A high and low temperature experimental device and control system for nuclear detectors
By designing the high and low temperature experimental device and control system of the nuclear detector, the reaction hysteresis and error problems of the nuclear detector during temperature changes are solved, performance stability monitoring and data compensation in high and low temperature environments are realized, and energy spectrum analysis is ensured. accuracy and response sensitivity.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202210937176.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2022-08-05
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-24
- Estimated Expiration
- 2042-08-05
AI Technical Summary
Existing nuclear detectors have problems such as reaction hysteresis and detection efficiency decreases when temperature changes, resulting in errors in radionuclide energy spectrum analysis.
A nuclear detector high and low temperature experimental device and control system are designed, including radiation source control system and temperature control system, which adopts an upgraded bracket, shielded shell, temperature adjustment box, temperature control experimental probe and signal control line, integrating pulse counting, The photocurrent conversion monitoring module and energy spectrum data analysis software realize synchronous analysis and data correction of temperature changes.
Realize stability monitoring and data compensation for nuclear detector performance in high and low temperature environments to ensure the accuracy and response sensitivity of energy spectrum analysis.
Smart Images
Figure CN115097514B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear detectors, in particular to a high and low temperature experimental device and a control system for a nuclear detector. Background Art
[0002] As the core component of the radiation environment monitoring system, nuclear detectors play an important role in sensing the intensity of the radiation environment and detecting radioactive substances. However, most radiation environment monitoring systems are currently highly dependent on the ambient temperature, and some systems even have problems such as delayed response and decreased detection efficiency under severe outdoor conditions in winter. The main reason is that changes in ambient temperature will have a certain impact on the working performance of nuclear detectors, including the luminous efficiency of the NaI scintillator in the nuclear detector, the multiplication factor of the photomultiplier tube, the amplification factor of the amplifier, and the value of the discriminator will change with temperature. Since temperature changes will further lead to a series of measurement errors such as energy spectrum drift and energy response deviation in nuclear detectors that perform radionuclide spectrum analysis, we propose a high and low temperature experimental device and control system for nuclear detectors. Summary of the invention
[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high and low temperature experimental device and a control system for a nuclear detector, which solves the existing problems.
[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a nuclear detector high and low temperature experimental device and control system, including a radiation source control system and a temperature control system, the radiation source control system including an upgrade bracket, a shielding shell arranged on the upgrade bracket, and a radiation source, a first collimator, a beam limiting aperture and a ray window arranged in the shielding shell, the temperature control system including a temperature regulating box, a temperature control experimental probe is arranged in the temperature regulating box, the temperature control experimental probe is connected to a signal control line, and the signal control line is connected to a host computer control system.
[0005] Preferably, the shielding shell is made of iron, the exterior of the shielding shell is a horizontal cylindrical structure, the inner wall of the shielding shell uses lead as a shielding layer, and the interior of the shielding shell is provided with a limit slot adapted to the radiation source.
[0006] Preferably, the lifting bracket is constructed using aluminum alloy profiles.
[0007] Preferably, the first collimator is made of lead-tungsten alloy.
[0008] Preferably, the signal control line includes a data cable and a control cable, which is composed of a core power supply line and an RS serial communication harness.
[0009] Preferably, the temperature control experimental probe comprises a probe housing, a second collimator is provided on one side of the probe housing, a receiving window is provided on the second collimator, and a counter and a weak current meter are provided on the other side of the probe housing.
[0010] Preferably, a nuclear detector is provided in the probe housing, temperature regulators are provided on both sides of the nuclear detector, and temperature sensors and humidity sensors are provided on both sides of the temperature regulator.
[0011] A control system for a nuclear detector high and low temperature experimental device comprises an MCU, a data transmission module connected to the MCU, a nuclear detector, a sensor and a controller, and a power supply for supplying power to the nuclear detector, the sensor, the controller, the data transmission module and the MCU, wherein the data transmission module is connected to a host computer.
