Beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter-wave wireless communications

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described, wherein a first wireless device and a second wireless device can establish communications using a first beam and a second beam. The first wireless device can perform a separate radio link monitoring (RLM) process to monitor the beam quality of each of a transmit beam and a receive beam used for communicating with the second wireless device. The separate RLM process can be used at the first wireless device to determine that one of the transmit beam or the receive beam is experiencing quality degradation or a radio link failure (RLF), and an RLF indication can be provided to the second wireless device.

Description

[0001] Cross-references

[0002] This patent application claims the benefits of the following applications: U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 966,511, filed by Raghavan et al. on January 27, 2020, entitled “Beam Failure Recovery Assistance In Upper Band Millimeter Wave Wirless Communications”; and U.S. Patent Application 17 / 156,789, filed by Raghavan et al. on January 25, 2021, entitled “Beam Failure Recovery Assistance In Upper Band Millimeter Wave Wirless Communications”, each of the above applications being assigned to the assignee of this application. Technical Field

[0003] The following relates to wireless communications, and more particularly, the following relates to techniques for beam failure recovery for uplink and downlink beams. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. These systems can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems (e.g., long term evolution (LTE) systems, improved LTE (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A professional systems) and fifth generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as new radio (NR) systems). These systems may use technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread spectrum orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations or one or more network access nodes, each base station or network access node simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices (which may be further referred to as user equipment (UE)). Summary of the invention

[0005] A method of wireless communication at a first wireless device is described. The method may include: establishing an uplink connection with a second wireless device using a first beam and establishing a downlink connection with the second wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam; initiating a first radio link monitoring procedure for the first beam on the uplink connection and initiating a second radio link monitoring procedure for the second beam on the downlink connection; and sending a radio link failure indication to the second wireless device based on a radio link failure, wherein the radio link failure is based on one or more of the first radio link monitoring procedure or the second radio link monitoring procedure.

[0006] An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device is described. The apparatus may include a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the processor and the memory configured to: establish an uplink connection with a second wireless device using a first beam and establish a downlink connection with the second wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam; initiate a first radio link monitoring procedure for the first beam on the uplink connection and initiate a second radio link monitoring procedure for the second beam on the downlink connection; and send a radio link failure indication to the second wireless device based on a radio link failure, wherein the radio link failure is based on one or more of the first radio link monitoring procedure or the second radio link monitoring procedure.

[0007] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device is described. The apparatus may include means for establishing an uplink connection with a second wireless device using a first beam and establishing a downlink connection with the second wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam. The apparatus may also include means for initiating a first radio link monitoring procedure for the first beam on the uplink connection and initiating a second radio link monitoring procedure for the second beam on the downlink connection. The apparatus may also include means for sending a radio link failure indication to the second wireless device based on a radio link failure, wherein the radio link failure is based on one or more of the first radio link monitoring procedure or the second radio link monitoring procedure.

[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a first wireless device is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to establish an uplink connection with a second wireless device using a first beam and to establish a downlink connection with the second wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam. The code may also include instructions executable by the processor to initiate a first radio link monitoring procedure for the first beam on the uplink connection and to initiate a second radio link monitoring procedure for the second beam on the downlink connection. The code may also include instructions executable by the processor to send a radio link failure indication to the second wireless device based on a radio link failure, wherein the radio link failure is based on one or more of the first radio link monitoring procedure or the second radio link monitoring procedure.

[0009] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first radio link monitoring process is independent of the second radio link monitoring process.

[0010] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, one or more of the first radio link monitoring process or the second radio link monitoring process may include operations, features, units, or instructions for performing the following operations: measuring an associated metric of the first beam or the second beam for the one or more reference signals associated with the first beam or the second beam, the associated metric including at least one of RSRP, RSRQ, SNR, SINR, or RSSI; and determining that the associated metric for the one or more reference signals has fallen below a threshold value for at least a configured number of occasions.

[0011] In some examples of methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, one or more of the threshold value of the associated metric or the configured number of opportunities is different for the first beam and the second beam. In some examples of methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the radio link failure indication for the second beam is reported as a downlink control channel failure, and the radio link failure indication for the second beam is sent to the second wireless device using the first beam. In some examples of methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the radio link failure indication provides one or more candidate beams for a beam training process.

[0012] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, units, or instructions for performing the following operations: receiving a beam training indication from the second wireless device in response to the radio link failure indication, the beam training indication providing resources and beam information for the beam training process; and initiating the beam training process in response to the beam training indication. Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, units, or instructions for performing the following operations: measuring one or more reference signals from one or more training beams received from the second wireless device; and sending a measurement report to the second wireless device based on the measurement.

[0013] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the sending of the radio link failure indication may include operations, features, units, or instructions for performing the following operations: determining that a triggering event has occurred based on one or more counters associated with one or more beam quality thresholds; and sending the radio link failure indication in response to the occurrence of the triggering event. In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the sending of the radio link failure indication may include operations, features, units, or instructions for performing the following operations: reporting an indication of whether the metric associated with the second beam has fallen below a threshold value based on one or more indications that the metric associated with the second beam has fallen below the threshold value for use in a beam recovery process.

[0014] In some examples of methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, one or more of the first beam or the second beam uses a millimeter wave band including a frequency greater than 24.25 GHz. In some examples of methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first wireless device is a UE, a base station, a customer premises equipment (CPE), a relay device, a router, a repeater, or an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, and the second wireless device is a UE, a base station, a CPE, a relay device, a router, a repeater, or an IAB node.

[0015] A method of wireless communication at a second wireless device is described. The method may include: establishing an uplink connection with a first wireless device using a first beam and establishing a downlink connection with the first wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam; sending signaling to the first wireless device, the signaling having one or more radio link monitoring parameters for each of a first radio link monitoring process associated with the first beam and a second radio link monitoring process associated with the second beam, wherein the first RLM process is different from the second RLM process; receiving a radio link failure indication from the first wireless device indicating that one or more of the first beam or the second beam has a radio link failure; and initiating a beam recovery process with the first wireless device in response to receiving the radio link failure indication.

[0016] An apparatus for wireless communication at a second wireless device is described. The apparatus may include a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the processor and the memory being configured to: establish an uplink connection with a first wireless device using a first beam and establish a downlink connection with the first wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam; send signaling to the first wireless device, the signaling having one or more radio link monitoring parameters for each of a first radio link monitoring process associated with the first beam and a second radio link monitoring process associated with the second beam, wherein the first RLM process is different from the second RLM process; receive a radio link failure indication from the first wireless device indicating that one or more of the first beam or the second beam has a radio link failure; and initiate a beam recovery process with the first wireless device in response to receiving the radio link failure indication.

[0017] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a second wireless device is described. The apparatus may include means for establishing an uplink connection with a first wireless device using a first beam and establishing a downlink connection with the first wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam. The apparatus may also include means for sending signaling to the first wireless device, the signaling having one or more radio link monitoring parameters for each of a first radio link monitoring procedure associated with the first beam and a second radio link monitoring procedure associated with the second beam, wherein the first RLM procedure is different from the second RLM procedure. The apparatus may also include means for receiving, from the first wireless device, a radio link failure indication indicating that one or more of the first beam or the second beam has a radio link failure. The apparatus may also include means for initiating a beam recovery procedure with the first wireless device in response to receiving the radio link failure indication.

[0018] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a second wireless device is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to establish an uplink connection with a first wireless device using a first beam and to establish a downlink connection with the first wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam. The code may also include instructions executable by the processor to send signaling to the first wireless device, the signaling having one or more radio link monitoring parameters for each of a first radio link monitoring process associated with the first beam and a second radio link monitoring process associated with the second beam, wherein the first RLM process is different from the second RLM process. The code may also include instructions executable by the processor to receive a radio link failure indication from the first wireless device indicating that one or more of the first beam or the second beam has a radio link failure. The code may also include instructions executable by the processor to initiate a beam recovery process with the first wireless device in response to receiving the radio link failure indication.

[0019] In some examples of methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first radio link monitoring process is independent of the second radio link monitoring process. In some examples of methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the one or more radio link monitoring parameters include: one or more threshold values ​​of a reference signal received power associated with one or more of the first beam or the second beam, a number of opportunities when the reference signal received power drops below the one or more threshold values, or any combination thereof.

[0020] In some examples of methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, one or more of the threshold value or the number of opportunities is different for the first beam and the second beam. In some examples of methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the radio link failure indication for the second beam is reported as a downlink control channel failure, and the radio link failure indication for the second beam is received from the first wireless device via the first beam. In some examples of methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the radio link failure indication provides one or more candidate beams for a beam training process.

[0021] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the initiating the beam recovery process may include operations, features, units, or instructions for performing the following operations: sending a beam training indication to the first wireless device, the beam training indication providing resources and beam information for the beam training process; and initiating the beam training process in response to the beam training indication. Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, units, or instructions for performing the following operations: sending one or more training beams to the first wireless device; and receiving a measurement report from the first wireless device, the measurement report indicating one or more measurements associated with the one or more training beams.

[0022] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving the radio link failure indication may include operations, features, units, or instructions for performing the following operations: receiving two or more indications of whether a reference signal received power associated with the second beam is above or below a threshold value; and determining to initiate the beam recovery process based on the two or more indications showing that the reference signal received power associated with the second beam may have dropped below the threshold value.

[0023] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, one or more of the first beam or the second beam uses a millimeter wave band including a frequency greater than 24.25 GHz. In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first wireless device is a UE, a base station, a CPE, a relay device, a router, a repeater, or an IAB node, and the second wireless device is a UE, a base station, a CPE, a relay device, a router, a repeater, or an IAB node. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 An example of a system for wireless communications supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter-wave wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0025] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication device with multiple antenna arrays supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter-wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0026] Figure 3 An example of a wireless communication system supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter-wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0027] Figure 4 An example of a process flow supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter-wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0028] Figure 5 and 6 A block diagram of a device supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter-wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0029] Figure 7 A block diagram of a communication manager supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter-wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0030] Figure 8 A diagram of a system including a device supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter-wave wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0031] Fig. 9 and 10 A block diagram of a device supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter-wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0032] Fig.11 A block diagram of a communication manager supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter-wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0033] Fig.12 A diagram of a system including a device supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter-wave wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0034] Figures 13 to 17 A flow chart illustrating a method of supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter-wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In some deployments, wireless communication systems may operate in the millimeter wave (mmW) frequency range (e.g., 24 GHz, 24.25 GHz, 26 GHz, 28 GHz, 39 GHz, 52.6–71 GHz, etc.). Wireless communication at these frequencies may be associated with increased signal attenuation (e.g., path loss, penetration loss, blocking loss), which may be affected by various factors, such as diffraction, propagation environment, blocking density, material properties, etc. Therefore, signal processing techniques (such as beamforming) can be used to coherently combine energy and overcome path losses at these frequencies. Due to the increased number of paths, penetration, and blocking losses in mmW communication systems, transmissions between wireless devices (e.g., from base stations and / or UEs) may be beamformed. In addition, the receiving device may use beamforming techniques to configure antennas and / or antenna arrays and / or antenna array modules so that transmissions are received in a directional manner.

