Borehole wall roughness measurement system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a borehole wall roughness measurement system and method. The method comprises the following steps: creating a general elliptic cylindrical surface fitting equation, and creating a fitting reference surface according to the general elliptic cylindrical surface fitting equation; configuring the fitting reference surface in a borehole wall coordinate system; expanding the borehole wall coordinate system along the fitting reference surface to obtain an expanded plane of the fitting reference surface; obtaining a plurality of axial sampling lines parallel to a borehole axis of the expanded plane; obtaining borehole axial profile lines corresponding to the axial sampling lines; and obtaining axial roughness evaluation parameters of the borehole axial profile lines.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of geological survey, in particular to a borehole wall roughness measurement system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of economy and national defense construction, large infrastructure projects are being carried out, especially in the fields of hydropower development, transportation, energy storage, resource exploitation, nuclear waste storage and important national defense projects. Most of these major projects are based on rock mass, and the technical personnel in this field inevitably pay attention to the structure of rock mass and ground stress.

[0003] The structure of rock mass is composed of two basic units of structural plane and structural body. The shape, size, properties and combination mode and connection characteristics of the structural plane and the structural body determine the intrinsic characteristics of the rock mass. Generally, according to the geological classification, integrity and type, level, combination and development degree of the structural plane, the rock mass is divided into integral block structure, stratified structure, fragmented structure and dispersed structure. Detecting the structure type of rock mass is of great significance to determine the stability of rock mass under engineering load. The research on structural plane has always been an important direction in the field of rock mass mechanics and engineering geology at home and abroad.

[0004] Ground stress is the force per unit area inside the medium caused by rock deformation, and is one of the basic environments of rock mass, mainly composed of self-weight stress and tectonic stress. The existence of ground stress affects the bearing capacity, deformation and failure mechanism of rock mass. Measuring ground stress in rock mass has theoretical and practical significance for solving related problems in geological structure research, earthquake prediction and mining, water conservancy, national defense and other engineering, and is one of the important contents of geomechanics research. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, in a first aspect, the present application discloses a borehole wall roughness measurement method. The method comprises: creating a general elliptic cylindrical fitting equation, and creating a fitting reference surface based on the general elliptic cylindrical fitting equation; configuring the fitting reference surface in the borehole wall coordinate system; expanding the borehole wall coordinate system along the fitting reference surface to obtain an expanded plane of the fitting reference surface; obtaining a plurality of axial sampling lines parallel to the borehole axis of the expanded plane; obtaining a borehole axial section line corresponding to the axial sampling line; and obtaining an axial roughness evaluation parameter of the borehole axial section line.

[0006] The embodiment of the present application discloses a borehole wall roughness measurement method in the second aspect. The method comprises: creating a general elliptic cylindrical surface fitting equation, and the general elliptic cylindrical surface fitting equation creates a fitting reference surface; configuring the fitting reference surface in a borehole wall coordinate system; expanding the borehole wall coordinate system along the fitting reference surface to obtain an expansion plane of the fitting reference surface; obtaining a plurality of circumferential sampling lines of the expansion plane perpendicular to a borehole axis; obtaining a borehole circumferential profile line corresponding to the circumferential sampling line; and obtaining a circumferential roughness evaluation parameter of the borehole circumferential profile line.

[0007] The embodiment of the present application discloses a borehole wall roughness measurement system in the second aspect. The system comprises a fitting module, a coordinate module, an extraction module and an evaluation module; the fitting module is used to create a general elliptic cylindrical surface fitting equation, and the general elliptic cylindrical surface fitting equation creates a fitting reference surface; the coordinate module is used to configure the fitting reference surface in a borehole wall coordinate system, expand the borehole wall coordinate system along the fitting reference surface to obtain an expansion plane of the fitting reference surface; the extraction module is used to obtain a plurality of axial sampling lines of the expansion plane parallel to a borehole axis, and obtain a borehole axial profile line corresponding to the axial sampling line; and the evaluation module is used to obtain an axial roughness evaluation parameter of the borehole axial profile line.

[0008] The embodiment of the present application discloses a borehole wall roughness measurement system in the fourth aspect. The system comprises a fitting module, a coordinate module, an extraction module and an evaluation module; the fitting module is used to create a general elliptic cylindrical surface fitting equation, and the general elliptic cylindrical surface fitting equation creates a fitting reference surface; the coordinate module is used to configure the fitting reference surface in a borehole wall coordinate system, expand the borehole wall coordinate system along the fitting reference surface to obtain an expansion plane of the fitting reference surface; the extraction module is used to obtain a plurality of circumferential sampling lines of the expansion plane parallel to a borehole axis, and obtain a borehole circumferential profile line corresponding to the circumferential sampling line; and the evaluation module is used to obtain a circumferential roughness evaluation parameter of the borehole circumferential profile line.

