A method for separating multi-components of asphalt

Abstract

A method for separating multi-components of asphalt. The present invention relates to the field of chemical separation and analysis of multi-components of asphalt, and specifically, a method for separating multi-components of asphalt. The present invention is to solve the problems that the effective sample amount obtained by the existing separation method is small, the experimental error is relatively large, the component separation interface is not obvious or the components cannot be effectively separated. An asphaltene separation device and an adsorption separation device are used to separate asphalt components, and the contents of each asphalt component are obtained. The present invention is used for separating multi-components of asphalt.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of chemical separation and analysis of multi-components of asphalt, and specifically to a method for separating multi-components of asphalt. Background Art

[0002] Asphalt is a multi-component highly dispersed material with special viscoelastic properties. Due to the differences in high and low temperature properties among different components, asphalt softens at high temperatures and is easy to process and form, and hardens at low temperatures to increase strength to resist load effects. It is often used as high-grade pavement paving, building waterproofing, anti-corrosion and insulation materials. In the fields of petrochemical and transportation, it is generally considered that asphalt is composed of four components: asphaltene, resin, aromatic fraction, and saturate fraction. From this, the colloidal structure theory of asphalt is further developed, believing that the colloidal structure determines the mechanical properties of asphalt. During the production process of asphalt, the method of blending different proportions of asphalt with four components is usually adopted to produce high-quality qualified asphalt products. Therefore, the method for separating and analyzing asphalt components is the basis of asphalt production and processing.

[0003] The components of asphalt are defined by the solubility differences of asphalt in different solvents. Among them, asphaltene is the component that is insoluble in n-heptane and soluble in toluene. Resin, aromatic fraction, and saturate fraction are all adsorbed on the adsorption column filled with aluminum oxide after asphalt is dissolved in n-heptane, and are desorbed by flushing with different solvents. It is mainly divided into the following four steps and distinguished by color stratification; the first step, flushing with n-heptane, and the colorless and transparent desorbed substance is the saturate fraction solution; the second step, flushing with toluene, and the yellow to dark brown desorbed substance is the aromatic fraction solution; the third step, flushing with a mixture of toluene and ethanol in a ratio of 1:1, flushing with toluene, and flushing with ethanol, and the dark brown and black desorbed substances are the resin solution; the fourth step, evaporating and drying the above solutions, and the residue is the corresponding component. At present, the key defects in the separation of asphalt components are as follows: in the separation of asphalt components, usually 0.5-1 g of asphalt sample is used, and evaporation and drying are carried out in a conical flask. Most of the residues adhere to the glass wall of the container after evaporation, and the amount of effective sample that can be obtained after the experiment is extremely small. For the extraction of asphaltene, a straight-mouth extractor is connected to a spherical condenser, and the solution is easily enriched in the extractor, with low dissolution efficiency, and the experimental error is relatively large after manual temperature control; in the solution buffer area at the upper part of the glass adsorption column, it is easy to wash out grooves during the solution filling process, resulting in an unclear separation interface of components or ineffective separation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to avoid the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a method for accurately, efficiently and quickly separating asphalt components, with little human factor and high experimental repeatability, and further provides a method for separating multi-components of asphalt.

[0005] The method for separating four components of asphalt in the present invention is to separate asphalt components by using an asphaltene separation device and an adsorption separation device to obtain the content of each component of asphalt.

[0006] Advantages of the present invention:

[0007] 1. The present invention can separate 9 g to 4.5 g of asphalt samples at one time, and extract sufficient effective components of the four asphalt components for organic synthesis, chemical modification, performance research, etc. Since this experiment has a large number of operations and a complex process, although the conventional four-component separation experiment of asphalt can obtain products consistent with those obtained by this experiment at one time through the method of multiple extractions in small amounts, it takes a long time, and the purity of the asphalt products obtained by multiple separations is much lower than that of the related products of the present invention. Against the backdrop of tight crude oil resources, the present invention is an important experimental basis for realizing the transformation of low-value-added asphalt-based petroleum products into high-added-value functional materials, such as liquid crystal materials, wave-absorbing materials, sol-gel materials, etc.