[0012] Preferably, the nuclear detector comprises a collimator, a NaI scintillator connected to the collimator, a photomultiplier connected to the NaI scintillator, a pulse amplifier connected to the photomultiplier, a pulse amplitude analyzer connected to the pulse amplifier, and a calibrator connected to the pulse amplitude analyzer;
[0013] The sensor includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a counter connected to a calibrator, and a weak current meter connected to a photomultiplier;
[0014] The controller includes an external temperature regulator, a rotation angle controller, a voltage controller and an internal temperature regulator.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0016] The present invention mainly relates to the design of a performance experimental device for a nuclear detector with a NaI+ photomultiplier tube structure at high and low temperatures and the design of a data correction and compensation algorithm;
[0017] The advantage of this nuclear detector high and low temperature experimental device and control system is that it integrates pulse counting, photocurrent conversion monitoring module and energy spectrum data analysis software, which can synchronously analyze the impact of temperature changes on photoelectric conversion performance, pulse counting and energy spectrum data during the experiment; it adopts a fully automatic control structure design to achieve the adjustment of the γ radiation field intensity, and can carry out angular response and sensitivity experiments under high and low temperature fields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;
[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the temperature control experimental probe of the present invention;
[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the temperature control system of the present invention.
[0021] In the figure: 1. Shielding shell; 2. Radiation source; 3. Lifting bracket; 4. First collimator; 5. Beam limiting aperture; 6. Ray window; 7. Temperature regulating box; 8. Temperature control experimental probe; 9. Signal control line; 10. Upper computer control system; 8. Temperature control experimental probe; 801. Receiving window; 802. Second collimator; 803. Temperature sensor; 804. Internal temperature regulator; 805. Probe shell; 806. Fixing bracket; 807. Angle controller; 808. Nuclear detector; 809. Counter; 810. Weak current meter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.
[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, a high and low temperature experimental device and control system of a nuclear detector includes a radiation source control system, the radiation source control system includes an upgrade bracket 3, a shielding shell 1 arranged on the upgrade bracket 3, and a radiation source 2, a first collimator 4, a beam limiting aperture 5 and a ray window 6 arranged in the shielding shell 1;
[0024] The radiation source control system is mainly used to control the height of the radiation source and the distance between the nuclear detector, the gamma ray beam output, collimation, etc. to produce gamma rays of specific radiation intensity, constitute an experimental shooting site, and verify the response performance of the nuclear detector under specific temperature and environmental conditions; the shielding shell 1 adopts an iron shell, the exterior of the shielding shell 1 is a horizontal cylindrical structure, the inner wall of the shielding shell 1 adopts lead as a shielding layer, and the interior of the shielding shell 1 is provided with a limit card slot adapted to the radiation source 2. The interior of the shielding shell 1 adopts lead as a shielding layer, which can effectively reduce the radiation of the radiation source to the outside world, and the interior of the shielding shell 1 is provided with a limit card slot for the radiation source 2, which can place the radiation source 2 in a card box with the limit card slot and prevent the radiation source 2 from tipping over or falling; the radiation source 2 can be selected 60 Co or 137Cs and other γ standard sources are used as radiation sources, and can also be replaced with γ radiation sources of other energies according to actual experimental needs. The beam-emitting position of the radiation source 2 is opposite to the center of the first collimator 4 to ensure the collimation of the emitted γ-ray beam; the lifting bracket 3 is constructed of aluminum alloy profiles, and is used to support and fix the shielding shell 1, adjust the height and front and back position of the radiation source control system, and install a stepper motor in the horizontal and longitudinal directions respectively. The radiation source control system can be controlled by a stepper electric drive to lift and lower and move forward and backward to adjust the position of the radiation source and the nuclear detector; the first collimator 4 is made of lead-tungsten alloy to ensure the collimation of the emitted γ rays; the beam-limiting aperture 5 is mainly used to control the irradiation field range of the ray beam; the ray window 6 is the beam-emitting window of the γ-ray beam, and it is necessary to keep the axis center aligned with the detection window of the nuclear detector to be tested.
