal fan 13. The connecting pipe 12 is transported to the combustion furnace 2, so that the heat in the combustion furnace 2 will not decrease rapidly, the heating efficiency is improved, and the amount of carbon used is saved. The flue gas passing through the first serpentine heat exchange pipe 14 is then transported to the multi-tube cyclone dust collector 7 through the fourth connecting pipe 15. The carbon dust is collected by the multi-tube cyclone dust collector 7, and then the first centrifugal fan 10 is used to transport the carbon dust through the second connecting pipe 11 to the third connecting pipe 12, so that the unburned carbon dust is transported to the combustion furnace 2, saving the amount of carbon used in the combustion furnace 2 and achieving the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction. Finally, the exhaust gas is desulfurized by the desulfurization box 8 and then discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney 9. The steam water tank 1 is used to heat the water. When the water boils, steam is generated, which is transported to the second generator 18 through the steam delivery pipe 22. The steam drives the blades in the second generator 18 to rotate, thereby using mechanical energy to generate electricity. The steam discharged from the second generator 18 is then transported to the second serpentine heat exchange pipe 24 through the fifth connecting pipe 20. The second serpentine heat exchange pipe 24 is used to exchange heat to heat the water in the second heat exchange box 19. The steam in the second serpentine heat exchange pipe 24 is cooled to condensed water after heat exchange, and the condensed water is transported to the condensed water storage tank 27 through the condensed water delivery pipe 26. When the water level in the steam water tank 1 drops, the water level sensor senses the water level. Position, and the controller controls the water pump 23 to be powered on, so that the hot water in the second heat exchange box 19 is sucked into the steam water tank 1, thereby supplying hot water to the steam water tank 1 and improving the water heating efficiency in the steam water tank 1. An air pressure sensor is installed in the steam water tank 1, and the air pressure sensor is used to sense the air pressure in the steam water tank 1, and the controller controls the first centrifugal fan 10 and the second centrifugal fan 13 to be connected or disconnected from the power supply, thereby achieving the purpose of intelligent control. When the air pressure is insufficient, the power supply of the first centrifugal fan 10 and the second centrifugal fan 13 is turned on to improve the combustion efficiency. When the air pressure is high, the power supply of the first centrifugal fan 10 and the second centrifugal fan 13 is automatically disconnected.

[0027] This coal-fired steam boiler can use the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion furnace to generate mechanical electricity through the generator, and also use the heat exchange equipment to exchange the heat in the exhaust gas to heat the air, and use the blower to draw the hot air into the combustion furnace, thereby improving the combustion efficiency and saving the use of coal. It can also collect the unburned carbon dust in the exhaust gas and transport it to the combustion furnace, saving the amount of carbon. The steam generated by the steam water tank can be used for heat exchange to heat the water in the auxiliary water tank, and the water in the auxiliary water tank is used to supply the steam water tank, maintaining a constant supply of hot water in the steam water tank to prevent dry burning, and also improve the heating efficiency of the water in the steam water tank. It can also generate electricity through steam, so that resources can be reasonably reused.