[0008] 2. On the basis of meeting the same test conditions, the present invention can increase the purity of the separated product from the original 90% to 99%, and the solution recovery rate is increased to more than 99.5%.

[0009] 3. The present invention can perform unsupervised dissolution and separation of asphaltene, with high dissolution efficiency. It innovatively uses a Soxhlet extractor to ensure a closed environment for solution circulation, without generating toxic and harmful gases. The parameters in the experimental process are easy to control, and the experimental repeatability reaches more than 99%.

[0010] 4. The present invention builds an asphalt glass adsorption column in an assembled manner, ensuring that aluminum oxide can be fully vibrated and compacted in stages and adsorb the asphalt solution in all directions, while also enabling efficient and convenient construction, disassembly, and cleaning. The length of the adsorption column reaches 2.1 m, which can very intuitively analyze the experimental process, etc.

[0011] 5. The present invention is provided with a double-ball solution buffer zone to ensure that the solution will not cause violent disturbance to the aluminum trichloride powder during the filling process, thereby forming an effective component separation interface. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an asphaltene separation device;

[0013] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an adsorption separation device;

[0014] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the No. 1 adsorption column;

[0015] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the No. 2 adsorption column;

[0016] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the No. 1 buffer device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0017] Specific Embodiment 1: In this embodiment, the method for separating four components of asphalt is to separate asphalt components by using an asphaltene separation device and an adsorption separation device to obtain the content of each component of asphalt.

[0018] Specific Embodiment 2: The difference between this embodiment and Specific Embodiment 1 is that the asphaltene separation device is composed of a flask 1, a steam path tube 2, a condenser 3, a cooling water inlet 4, a cooling water outlet 5, a liquid storage tube 6, a siphon tube 7 and a siphon outlet 8; the top of the flask 1 is connected to the liquid storage tube 6, the upper part of the liquid storage tube 6 is connected to the steam path tube 2, the bottom of the liquid storage tube 6 is connected to the siphon tube 7, and the siphon outlet 8 of the siphon tube 7 extends into the bottle mouth of the flask 1; the top of the liquid storage tube 6 is connected to the condenser 3, the lower part of the condenser 3 is provided with a cooling water inlet 4, the upper part of the condenser 3 is provided with a cooling water outlet 5, and the cooling water inlet 4 and the cooling water outlet 5 form a loop with an external constant temperature water circulation tank. Others are the same as Specific Embodiment 1.

[0019] Specific Embodiment 3: The difference between this embodiment and Specific Embodiment 2 is that the flask 1 and the liquid storage tube 6 are connected by a ground glass joint, and the liquid storage tube 6 and the condenser 3 are connected by a ground glass joint. Others are the same as Specific Embodiment 2.

[0020] Specific Embodiment 4: The difference between this embodiment and Specific Embodiment 1 is that the adsorption separation device is composed of a #1 adsorption column 11, a #2 adsorption column 12, a #3 adsorption column 13, a #1 buffer device 9 and a #2 buffer device 10; the upper part of the #1 adsorption column 11 is a ground glass joint and the lower part is provided with a dropper, and a silica gel tetrafluoro piston 14 is arranged on the dropper; the upper and lower parts of the #2 adsorption column 12 are both ground glass joints; handrails are arranged on the outer sides of the upper parts of the #1 adsorption column 11, the #2 adsorption column 12 and the #3 adsorption column 13; the upper and lower parts of the #1 buffer device 9 and the #2 buffer device 10 are both ground glass joints, and handrails are arranged at the bottle mouths at both ends of the #1 buffer device 9 and the #2 buffer device 10; the #2 adsorption column 12 and the #3 adsorption column 13 have the same structure; water inlets are arranged at the lower parts of the #1 adsorption column 11, the #2 adsorption column 12 and the #3 adsorption column 13, and water outlets are arranged at the upper parts; the #2 buffer device 10, the #1 buffer device 9, the #3 adsorption column 13, the #2 adsorption column 12 and the #1 adsorption column 11 are connected by ground glass joints from top to bottom in sequence. Others are the same as Specific Embodiment 1.