[0009] For the above-mentioned scheme, the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the disclosed exemplary embodiments, and other features and advantages of the embodiments of the present application will also be made clear. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0010] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some of the embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0011] Figure 1 Figure 1 is a top view of the system of an embodiment;

[0012] Figure 2 Figure 2 is a perspective view of the system of an embodiment;

[0013] Figure 3 Figure 3 is a perspective view of the housing assembly of an embodiment;

[0014] Figure 4 Figure 4 is a perspective view of the conical mirror assembly of an embodiment;

[0015] Figure 5(a) is a perspective view of the upper conical frustum mirror of an embodiment;

[0016] Figure 5(b) is an A-section view of the upper conical frustum mirror of an embodiment;

[0017] Figure 6 Figure 6(a) is a perspective view of the lower conical frustum mirror of an embodiment;

[0018] Figure 7 Figure 7 is a perspective view of the laser assembly of an embodiment;

[0019] Figure 8 is a perspective view of the laser conical mirror of an embodiment;

[0020] Figure 9 Figure 9 is a perspective view of the collection assembly of an embodiment;

[0021] Figure 10 Figure 10(a) is a perspective view of the system image collection mode of an embodiment;

[0022] Figure 11(a) is a perspective view of the system laser collection mode of an embodiment;

[0023] Figure 11(b) is a top view of the system laser collection mode of an embodiment;

[0024] Figure 12 Figure 12 is a perspective view of the system of an embodiment;

[0025] Figure 13 Figure 13 is a flow chart of the method of drilling hole wall projection imaging of an embodiment;

[0026] Figure 14 Figure 14 is a flow chart of the method of drilling hole wall roughness measurement of an embodiment;

[0027] Figure 15(a) and Figure 15(b) are schematic diagrams of the method of drilling hole wall roughness measurement of an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The specific embodiments of the present application will now be described in conjunction with the attached drawings and working examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the present application and not to limit the scope of the present application.

[0029] The embodiments of the present application disclose a drilling hole wall roughness measuring system based on optical reflection principle, which is applied to the hole wall projection imaging of a geological drilling hole.

[0030] Figure 1 The system of the embodiment comprises at least a measuring device 100, a lifting device 300 and a host computer 400.

[0031] The measuring device 100 is used to acquire the hole wall projection image of the drilling hole wall 530 at the current height and / or a certain depth range based on the height. The lifting device 300 is used to drive the measuring device 100 to move along the drilling hole in the vertical direction. The host computer 400 is used to receive the hole wall projection images acquired by the measuring device 100 at different heights, and form the hole wall projection imaging of the geological drilling hole by means of image stitching.

[0032] Reference Figure 2 As shown, the measuring device 100 in the embodiment comprises a shell assembly 110, a conical mirror assembly 120, a laser assembly 130 and an acquisition assembly 140.

[0033] Figure 3 As shown, the whole shell assembly 110 is in a cylindrical shape, and comprises, from the distal end deep into the drilling hole to the proximal end close to the surface of the stratum, an outer shell bottom cover 111, a glass cylinder upper connecting piece 113, a transparent glass cylinder 112, a glass cylinder lower connecting piece 116, an outer shell rear cover 114 and an inner support 115. The outer shell bottom cover 111, the glass cylinder upper connecting piece 113, the transparent glass cylinder 112, the glass cylinder lower connecting piece 116 and the outer shell rear cover 114 are all cylindrical structures with close cross-sectional radii. The outer shell bottom cover 111, the glass cylinder upper connecting piece 113, the transparent glass cylinder 112, the glass cylinder lower connecting piece 116 and the outer shell rear cover 114 are connected in sequence along the axial direction. The outer shell bottom cover 111 is connected with the glass cylinder upper connecting piece 113, and the glass cylinder lower connecting piece 116 is threadedly connected with the outer shell rear cover 114.

[0034] Specifically, the end of the lower glass cylinder connector 116 towards the upper glass cylinder connector 113 is formed with an inwardly recessed lower annular step surface on the side wall. The end of the upper glass cylinder connector 113 towards the lower glass cylinder connector 116 is formed with an inwardly recessed upper annular step surface on the side wall. The two ends of the transparent glass cylinder 112 are respectively fitted with the lower annular step surface and the upper annular step surface. After the transparent glass cylinder 112 is fitted with the upper annular step surface and the lower annular step surface, liquid colloid for bonding and sealing is injected between the transparent glass cylinder 112 and the upper annular step surface and the lower annular step surface. After the liquid colloid solidifies, the transparent glass cylinder 112 is stably connected with the upper annular step surface and the lower annular step surface. The inner support 115 is connected to the housing assembly 110 for mounting the collection assembly 140, and the cable port is provided on the outer shell back cover 114 for wired communication between the collection assembly 140 and the outside.

[0035] Figure 4 As shown, the conical mirror assembly 120 is mounted in the housing assembly 110. The conical mirror assembly 120 is composed of a truncated mirror support 123, an upper conical truncated mirror 121, and a lower conical truncated mirror 122. The upper conical truncated mirror 121 and the lower conical truncated mirror 122 are coaxially combined along the length direction to form a conical body. The truncated mirror support 123 is threadedly connected to the inner side of the lower glass cylinder connector 116, and the lower conical truncated mirror 122 is threadedly connected to the end surface of the truncated mirror support 123 towards the outer shell back cover 114. The upper conical truncated mirror 121 is threadedly connected to the end surface of the lower conical truncated mirror 122 towards the outer shell back cover 114. The upper conical truncated mirror 121 and the lower conical truncated mirror 122 have different conical angles and their axes coincide with the axis of the housing assembly 110.