[0036] In some deployments, communications in mmW frequencies may utilize so-called frequency range 2 (FR2), which corresponds to deployments of 24–52.6 GHz (e.g., 24 GHz, 26 GHz, 28 GHz, 39 GHz, etc.). As demand for wireless communications increases, additional mmW frequencies, such as frequency range 4 (FR4) (also informally referred to as the upper mmW band), may be desired for some deployments, which may be associated with frequencies of 52.6 GHz and higher. In many FR2 deployments, wireless devices use antenna modules that include multiple antenna elements, such as an array of four antenna elements per module in a 4x1 array arrangement, as well as other example configurations. The upper mmW band has a shorter wavelength, and therefore more antenna elements can be placed in the same physical aperture in FR4 than in FR2. For example, a FR4 device may have multiple antenna modules, each containing four 4x4 subarrays. In some cases, it may be easier for a wireless device (e.g., UE) to use or manage some possible combinations of antenna elements across subarrays within an antenna module or across antenna modules than to use or manage other combinations of antenna elements.

[0037] In some cases, different antenna elements within an antenna module or across one or more different antenna modules may be used to transmit and receive communications. For example, power constraints, thermal management, or maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limitations may result in a transmit beam at a wireless device that is different from a receive beam at the wireless device, resulting in a transmit beam (e.g., an uplink beam) that is decoupled from a receive beam (e.g., a downlink beam). In one or more aspects, when reference is made to decoupled beams, reference is made to transmit and receive beams that are not quasi-colocated (QCL) at the wireless device, use different beamforming parameters, use different antenna elements or different antenna modules, or any combination thereof. Such decoupled beams may provide additional flexibility in beam management to the wireless device by allowing, for example, management of power control (e.g., by using fewer transmit antenna elements / modules than receive antenna elements / modules), management of thermal aspects (e.g., by cutting off transmission at antenna modules approaching thermal limits or using fewer antenna elements), management of MPE (e.g., by using antenna modules that reduce radio frequency (RF) exposure), etc. When decoupled beams are used, in one or more aspects, the beam training process used to identify the preferred receive beam (e.g., the P1 / P2 / P3 beam training process in NR) may not be useful for identifying the transmit beam, and therefore additional beam training may be performed to establish the transmit and receive beams. Additionally, in the event of a beam failure of one of the beams, the other beam may not experience the same failure and may continue to support communications.

[0038] Various aspects of the present disclosure provide that a first wireless device may perform a separate radio link monitoring (RLM) process to monitor beam quality of both a transmit beam and a receive beam for communication with a second wireless device (e.g., an uplink or downlink transmission that has been beamformed). For example, a first RLM process for monitoring the beam quality of a transmit beam may be different from a second RLM process for monitoring the beam quality of a receive beam (e.g., may have different or separate RLM monitoring parameters, or may be an independent process (e.g., one process does not depend on the other process)), or vice versa. A separate RLM process may be used at the first wireless device to determine that one of the transmit beam or the receive beam is experiencing quality degradation or radio link failure based on one or more RLM parameters or metrics, and a radio link failure (RLF) indication may be provided to the second wireless device. The RLF indication may indicate one or more of the metrics for which the RLF has been satisfied. In the case of indicating the RLF of the receive beam, the transmit beam may be used to provide the RLF indication. In the case of indicating RLF of a transmit beam, the indication may be provided using a random access channel resource, or in some cases, the indication may be provided in a separate low frequency band (e.g., FR1) connection between the wireless devices. In response to the RLF indication, the second wireless device may initiate a beam recovery process (such as a beam training process) to identify a suitable beam for further communication. In some cases, the RLF indication may provide information about one or more preferred beams, and a beam training process may be determined based on the one or more preferred beams, which may allow for a more efficient beam training process. In some cases, the first wireless device may provide an indication of whether the beam quality is above or below a threshold in a communication with the second wireless device, and the RLF may be triggered based on the number of times the beam quality drops below the threshold. The first wireless device and the second wireless device may be any wireless device used in a wireless communication system, such as a UE, a base station, a CPE, a relay device, a router, a repeater, or an IAB node.

[0039] Such techniques may be used to indicate RLF of one or more beams and facilitate efficient recovery from such RLF. Thus, providing an indication of RLF may allow communications to be configured to provide enhanced efficiency and reliability while allowing the wireless device to select antenna components (e.g., antenna elements or modules for beamforming communications) that may be preferred at the wireless device. For example, the RLF may indicate a preferred beam or candidate beam for a beam recovery process (e.g., a beam that has not satisfied one or more of the RLF metrics used for RLF determination), which may be selected to help reduce power consumption, manage thermal aspects of RF components, manage which antenna arrays or modules are active, and the like.

[0040] Various aspects of the present disclosure are first described in the context of a wireless communication system. Examples of antenna modules and beam failure recovery assistance are then discussed for some aspects. Various aspects of the present disclosure are further illustrated and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flow diagrams relating to beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter-wave wireless communications.

[0041] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system 100 supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more base stations 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be an LTE network, an LTE-A network, an LTE-A professional network, or a new radio (NR) network. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission-critical) communications, low-latency communications, or communications with low-cost and low-complexity devices, or any combination thereof.

[0042] Base stations 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form wireless communication system 100, and may be devices of different forms or capabilities. Base stations 105 and UEs 115 may communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125. Each base station 105 may provide a coverage area 110 over which UEs 115 and base stations 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. Coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which base stations 105 and UEs 115 may support transmission of signals according to one or more radio access technologies.

[0043] UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, mobile, or both at different times. UEs 115 may be devices of different forms or with different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UEs 115 are shown in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein can communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115, base stations 105, or network devices (e.g., core network nodes, relay devices, repeater devices, CPE, IAB nodes, router devices, or other network devices), such as Figure 1 shown.

[0044] The base station 105 can communicate with the core network 130, or communicate with each other, or perform the above two operations. For example, the base station 105 can be connected to the core network 130 in an interface manner via one or more backhaul links 120 (e.g., via S1, N2, N3 or other interfaces). The base station 105 can communicate with each other directly (e.g., directly between the base stations 105) on the backhaul link 120 (e.g., via X2, Xn or other interfaces), or communicate with each other indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130), or perform the above two operations. In some examples, the backhaul link 120 can be or include one or more wireless links. In some examples, one or more base stations 105 can provide a backhaul connection between another base station 105 and the core network 130 via a backhaul link 160 while acting as an IAB node. The UE 115 can communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 135.

[0045] One or more of the base stations 105 described herein may include or may be referred to by one of ordinary skill in the art as a base station transceiver, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), a next generation Node B, or a Gigabit Node B (any of which may be referred to as a gNB), a Home Node B, a Home Evolved Node B, or some other appropriate terminology.

[0046] UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other appropriate terminology, where a "device" may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. UE 115 may also include or be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communication (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various items such as appliances, or vehicles, meters, and among other examples.

[0047] The UE 115 described herein is capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115, which may sometimes act as repeaters, routers, or CPE, as well as base stations 105 and network devices, including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, IAB nodes or relay base stations, and other examples, such as Figure 1 as shown in .

[0048] The UE 115 and the base station 105 can communicate with each other wirelessly via one or more communication links 125 on one or more carriers. The term "carrier" refers to a set of radio frequency spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting the communication link 125. For example, the carrier used for the communication link 125 may include a portion of a radio frequency spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) that operates according to one or more physical layer channels of a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A professional, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling for coordinating the operation of the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communication system 100 may support communication with the UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. According to the carrier aggregation configuration, the UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplex (FDD) component carriers and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers.

[0049] The communication link 125 shown in the wireless communication system 100 may include an uplink transmission from the UE 115 to the base station 105, or a downlink transmission from the base station 105 to the UE 115. A carrier may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in FDD mode) or may be configured to carry both downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in TDD mode).

[0050] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of a radio frequency spectrum, and in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a "system bandwidth" of the carrier or wireless communication system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a plurality of determined bandwidths of a carrier for a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz)). A device of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., a base station 105, a UE 115, or both) may have a hardware configuration that supports communication on a particular carrier bandwidth, or may be configurable to support communication on one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include a base station 105 or a UE 115 that supports simultaneous communication via carriers associated with a plurality of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured to operate on a portion (e.g., a subband, a BWP) or all of a carrier bandwidth.

[0051] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified with the frequency range names FR1 (410 MHz–7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz–52.6 GHz). It should be understood that FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles, even though a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz. A similar naming issue sometimes arises with respect to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, even though it is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz–300 GHz), which is identified as a “millimeter wave” band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0052] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-bands. Recent 5G NR research has identified operating bands for these mid-bands as the frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz–24.25 GHz). Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and may therefore effectively extend the characteristics of FR1 and / or FR2 to the mid-bands. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operations beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as the frequency range designations FR4a or FR4–1 (52.6 GHz–71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz–114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz–300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0053] In view of the above, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that if the term "sub-6 GHz" or the like is used herein, it can be broadly referred to as a frequency that can be less than 6 GHz, can be within FR1, or can include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that if the term "millimeter wave" or the like is used herein, it can be broadly referred to as a frequency that can include mid-band frequencies, can be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1 and / or FR5, or can be within the EHF band.

[0054] The signal waveform transmitted on the carrier may be composed of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multicarrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or DFT-s-OFDM). In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may be composed of a symbol period (e.g., the duration of a modulation symbol) and a subcarrier, wherein the symbol period and the subcarrier spacing are inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both). Therefore, the more resource elements received by UE 115 and the higher the order of the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate for UE 115 can be. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of radio frequency spectrum resources, time resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial layers may further increase the data rate or data integrity used for communication with UE 115.

[0055] The basic time unit (which may be referred to as T s =1 / (Δf max ·N f ) seconds sampling period, where Δf max It can represent the maximum supported subcarrier spacing, and N f The time intervals for the base station 105 or the UE 115 may be expressed as multiples of a maximum supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size). The time intervals of the communication resources may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0056] Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, the frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into multiple time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include multiple symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix added in front of each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, the time slots may be further divided into multiple micro-time slots containing one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may contain one or more (e.g., N f The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0057] A subframe, slot, mini-slot, or symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communication system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of a shortened TTI (sTTI)).

[0058] Physical channels may be multiplexed on a carrier according to various techniques. For example, one or more of a time division multiplexing (TDM) technique, a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) technique, or a hybrid TDM-FDM technique may be used to multiplex physical control channels and physical data channels on a downlink carrier. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) for a physical control channel may be defined by a plurality of symbol periods and may extend over a system bandwidth or a subset of a system bandwidth of a carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search a control region for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. The aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to the number of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with coded information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space sets may include a common search space set configured for transmitting control information to multiple UEs 115 and a UE-specific search space set for transmitting control information to a specific UE 115 .

[0059] In some examples, base stations 105 may be mobile and, therefore, provide communication coverage for mobile geographic coverage areas 110. In some examples, different geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same base station 105. In other examples, overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different base stations 105. The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of base stations 105 provide coverage for respective geographic coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.

[0060] Some UEs 115 (e.g., MTC or IoT devices) may be low-cost or low-complexity devices and may provide automated communication between machines (e.g., via machine-to-machine (M2M) communication). M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technology that allows devices to communicate with each other or base station 105 without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application that utilizes the information or presents the information to a human interacting with the application. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or implement automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, climate and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business billing.

[0061] The wireless communication system 100 can be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communication system 100 can be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) or mission-critical communication. UE115 can be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency or critical functions (e.g., mission-critical functions). Ultra-reliable communication can include private communication or group communication, and can be supported by one or more mission-critical services (such as mission-critical push-to-talk (MCPTT), mission-critical video (MCVideo), or mission-critical data (MCData). Support for mission-critical functions can include prioritization of services, and mission-critical services can be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, mission-critical, and ultra-reliable low-latency can be used interchangeably in this article.

[0062] In some examples, UE 115 can also communicate directly with other UE 115 on a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 155 (e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or D2D protocol). One or more UEs 115 utilizing D2D communication can be within a geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 105. Other UEs 115 in such a group can be outside the geographic coverage area 110 of the base station 105, or otherwise unable to receive transmissions from the base station 105. In some examples, multiple groups of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communication can utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system, wherein each UE 115 transmits to each other UE 115 in the group. In some examples, the base station 105 facilitates the scheduling of resources for D2D communication. In other cases, D2D communication is performed between UEs 115 without involving the base station 105.