[0021] Specific Embodiment 5: The difference between this embodiment and Specific Embodiment 1 is that the method for separating four components of asphalt is specifically carried out according to the following steps:

[0022] 1. Wash and weigh two flasks to constant weight, and mark them as 1# flask and 2# flask; weigh the asphalt sample and put it into 1# flask, accurate to 0.01g; inject 750mL of n-heptane into 1# flask, connect 1# flask, liquid storage tube and condenser with frosted mouth in sequence, heat 1# flask with digital heating jacket for 0.5~1.0h, set the temperature to 150℃, remove 1# flask after cooling, cover with stopper, and let it stand in dark place for 2.0~3.0h;

[0023] 2. Slowly filter the solution in flask #1 into flask #2 with quantitative filter paper. After the filtration is completed, wash the residue in flask #1 with 200 mL of hot n-heptane in batches, and then completely filter into flask #2. Replace another filter paper whenever the rate of liquid dripping from the filter paper is less than 1 drop / second, and fold the replaced filter paper and put it into the liquid storage tube.

[0024] 3. Connect the frosted ports of the 2# flask containing the filtrate, the liquid storage tube containing the filter paper and the condenser tube in sequence, and form a loop with the cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet and external constant temperature water circulation box. The water tank temperature is set to 10°C. Use a digital display heating jacket to heat and reflux the 2# flask. The temperature is set to 100°C. The condensate continuously washes the soft asphalt part on the filter paper and then refluxes to the 2# flask until the dripping liquid is colorless. After cooling, remove the 2# flask, and keep the liquid storage tube and filter paper intact.

[0025] 4. Pour 750mL of toluene into flask #1, connect it to the bottom of the liquid storage tube in step 3, and continue to extract until the filter paper and the filtrate are colorless; the residue on the filter paper is inorganic matter and residual carbon;

[0026] 5. After flask #1 is cooled to room temperature, firstly recover the toluene solvent by drying, and then place it in a vacuum drying oven at a temperature of 100-110°C and a vacuum degree of 92-94 kPa for 1 hour to evaporate the toluene, and then place it in a dryer, cool it to room temperature, and weigh it to an accuracy of 0.01 g, which is asphaltene;

[0027] 6. Use an iron stand to fix the 1# adsorption column, and always keep it perpendicular to the ground during use, close the silicone tetrafluoroethylene piston, use a conical funnel to load activated alumina from the upper end of the 1# adsorption column to the bottom of the frosted opening of the 1# adsorption column, and vibrate with a glass rod to compact it; install the 2# adsorption column on the upper end of the 1# adsorption column, rotate the handrails of the 1# adsorption column and the 2# adsorption column to seal the two, and then use an iron stand to fix the 2# adsorption column, use a conical funnel to load activated alumina from the upper end of the 2# adsorption column to the bottom of the frosted opening of the 2# adsorption column, and vibrate with a glass rod to compact it; install the 3# adsorption column on the upper end of the 2# adsorption column, rotate the handrails of the 2# adsorption column and the 3# adsorption column to seal the two, and then use an iron stand to fix the 3# adsorption column, use a conical funnel to load activated alumina from the upper end of the 3# adsorption column to the bottom of the frosted opening of the 3# adsorption column, and vibrate with a glass rod to compact it;