[0036] As shown in FIG. 5(a) and FIG. 5(b), in this embodiment, the upper conical truncated mirror 121 and the lower conical truncated mirror 122 are respectively provided with upper and lower conical surfaces with different conical angles.

[0037] The conical angle of the upper conical surface provided by the upper conical truncated mirror 121 is designed as a°, and 4 segments of cut grooves with a rotation angle of c° are provided on the lower wall surface of the upper conical surface along the axis. The depth of each cut groove requires to penetrate the wall surface, and the rotation angle between adjacent cut grooves is b°, wherein c°, b° < 90° and b° + c° = 90°. Then the laser beam 560 passing through the cut groove will project a fan-shaped irradiation on the drilled hole wall 530. Then when the drilled hole wall 530 is away from the center of the measuring device 100, the drilled hole wall 530 on the plane of the light beam is partially or completely irradiated.

[0038] Preferably, c° can be greater than or much greater than b°, so that in the embodiment where the drilled hole wall 530 is closer to the measuring device 100, the fan-shaped area of the light beam emitted from the cut groove is large, so as to increase the irradiation range of the drilled hole wall 530.

[0039] In some embodiments, b° can be greater than or much greater than c°, and a diffuser is installed in the cutout for increasing the fan area of the light beam emitted from the cutout, so as to increase the range of the drilling hole wall 530 irradiated.

[0040] Figure 6 As shown, the lower conical surface truncated mirror 122 in the embodiment is provided with a lower conical surface combined with the upper conical surface, and the conical angle of the lower conical surface is designed as d°, d°≠a°.

[0041] In the embodiment, after the upper conical surface truncated mirror 121 and the lower conical surface truncated mirror 122 are threadedly connected, the cutout is located between the upper conical surface and the lower conical surface, and is perpendicular to the drilling hole wall 530 of the geological drilling hole in the direction of the axis of the shell assembly 110.

[0042] Figure 3 As shown, the laser assembly 130 is installed in the shell assembly 110, and is specifically fixedly connected with the truncated mirror bracket 123. Figure 7 As shown, the laser assembly 130 is composed of a laser conical surface mirror 131, a laser transparent glass cylinder 132, a focusing lens 133, a laser diode 134, and a laser shell 135.

[0043] The middle part of the truncated mirror bracket 123 is configured with a bracket opening penetrating through, and the laser shell 135 is threadedly connected with the bracket opening.

[0044] The laser shell 135 is provided with an annular cutout at the end portion facing the bracket opening. The laser transparent glass cylinder 132 is located at the inner side of the lower conical surface truncated mirror 122, and the end portion is inserted into the annular cutout. The portion of the laser transparent glass cylinder 132 inserted into the annular cutout is applied with liquid glue for bonding. After the liquid glue is solidified, the laser transparent glass cylinder 132 and the laser shell 135 are stably connected. The laser diode 134 is arranged in the laser shell 135, and is stably connected with the laser shell 135 by bonding. The focusing lens 133 is arranged between the laser shell 135 and the laser transparent glass cylinder 132. The end surface of the laser shell 135 facing the laser transparent glass cylinder 132 is formed with a mounting platform inwardly. The focusing lens 133 is stably connected with the laser shell 135 by being sealed and bonded on the mounting platform, and the laser shell 135 and the laser transparent glass cylinder 132 are sealed and separated.

[0045] The laser conical surface mirror 131 is arranged in the laser transparent glass cylinder 132, and is stably connected with the laser transparent glass cylinder 132 by bonding.

[0046] In Figure 8(a) and Figure 8(b) show that the axis of the laser cone mirror 131 is the same as the axis of the housing assembly 110, the tip is vertically downward towards the center of the laser diode 134, and the cone angle is designed as e°. Then the laser beam 560 emitted by the laser diode 134 is incident on the tip point of the laser cone mirror 131 and the cone surface with the tip point as the center after passing through the focusing lens 133. The cone surface of the laser cone mirror 131 reflects the laser beam 560 horizontally at a right angle, so that the incident light of the laser cone mirror 131 is parallel to the axis of the housing assembly 110, and the reflected light is perpendicular to the axis of the housing assembly 110. At the same time, the reflected light of the laser cone mirror 131 passes through the cut groove of the upper cone truncated mirror 121 and is projected on the drilled hole wall 530.

[0047] When the laser beam 560 is projected on the drilled hole wall 530, part of the drilled hole wall 530 is illuminated. The illuminated part of the drilled hole wall 530 reflects part of the laser beam 560 as incident light to the upper and lower cone surfaces respectively. The upper and lower cone surfaces reflect the incident light respectively and project the reflected light to the direction of the rear cover 114 of the shell, specifically to the lens axis of the camera device. Because the upper and lower cone truncated mirrors, the laser cone mirror and the laser are located on the axis of the housing assembly 110, the multiple reflected lights reflected by the upper cone surface will converge at a focal point on the axis of the housing assembly 110, and the multiple reflected lights reflected by the lower cone surface will converge at a focal point on the axis of the housing assembly 110.