[0028] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and all such variations and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency and energy-saving coal-fired steam boiler, comprising a steam water tank (1) and a combustion furnace (2), characterized in that: A steam water tank (1) is installed on the top of the combustion furnace (2), and a smoke exhaust pipe (3) is installed in the middle of the top of the combustion furnace (2). One end of the smoke exhaust pipe (3) is connected to the first generator (4), and the first generator (4) is connected to the first heat exchange box (6) through a first connecting pipe (5). A first serpentine heat exchange pipe (14) is installed inside the first heat exchange box (6), and the first serpentine heat exchange pipe (14) is connected to the multi-tube cyclone dust collector (7) through a fourth connecting pipe (15). The multi-tube cyclone dust collector (7) is connected to the desulfurization box (8), and a chimney ( 9), a first centrifugal fan (10) is installed on the top of the multi-cyclone dust collector (7), a second connecting pipe (11) is installed on the first centrifugal fan (10), one end of the second connecting pipe (11) is welded to the third connecting pipe (12), the other end of the second connecting pipe (11) is connected to the air outlet of the first centrifugal fan (10) through a connecting flange, one end of the combustion furnace (2) is connected to the third connecting pipe (12), a second centrifugal fan (13) is installed on the third connecting pipe (12), and one end of the third connecting pipe (12) is welded to the side of the first heat exchange box (6) The other end of the third connecting pipe (12) is welded to one end surface of the combustion furnace (2), the top side of the steam water tank (1) is connected to a steam delivery pipe (22), one end of the steam delivery pipe (22) is connected to a second generator (18), the second generator (18) is connected to a second heat exchange box (19) through a fifth connecting pipe (20), a second serpentine heat exchange pipe (24) is installed inside the second heat exchange box (19), a water pump (23) is installed on one side of the top of the second heat exchange box (19), the top of the water pump (23) is connected to a sixth connecting pipe (21), the water pump (2 3) connected to the steam water tank (1) through a sixth connecting pipe (21), the bottom of the second serpentine heat exchange tube (24) is connected to a condensate delivery pipe (26), one end of the condensate delivery pipe (26) is connected to a condensate storage tank (27), a control box is provided at the bottom of the combustion furnace (2), and a power switch (17) is installed on the control box; an air pressure sensor and a liquid level sensor are installed on the steam water tank (1), the air pressure sensor is electrically connected to the first centrifugal fan (10) and the second centrifugal fan (13) through a controller, and the liquid level sensor is electrically connected to the water pump (23) through a controller.

2. The high-efficiency and energy-saving coal-fired steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steam water tank (1) is mounted on the top of the combustion furnace (2) by means of bolts, and the combustion furnace (2), the first generator (4), the first heat exchange box (6), the multi-cyclone dust collector (7), the desulfurization box (8), the second generator (18), the second heat exchange box (19) and the condensate storage tank (27) are all mounted on the top of the base (28) by means of bolts.

3. The high-efficiency and energy-saving coal-fired steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the smoke exhaust pipe (3) is welded to the middle of the top end of the combustion furnace (2), and the other end of the smoke exhaust pipe (3) is connected to the air inlet of the first generator (4) through a connecting flange. The first generator (4) is welded to the first serpentine heat exchange tube (14) through a first connecting pipe (5).

4. The high-efficiency and energy-saving coal-fired steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second centrifugal fan (13) is mounted on the middle portion of the third connecting pipe (12) via bolts and a connecting flange.

5. The high-efficiency and energy-saving coal-fired steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the fourth connecting pipe (15) is welded to the other end of the first serpentine heat exchange pipe (14), and the other end of the fourth connecting pipe (15) is welded to the air inlet of the multi-tube cyclone dust collector (7), and the air inlet of the first centrifugal fan (10) is connected to the dust collecting bin of the multi-tube cyclone dust collector (7) through the connecting pipe.

6. The high-efficiency and energy-saving coal-fired steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-cyclone dust collector (7) and the desulfurization box (8) are connected by a pipeline, one end of the steam delivery pipe (22) is welded to the top of the steam water tank (1), the other end of the steam delivery pipe (22) is fixedly connected to the air inlet of the second generator (18) through a connecting flange, one end of the fifth connecting pipe (20) is fixedly connected to the air outlet of the second generator (18) through a connecting flange, the other end of the fifth connecting pipe (20) is welded to one end of the second serpentine heat exchange pipe (24), and the other end of the second serpentine heat exchange pipe (24) is welded to the condensate delivery pipe (26).

7. The high-efficiency and energy-saving coal-fired steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water pump (23) is mounted on the top of the second heat exchange box (19) by means of bolts.

8. The high-efficiency and energy-saving coal-fired steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control box is electrically connected to the first centrifugal fan (10), the second centrifugal fan (13) and the liquid level sensor respectively.

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