[0028] VII. Install a #1 buffer device at the upper end of the 3# adsorption column, and load activated alumina into the middle of the spherical area of the #1 buffer device from the upper end of the #1 buffer device using a conical funnel; install a #2 buffer device above the #1 buffer device, rotate the handrails of the #1 buffer device and the #2 buffer device to seal them, and connect the water outlet of the #1 adsorption column to the water inlet of the #2 adsorption column, the water outlet of the #2 adsorption column to the water inlet of the 3# adsorption column, the water inlet of the #1 adsorption column to the water outlet of the super constant temperature water bath, and the water outlet of the 3# adsorption column to the water inlet of the super constant temperature water bath through hoses respectively;

[0029] VIII. Start the super constant temperature water bath to form a water circulation along the outer tubes of the #1 adsorption column, #2 adsorption column, and 3# adsorption column;

[0030] IX. Inject 200 mL of n - heptane from the upper end of the #2 buffer device to wet the alumina, then inject the solution in the #2 flask from the upper end of the #2 buffer device, and then rinse the #2 flask with 100 mL of n - heptane in 2 - 3 times, and inject the rinsing solution from the upper end of the #2 buffer device again;

[0031] X. Place the #1 conical flask at the bottom of the #1 adsorption column for collection, inject 700 mL of n - heptane from the upper end of the #2 buffer device, observe the effluent, and move the #1 conical flask away when the effluent is colorless. The solution in the #1 conical flask is the saturate solution; place the #2 conical flask at the bottom of the #1 adsorption column for collection, inject 800 mL of toluene from the upper end of the #2 buffer device, observe the effluent, and move the #2 conical flask away when the effluent changes from yellow to dark brown. The #2 conical flask contains the aromatic fraction solution; place the #3 conical flask at the bottom of the #1 adsorption column for collection, inject 400 mL of toluene - ethanol mixture, 400 mL of toluene, and 400 mL of ethanol in sequence from the upper end of the #2 buffer device, observe the effluent, and move the #3 conical flask away when the effluent changes from dark brown to black. The solution in the #3 conical flask is the resin solution, and the separation of the four components of asphalt is completed.

[0032] Specific Embodiment VI: The difference between this embodiment and Specific Embodiment V is that when the asphaltene in the asphalt sample is less than 10%, the mass of the asphalt sample is 9 - 11 g; when the asphaltene in the asphalt sample is greater than 10%, the mass of the asphalt sample is 4.5 - 5.5 g. Others are the same as Specific Embodiment V.

[0033] Specific Embodiment VII: The difference between this embodiment and Specific Embodiment V is that the diameter of the quantitative filter paper described in Step II is 18 cm. Others are the same as Specific Embodiment V.

[0034] Specific Embodiment VIII: The difference between this embodiment and Specific Embodiment V is that the temperature of the hot n - heptane described in Step II is 60 - 70 °C. Others are the same as Specific Embodiment V.

[0035] Specific Embodiment Nine: The difference between this embodiment and Specific Embodiment Five is that in Step Eight, the water temperature of the super constant temperature water bath is controlled at 49 - 51°C. Others are the same as Specific Embodiment Five.

[0036] The beneficial effects of the present invention are verified through the following examples:

[0037] A specific method for separating the four components of asphalt is carried out according to the following steps:

[0038] I. Wash two flasks and weigh them to a constant weight, mark them as Flask 1# and Flask 2#; Weigh the asphalt sample and put it into Flask 1#, accurate to 0.01 g; Inject 750 mL of n - heptane into Flask 1#, connect Flask 1#, the liquid storage tube and the condenser in sequence with ground - glass joints, heat and reflux Flask 1# for 0.5 - 1.0 h using a digital display heating mantle, set the temperature to 150°C, remove Flask 1# after cooling, cover it with a stopper, and let it stand in the dark for 2.0 - 3.0 h.

[0039] II. Slowly filter the solution in Flask 1# into Flask 2# using quantitative filter paper. After completion of filtration, wash the residue in Flask 1# in portions with 200 mL of hot n - heptane and then completely filter it into Flask 2#; Whenever the dripping rate of the filter paper is less than 1 drop / second, replace it with another piece of filter paper. Fold the replaced filter paper and put it into the liquid storage tube.