[0048] Preferably, the periphery of the laser shell 135 is provided with a limiting outer peripheral plate protruding outward, and the diameter of the limiting outer peripheral plate is greater than the diameter of the support opening. Then the limiting outer peripheral plate and the support opening can be configured to limit the installation of the laser assembly 130 in the cone mirror assembly 120.

[0049] Figure 9 It is shown that the collection assembly 140 is installed in the inner support 115 in this embodiment. The collection assembly 140 includes a collection shell, a processing circuit 141, a camera 142 and an LED lamp group 144.

[0050] In this embodiment, the processing circuit 141, the camera 142 and the LED lamp group 144 are installed in the collection shell, and the collection shell is screw-connected to the inner support 115.

[0051] Specifically, the camera 142 is installed in the collection shell, and the lens of the collection shell is coaxial with the shell assembly 110, and the lens of the camera 142 vertically downward projection area covers at least the entire upper conical surface and part of the lower conical surface. The LED lamp set 144 is installed around the camera lens 143 in the annular lamp plate, and the annular lamp plate is fixedly connected with the collection shell. The processing circuit 141 is a power supply and compass data collection circuit, which is an integrated electronic component made of electronic compass, voltage conversion module, noise reduction filter module, digital-to-analog conversion module and other finished electronic components, that is, integrated on a PCB circuit board. The PCB circuit board realizes the functions of geomagnetic direction measurement, voltage conversion, interference reduction, and analog-to-digital signal conversion. The PCB circuit board is threadedly connected with the collection shell. The camera 142 and the LED lamp beads are connected with the corresponding circuit of the PCB circuit board through signal lines.

[0052] Based on this, the measurement device 100 in the embodiment provides at least two different collection modes, namely image collection mode and laser collection mode.

[0053] Figure 10 The optical structure of the image collection mode in the embodiment is shown.

[0054] When the measurement device 100 in the embodiment is implemented in the image collection mode, first, the LED lamp set 144 emits a white light beam for illumination vertically downward in the shell assembly 110, and the white light beam changes to a horizontal beam angle after passing through the upper conical surface truncated mirror 121 and the lower conical surface truncated mirror 122. The changed white light beam irradiates the drilling hole wall 530 of the geological drilling hole after passing through the transparent glass cylinder 112, so that the drilling hole wall 530 can be clearly illuminated. Later, the illuminated part of the drilling hole wall 530 emits white light upper conical surface projection light rays and lower conical surface projection light rays 550, the upper conical surface projection light rays 540 are reflected by the upper conical surface truncated mirror 121 and then enter the lens of the camera 142, and the lower conical surface projection light rays 550 are reflected by the lower conical surface truncated mirror 122 and then enter the lens optical center of the camera 142.

[0055] Then, the measurement device 100 in the embodiment can clearly obtain the projection image of the white light of the drilling hole wall 530 when it is at a horizontal height. At the same time, due to the different cone angles of the upper conical surface truncated mirror 121 and the lower conical surface truncated mirror 122, according to the different configured cone angles, the first projection image obtained by the lens of the camera 142 through the upper conical surface truncated mirror 121 corresponds to the first hole wall area, and the second projection image obtained by the lens of the camera 142 through the lower conical surface truncated mirror 122 corresponds to the second hole wall area, which may appear tangent, intersect and away from each other.

[0056] When tangent, the first hole wall area and the second hole wall area are adjacent and do not overlap, and the camera 142 respectively obtains the projection images of the first hole wall area and the second hole wall area at the current horizontal height.

[0057] In the far away case, the first hole wall region and the second hole wall region are not adjacent, and the camera 142 respectively acquires the projection image of the first hole wall region and the second hole wall region at the current horizontal height.

[0058] In the intersecting case, the first hole wall region and the second hole wall region are adjacent and partially overlap, and the camera 142 respectively acquires the projection image of the first hole wall region and the second hole wall region at the current horizontal height, and the camera 142 acquires the projection image of the first hole wall region and the second hole wall region with partial overlap, i.e., the camera 142 can acquire the projection image of the same hole wall region from different perspectives.

[0059] FIGS. 11(a) and 11(b) show the optical structure of the laser acquisition mode in the embodiment.

[0060] In the laser acquisition mode, the measuring device 100 first emits a laser beam 560 for calibration vertically upward in the laser housing 135, the laser beam 560 changes to be horizontal and scattered around after being reflected by the laser cone body, the changed laser beam 560 passes through the cutting groove and enters between the laser assembly 130 and the shell assembly 110, and then is projected to the drill hole wall 530 through the transparent glass cylinder 112. The laser beam 560 forms a single-tone light band on the drill hole wall 530. Subsequently, the part of the drill hole wall 530 illuminated by the single-tone light band emits the upper cone projection light rays and the lower cone projection light rays 550, the upper cone projection light rays 540 are reflected by the upper cone truncated mirror 121 and then enter the lens of the camera 142, and the lower cone projection light rays 550 are reflected by the lower cone truncated mirror 122 and then enter the lens optical center of the camera 142.