[0063] In some systems, the D2D communication link 155 can be an example of a communication channel (such as a sidelink communication channel) between vehicles (e.g., UE 115). In some examples, the vehicle can communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, or some combination of these communications. The vehicle can signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergency situations, or any other information related to the V2X system. In some examples, the vehicle in the V2X system can communicate with roadside infrastructure (such as a roadside unit), or communicate with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., base station 105) using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication, or communicate with both.

[0064] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connection, and other access, routing or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function unit (AMF)) for managing access and mobility and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function unit (UPF)) for routing or interconnecting packets to an external network. The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for UE 115 served by a base station 105 associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transmitted through user plane entities, which may provide IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to a network operator IP service 150. The operator IP service 150 may include access to the Internet, an intranet, an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS), or a packet-switched streaming service.

[0065] Some of the network devices (e.g., base stations 105) may include subcomponents such as access network entities 140, which may be examples of access node controllers (ANCs). Each access network entity 140 may communicate with the UE 115 through one or more other access network transport entities 145 (which may be referred to as radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmit / receive points (TRPs)). Each access network transport entity 145 may include one or more antenna panels. In some configurations, the various functions of each access network entity 140 or base station 105 may be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio heads and ANCs) or merged into a single network device (e.g., base station 105).

[0066] The wireless communication system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, sometimes in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). In some examples, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is referred to as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, but the waves may be sufficient to penetrate structures for macro cells to provide service to UEs 115 located indoors. Transmissions using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter distances (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to transmissions using smaller frequencies and longer waves in the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

[0067] The wireless communication system 100 may also operate in an ultra-high frequency (SHF) region using a frequency band from 3 GHz to 30 GHz (also referred to as a centimeter band) or in an EHF region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz) (also referred to as a millimeter band). In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between UE 115 and base station 105, and the EHF antennas of the corresponding devices may be even smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, this may facilitate the use of antenna arrays within the device. However, the propagation of EHF transmissions may suffer from even greater atmospheric attenuation and shorter distances than SHF or UHF transmissions. The technology disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions using one or more different frequency regions, and the designated use of frequency bands across these frequency regions may differ according to countries or regulatory agencies.

[0068] The wireless communication system 100 can utilize both licensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 can employ license assisted access (LAA), LTE unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in an unlicensed band (such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band). When operating in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band, devices (such as base stations 105 and UEs 115) can employ carrier sensing for conflict detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations in unlicensed bands can be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in combination with component carriers operating in a licensed band (e.g., LAA). Operations in unlicensed spectrum can include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, as well as other examples.

[0069] The base station 105 or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ technologies such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of the base station 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels (which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming). For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with the base station 105 may be located at different geographical locations. The base station 105 may have an antenna array having multiple rows and columns of antenna ports that the base station 105 may use to support beamforming for communications with the UE 115. Similarly, the UE 115 may have one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support radio frequency beamforming for signals sent via the antenna ports.

[0070] The base station 105 or UE 115 can use MIMO communication to exploit multipath signal propagation and improve spectral efficiency by sending or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such a technology may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. For example, a transmitting device may send multiple signals via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Similarly, a receiving device may receive multiple signals via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry bits associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO technology includes single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) (where multiple spatial layers are sent to the same receiving device) and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) (where multiple spatial layers are sent to multiple devices).

[0071] Beamforming (which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a base station 105, a UE 115) to form or direct an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals transmitted via antenna elements of an antenna array so that some signals propagating in a specific orientation relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to signals transmitted via antenna elements may include the transmitting device or the receiving device applying an amplitude offset, a phase offset, or both to signals carried via antenna elements associated with the device. Adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a set of beamforming weights associated with a specific orientation (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting device or the receiving device, or relative to some other orientation).

[0072] As part of the beamforming operation, the base station 105 or the UE 115 may use beam scanning techniques. For example, the base station 105 may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to perform beamforming operations for directional communications with the UE 115. The base station 105 may send some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) multiple times in different directions. For example, the base station 105 may send signals based on different sets of beamforming weights associated with different transmission directions. Transmissions in different beam directions may be used (e.g., by a transmitting device (such as the base station 105) or by a receiving device (such as the UE 115)) to identify a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the base station 105.

[0073] Base station 105 may transmit some signals (e.g., data signals associated with a particular receiving device (e.g., UE 115)) in a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device). In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmission along the single beam direction may be determined based on signals transmitted in one or more beam directions. For example, UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by base station 105 in different directions and may report to base station 105 an indication of the signal received by UE 115 having the highest signal quality or otherwise acceptable signal quality.

[0074] In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a base station 105 or a UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from the base station 105 to the UE 115) using a combination of digital precoding or radio frequency beamforming. The UE 115 may report feedback indicating precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured number of beams across the system bandwidth or one or more subbands. The base station 105 may send reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS)) that may be precoded or not precoded. The UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type of codebook, a linear combination type of codebook, a port selection type of codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals sent by base station 105 in one or more directions, UE 115 may employ similar techniques to send signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., to identify a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by UE 115) or to send signals in a single direction (e.g., to send data to a receiving device).

[0075] When receiving various signals (such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) from the base station 105, the receiving device (e.g., UE 115) can try multiple reception configurations (e.g., directional listening). For example, the receiving device can try multiple reception directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing the received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different reception beamforming weight sets applied to the signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array (e.g., different directional listening weight sets), or by processing the received signals according to different reception beamforming weight sets applied to the signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array (any of the above operations may be referred to as "listening" according to different reception configurations or reception directions). In some examples, the receiving device can use a single reception configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). A single receive configuration may be aligned on a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have the highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0076] The UE 115 may include one or more antenna modules, which may include a relatively large number of antenna elements for mmW communication via one or more uplink beams and one or more downlink beams, and may be an example of a first wireless device as discussed herein. The UE communication manager 101 may manage mmW communications and, in some cases, may initiate separate (e.g., with different or independent RLM parameters) RLM processes for uplink and downlink beams. In the event that one or more RLM processes indicate RLF, the UE communication manager 101 may send an indication of the RLF to a second wireless device (e.g., a base station 105). In some cases, the second wireless device may initiate a beam recovery process based on the RLF indication.

[0077] One or more of the base stations 105 may be examples of a second wireless device as discussed herein, and may include a base station communication manager 102. The base station communication manager 102 may configure a first wireless device (e.g., UE 115) with one or more RLM parameters for each of two or more RLM processes at the first wireless device, and may receive an RLF indication from the first wireless device indicating that one or more beams have had RLF. Additionally or alternatively, configuring the first wireless device with the one or more RLM parameters may include sending signaling (e.g., beam management configuration signaling, radio resource control (RRC) signaling, DCI, etc.) including one or more radio link parameters. In response to the RLF indication, the base station communication manager 102 may initiate a beam recovery process with the first wireless device, such as a beam training process, which may be used to determine one or more beams to be used for communication using one or more different antenna element groups at the first wireless device.

[0078] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication device 200 with multiple antenna arrays supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter-wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. In some examples, the wireless communication device 200 can implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100. In this example, the wireless communication device 200 can be a UE 115-a, but in other cases, the wireless communication device 200 can be a different device, such as a CPE, a relay device, a router, a repeater, or an IAB node.

[0079] In this example, UE 115-a includes a plurality of different antenna modules, including a first antenna module 205, a second antenna module 210, and a third antenna module 215. Each antenna module in the antenna modules 205 to 215 may include a plurality of subarrays 220 of antenna elements. In this example, the first antenna module 205 may include four subarrays 220, including a first subarray 220-a, a second subarray 220-b, a third subarray 220-c, and a fourth subarray 220-d. Each subarray 220 in this example may include 16 individual antenna elements 225 arranged in a 4x4 array configuration. In some cases, each antenna element 225 may be a patch antenna element configured to communicate in a high-band mmW deployment. In some cases, the spacing of the antenna elements 225 within each subarray 220 may be configured to provide efficient analog beamforming at wavelengths associated with high-band mmW communications. In addition, in this example, each subarray 220 may include an associated radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) 230.

[0080] exist Figure 2 In the example of , the second antenna module 210 may also include multiple subarrays 235, including a fifth subarray 235-a and a sixth subarray 235-b. In this example, the fifth subarray 235-a includes eight antenna elements arranged in a 4x2 array configuration, and the sixth subarray 235-b includes four antenna elements arranged in a 4x1 array configuration. In this case, a single RFIC (RFIC5) 240 may be coupled to the subarray 235, but multiple RFICs may be used or the RFIC may be shared with one or more other antenna modules in the antenna module 205 or 215. Although the antenna module 210 is shown as having multiple subarrays 235 of different sizes, other examples may have the same number of subarrays 235, each of which has the same size (e.g., four 4x4 antenna subarrays, similar to that shown in the first antenna module 205). The techniques discussed herein may be applied to any number of antenna modules 205 to 215, any number of subarrays included in each antenna module, any number of antennas per subarray, or any combination thereof.

[0081] As discussed herein, a wireless device may use multiple RFICs 230 and associated antenna subarrays 220 at different times. Figure 2In some cases, where the wireless device is a UE 115-a, it may be desirable to operate using a subset of antenna modules 205-215, using a subset of antenna subarrays 220 and associated RFICs 230, using a subset of antenna elements 225 within one or more subarrays 220, or any combination thereof. For example, such operation may allow the UE 115-a to manage power consumption in order to reduce the power used by RF components. In other cases, in addition to or in lieu of power consumption considerations, the UE 115-a may determine that one or more MPE limitations, one or more thermal limitations, or a combination thereof make it desirable to use certain groups of antenna elements 225 of one or more subarrays 220. Thus, even if a relatively large number of antenna elements 225 are available at the UE 115-a, not all of the elements may be used at any particular moment.

[0082] In some cases, UE 115-a may use decoupled uplink and downlink beams, and may perform separate RLM processes (e.g., different, independent, etc.) for the uplink and downlink beams. A separate RLM process may be used to determine that one of the uplink or downlink beams is experiencing quality degradation or RLF, and an RLF indication may be provided to a second wireless device (such as a serving base station). In the case where RLF of a downlink beam is indicated, the RLF indication may be provided using the uplink beam. In the case where RLF of an uplink beam is indicated, the indication may be provided using random access channel (RACH) resources (e.g., in a random access request indicating RLF and sent using the indicated random access resources), or in some cases, the indication may be provided in a separate low frequency band (e.g., FR1) connection between UE 115-a and the second wireless device. In response to the RLF indication, the second wireless device may initiate a beam recovery process (such as a beam training process) to identify a suitable beam for additional communications. Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 Various examples of RLF determination, RLF indication, and beam recovery procedures are discussed.

[0083] Figure 3 An example of a wireless communication system 300 that supports beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. In some examples, the wireless communication system 300 can implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100. In some examples, the wireless communication system 300 can include a UE 115-b and a base station 105-a, which can be referenced Figure 1-21 and 105. In addition, UE 115-b can be an example of a first wireless device and base station 105-a can be an example of a second wireless device. UE 115-b and base station 105-a can communicate using beamforming communications, wherein UE 115-b sends uplink communications 305 to base station 105-a and base station 105-a sends downlink communications 310 to UE 115-b.