[0040] III. Connect Flask 2# containing the filtrate, the liquid storage tube containing the filter paper and the condenser in sequence with ground - glass joints. The cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet form a loop with an external constant temperature water circulation tank. Set the water tank temperature to 10°C, heat and reflux Flask 2# using a digital display heating mantle, set the temperature to 100°C, and let the condensate continuously wash the soft asphaltene part on the filter paper and then reflux back to Flask 2# until the dripping liquid is colorless; Remove Flask 2# after cooling, and keep the liquid storage tube and the filter paper unchanged.

[0041] IV. Inject 750 mL of toluene into Flask 1#, connect it below the liquid storage tube in Step III, and continue extraction until the filter paper and the filtrate are colorless; The residue on the filter paper is inorganic matter and residual carbon.

[0042] V. After Flask 1# is cooled to room temperature, first recover the toluene solvent by drying, then place it in a vacuum drying oven at a temperature of 100 - 110°C and a vacuum degree of 92 - 94 kPa (700 mmHg ± 10 mmHg) for drying for 1 h to volatilize the toluene completely, then put it into a desiccator and cool it to room temperature, weigh it, accurate to 0.01 g, which is the asphaltene.

[0043] VI. Fix the 1# adsorption column with an iron stand, and keep it perpendicular to the ground during use. Close the silica gel PTFE piston, and use a conical funnel to load activated alumina from the upper end of the 1# adsorption column to the bottom of the ground glass mouth of the 1# adsorption column, and vibrate it densely with a glass rod; Install the 2# adsorption column at the upper end of the 1# adsorption column, rotate the handrails of the 1# adsorption column and the 2# adsorption column to seal them, then fix the 2# adsorption column with an iron stand, and use a conical funnel to load activated alumina from the upper end of the 2# adsorption column to the bottom of the ground glass mouth of the 2# adsorption column, and vibrate it densely with a glass rod; Install the 3# adsorption column at the upper end of the 2# adsorption column, rotate the handrails of the 2# adsorption column and the 3# adsorption column to seal them, then fix the 3# adsorption column with an iron stand, and use a conical funnel to load activated alumina from the upper end of the 3# adsorption column to the bottom of the ground glass mouth of the 3# adsorption column, and vibrate it densely with a glass rod;

[0044] VII. Install the 1# buffer device at the upper end of the 3# adsorption column, and use a conical funnel to load activated alumina from the upper end of the 1# buffer device to the middle of the spherical area of the 1# buffer device; Install the 2# buffer device above the 1# buffer device, rotate the handrails of the 1# buffer device and the 2# buffer device to seal them, and connect the water outlet of the 1# adsorption column to the water inlet of the 2# adsorption column, the water outlet of the 2# adsorption column to the water inlet of the 3# adsorption column, the water inlet of the 1# adsorption column to the water outlet of the super constant temperature water bath, and the water outlet of the 3# adsorption column to the water inlet of the super constant temperature water bath through hoses respectively;

[0045] VIII. Start the super constant temperature water bath to form a water cycle of hot water along the outer tubes of the 1# adsorption column, 2# adsorption column, and 3# adsorption column;

[0046] IX. Inject 200 mL of n-heptane from the upper end of the 2# buffer device to wet the alumina, then inject the solution in the 2# flask from the upper end of the 2# buffer device, and then rinse the 2# flask with 100 mL of n-heptane in 2 - 3 times, and inject the washing solution from the upper end of the 2# buffer device;

[0047] X. Place the 1# conical flask at the bottom of the 1# adsorption column for collection, inject 700 mL of n-heptane from the upper end of the 2# buffer device, observe the effluent, and move the 1# conical flask away when the effluent is colorless. The solution in the 1# conical flask is the saturate solution; Place the 2# conical flask at the bottom of the 1# adsorption column for collection, inject 800 mL of toluene from the upper end of the 2# buffer device, observe the effluent, and move the 2# conical flask away when the effluent changes from yellow to dark brown. The 2# conical flask is the aromatic fraction solution; Place the 3# conical flask at the bottom of the 1# adsorption column for collection, inject 400 mL of toluene-ethanol mixture, 400 mL of toluene, and 400 mL of ethanol from the upper end of the 2# buffer device in sequence, observe the effluent, and move the 3# conical flask away when the effluent changes from dark brown to black. The solution in the 3# conical flask is the resin solution, and the separation of the four components of asphalt is completed.