[0061] Therefore, the measuring device 100 in the embodiment can clearly acquire the projection image of the laser on the drill hole wall 530 at a horizontal height. At the same time, due to the different cone angles of the upper cone truncated mirror 121 and the lower cone truncated mirror 122, according to the different configuration of the cone angles, the first projection image acquired by the lens of the camera 142 through the upper cone truncated mirror 121 corresponds to the first hole wall region, and the second projection image acquired by the lens of the camera 142 through the lower cone truncated mirror 122 corresponds to the second hole wall region, which may appear the same three cases of tangential, intersecting and far away as in the image acquisition mode, which will not be described here.

[0062] Figure 12As shown, the lifting device 300 in this embodiment includes a pull cable mechanism, an integrated upper cable 220 and lower cable 210, and a roller. The roller is synchronously installed with a rotation angle encoder. The distal end of the lower cable 210 is configured with a threaded connecting rod, which is threaded to the vertically downward housing rear cover 114. And a cable is wrapped in the upper cable 220 and the lower cable 210. The cable passes through the accommodation hole of the housing rear cover 114 and is connected to the PCB circuit board, and is connected to the corresponding circuit of the PCB circuit board, for transmitting the collected media stream and other signals to the upper computer 400. At the same time, as a medium for lifting the measuring device 100, the proximal end of the upper cable 220 passes around the roller to horizontally face the upper computer 400, and the cable extending from the upper cable 220 is connected to the upper computer 400. Then when the pull cable mechanism displaces the cable, the measuring device 100 can also change the current horizontal height in the borehole. Of course, the pull cable mechanism can be any mechanism that can pull the cable.

[0063] Then, when the camera 142 acquires image data, the camera 142 transmits the collected image data to the PCB circuit for processing. After the image data is modulated, converted, and the corresponding geomagnetic data of the image is marked, it is transmitted to the upper computer 400 through the transmission cable. The upper computer 400 acquires the borehole wall projection image according to the processed image data. At the same time, the upper computer 400 acquires the moving direction and distance of the current measuring device 100 according to the rotation angle encoder, and calculates the current horizontal height according to the initial horizontal height of the measuring device 100. At this time, the upper computer 400 can associate each horizontal height with the corresponding acquired borehole wall projection image and geomagnetic data.

[0064] In the image acquisition mode of this embodiment, after the upper computer 400 acquires the borehole wall projection images of multiple horizontal heights, the borehole wall projection images of the horizontal heights are transformed and spliced to form a continuous projection image, that is, the borehole wall projection imaging of the geological borehole in the full hole section and the arbitrary depth range of the borehole can be realized.

[0065] In the laser acquisition mode of this embodiment, the upper computer 400 performs coordinate calculation based on polar coordinates to measure the three-dimensional geometric shape of the borehole wall 530.

[0066] Considering that the depth range of the geological borehole is large, the area range of the acquired borehole wall 530 at each horizontal height of the system is small. Therefore, in order to realize the borehole wall projection imaging of the geological borehole in the full hole section and the arbitrary depth range, the borehole wall projection images acquired by the upper computer 400 need to be spliced.

[0067] For this purpose, the present embodiment discloses a measurement method applied to a geological borehole. The method uses the borehole wall roughness measurement system disclosed in the present application, and the system is based on an image acquisition mode.

[0068] S101, the transmission cable is driven to move in the vertical direction by the pulling rope device together with the measuring device 100, the displacement of the transmission cable makes the roller rotate, the rotation angle and direction of the roller are collected by the angle encoder, and the angle signal and direction signal are transmitted to the host computer 400, and the host computer 400 obtains the real-time horizontal height of the measuring device 100 according to the rotation angle, direction and initial horizontal height of the roller.

[0069] S102, the LED lamp group 144 emits a white light beam vertically downward, and the white light beam is reflected by the laser mirror assembly and passes through the shell assembly 110 to illuminate the borehole wall 530, so that the borehole wall 530 in the current horizontal height range is illuminated.

[0070] S103, the illuminated part of the borehole wall 530 emits upper and lower conical projection light rays 550, which are projected onto the upper and lower conical truncated mirrors 121 and 122.

[0071] S104, the upper and lower conical truncated mirrors 121 and 122 reflect the upper and lower conical projection light rays 550 to the camera lens center 510, respectively.

[0072] S105, the lens of the camera 142 acquires image signals after acquiring the reflected upper and lower conical projection light rays, and sends the image signals to the processor, the image signals are modulated and converted, and the image signals are sent to the host computer 400 after the magnetic direction data of the image is marked, so as to obtain the borehole wall projection image.

[0073] S106, when the measuring device 100 moves along the axis of the geological borehole, the host computer 400 acquires the borehole wall projection image of each horizontal height, and the rotation angle and direction of the angle encoder, and makes the borehole wall projection image correspond to the conversion angle and rotation direction.