[0084] In some cases, UE 115-b may include a relatively large number of antenna elements that may be distributed across one or more antenna subarrays and one or more antenna modules and used for high-band mmW beamforming communications. In some cases, UE 115-b and base station 105-a may establish a connection in which uplink communications 305 use uplink beams and downlink communications 310 use downlink beams, wherein the uplink beams and downlink beams are decoupled. A beam training process may be used to establish uplink and downlink beams, in which different base station beams 325 and different UE beams 330 may be tested and measured to identify a preferred beam for communication. For example, UE 115-b may use multiple UE beams 330 to measure reference signals 320 of multiple base station beams 325 and select a preferred beam, and provide feedback to base station 105-a on the selected beam, for example, via a selected transmission configuration indication (TCI) state. In some cases, UE 115-b may send a CSI measurement report to base station 105-a based on measurements of the beam training process.In some cases, the uplink beam and the downlink beam may have a TCI state that is not QCL, and thus the beams are decoupled.

[0085] Such decoupled beams can provide the UE 115-b with additional flexibility in beam management by allowing, for example, managing power control (e.g., by using fewer transmit antenna elements / modules than receive antenna elements / modules), managing thermal aspects (e.g., by cutting off transmission at antenna modules approaching thermal limits or using fewer antenna elements), managing MPE (e.g., by using antenna modules with reduced RF exposure), etc. When decoupled beams are used, separate beam training processes (e.g., P1 / P2 / P3 beam training processes in NR) can be used to identify preferred uplink and downlink beams. Additionally, in the event of a beam failure of one of the beams, the other beam may not experience the same failure and can continue to support communications.

[0086] In some cases, when different uplink and downlink beams are established for communication between UE 115-b and base station 105-a, UE 115-b may initiate separate (e.g., different, independent, etc.) RLM processes for each of the uplink beam and the downlink beam. The separate RLM processes may be used to monitor the beam quality of both the uplink beam and the downlink beam, and may be used at UE 115-b to determine that one of the uplink beam or the downlink beam is experiencing quality degradation or RLF. Based on determining quality degradation that exceeds a threshold, an RLF indication 315 may be provided to base station 105-a. In the event that an RLF of a receive beam is indicated, the RLF indication 315 may be provided using the transmit beam used for uplink communication 305. In the event that the RLF of the transmit beam is determined, the RLF indication 315 may be provided using a random access channel resource (e.g., a FR1, FR2, or FR4 RACH resource) or, in some cases, may be provided in a separate low frequency band (e.g., FR1) connection (e.g., on an anchor carrier established using FR1). In response to the RLF indication 315, the base station 105-a may initiate a beam recovery procedure (such as a beam training procedure) to identify a new beam. Figure 3 In the example of , the RLF indication 315 can indicate a failure in the downlink beam 325-b, and a second downlink beam 325-c can be established for subsequent downlink communications 310-b to the UE 115-b. In some cases, the RLF indication 315 can be reported as a downlink control channel failure sent to the base station 105-a.

[0087] In some cases, the RLF indication 315 may provide information related to one or more preferred beams. For example, the RLF indication may provide a beam index from a previously configured set of available beams, and a beam training process may be determined based on the one or more preferred beams (e.g., by performing beam scanning on the preferred beam and one or more other beams having similar beamforming characteristics), which may allow for an efficient beam training process (e.g., beam scanning may be performed in a single time slot with a relatively high probability of identifying a suitable beam for subsequent communications).

[0088] In some cases, UE 115-b may provide an indication of whether the beam quality of an uplink or downlink beam or both is above or below a threshold in communications with base station 105-a. In some examples, UE 115-b may provide a flag in each time slot indicating whether the relevant metric of the uplink beam or downlink beam is equal to or above a threshold value or below a threshold value (or provide a separate flag for each beam). The associated metric may include, for example, a reference signal received power (RSRP), a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), a signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR), or a reference signal strength indicator (RSSI) of one or more reference signals associated with the uplink beam or downlink beam. In some cases, the threshold value may be configured by base station 105-a at UE 115-b (e.g., in RRC signaling when establishing a beam, in a beam switching indication, in a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE), etc.), or may be a pre-specified threshold value. In some cases, different threshold values ​​may be provided for uplink beams and downlink beams.

[0089] In some cases, RLF may be triggered based on the number of times the beam quality drops below a threshold. In such a case, as part of each RLM procedure, the UE 115-b may maintain a counter of the number of times an associated metric for an uplink beam or a downlink beam crosses a threshold, and send an RLF indication 315 if the counter exceeds a limit (e.g., a limit configured by the base station 105-a or a preconfigured limit). In some cases, the counter may be based on the number of consecutive times the associated metric is below the threshold (e.g., one or more consecutive RSRP measurements are below the threshold), the number of times the associated metric is below the threshold within a window (e.g., if two or more of the last five measurements are below the threshold), the number of times the associated metric is below the threshold within a time period (e.g., if one or more measurements within a frame or subframe are below the threshold), or any combination thereof. In the event that the UE 115-b sends a flag indicating whether a measurement is above or below a threshold, the base station 105-a may maintain such a counter to trigger the RLF and beam recovery procedures.

[0090] Figure 4An example of a process flow 400 for supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter-wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. In some examples, the process flow 400 can implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100 or 300. The process flow 400 can be implemented by a first wireless device 405 and a second wireless device 410 as described herein. In the following description of the process flow 400, communications between the first wireless device 405 and the second wireless device 410 can be sent in an order different from the example order shown, or the operations performed by the first wireless device 405 and the second wireless device 410 can be performed in a different order or at different times. Some operations can also be omitted from the process flow 400, and other operations can be added to the process flow 400.

[0091] At 415, the first wireless device 405 and the second wireless device 410 may establish communication using the first beam on the uplink and the second beam on the downlink. The first beam and the second beam may be decoupled beams, which may be established according to a beam training process, as part of an initial access of the first wireless device 405 at the second wireless device 410, as part of a beam training and refinement process, based on a beam switching process, and the like.

[0092] At 420, the first wireless device 405 may initiate separate (e.g., different, independent, etc.) RLM processes for the first beam and the second beam. In some cases, the first RLM process may be initiated for the first beam on the uplink, and the second RLM process may be initiated for the second beam on the downlink. In some cases, the first RLM process may have a first set of criteria for declaring RLF, and the second RLM process may have a second set of criteria for declaring RLF, which may be different from the first set of criteria. In some cases, the wireless second device 410 may initiate separate RLM processes based on receiving signaling (e.g., beam management configuration signaling, RRC signaling, DCI, etc.) including the set of criteria from the second wireless device 410. At 425, the first wireless device 405 and the second wireless device 410 may use the established first beam and second beam to send uplink and downlink communications. The first wireless device 405 may perform RLM based on the uplink and downlink communications.

[0093] At 430, the first wireless device 405 can determine a beam failure of one of the first beam or the second beam based on the RLM process. As discussed herein, such a beam failure can be determined based on measurements of one or more communication parameters on an uplink or downlink beam, based on a counter associated with the measurement being below a configured threshold, or any combination thereof.

[0094] Optionally, at 435, the first wireless device 405 may determine one or more candidate beams for the beam training process. In some cases, the one or more candidate beams may be determined based on one or more beams having similar beam characteristics as the failed beam, but may use one or more different antenna elements or different antenna panels. In some cases, the one or more candidate beams may be determined based on one or more of the first beam or the second beam that have not had RLF (e.g., if the downlink beam has RLF, a beam that is QCL with the uplink beam may be identified as a candidate beam).

[0095] At 440, the first wireless device 405 may send a beam failure indication to the second wireless device 410 based on the determined radio link failure. As discussed herein, a beam failure indication of a downlink beam or a receive beam of the first wireless device 405 may be sent using an uplink or transmit beam of the first wireless device 405. In other cases, a beam failure indication may be sent using a random access resource (e.g., a RACH resource in FR1, FR2, or FR4) configured for random access channel access by the second wireless device 410. In other cases, a beam failure indication may be provided in a low frequency band (e.g., FR1) connection between the first wireless device 405 and the second wireless device 410.

[0096] At 445, the second wireless device 410 may determine beam training parameters based on the beam failure indication. In some cases, the second wireless device 410 may identify a particular beam suitable for communication based on an indication of one or more candidate beams included with the beam failure indication. At 450, the second wireless device 410 may send a beam training indication to the first wireless device 405. The beam training indication may indicate that one or more reference signals are to be sent using one or more beams according to the determined beam training parameters. At 455, the second wireless device 410 may send a reference signal transmission (e.g., a CSI reference signal using two or more determined beams) according to the determined beam training parameters.

[0097] At 460, the first wireless device 405 may measure the received reference signal to identify the preferred beam, and generate a measurement report. At 465, the first wireless device may send a measurement report (e.g., a CSI measurement report), which may include an indication of the preferred beam identified at the first wireless device 405. The second wireless device 410 may then determine an updated beam for communication, and send an indication to the first wireless device 405 to initiate communication using the updated beam. Subsequently, the first wireless device 405 and the second wireless device 410 may communicate using one or more updated beams. In some cases, a new transmit or receive beam at the first wireless device 405 may use one or more antenna element groups in the antenna element groups identified by the first wireless device 405 when selecting a preferred beam or a candidate beam, and may allow the first wireless device 405 to operate in a more power efficient manner, manage thermal performance of device components, manage MPE, or any combination thereof.

[0098] Figure 5 A block diagram 500 of a device 505 supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter-wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 505 may be an example of aspects of a first wireless device (such as UE 115) as described herein. The device 505 may include a receiver 510, a communication manager 515, and a transmitter 520. The device 505 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0099] The receiver 510 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter wave wireless communications, etc.). The information may be communicated to other components of the device 505. The receiver 510 may be a reference Figure 8 Examples of one or more aspects of the described transceiver 820. The receiver 510 may utilize a single antenna or a group of antennas.

[0100] The communication manager 515 may perform the following operations: establish an uplink connection with a second wireless device using a first beam and establish a downlink connection with the second wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam; initiate a first radio link monitoring procedure for the first beam on the uplink connection and initiate a second radio link monitoring procedure for the second beam on the downlink connection; and send a radio link failure indication to the second wireless device based on a radio link failure, wherein the radio link failure is based on one or more of the first radio link monitoring procedure or the second radio link monitoring procedure. The communication manager 515 may be an example of one or more aspects of the communication manager 810 described herein.

[0101] The communication manager 515 as described herein may be implemented to achieve one or more potential advantages. An implementation may allow the device 505 to maintain separate (e.g., different, independent, etc.) RLM processes for transmit and receive beams and indicate RLF separately for each beam, which may allow for efficient indication of RLF and establishment of updated beams for beams that have experienced RLF. Additionally, implementations may allow the device 505 to have additional flexibility for power management, thermal management, or MPE management when using beamforming communications, as well as other advantages.

[0102] The communication manager 515 or its subcomponents may be implemented in hardware, in code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by a processor, or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communication manager 515 or its subcomponents may be performed by a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure.

[0103] The communication manager 515 or its subcomponents can be physically located at various locations, including being distributed so that parts of the functions are implemented by one or more physical components at different physical locations. In some examples, according to various aspects of the present disclosure, the communication manager 515 or its subcomponents can be separate and distinct components. In some examples, according to various aspects of the present disclosure, the communication manager 515 or its subcomponents can be combined with one or more other hardware components (including but not limited to input / output (I / O) components, transceivers, network servers, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or combinations thereof).

[0104] The communication manager 515 may be an example of a means for performing various aspects of managing beam failure recovery as described herein. The communication manager 515 or its subcomponents may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuit). The circuit may include a processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure.

[0105] In another implementation, the communication manager 515 or its subcomponents may be implemented in code executed by a processor (e.g., as communication management software or firmware) or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communication manager 515 or its subcomponents may be performed by a general purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device.