[0048] Table 1 shows the basic performance indicators of Middle East 70# asphalt. Table 2 shows the comparison values of the four-component contents measured by this test method and the four-component contents measured by the asphalt chemical component test in "Test Regulations for Asphalt and Asphalt Mixtures in Highway Engineering" (JTG E20-2011 T 0618-1993). As shown in Table 2, this test method can obtain four-component contents that are very close to those of the standard test method (JTG E20-2011 T 0618-1993), with extremely low repeat experiment errors, and a high amount of asphalt used for separation, enabling high effective asphalt separation component contents. It can provide effective technical support for the research and development, transformation, and reuse of asphalt-based petroleum products into high-value-added functional materials.

[0049] Table 1 shows the basic performance indicators of Middle East 70# asphalt

[0050] Item Quality Index Test Value Test Method Penetration (25°C, 5s, 100g), 0.1 mm 60～80 64 JTGE20 - 2011T0604 - 2011 Penetration Index PI -1.5～+1.0 -0.98 JTGE20 - 2011T0604 - 2011 Softening Point (R&B), °C ≥46 48.0 JTGE20 - 2011T0606 - 2011 Dynamic Viscosity at 60°C, Pa˙s ≥180 240 JTGE20 - 2011T0606 - 2000 Ductility (10°C), cm ≥15 22.5 JTGE20 - 2011T0605 - 2011 Ductility (15°C), cm ≥100 >100 JTGE20 - 2011T0605 - 2011

[0051] Table 2 shows the comparison values of the four-component test of Middle East 70# asphalt

[0052]

Claims

1. A method for separating four components of asphalt, characterized in that The method for separating four components of asphalt is specifically carried out according to the following steps:

1. Wash two flasks and weigh them to constant weight, marking them as 1# flask and 2# flask; weigh the asphalt sample and put it into 1# flask, accurate to 0.01g; inject 750mL of n-heptane into 1# flask, connect 1# flask, liquid storage tube and condenser with frosted ports in sequence, heat 1# flask with digital heating jacket for 0.5~1.0h, set the temperature to 150℃, remove 1# flask after cooling, cover it with a stopper, and let it stand in the dark for 2.0~3.0h; when the asphaltene content of the asphalt sample is less than 10%, the mass of the asphalt sample is 9~11g; when the asphaltene content of the asphalt sample is greater than 10%, the mass of the asphalt sample is 4.5~5.5g; 2. Slowly filter the solution in flask #1 into flask #2 with quantitative filter paper. After the filtration is completed, wash the residue in flask #1 with 200 mL of hot n-heptane in batches, and then completely filter into flask #2. Replace another filter paper whenever the rate of liquid dripping from the filter paper is less than 1 drop / second, and fold the replaced filter paper and put it into the liquid storage tube.

3. Connect the frosted ports of the 2# flask containing the filtrate, the liquid storage tube containing the filter paper and the condenser tube in sequence, and form a loop with the cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet and external constant temperature water circulation box. The water tank temperature is set to 10°C. Use a digital display heating jacket to heat and reflux the 2# flask. The temperature is set to 100°C. The condensate continuously washes the soft asphalt part on the filter paper and then refluxes to the 2# flask until the dripping liquid is colorless. After cooling, remove the 2# flask, and keep the liquid storage tube and filter paper intact.