[0074] S107, the host computer 400 calculates the moving distance and direction of the measuring device 100 according to the rotation angle, rotation direction and roller diameter, and makes the continuous borehole wall projection images correspond to the moving distance, moving direction and magnetic direction, and the host computer 400 forms the borehole wall projection imaging of the whole section and any depth range of the geological borehole according to the conversion and splicing of multiple borehole wall projection images.

[0075] In view of the fact that the geological borehole is inside the rock mass, and the stress condition and structure of the rock mass inside the rock mass, the geological borehole is deformed to different degrees, such as the stress can deform the cross section of the geological borehole in the complete rock mass from a circle to an ellipse, and the stress can also cause the displacement of the incomplete rock mass, and the sliding surface is formed between the two rock masses that are displaced relative to each other, and when the geological borehole passes through the sliding surface, the movement of the rock mass will make the geological borehole wall 530 discontinuous, forming a cliff and a step surface. Therefore, the shape of the geological borehole wall 530 in the rock mass is related to the properties and structure of the rock mass, and the analysis of the three-dimensional geometric shape of the borehole wall 530 is of important practical significance and research value.

[0076] To this end, the embodiment discloses a measurement method applied to the borehole wall. In order to analyze the three-dimensional geometric shape of the borehole wall 530 and realize complete three-dimensional measurement, the method uses the borehole wall roughness measurement system disclosed in the present application, and the system is based on a laser acquisition mode.

[0077] Previously, when the borehole wall 530 of the geological borehole enters the overlapping area 520 formed by the upper conical surface projection light and the lower conical surface projection light 550, the laser is vertically irradiated on the geological borehole wall 530, and then the borehole wall 530 forms a single-tone light band, and an imaging point P of the borehole wall 530 and a symmetric point P' are illuminated by the single-tone light band.

[0078] The illuminated borehole wall 530 in the overlapping area 520 projects two single-tone projection light bands on the upper conical surface truncated mirror 121 and the lower conical surface truncated mirror 122 respectively, and the imaging point P of the borehole wall 530 projects to the upper conical surface of the upper conical surface truncated mirror 121 as point A and to the lower conical surface of the lower conical surface truncated mirror 122 as point C, and the symmetric point P' projects to the upper conical surface of the upper conical surface truncated mirror 121 as point B and to the lower conical surface of the lower conical surface truncated mirror 122 as point D.

[0079] The projection of the upper conical surface truncated mirror 121 and the lower conical surface truncated mirror 122 is incident to the lens center of the camera 142, the image information of the projection is captured by the photosensitive element of the camera 142, and the projected borehole wall projection image is acquired by the camera 142. At this time, the points A and B of the upper conical surface truncated mirror 121 correspond to points A' and B' in the borehole wall projection image of the camera 142 respectively. The points C and D of the lower conical surface truncated mirror 122 correspond to points C' and D' in the borehole wall projection image of the camera 142 respectively.

[0080] When the borehole wall 530 and the measuring device 100 are relatively displaced, the upper conical truncated mirror 121 and the lower conical truncated mirror 122 are relatively displaced with respect to the borehole wall 530, the positions of the projection points (points A, B, C, D) of the points P and P' on the conical surfaces of the upper conical truncated mirror 121 and the lower conical truncated mirror 122 are synchronously changed, so that the positions of the projection points (points A', B', C', D') of the borehole wall projection image projected by the camera 142 are also changed.

[0081] Further, the embodiment provides a method for calculating the spatial position of the symmetry point P' of the borehole wall 530 in the polar coordinate system and three-dimensional geometric shape measurement.

[0082] S201, the spatial position of the lens optical center of the camera 142 is point F, O1 is the midpoint of the bottom of the lower conical truncated mirror 122, and the center point of the photosensitive element of the camera 142 is point O.

[0083] S202, a polar coordinate system of the measuring device 100 is created, that is, the direction of O1 F is the polar axis, O1 is the origin, the north direction of the geomagnetic direction is the zero position, and the polar coordinate system clockwise is the positive direction.

[0084] S203, the symmetry point P' of the borehole wall 530 is projected on the lower conical truncated mirror 122 as point D, and is projected on the upper conical truncated mirror 121 as point B. Through the camera lens optical center 510, a projection image is formed on the photosensitive element, the projection point of point D on the photosensitive element is point D', and the projection point of point B on the photosensitive element is point B'.

[0085] S204, according to the fixed connection among the photosensitive element, the lens optical center of the camera 142, the lower conical truncated mirror 122, and the upper conical truncated mirror 121, it can be known that the distance O1 F from the midpoint (point O1) of the bottom of the lower conical truncated mirror 122 to the camera lens optical center 510 (point F), and the distance OF from the camera lens optical center 510 (point F) to the midpoint (point O) of the photosensitive element. According to the positional relationship between the projection points (points D', B') of the photosensitive element and the center point (point O) of the photosensitive element, the mechanical dimensions of the upper conical truncated mirror 121 and the lower conical truncated mirror 122, and the relative spatial positional relationship of the mechanical components, the spatial position of point P' in the polar coordinate system can be determined.