[0106] In some examples, communications manager 515 may be configured to perform various operations (eg, initiate, establish, send, measure, determine, receive, report) using or otherwise cooperating with receiver 510, transmitter 520, or both.

[0107] The transmitter 520 can transmit signals generated by other components of the device 505. In some examples, the transmitter 520 can be co-located with the receiver 510 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 520 can be a reference Figure 8 Examples of one or more aspects of the transceiver 820 are described. The transmitter 520 may utilize a single antenna or a group of antennas.

[0108] Figure 6 A block diagram 600 of a device 605 supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter-wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of the device 505 or UE 115 as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, a communication manager 615, and a transmitter 635. The device 605 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0109] The receiver 610 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter wave wireless communications, etc.). The information may be communicated to other components of the device 605. The receiver 610 may be a reference Figure 8 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 820 are described. The receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a group of antennas.

[0110] Communications manager 615 may be an example of aspects of communications manager 515 as described herein. Communications manager 615 may include connection establishment manager 620, RLM manager 625, and RLF manager 630. Communications manager 615 may be an example of aspects of communications manager 810 as described herein.

[0111] The connection establishment manager 620 may establish an uplink connection with the second wireless device using the first beam and establish a downlink connection with the second wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam.

[0112] The RLM manager 625 may initiate a first radio link monitoring procedure for the first beam on the uplink connection and initiate a second radio link monitoring procedure for the second beam on the downlink connection.

[0113] The RLF manager 630 may send a radio link failure indication to the second wireless device based on a radio link failure, wherein the radio link failure is based on one or more of the first radio link monitoring procedure or the second radio link monitoring procedure.

[0114] The transmitter 635 can transmit signals generated by other components of the device 605. In some examples, the transmitter 635 can be co-located with the receiver 610 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 635 can be a reference Figure 8 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 820 are described. The transmitter 635 may utilize a single antenna or a group of antennas.

[0115] Figure 7 A block diagram 700 of a communication manager 705 supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter-wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The communication manager 705 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 515, the communication manager 615, or the communication manager 810 described herein. The communication manager 705 may include a connection establishment manager 710, an RLM manager 715, an RLF manager 720, a measurement component 725, and a beam training manager 730. Each of these modules may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0116] The connection establishment manager 710 may establish an uplink connection with the second wireless device using a first beam and establish a downlink connection with the second wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam. In some cases, one or more of the first beam or the second beam uses a millimeter wave band including a frequency greater than 24.25 GHz. In some cases, the first wireless device is a UE, a base station, a CPE, a relay device, a router, a repeater, or an IAB node, and the second wireless device is a UE, a base station, a CPE, a relay device, a router, a repeater, or an IAB node.

[0117] The RLM manager 715 may initiate a first radio link monitoring procedure for the first beam on the uplink connection and initiate a second radio link monitoring procedure for the second beam on the downlink connection.In some cases, the first radio link monitoring procedure is independent of the second radio link monitoring procedure.

[0118] The RLF manager 720 may send a radio link failure indication to the second wireless device based on a radio link failure, wherein the radio link failure is based on one or more of the first radio link monitoring procedure or the second radio link monitoring procedure.

[0119] In some examples, the RLF manager 720 may determine that a triggering event has occurred based on one or more counters associated with one or more beam quality thresholds. In some examples, the RLF manager 720 may send a radio link failure indication in response to the occurrence of the triggering event.

[0120] In some examples, the RLF manager 720 can report an indication of whether a metric associated with the second beam has fallen below a threshold value for use in a beam recovery process based on one or more indications that the metric associated with the second beam has fallen below a threshold value. In some cases, the radio link failure indication for the second beam is reported as a downlink control channel failure, and the radio link failure indication for the second beam is sent to the second wireless device using the first beam. In some cases, the radio link failure indication provides one or more candidate beams for a beam training process.

[0121] The measurement component 725 can measure an associated metric of the first beam or the second beam for one or more reference signals associated with the first beam or the second beam, the associated metric comprising at least one of RSRP, RSRQ, SNR, SINR, or RSSI. In some examples, the measurement component 725 can determine that the associated metric for the one or more reference signals has fallen below a threshold value for at least a configured number of occasions. In some cases, one or more of the threshold value or the configured number of occasions for the associated metric is different for the first beam and the second beam.

[0122] In some examples, measuring component 725 can measure one or more reference signals from one or more training beams received from the second wireless device.

[0123] The beam training manager 730 may receive a beam training indication from the second wireless device in response to the radio link failure indication, the beam training indication providing resources and beam information for a beam training process. In some examples, the beam training manager 730 may initiate a beam training process in response to the beam training indication. In some examples, the beam training manager 730 may send a measurement report to the second wireless device based on the measurement.

[0124] Figure 8 A diagram of a system 800 including a device 805 that supports beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 805 may be an example of a device 505, a device 605, or a UE 115 as described herein or include a component of the device 505, the device 605, or the UE 115. The device 805 may include components for two-way voice and data communications, including components for sending and receiving communications, including a communication manager 810, an I / O controller 815, a transceiver 820, an antenna 825, a memory 830, and a processor 840. These components may communicate electronically via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 845).

[0125] The communication manager 810 can perform the following operations: establish an uplink connection with a second wireless device using a first beam and establish a downlink connection with the second wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam; initiate a first radio link monitoring process for the first beam on the uplink connection and initiate a second radio link monitoring process for the second beam on the downlink connection; and send a radio link failure indication to the second wireless device based on a radio link failure, wherein the radio link failure is based on one or more of the first radio link monitoring process or the second radio link monitoring process.

[0126] The communication manager 810 as described herein may be implemented to achieve one or more potential advantages. An implementation may allow the device 805 to maintain separate RLM processes for transmit and receive beams and indicate RLF separately for each beam, which may allow for efficient indication of RLF and establishment of updated beams for beams that have experienced RLF. Additionally, implementations may allow the device 805 to have additional flexibility for power management, thermal management, or MPE management when using beamforming communications, as well as other advantages.

[0127] I / O controller 815 can manage input and output signals for device 805. I / O controller 815 can also manage peripheral devices that are not integrated into device 805. In some cases, I / O controller 815 can represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 815 can utilize a computer such as a , or another known operating system. In other cases, I / O controller 815 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touch screen, or similar device. In some cases, I / O controller 815 may be implemented as part of a processor. In some cases, a user may interact with device 805 via I / O controller 815 or via hardware components controlled by I / O controller 815.

[0128] The transceiver 820 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas, wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 820 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 820 may also include a modem for modulating packets and providing the modulated packets to an antenna for transmission, and demodulating packets received from an antenna.

[0129] In some cases, a wireless device may include a single antenna 825. However, in some cases, a device may have more than one antenna 825 that are capable of sending or receiving multiple wireless transmissions simultaneously.

[0130] The memory 830 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The memory 830 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 835, which includes instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, the memory 830 may also contain, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS), which may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0131] The processor 840 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor 840 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 840. The processor 840 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 830) to cause the device 805 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks to support beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter wave wireless communications).

[0132] The code 835 may include instructions for implementing various aspects of the present disclosure, including instructions for supporting wireless communications. The code 835 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., system memory or other types of memory). In some cases, the code 835 may not be directly executable by the processor 840, but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein.

[0133] Fig. 9 A block diagram 900 of a device 905 supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter-wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 905 may be an example of aspects of a second wireless device (such as a base station 105) as described herein. The device 905 may include a receiver 910, a communication manager 915, and a transmitter 920. The device 905 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0134] The receiver 910 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter wave wireless communications, etc.). The information may be communicated to other components of the device 905. The receiver 910 may be a reference Fig.12 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 1220 are described. The receiver 910 may utilize a single antenna or a group of antennas.

[0135] The communication manager 915 may perform the following operations: establish an uplink connection with a first wireless device using a first beam and establish a downlink connection with the first wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam; send signaling to the first wireless device, the signaling including one or more radio link monitoring parameters for each of a first radio link monitoring process associated with the first beam and a second radio link monitoring process associated with the second beam, wherein the first radio link monitoring process is different from the second radio link monitoring process; receive a radio link failure indication from the first wireless device indicating that one or more of the first beam or the second beam has a radio link failure; and initiate a beam recovery process with the first wireless device in response to receiving the radio link failure indication. The communication manager 915 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1210 described herein.

[0136] The communication manager 915 or its subcomponents may be implemented in hardware, in code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by a processor, or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communication manager 915 or its subcomponents may be performed by a general purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure.

[0137] The communication manager 915 or its subcomponents may be physically located at various locations, including being distributed so that portions of the functions are implemented by one or more physical components at different physical locations. In some examples, according to various aspects of the present disclosure, the communication manager 915 or its subcomponents may be separate and distinct components. In some examples, according to various aspects of the present disclosure, the communication manager 915 or its subcomponents may be combined with one or more other hardware components (including, but not limited to, input / output (I / O) components, transceivers, network servers, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or combinations thereof).

[0138] The communication manager 915 may be an example of a means for performing various aspects of managing beam failure recovery as described herein. The communication manager 915 or its subcomponents may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuit). The circuit may include a processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure.

[0139] In another implementation, the communication manager 915 or its subcomponents may be implemented in code executed by a processor (e.g., as communication management software or firmware) or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communication manager 915 or its subcomponents may be performed by a general purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device.

[0140] In some examples, communications manager 915 may be configured to perform various operations (eg, initiate, establish, send, determine, receive) using or otherwise cooperating with receiver 910, transmitter 920, or both.

[0141] The transmitter 920 can transmit signals generated by other components of the device 905. In some examples, the transmitter 920 can be co-located with the receiver 910 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 920 can be a reference Fig.12 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 1220 are described. The transmitter 920 may utilize a single antenna or a group of antennas.

[0142] Fig.10 A block diagram 1000 of a device 1005 supporting beam failure recovery assistance in transmission upper band millimeter wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1005 can be an example of aspects of the device 905 or base station 105 as described herein. The device 1005 may include a receiver 1010, a communication manager 1015, and a transmitter 1040. The device 1005 may also include a processor. Each of these components can communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0143] The receiver 1010 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter wave wireless communications, etc.). The information may be communicated to other components of the device 1005. The receiver 1010 may be a reference Fig.12 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 1220 are described. The receiver 1010 may utilize a single antenna or a group of antennas.

[0144] The communication manager 1015 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 915 as described herein. The communication manager 1015 may include a connection establishment manager 1020, an RLM manager 1025, an RLF manager 1030, and a beam training manager 1035. The communication manager 1015 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1210 described herein.

[0145] The connection establishment manager 1020 may establish an uplink connection with the first wireless device using a first beam and establish a downlink connection with the first wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam.

[0146] The RLM manager 1025 may send signaling to the first wireless device, the signaling including one or more radio link monitoring parameters for each of a first radio link monitoring process associated with the first beam and a second radio link monitoring process associated with the second beam, wherein the first radio link monitoring process is different from the second radio link monitoring process.

[0147] The RLF manager 1030 may receive a radio link failure indication from the first wireless device indicating that one or more of the first beam or the second beam has a radio link failure.

[0148] The beam training manager 1035 may initiate a beam recovery procedure with the first wireless device in response to receiving the radio link failure indication.

[0149] The transmitter 1040 can transmit signals generated by other components of the device 1005. In some examples, the transmitter 1040 can be co-located with the receiver 1010 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 1040 can be a reference Fig.12 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 1220 are described. The transmitter 1040 may utilize a single antenna or a group of antennas.