4. Pour 750mL of toluene into flask #1, connect it to the bottom of the liquid storage tube in step 3, and continue to extract until the filter paper and the filtrate are colorless; the residue on the filter paper is inorganic matter and residual carbon; 5. After flask #1 is cooled to room temperature, firstly recover the toluene solvent by drying, and then place it in a vacuum drying oven at a temperature of 100-110°C and a vacuum degree of 92-94 kPa for 1 hour to evaporate the toluene, and then place it in a dryer, cool it to room temperature, and weigh it to an accuracy of 0.01 g, which is asphaltene; 6. Use an iron stand to fix the 1# adsorption column, and always keep it perpendicular to the ground during use, close the silicone tetrafluoroethylene piston, use a conical funnel to load activated alumina from the upper end of the 1# adsorption column to the bottom of the frosted opening of the 1# adsorption column, and vibrate with a glass rod to compact it; install the 2# adsorption column on the upper end of the 1# adsorption column, rotate the handrails of the 1# adsorption column and the 2# adsorption column to seal the two, and then use an iron stand to fix the 2# adsorption column, use a conical funnel to load activated alumina from the upper end of the 2# adsorption column to the bottom of the frosted opening of the 2# adsorption column, and vibrate with a glass rod to compact it; install the 3# adsorption column on the upper end of the 2# adsorption column, rotate the handrails of the 2# adsorption column and the 3# adsorption column to seal the two, and then use an iron stand to fix the 3# adsorption column, use a conical funnel to load activated alumina from the upper end of the 3# adsorption column to the bottom of the frosted opening of the 3# adsorption column, and vibrate with a glass rod to compact it; VII. Install the 1# buffer device at the upper end of the 3# adsorption column, and load activated alumina into the middle of the spherical area of the 1# buffer device from the upper end of the 1# buffer device using a conical funnel; install the 2# buffer device above the 1# buffer device, rotate the handrails of the 1# buffer device and the 2# buffer device to seal them, and connect the water outlet of the 1# adsorption column to the water inlet of the 2# adsorption column, the water outlet of the 2# adsorption column to the water inlet of the 3# adsorption column, the water inlet of the 1# adsorption column to the water outlet of the super constant temperature water bath, and the water outlet of the 3# adsorption column to the water inlet of the super constant temperature water bath through hoses respectively; VIII. Start the super constant temperature water bath to form a water cycle of hot water along the outer tubes of the 1# adsorption column, 2# adsorption column, and 3# adsorption column; IX. Inject 200 mL of n-heptane from the upper end of the 2# buffer device to wet the alumina, then inject the solution in the 2# flask from the upper end of the 2# buffer device, and then rinse the 2# flask with 100 mL of n-heptane in 2 - 3 times, and inject the washing liquid from the upper end of the 2# buffer device again; X. Place the 1# conical flask at the bottom of the 1# adsorption column for collection, inject 700 mL of n-heptane from the upper end of the 2# buffer device, observe the effluent, and move the 1# conical flask away when the effluent is colorless. The solution in the 1# conical flask is the saturate solution; place the 2# conical flask at the bottom of the 1# adsorption column for collection, inject 800 mL of toluene from the upper end of the 2# buffer device, observe the effluent, and move the 2# conical flask away when the effluent changes from yellow to dark brown. The 2# conical flask contains the aromatic fraction solution; place the 3# conical flask at the bottom of the 1# adsorption column for collection, inject 400 mL of toluene-ethanol mixture, 400 mL of toluene, and 400 mL of ethanol from the upper end of the 2# buffer device in sequence, observe the effluent, and move the 3# conical flask away when the effluent changes from dark brown to black. The solution in the 3# conical flask is the resin solution, and the separation of the four components of asphalt is completed.

2. The asphalt four-component separation method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step II, the diameter of the quantitative filter paper is 18 cm.

3. The asphalt four-component separation method according to claim 1, wherein In step II, the temperature of the hot n-heptane is 60 - 70 °C.

4. The asphalt four-component separation method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step VIII, control the water temperature of the super constant temperature water bath to be 49 - 51 °C.

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