[0086] Then, when the laser beam 560 is irradiated on the borehole wall 530, and the single-tone light band is formed on the borehole wall 530, if the symmetry point P' is in the single-tone light band, according to the relative positional relationship of the single-tone light band with respect to the center point (point O) of the photosensitive element in the borehole wall projection image of the camera 142, the spatial position of the borehole wall illuminated by the single-tone light band in the polar coordinate system can be calculated.

[0087] S205, moving the measuring device 100 along the axial direction of the borehole, so that the borehole wall 530 at different levels is illuminated by the single-tone light belt, and the camera 142 continuously collects the projection images of the borehole wall at different levels. At the same time, the rotation angle and direction of the rotary encoder are collected in real time, so that the spatial position of the borehole wall in the polar coordinate system corresponds to the rotation angle and direction of the rotary encoder.

[0088] S206, according to the rotation angle and direction of the rotary encoder, the moving distance and moving direction of the measuring device 100 are calculated, and the correspondence between the spatial position of the continuous borehole wall in the polar coordinate system and the moving distance, moving direction and geomagnetic direction data is created.

[0089] S207, because the cross-sectional reference shape of the geological borehole is generally elliptical, the reference shape of the geological borehole wall 530 is generally an elliptic cylinder. Then, taking the axial direction of the borehole as the polar axis, the center point of the borehole mouth as the origin, and the north direction of the geomagnetic direction as the zero position, the clockwise direction as the positive direction, the polar coordinate system of the borehole wall 530 is created. When the polar axis of the polar coordinate system is collinear with the polar axis of the measuring device 100, and the origin of the polar coordinate system is the relative distance between the midpoint of the bottom of the lower cone 122 and the center point of the borehole mouth, the spatial position of the borehole wall obtained in the device polar coordinate system of the measuring device 100 can be converted into the three-dimensional spatial position of the borehole wall 530, and the three-dimensional geometric shape of the borehole wall 530 in the full hole section and the arbitrary depth range can be obtained.

[0090] Further, the geological borehole commonly used in the field of geotechnical engineering, such as anchor hole, pile foundation hole, etc., has different roughness on the surface of the hole wall. The roughness of the borehole wall 530 affects the side friction of the pile foundation, anchor, anchor rod and other structures. Therefore, using roughness evaluation parameters to describe the roughness characteristics of the hole wall has certain engineering practical significance and research value.

[0091] In this regard, the embodiment discloses a method for measuring the roughness of the borehole wall of a geological borehole. The method uses the system disclosed in the present application, and the system is based on a laser collection mode. Figure 14 The steps when the method is implemented are shown.

[0092] S301, according to the known spatial position data of the borehole wall in the polar coordinate system of the borehole wall 530 and the least square method principle, a general elliptic cylinder fitting equation of the borehole wall 530 is created, and a fitting reference surface 610 is created according to the general elliptic cylinder fitting equation.

[0093] S302, the coordinate system of the borehole wall 530 is created, the point of the geomagnetic north direction of the fitting reference surface 610 is taken as the zero position, the β axis is created along the direction of the borehole wall 530, the Depth axis is created along the depth direction, and the Δd axis is created perpendicular to the direction of the fitting reference surface 610.

[0094] S303, coordinate transformation is performed on the borehole wall 530 coordinate system, so that the borehole wall coordinate system is unfolded along the β axis plane. FIG. 15(a) and FIG. 15(b) show that the plane unfolding figure of the borehole wall coordinate system is formed, and the unfolded plane 620 of the fitting reference surface is obtained.

[0095] S304, in the unfolded plane 620 of the fitting reference surface, n axial sampling lines 630 of the same length are extracted at equal β intervals and parallel to the Depth axis, and borehole wall axial profile lines 640 corresponding to the axial sampling lines 630 are extracted. The roughness evaluation parameters of the borehole wall axial profile lines 640, such as height characteristic parameters, spacing characteristic parameters, shape characteristic parameters, and fractal dimension, are calculated, and the average value of the roughness evaluation parameters of the n borehole wall axial profile lines 640 is calculated. The correspondence between the roughness evaluation parameters and the borehole wall 530 is created, and the axial roughness characteristics of the borehole wall region in the measurement range are characterized.

[0096] S305, in the unfolded plane 620 of the fitting reference surface, the circumferential sampling lines 650 of the borehole cross-sectional perimeter length are extracted along the β axis, and the borehole wall circumferential profile lines 660 corresponding to the circumferential sampling lines 650 are extracted. The roughness evaluation parameters of the borehole wall circumferential profile lines 660, such as height characteristic parameters, spacing characteristic parameters, shape characteristic parameters, and fractal dimension, are calculated, and the correspondence between the roughness evaluation parameters and the geological borehole wall 530 is created, and the circumferential roughness characteristics of the borehole wall region in the measurement range are characterized.