[0150] Fig.11 A block diagram 1100 of a communication manager 1105 supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter-wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The communication manager 1105 can be an example of aspects of the communication manager 915, the communication manager 1015, or the communication manager 1210 described herein. The communication manager 1105 can include a connection establishment manager 1110, an RLM manager 1115, an RLF manager 1120, a beam training manager 1125, and a measurement component 1130. Each of these modules can communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0151] The connection establishment manager 1110 may establish an uplink connection with the first wireless device using a first beam and establish a downlink connection with the first wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam. In some cases, one or more of the first beam or the second beam uses a millimeter wave band including a frequency greater than 24.25 GHz. In some cases, the first wireless device is a UE, a base station, a CPE, a relay device, a router, a repeater, or an IAB node, and the second wireless device is a UE, a base station, a CPE, a relay device, a router, a repeater, or an IAB node.

[0152] The RLM manager 1115 may send signaling to the first wireless device having one or more radio link monitoring parameters for each of a first radio link monitoring procedure associated with the first beam and a second radio link monitoring procedure associated with the second beam, wherein the first radio link monitoring procedure is different from the second radio link monitoring procedure. In some cases, the first radio link monitoring procedure is independent of the second radio link monitoring procedure.

[0153] The RLF manager 1120 may receive a radio link failure indication from the first wireless device indicating that one or more of the first beam or the second beam has a radio link failure.

[0154] In some examples, the RLF manager 1120 may receive two or more indications of whether a reference signal received power associated with the second beam is above or below a threshold value. In some examples, the RLF manager 1120 may determine to initiate a beam recovery process based on two or more indications showing that the reference signal received power associated with the second beam has dropped below the threshold value. In some cases, one or more radio link monitoring parameters include: one or more threshold values ​​of the reference signal received power associated with one or more of the first beam or the second beam, the number of opportunities when the reference signal received power drops below the one or more threshold values, or any combination thereof. In some cases, one or more of the threshold values ​​or the number of opportunities are different for the first beam and the second beam. In some cases, the radio link failure indication for the second beam is reported as a downlink control channel failure, and the radio link failure indication for the second beam is received from the first wireless device via the first beam.

[0155] The beam training manager 1125 may initiate a beam recovery procedure with the first wireless device in response to receiving the radio link failure indication. In some examples, the beam training manager 1125 may send a beam training indication to the first wireless device, the beam training indication providing resources and beam information for the beam training procedure. In some examples, the beam training manager 1125 may initiate a beam training procedure in response to the beam training indication. In some examples, the beam training manager 1125 may send one or more training beams to the first wireless device. In some cases, the radio link failure indication provides one or more candidate beams for the beam training procedure.

[0156] The measuring component 1130 can receive a measurement report from the first wireless device indicating one or more measurements associated with the one or more training beams.

[0157] Fig.12A diagram of a system 1200 including a device 1205 that supports beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter-wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1205 may be an example of or include a component of a device 905, a device 1005, or a base station 105 as described herein. The device 1205 may include components for two-way voice and data communications, including components for sending and receiving communications, including a communication manager 1210, a network communication manager 1215, a transceiver 1220, an antenna 1225, a memory 1230, a processor 1240, and an inter-station communication manager 1245. These components may communicate electronically via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1250).

[0158] The communication manager 1210 can perform the following operations: establish an uplink connection with a first wireless device using a first beam and establish a downlink connection with the first wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam; send signaling to the first wireless device, the signaling including one or more radio link monitoring parameters for each of a first radio link monitoring process associated with the first beam and a second radio link monitoring process associated with the second beam, wherein the first radio link monitoring process is different from the second radio link monitoring process; receive a radio link failure indication from the first wireless device indicating that one or more of the first beam or the second beam has a radio link failure; and initiate a beam recovery process with the first wireless device in response to receiving the radio link failure indication.

[0159] The network communications manager 1215 may manage communications with the core network (eg, via one or more wired backhaul links). For example, the network communications manager 1215 may manage the transmission of data communications for client devices (eg, one or more UEs 115).

[0160] The transceiver 1220 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas, wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1220 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1220 may also include a modem for modulating packets and providing the modulated packets to an antenna for transmission, and demodulating packets received from an antenna.

[0161] In some cases, a wireless device may include a single antenna 1225. However, in some cases, a device 1205 may have more than one antenna 1225 that are capable of sending or receiving multiple wireless transmissions simultaneously.

[0162] Memory 1230 may include RAM, ROM, or a combination thereof. Memory 1230 may store computer readable code 1235, which includes instructions that, when executed by a processor (e.g., processor 1240), cause the device to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, memory 1230 may also contain, among other things, BIOS, which may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0163] Processor 1240 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor 1240 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some cases, the memory controller may be integrated into processor 1240. Processor 1240 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 1230) to cause device 1205 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks to support beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter wave wireless communications).

[0164] The inter-site communication manager 1245 can manage communications with other base stations 105 and can include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UE 115 in cooperation with other base stations 105. For example, the inter-site communication manager 1245 can coordinate the scheduling of transmissions to UE 115 to implement various interference mitigation techniques such as beamforming or joint transmission. In some examples, the inter-site communication manager 1245 can provide an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communications between base stations 105.

[0165] The code 1235 may include instructions for implementing various aspects of the present disclosure, including instructions for supporting wireless communications. The code 1235 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., system memory or other types of memory). In some cases, the code 1235 may not be directly executable by the processor 1240, but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein.

[0166] Fig.13 A flow chart illustrating a method 1300 for supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 1300 may be implemented by a first wireless device (such as UE 115) or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1300 may be implemented by a first wireless device (such as UE 115) or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 5 to 8In some examples, the first wireless device may execute an instruction set to control a functional unit of the first wireless device to perform the functions described herein. Additionally or alternatively, the first wireless device may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described herein.

[0167] At 1305, the first wireless device may establish an uplink connection with the second wireless device using the first beam and establish a downlink connection with the second wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam. The operations of 1305 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1305 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8 The connection establishment manager described is performed.

[0168] At 1310, the first wireless device may initiate a first radio link monitoring procedure for a first beam on an uplink connection and initiate a second radio link monitoring procedure for a second beam on a downlink connection. The operations of 1310 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1310 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8 Describes the RLM manager to perform.

[0169] At 1315, the first wireless device may send a radio link failure indication to the second wireless device based on the radio link failure, wherein the radio link failure is based on one or more of the first radio link monitoring process or the second radio link monitoring process. The operations of 1315 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1315 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8 In some cases, the first wireless device may report an indication of whether a metric associated with the second beam has fallen below a threshold value for use in a beam recovery process based on one or more indications that the metric associated with the second beam has fallen below a threshold value. In some cases, the first wireless device may report one or more candidate beams for a subsequent beam training process.

[0170] At 1320, in some cases, the first wireless device may determine that a triggering event has occurred based on one or more counters associated with one or more beam quality thresholds, wherein the radio link failure is determined based on the beam quality falling below the beam quality threshold for more than a configured number of times. The operations of 1320 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1320 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8 In some cases, the beam quality threshold may be associated with RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ SNR, SINR, or any combination thereof.

[0171] Fig.14 A flow chart illustrating a method 1400 for supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 1400 may be implemented by a first wireless device (such as UE 115) or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1400 may be implemented by a first wireless device (such as UE 115) or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 5 to 8 In some examples, the first wireless device may execute an instruction set to control a functional unit of the first wireless device to perform the functions described herein. Additionally or alternatively, the first wireless device may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described herein.

[0172] At 1405, the first wireless device may establish an uplink connection with the second wireless device using the first beam and establish a downlink connection with the second wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam. The operations of 1405 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1405 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8 The connection establishment manager described is performed.

[0173] At 1410, the first wireless device may initiate a first radio link monitoring procedure for a first beam on an uplink connection and initiate a second radio link monitoring procedure for a second beam on a downlink connection. The operations of 1410 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1410 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8 Describes the RLM manager to perform.

[0174] At 1415, in some cases, the first wireless device may measure an associated metric of the first beam or the second beam for one or more reference signals associated with the first beam or the second beam, the associated metric comprising at least one of RSRP, RSRQ, SNR, SINR, or RSSI. The operations of 1415 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1415 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8 The measurement components described are performed.

[0175] At 1420, the first wireless device may determine that an associated metric for one or more reference signals has fallen below a threshold value for at least a configured number of occasions. The operations of 1420 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1420 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8 The measurement components described are performed.

[0176] At 1425, the first wireless device may send a radio link failure indication to the second wireless device based on the radio link failure, wherein the radio link failure is based on one or more of the first radio link monitoring process or the second radio link monitoring process. The operations of 1425 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1425 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8 The RLF manager described in this document is used to perform the above operations.

[0177] Fig.15 A flow chart illustrating a method 1500 for supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a first wireless device (such as UE 115) or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a first wireless device (such as UE 115) or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 5 to 8 In some examples, the first wireless device may execute an instruction set to control a functional unit of the first wireless device to perform the functions described herein. Additionally or alternatively, the first wireless device may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described herein.

[0178] At 1505, the first wireless device may establish an uplink connection with the second wireless device using the first beam and establish a downlink connection with the second wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam. The operations of 1505 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1505 may be described with reference to Figures 5 to 8 The connection establishment manager described is performed.

[0179] At 1510, the first wireless device may initiate a first radio link monitoring procedure for a first beam on an uplink connection and initiate a second radio link monitoring procedure for a second beam on a downlink connection. The operations of 1510 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8 Describes the RLM manager to perform.

[0180] At 1515, the first wireless device may send a radio link failure indication to the second wireless device based on the radio link failure, wherein the radio link failure is based on one or more of the first radio link monitoring process or the second radio link monitoring process. The operations of 1515 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1515 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8 In some cases, the radio link failure indication provides one or more candidate beams for the beam training process.

[0181] At 1520, the first wireless device may receive a beam training indication from the second wireless device in response to the radio link failure indication, the beam training indication providing resources and beam information for a beam training process. The operations of 1520 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1520 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8 The beam training manager described in this document is used to perform the task.

[0182] At 1525, the first wireless device may initiate a beam training process in response to the beam training indication. The operations of 1525 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1525 may be described with reference to Figures 5 to 8 The beam training manager described in this document is used to perform the task.

[0183] At 1530, the first wireless device may measure one or more reference signals from one or more training beams received from the second wireless device. The operations of 1530 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1530 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8 The measurement components described are performed.

[0184] At 1535, the first wireless device may send a measurement report to the second wireless device based on the measurement. The operations of 1535 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1535 may be described with reference to Figures 5 to 8 The beam training manager described in this document is used to perform the task.

[0185] Fig.16 A flow chart illustrating a method 1600 for supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter-wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a second wireless device (such as a base station 105) or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a second wireless device (such as a base station 105) or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 9 to 12 In some examples, the second wireless device may execute an instruction set to control a functional unit of the second wireless device to perform the functions described herein. Additionally or alternatively, the second wireless device may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described herein.

[0186] At 1605, the second wireless device may establish an uplink connection with the first wireless device using the first beam and establish a downlink connection with the first wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam. The operations of 1605 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1605 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The connection establishment manager described is performed.

[0187] At 1610, the second wireless device may send signaling to the first wireless device, the signaling including one or more radio link monitoring parameters for each of a first radio link monitoring procedure associated with the first beam and a second radio link monitoring procedure associated with the second beam, wherein the first radio link monitoring procedure is different from the second radio link monitoring procedure. The operations of 1610 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 Describes the RLM manager to perform.

[0188] At 1615, the second wireless device may receive a radio link failure indication from the first wireless device indicating that one or more of the first beam or the second beam has a radio link failure. The operations of 1615 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1615 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The RLF manager described in this document is used to perform the above operations.