[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, a high and low temperature experimental device and control system of a nuclear detector includes a temperature control system, the temperature control system includes a temperature regulating box 7, a temperature control experimental probe 8 is arranged in the temperature regulating box 7, the temperature control experimental probe 8 is connected to a signal control line 9, and the signal control line 9 is connected to a host computer control system 10;
[0026] The temperature control system is mainly used to adjust the internal and external environmental temperature of the nuclear detector, the power supply bias voltage of the nuclear detector, the test angle, and obtain experimental parameters such as pulse count, output current, angular response characteristics, spectral distribution, and the internal temperature and humidity environment information of the nuclear detector; the temperature adjustment box 7 can realize temperature adjustment from -40℃~100℃, and the unit adjustable temperature is 0.5℃, supporting timed temperature adjustment and manual temperature adjustment; the temperature control experimental probe 8 is the core part of the experimental device, which is mainly used to sense the changes in various parameters of the nuclear detector in a low temperature environment, and regulate the internal temperature to build a constant temperature microenvironment; the signal control line 9 includes a data cable and a control cable, which is composed of a 3-core power supply line and an RS232 serial communication harness. It is a communication medium and is used to send control instructions to control various controllers and obtain data collected by various sensors; the data readout system of the host computer control system 10 includes a host computer and various software, such as: key parameter monitoring software such as nuclear detector photocurrent and pulse count, and spectrum data analysis software.
[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a nuclear detector high and low temperature experimental device and control system include a temperature control experimental probe 8, the temperature control experimental probe 8 includes a probe housing 805, a second collimator 802 is provided on one side of the probe housing 805, a receiving window 801 is provided on the second collimator 802, a counter 809 and a weak current meter 810 are provided on the other side of the probe housing 805, a nuclear detector 808 is provided in the probe housing 805, temperature regulators 804 are provided on both sides of the nuclear detector 808, and temperature sensors 803 and humidity sensors are provided on both sides of the temperature regulator 804;
[0028] The receiving window 801 is the main window for the temperature control experimental probe to receive gamma rays; the second collimator 802 is used to filter out the incident scattered rays and play a collimating role; there are four temperature sensors 803 and humidity sensors, two on the upper and lower sides of the inner wall of the probe shell 805, which are used to collect and monitor the actual temperature and humidity data in the temperature control experimental probe; the internal temperature regulator 804 adopts a thermocouple structure design, which is used to heat the detector inside the temperature control experimental probe in an ultra-low temperature environment, build a constant temperature microenvironment, and keep the probe working in a stable working temperature environment; the probe shell 805 is made of an aluminum shell covered with 1.5m thick lead sheet, which can effectively prevent the detector from over-responding to low energy; the f fixing frame is used to connect Temperature-controlled experimental probe and angle controller; the angle controller 807 has an angle scale with a minimum rotation distance of 1°, which is used to drive the probe to rotate 360° in the horizontal direction to facilitate angular response experiments; the nuclear detector 808 is composed of a NaI scintillator, a photomultiplier tube and back-end electronics, such as: an MCU for data acquisition and processing, a pulse amplifier for amplifying electrical pulse signals, a pulse amplitude analyzer for amplitude value conversion, a calibrator for pulse counting and a power supply, etc.; the counter 809 is mainly used to measure the pulse count, accumulate the counts per unit time and output them to the host computer system for analysis; the weak ammeter 810 is mainly used to measure the current directly output after the photoelectric signal of the nuclear detector is converted.