[0097] The preferred embodiments of the present application are only for the purpose of the present application, and are not used to limit the present application. The present application can have various modifications and changes for those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for measuring borehole wall roughness, characterized in that, the method comprises: creating a general elliptic cylindrical fitting equation, and the general elliptic cylindrical fitting equation creates a fitting reference surface; configuring the fitting reference surface in a borehole wall coordinate system; expanding the borehole wall coordinate system along the fitting reference surface to obtain an expanded plane of the fitting reference surface; obtaining a plurality of axial sampling lines of the expanded plane parallel to the borehole axis; obtaining a plurality of circumferential sampling lines of the expanded plane perpendicular to the borehole axis; obtaining borehole axial profile lines corresponding to the axial sampling lines; obtaining borehole circumferential profile lines corresponding to the circumferential sampling lines; obtaining axial roughness evaluation parameters of the borehole axial profile lines; obtaining circumferential roughness evaluation parameters of the borehole circumferential profile lines; wherein, the borehole wall coordinate system is configured to, obtain at least two borehole projection points of the borehole wall projection points at the current horizontal height; create a first polar coordinate system, and calculate the first spatial position of the borehole imaging point in the first polar coordinate system according to the parameters of the measuring device and at least two borehole projection points; create a second polar coordinate of the borehole wall, establish the coordinate conversion relationship between the first polar coordinate and the second polar coordinate according to the position relationship between the measuring device and the borehole space, obtain the second spatial position of the borehole imaging point in the second polar coordinate according to the first spatial position and the coordinate conversion relationship, and obtain the borehole wall coordinate system according to the second spatial position of the borehole imaging point at least two continuous horizontal heights. 2.The method for measuring borehole wall roughness according to claim 1, characterized in that, obtaining the axial parameter average value of the axial roughness evaluation parameters of a plurality of borehole axial profile lines; creating a corresponding relationship between the axial parameter average value and the borehole wall at the current horizontal height; obtaining the axial parameter average value at at least two horizontal heights as the axial roughness characteristics of the whole or part of the borehole wall. 3.The method for measuring borehole wall roughness according to claim 1, characterized in that, obtaining the circumferential parameter average value of the circumferential roughness evaluation parameters of a plurality of borehole circumferential profile lines; creating a corresponding relationship between the circumferential parameter average value and the borehole wall at the current horizontal height; obtaining the circumferential parameter average value at at least two horizontal heights as the circumferential roughness characteristics of the whole or part of the borehole wall. 4.The method for measuring borehole wall roughness according to claim 1, characterized in that, the measuring device is configured with a shell assembly, a laser assembly and a camera device arranged in the shell assembly; the lifting device is configured to modulate the horizontal height of the shell assembly in the axial direction of the borehole; the laser assembly is configured to irradiate at least the borehole wall at the current horizontal height; the camera device is configured to obtain the borehole projection point of the borehole imaging point irradiated. 5.The method for measuring borehole wall roughness according to claim 4, characterized in that, the measuring device is configured with a conical mirror arranged in the shell assembly; the lens of the camera device is parallel to the axial line of the conical mirror, and covers at least part of the conical mirror. The covered part of the conical mirror is configured with an upper conical mirror and a lower conical mirror; The conical angles of the upper conical mirror and the lower conical mirror are different; The imaging device obtains a first hole wall projection point through the upper conical mirror; The imaging device obtains a second hole wall projection point through the lower conical mirror; The upper computer is configured to obtain a first spatial position of the hole wall imaging point in the first polar coordinate system according to the parameters of the measuring device and the first hole wall projection point and the second hole wall projection point.

6. A drilling hole wall roughness measurement system, characterized in that, The system comprises a fitting module, a coordinate module, an extraction module and an evaluation module; The fitting module is used to create a general elliptic cylindrical surface fitting equation, and the general elliptic cylindrical surface fitting equation creates a fitting reference surface; The coordinate module is used to configure the fitting reference surface in a drilling hole wall coordinate system, to develop the drilling hole wall coordinate system along the fitting reference surface, so as to obtain a developed plane of the fitting reference surface; The extraction module is used to obtain a plurality of axial sampling lines of the developed plane parallel to the drilling hole axis, to obtain a plurality of circumferential sampling lines of the developed plane perpendicular to the drilling hole axis, to obtain hole wall axial section lines corresponding to the axial sampling lines, and to obtain hole wall circumferential section lines corresponding to the circumferential sampling lines; The evaluation module is used to obtain axial roughness evaluation parameters of the hole wall axial section lines, and to obtain circumferential roughness evaluation parameters of the hole wall circumferential section lines; The coordinate module is configured to, Obtain at least two hole wall projection points of the hole wall projection point at the current horizontal height; Create a first polar coordinate system, and calculate a first spatial position of the hole wall imaging point in the first polar coordinate system according to the parameters of the measuring device and the at least two hole wall projection points; Create a second polar coordinate of the drilling hole wall, establish a coordinate conversion relationship between the first polar coordinate and the second polar coordinate according to the position relationship between the measuring device and the drilling space, obtain a second spatial position of the hole wall imaging point in the second polar coordinate according to the first spatial position and the coordinate conversion relationship, and obtain the drilling hole wall coordinate system according to the second spatial positions of the hole wall imaging points at at least two continuous horizontal heights. ​

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