[0189] At 1620, the second wireless device may initiate a beam recovery procedure with the first wireless device in response to receiving the radio link failure indication. The operations of 1620 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1620 may be described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The beam training manager described above is used to perform

[0190] Fig.17 A flow chart illustrating a method 1700 for supporting beam failure recovery assistance in upper-band millimeter-wave wireless communications according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a second wireless device (such as a base station 105) or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a second wireless device (such as a base station 105) or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 9 to 12 In some examples, the second wireless device may execute an instruction set to control a functional unit of the second wireless device to perform the functions described herein. Additionally or alternatively, the second wireless device may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described herein.

[0191] At 1705, the second wireless device may establish an uplink connection with the first wireless device using the first beam and establish a downlink connection with the first wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam. The operations of 1705 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1705 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The connection establishment manager described is performed.

[0192] At 1710, the second wireless device may send signaling to the first wireless device, the signaling having one or more radio link monitoring parameters for each of a first radio link monitoring procedure associated with the first beam and a second radio link monitoring procedure associated with the second beam, wherein the first radio link monitoring procedure is different from the second radio link monitoring procedure. The operations of 1710 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 Describes the RLM manager to perform.

[0193] At 1715, the second wireless device may receive a radio link failure indication from the first wireless device indicating that one or more of the first beam or the second beam has a radio link failure. The operations of 1715 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1715 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 In some cases, the radio link failure indication provides one or more candidate beams for the beam training process.

[0194] At 1720, the second wireless device may initiate a beam recovery procedure with the first wireless device in response to receiving the radio link failure indication. The operations of 1720 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1720 may be described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The beam training manager described above is used to perform

[0195] At 1725, the second wireless device may send a beam training indication to the first wireless device, the beam training indication providing resources and beam information for the beam training process. The operations of 1725 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1725 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The beam training manager described above is used to perform

[0196] At 1730, the second wireless device may initiate a beam training process in response to the beam training indication. The operations of 1730 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1730 may be described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The beam training manager described above is used to perform

[0197] At 1735, the second wireless device may send one or more training beams to the first wireless device. The operations of 1735 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1735 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The beam training manager described above is used to perform

[0198] At 1740, the second wireless device may receive a measurement report from the first wireless device, the measurement report indicating one or more measurements associated with the one or more training beams. The operations of 1740 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1740 may be performed as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12 The measurement components described are performed.

[0199] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified, and other implementations are possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more methods may be combined.

[0200] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising: establishing an uplink connection with a second wireless device using a first beam and establishing a downlink connection with the second wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam; initiating a first radio link monitoring process for the first beam on the uplink connection and initiating a second radio link monitoring process for the second beam on the downlink connection; and sending a radio link failure indication to the second wireless device based at least in part on a radio link failure, wherein the radio link failure is based at least in part on one or more of the first radio link monitoring process or the second radio link monitoring process.

[0201] Aspect 2: The method according to aspect 1, wherein the first radio link monitoring process is independent of the second radio link monitoring process.

[0202] Aspect 3: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 or 2, wherein one or more items of the first radio link monitoring process or the second radio link monitoring process include: measuring an associated metric of the first beam or the second beam for one or more reference signals associated with the first beam or the second beam; and determining that the associated metric for the one or more reference signals has dropped below a threshold value for at least a configured number of occasions.

[0203] Aspect 4: The method according to aspect 3, wherein the associated metric of the first beam or the second beam includes at least one of the following: RSRP, RSRQ, SNR, SINR, RSSI, or any combination thereof.

[0204] Aspect 5: The method according to aspect 3, wherein, for the first beam and the second beam, one or more of the threshold value of the associated metric or the number of configured opportunities are different.

[0205] Aspect 6: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein the radio link failure indication for the second beam is reported as a downlink control channel failure, and the radio link failure indication for the second beam is sent to the second wireless device using the first beam.

[0206] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the radio link failure indication provides one or more candidate beams for a beam training process.

[0207] Aspect 8: The method according to Aspect 7 further includes: receiving a beam training indication from the second wireless device in response to the radio link failure indication, the beam training indication providing resources and beam information for the beam training process; and initiating the beam training process in response to the beam training indication.

[0208] Aspect 9: The method according to aspect 8 also includes: measuring one or more reference signals from one or more training beams received from the second wireless device; and sending a measurement report to the second wireless device based at least in part on the measurement.

[0209] Aspect 10: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein sending the radio link failure indication comprises: determining that a trigger event has occurred based at least in part on one or more counters associated with one or more beam quality thresholds; and sending the radio link failure indication in response to the occurrence of the trigger event.

[0210] Aspect 11: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 10, wherein the sending of the radio link failure indication includes: based on one or more indications that the metric associated with the second beam has dropped below a threshold value, reporting an indication of whether the metric associated with the second beam has dropped below the threshold value for use in a beam recovery process.

[0211] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 11, wherein one or more of the first beam or the second beam uses a millimeter wave frequency band including a frequency greater than 24.25 GHz.

[0212] Aspect 13: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 12, wherein the first wireless device is a UE, a base station, a CPE, a relay device, a router, a repeater, or an IAB node, and the second wireless device is a UE, a base station, a CPE, a relay device, a router, a repeater, or an IAB node.

[0213] Aspect 14: An apparatus comprising at least one unit for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13.

[0214] Aspect 15: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13.

[0215] Aspect 16: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13.

[0216] Aspect 17: A method for wireless communication at a second wireless device, comprising: establishing an uplink connection with a first wireless device using a first beam and establishing a downlink connection with the first wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam; sending signaling to the first wireless device, the signaling including one or more radio link monitoring parameters for each of a first radio link monitoring process associated with the first beam and a second radio link monitoring process associated with the second beam, wherein the first radio link monitoring process is different from the second radio link monitoring process; receiving a radio link failure indication from the first wireless device indicating that one or more of the first beam or the second beam has a radio link failure; and initiating a beam recovery process with the first wireless device in response to receiving the radio link failure indication.

[0217] Aspect 18: The method according to aspect 17, wherein the first radio link monitoring process is independent of the second radio link monitoring process.

[0218] Aspect 19: A method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 18, wherein the one or more radio link monitoring parameters include: one or more threshold values ​​of a reference signal reception power associated with one or more of the first beam or the second beam, the number of opportunities when the reference signal reception power drops below the one or more threshold values, or any combination thereof.

[0219] Aspect 20: The method according to aspect 19, wherein one or more of the one or more threshold values ​​or the number of opportunities are different for the first beam and the second beam.

[0220] Aspect 21: A method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 20, wherein the radio link failure indication for the second beam is reported as a downlink control channel failure, and the radio link failure indication for the second beam is received from the first wireless device via the first beam.

[0221] Aspect 22: The method according to any one of aspects 17 to 21, wherein the radio link failure indication provides one or more candidate beams for a beam training process.

[0222] Aspect 23: A method according to Aspect 22, wherein the initiating the beam recovery process includes: sending a beam training indication to the first wireless device, the beam training indication providing resources and beam information for the beam training process; and initiating the beam training process in response to the beam training indication.

[0223] Aspect 24: The method according to Aspect 23 also includes: sending one or more training beams to the first wireless device; and receiving a measurement report from the first wireless device, the measurement report indicating one or more measurements associated with the one or more training beams.

[0224] Aspect 25: A method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 24, wherein the receiving of the radio link failure indication comprises: receiving two or more indications as to whether the reference signal reception power associated with the second beam is above or below a threshold value; and determining to initiate the beam recovery process based at least in part on the two or more indications showing that the reference signal reception power associated with the second beam has dropped below the threshold value.

[0225] Aspect 26: The method according to any one of aspects 17 to 25, wherein one or more of the first beam or the second beam uses a millimeter wave frequency band including a frequency greater than 24.25 GHz.

[0226] Aspect 27: A method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 26, wherein the first wireless device is a UE, a base station, a CPE, a relay device, a router, a repeater, or an IAB node, and the second wireless device is a UE, a base station, a CPE, a relay device, a router, a repeater, or an IAB node.

[0227] Aspect 27: An apparatus comprising at least one unit for performing the method according to any one of aspects 17 to 27.

[0228] Aspect 28: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor, the processor and the memory being configured to perform the method according to any one of aspects 17 to 27.

[0229] Aspect 29: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 17 to 27.

[0230] Although aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Professional, or NR systems may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Professional, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein may be applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Professional, or NR networks. For example, the techniques described may be applicable to various other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0231] The information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0232] The various illustrative blocks and components described in conjunction with the disclosure herein may be implemented or executed using a general purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, CPU, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in an alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, a combination of one or more microprocessors and a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0233] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or sent through a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or codes. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the present disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein may be implemented in software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hard wiring, or any combination of these. Features that implement the functions may also be physically located at various locations, including being distributed so that parts of the functions are implemented at different physical locations.

[0234] Computer readable medium includes both non-transitory computer storage medium and communication medium, and communication medium includes any medium that promotes the transmission of computer program from one place to another place.Non-transitory storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by general-purpose computer or special-purpose computer.By way of example and not limitation, non-transitory computer readable medium can include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage, disk storage or other magnetic storage device, or can be used for carrying or storing desired program code unit and can be accessed by general-purpose or special-purpose computer or general-purpose or special-purpose processor in the form of instruction or data structure.In addition, any connection is appropriately referred to as computer readable medium.For example, if software is to send from website, server or other remote source using coaxial cable, optical fiber cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) or wireless technology such as infrared, radio and microwave, then coaxial cable, optical fiber cable, twisted pair, DSL or wireless technology such as infrared, radio and microwave are included in the definition of computer readable medium. As used herein, disk and disc include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc, wherein disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0235] As used herein (including in the claims), "or" as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items ending with a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive list, so that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). In addition, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" can be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "based at least in part on."

[0236] In the accompanying drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference number. In addition, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference number with a dash and a second reference number, the second reference number being used to distinguish between similar components. If only the first reference number is used in the specification, the description applies to any of the similar components having the same first reference number, without regard to the second reference number or other subsequent reference numbers.

[0237] The descriptions set forth herein in conjunction with the accompanying drawings describe example configurations and do not represent all examples that may be implemented or within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "used as an example, instance, or illustration," rather than "preferred" or "advantageous over other examples." For the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques, the detailed description includes specific details. However, these techniques may be implemented without these specific details. In some instances, structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0238] To enable those of ordinary skill in the art to implement or use the present disclosure, the description herein is provided. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to the present disclosure will be apparent, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but is given the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising: establishing an uplink connection with a second wireless device using a first beam and establishing a downlink connection with the second wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam; initiating a first radio link monitoring procedure for the first beam on the uplink connection, wherein the first radio link monitoring procedure is associated with a first set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters; initiating a second radio link monitoring procedure for the second beam on the downlink connection based at least in part on initiating the first radio link monitoring procedure, wherein the second radio link monitoring procedure is associated with a second set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters that is different than the first set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters; selecting one or more candidate beams associated with a first beam characteristic that is the same as a second beam characteristic associated with the second beam; and A radio link failure indication including an indication of the one or more candidate beams is sent to the second wireless device based at least in part on a radio link failure, wherein the radio link failure is based at least in part on the second radio link monitoring process.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The first radio link monitoring procedure is independent of the second radio link monitoring procedure.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: One or more of the first radio link monitoring process and the second radio link monitoring process include: measuring an associated metric of the first beam or the second beam against one or more reference signals associated with the first beam or the second beam; and It is determined that the associated metric for the one or more reference signals has fallen below a threshold value for at least a configured number of occasions.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein: The associated metric of the first beam or the second beam includes at least one of the following of the one or more reference signals associated with the first beam or the second beam: reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR), reference signal strength indicator (RSSI), or any combination thereof.

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein: One or more of the threshold value of the associated metric and the number of configured opportunities are different for the first beam and the second beam.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The radio link failure indication for the second beam is reported as a downlink control channel failure and the radio link failure indication for the second beam is sent to the second wireless device using the first beam.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The radio link failure indication provides one or more candidate beams for a beam training process.