[0029] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a control system for a high and low temperature experimental device of a nuclear detector includes an MCU, a data transmission module connected to the MCU, a nuclear detector, a sensor and a controller, and a power supply for supplying power to the nuclear detector, the sensor, the controller, the data transmission module and the MCU. The data transmission module is connected to a host computer, and the power supply supplies power to the nuclear detector, the sensor, the controller, the data transmission module and the MCU at the same time; the MCU is connected to the host computer through the data transmission module to obtain control instructions from the host computer and upload collected data for experimental analysis; the nuclear detector includes a collimator, a NaI scintillator connected to the collimator, a photomultiplier connected to the NaI scintillator, a pulse amplifier connected to the photomultiplier, a pulse amplitude analyzer connected to the pulse amplifier, and a calibrator connected to the pulse amplitude analyzer. The NaI scintillator, the photomultiplier tube and the back-end electronic part constitute the nuclear detector as a whole, and the incident gamma rays pass through the collimator in sequence. Figure 2The collimator and receiving window of the temperature control experiment probe enter the nuclear detector and interact with the NaI scintillator. The generated fluorescence is received by the photomultiplier tube and converted into photocurrent. The photocurrent is collected by the weak current meter in the sensor unit. Next, the pulse amplifier amplifies the electrical pulse signal and uses the amplitude analyzer to form a count based on the amplitude. The calibrator calculates the cumulative count and passes it to the counter. The sensor includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a counter connected to the calibrator, and a weak current meter connected to the photomultiplier. The sensor senses the temperature and humidity changes of the temperature control experiment probe and obtains the pulse count and photocurrent output through various sensors and metering modules, and passes the collected data to the MCU for processing. Preliminary processing; the controller includes an external temperature regulator, an angle controller, a voltage controller and an internal temperature regulator. The controller is mainly used to adjust the temperature of the outside of the temperature control experimental probe to achieve linear or nonlinear adjustment of high and low temperatures to meet the experimental environment requirements under different temperature conditions. At the same time, it can control the angle of the temperature control experimental probe to conduct angular response experimental tests. The voltage controller can adjust the power supply bias of the nuclear detector to study the impact of power supply voltage changes in high and low temperature environments on the performance of the nuclear detector. The internal temperature regulator simulates a constant temperature environment to study how the internal temperature of the temperature control experimental probe is kept constant under low temperature conditions by heating with a thermocouple to achieve temperature compensation. The performance of the nuclear detector after physical temperature compensation in a low temperature environment can be studied.
[0030] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A high and low temperature experimental device for a nuclear detector, comprising a radiation source control system and a temperature control system, characterized in that: The radiation source control system comprises an upgrade bracket (3), a shielding shell (1) arranged on the upgrade bracket (3), and a radiation source (2), a first collimator (4), a beam limiting aperture (5) and a ray window (6) arranged in the shielding shell (1); the temperature control system comprises a temperature regulating box (7), a temperature control experimental probe (8) is arranged in the temperature regulating box (7), the temperature control experimental probe (8) is connected to a signal control line (9), and the signal control line (9) is connected to a host computer control system (10); The temperature control experimental probe (8) comprises a probe housing (805), a second collimator (802) is provided on one side of the probe housing (805), a receiving window (801) is provided on the second collimator (802), and a counter (809) and a weak current meter (810) are provided on the other side of the probe housing (805); A nuclear detector (808) is arranged in the probe housing (805), temperature regulators (804) are arranged on both sides of the nuclear detector (808), and temperature sensors (803) and humidity sensors are arranged on both sides of the temperature regulator (804); The shielding shell (1) is made of iron, the exterior of the shielding shell (1) is a horizontal cylindrical structure, the inner wall of the shielding shell (1) uses lead as a shielding layer, and the interior of the shielding shell (1) is provided with a limit slot that matches the radiation source (2).
2. A high and low temperature experimental device for nuclear detectors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting bracket (3) is constructed using aluminum alloy profiles.
3. A high and low temperature experimental device for nuclear detectors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first collimator (4) is made of lead-tungsten alloy.
4. A high and low temperature experimental device for nuclear detectors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal control line (9) comprises a data cable and a control cable, and is composed of a 3-core power supply line and an RS232 serial communication harness.
5. A control system for a nuclear detector high and low temperature experimental device, characterized in that: It includes an MCU, a data transmission module connected to the MCU, a nuclear detector, a sensor and a controller, and a power supply for supplying power to the nuclear detector, the sensor, the controller, the data transmission module and the MCU, wherein the data transmission module is connected to a host computer; The nuclear detector comprises a collimator, a NaI scintillator connected to the collimator, a photomultiplier connected to the NaI scintillator, a pulse amplifier connected to the photomultiplier, a pulse amplitude analyzer connected to the pulse amplifier, and a calibrator connected to the pulse amplitude analyzer; The sensor includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a counter connected to a calibrator, and a weak current meter connected to a photomultiplier; The controller includes an external temperature regulator, a rotation angle controller, a voltage controller and an internal temperature regulator.