8. The method according to claim 7, further comprising: receiving a beam training indication from the second wireless device in response to the radio link failure indication, the beam training indication providing resources and beam information for the beam training process; as well as The beam training process is initiated in response to the beam training indication.

9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising: measuring one or more reference signals from one or more training beams received from the second wireless device; as well as A measurement report is sent to the second wireless device based at least in part on the measurement.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The sending the radio link failure indication comprises: determining that a triggering event has occurred based at least in part on one or more counters associated with one or more beam quality thresholds; and The radio link failure indication is sent in response to an occurrence of the triggering event.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The sending the radio link failure indication comprises: Based on one or more indications that the metric associated with the second beam has fallen below a threshold value, an indication of whether the metric associated with the second beam has fallen below the threshold value is reported for use in a beam recovery procedure.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein: One or more of the first beam and the second beam use a millimeter wave frequency band including frequencies greater than 24.25 GHz.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The first wireless device is one of a user equipment (UE), a base station, a customer premises equipment (CPE), a relay device, a router, a repeater, or an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, and the second wireless device is one of a UE, a base station, a CPE, a relay device, a router, a repeater, or an IAB node.

14. A method for wireless communication at a second wireless device, comprising: establishing an uplink connection with a first wireless device using a first beam and establishing a downlink connection with the first wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam; sending signaling to the first wireless device, the signaling indicating a first set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters for a first radio link monitoring process associated with the first beam and indicating a second set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters for a second radio link monitoring process associated with the second beam, wherein the first set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters for the first radio link monitoring process is different from the second set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters for the second radio link monitoring process; receiving, from the first wireless device, a radio link failure indication indicating that the second beam has a radio link failure, wherein the radio link failure indication comprises an indication of one or more candidate beams associated with a first beam characteristic, the first beam characteristic being the same as a second beam characteristic associated with the second beam; and A beam recovery procedure is initiated with the first wireless device in response to receiving the radio link failure indication.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein: The first radio link monitoring procedure is independent of the second radio link monitoring procedure.

16. The method according to claim 14, wherein: The first set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters, or the second set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters, or both include: one or more threshold values ​​of reference signal received power associated with one or more of the first beam or the second beam, the number of times when the reference signal received power is lower than the one or more threshold values, or any combination thereof.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein: One or more of the one or more thresholds and the number of opportunities are different for the first beam and the second beam.

18. The method according to claim 14, wherein: The radio link failure indication for the second beam is received from the first wireless device via the uplink connection, and the radio link failure indication for the second beam is used to indicate a downlink control channel failure.

19. The method according to claim 14, wherein: The radio link failure indication provides one or more candidate beams for a beam training process.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein: The initiating the beam recovery process includes: sending a beam training instruction to the first wireless device, the beam training instruction providing resources and beam information for the beam training process; and The beam training procedure is initiated based at least in part on sending the beam training indication.

21. The method according to claim 20, further comprising: transmitting one or more training beams to the first wireless device; as well as A measurement report is received from the first wireless device, the measurement report indicating one or more measurements associated with the one or more training beams.

22. The method according to claim 14, wherein: The receiving the radio link failure indication comprises: receiving two or more indications of whether a reference signal received power associated with the second beam is above or below a threshold; and Determining to initiate the beam recovery process is based at least in part on the two or more indications indicating that the reference signal received power associated with the second beam has fallen below the threshold value.

23. The method according to claim 14, wherein: One or more of the first beam and the second beam use a millimeter wave frequency band including frequencies greater than 24.25 GHz.

24. The method according to claim 14, wherein: The first wireless device is one of a user equipment (UE), a base station, a customer premises equipment (CPE), a relay device, a router, a repeater, or an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, and the second wireless device is one of a UE, a base station, a CPE, a relay device, a router, a repeater, or an IAB node.

25. An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising: processor; as well as a memory coupled to the processor, the processor being configured to: establishing an uplink connection with a second wireless device using a first beam and establishing a downlink connection with the second wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam; initiating a first radio link monitoring procedure for the first beam on the uplink connection, wherein the first radio link monitoring procedure is associated with a first set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters; initiating a second radio link monitoring procedure for the second beam on the downlink connection based at least in part on initiating the first radio link monitoring procedure, wherein the second radio link monitoring procedure is associated with a second set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters that is different than the first set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters; selecting one or more candidate beams associated with a first beam characteristic that is the same as a second beam characteristic associated with the second beam; and A radio link failure indication including an indication of the one or more candidate beams is sent to the second wireless device based at least in part on a radio link failure, wherein the radio link failure is based at least in part on the second radio link monitoring process.

26. The device according to claim 25, wherein The first radio link monitoring procedure is independent of the second radio link monitoring procedure.

27. The device according to claim 25, wherein: The processor is further configured to: measuring an associated metric of the first beam or the second beam against one or more reference signals associated with the first beam or the second beam; as well as It is determined that the associated metric for the one or more reference signals has fallen below a threshold value for at least a configured number of occasions.

28. An apparatus for wireless communication at a second wireless device, comprising: processor, and a memory coupled to the processor, the processor being configured to: establishing an uplink connection with a first wireless device via a first beam and establishing a downlink connection with the first wireless device via a second beam different from the first beam; sending one or more signals to the first wireless device, the one or more signals indicating a first set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters for a first radio link monitoring process associated with the first beam and indicating a second set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters for a second radio link monitoring process associated with the second beam, wherein the first set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters for the first radio link monitoring process is different from the second set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters for the second radio link monitoring process; receiving, from the first wireless device, a radio link failure indication indicating that the second beam has a radio link failure, wherein the radio link failure indication comprises an indication of one or more candidate beams associated with a first beam characteristic, the first beam characteristic being the same as a second beam characteristic associated with the second beam; and A beam recovery procedure is initiated with the first wireless device in response to receiving the radio link failure indication.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, further comprising an antenna array.

30. The device according to claim 28, wherein The first set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters, or the second set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters, or both include: one or more threshold values ​​of reference signal received power associated with one or more of the first beam or the second beam, the number of times when the reference signal received power is lower than the one or more threshold values, or any combination thereof.

31. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication performed by a first wireless device, the code comprising: Instructions executable by a processor to: establishing an uplink connection with a second wireless device using a first beam and establishing a downlink connection with the second wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam; initiating a first radio link monitoring procedure for the first beam on the uplink connection, wherein the first radio link monitoring procedure is associated with a first set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters; initiating a second radio link monitoring procedure for the second beam on the downlink connection based at least in part on initiating the first radio link monitoring procedure, wherein the second radio link monitoring procedure is associated with a second set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters that is different than the first set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters; selecting one or more candidate beams associated with a first beam characteristic that is the same as a second beam characteristic associated with the second beam; and A radio link failure indication including an indication of the one or more candidate beams is sent to the second wireless device based at least in part on a radio link failure, wherein the radio link failure is based at least in part on the second radio link monitoring process.

32. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 31 , wherein: The first radio link monitoring procedure is independent of the second radio link monitoring procedure.

33. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 31 , wherein: The instructions for one or more of the first radio link monitoring process and the second radio link monitoring process may be executed by the processor to perform the following operations: measuring an associated metric of the first beam or the second beam against one or more reference signals associated with the first beam or the second beam; as well as It is determined that the associated metric for the one or more reference signals has fallen below a threshold value for at least a configured number of occasions.

34. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication performed by a second wireless device, the code comprising: Instructions executable by a processor to: establishing an uplink connection with a first wireless device using a first beam and establishing a downlink connection with the first wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam; sending signaling to the first wireless device, the signaling indicating a first set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters for a first radio link monitoring process associated with the first beam and indicating a second set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters for a second radio link monitoring process associated with the second beam, wherein the first set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters for the first radio link monitoring process is different from the second set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters for the second radio link monitoring process; receiving, from the first wireless device, a radio link failure indication indicating that the second beam has a radio link failure, wherein the radio link failure indication comprises an indication of one or more candidate beams associated with a first beam characteristic, the first beam characteristic being the same as a second beam characteristic associated with the second beam; and A beam recovery procedure is initiated with the first wireless device in response to receiving the radio link failure indication.

35. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 34, wherein: The first radio link monitoring procedure is independent of the second radio link monitoring procedure.

36. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 34, wherein: The first set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters, or the second set of one or more radio link monitoring parameters, or both include: one or more threshold values ​​of reference signal received power associated with one or more of the first beam or the second beam, the number of times when the reference signal received power is lower than the one or more threshold values, or any combination thereof.

37. A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising: establishing an uplink connection with a second wireless device using a first beam and establishing a downlink connection with the second wireless device using a second beam different from the first beam; initiating a first radio link monitoring procedure for the first beam on the uplink connection, and initiating a second radio link monitoring procedure for the second beam on the downlink connection; determining a beam failure of one of the first beam or the second beam based on the first radio link monitoring procedure or the second radio link monitoring procedure; determining one or more candidate beams for one of the first beam or the second beam for which beam failure is determined, wherein the one or more candidate beams are determined based on the other of the first beam or the second beam for which beam failure is not determined; and A beam failure indication is sent to the second wireless device based on one of the first radio link monitoring process or the second radio link monitoring process, wherein the beam failure indication includes an indication of the one or more candidate beams of the first beam or one of the second beams for determining a beam failure.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein: The first radio link monitoring procedure is independent of the second radio link monitoring procedure.

39. The method of claim 37, wherein: One or more of the first radio link monitoring process or the second radio link monitoring process include: measuring an associated metric of the first beam or the second beam against one or more reference signals associated with the first beam or the second beam; and It is determined that the associated metric for the one or more reference signals has fallen below a threshold value for at least a configured number of occasions.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein: The associated metric of the first beam or the second beam includes at least one of the following of the one or more reference signals associated with the first beam or the second beam: reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR), reference signal strength indicator (RSSI), or any combination thereof.

41. The method of claim 39, wherein: One or more of the threshold value of the associated metric or the configured number of opportunities is different for the first beam and the second beam.

42. The method of claim 37, wherein: The beam failure indication for the second beam is reported as a downlink control channel failure, and the beam failure indication for the second beam is sent to the second wireless device using the first beam.

43. The method of claim 37, wherein: The radio link failure indication provides one or more candidate beams for a beam training process, the method further comprising: receiving a beam training indication from the second wireless device in response to the beam failure indication, the beam training indication being used to indicate that one or more reference signals are to be transmitted using one or more specific beams for the beam training process, wherein the one or more specific beams include at least one candidate beam of the one or more candidate beams; and The beam training process is initiated in response to the beam training indication.

44. The method of claim 43, further comprising: measuring one or more reference signals from one or more training beams received from the second wireless device; as well as A measurement report is sent to the second wireless device based at least in part on the measurement.

45. The method of claim 37, wherein: The sending the beam failure indication comprises: determining that a triggering event has occurred based on one or more counters associated with one or more beam quality thresholds; and The beam failure indication is sent in response to the occurrence of the triggering event.

46. ​​The method of claim 37, wherein: The sending the beam failure indication comprises: Based on one or more indications that the metric associated with the second beam has fallen below a threshold value, an indication of whether the metric associated with the second beam has fallen below the threshold value is reported for use in a beam recovery procedure.

47. The method of claim 37, wherein: One or more of the first beam or the second beam uses a millimeter wave frequency band including frequencies greater than 24.25 GHz.

48. The method of claim 37, wherein: The first wireless device is a user equipment (UE) or a customer premises equipment (CPE), and the second wireless device is a base station, a relay device, a router, a repeater, or an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node.

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