Multi-stage stackable energy storage module, system and electric vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-stage stackable energy storage module, system and electric vehicle, and is applied to the electric vehicle field.The multi-stage stackable energy storage module comprises a first connecting end and a second connecting end, which are used for connecting an electric load;N battery modules, which are connected in parallel between the first connecting end and the second connecting end according to preset performance levels; and N-1 direct-current converters, each of which is arranged in series between two adjacent battery modules, and is used for exchanging energy of the two corresponding battery modules so as to equalize the voltage values of the two corresponding battery modules.The application can solve the problem of poor use effect of a battery pack with low consistency.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of battery energy storage, in particular to a multi-stage stackable energy storage module, system and electric vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0002] The battery energy storage system has become the key to the promotion and application of new energy. The existing battery energy storage system, whether it is a battery monomer or a plurality of battery monomers in series and parallel, or even a plurality of battery groups in series and parallel, needs all battery monomers in the same system to have high consistency and small difference in capacity, OCV and internal resistance, and no matter what kind of series and parallel connection mode is, their service life, scalability and maintainability are not satisfactory. SUMMARY

[0003] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a multi-stage stackable energy storage module, which aims to solve the problem of poor use effect of low consistency battery group.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the multi-stage stackable energy storage module provided by the present application comprises:

[0005] The first connection end and the second connection end are used to access the power load;

[0006] N battery modules, N battery modules are connected in parallel between the first connection end and the second connection end according to the preset performance grade;

[0007] N-1 DC converters, each DC converter is arranged in series between two adjacent battery modules, and the DC converter is used to exchange energy between the corresponding two battery modules, so that the voltage values of the corresponding two battery modules are equal.

[0008] Optionally, the preset performance grade includes one or more of battery rate grade, battery cycle life grade, battery unit capacity price grade and battery storage unit capacity value grade.

[0009] Optionally, the multi-stage stackable energy storage module further comprises:

[0010] N-1 bypass switches, each bypass switch is arranged in parallel with a DC converter, and the bypass switch is used to bypass the corresponding DC converter and control the electrical connection of the corresponding two battery modules.

[0011] Optionally, the multi-stage stackable energy storage module further comprises:

[0012] a detection control circuit, N detection terminals of the detection control circuit are connected with N battery modules one by one, N-1 control terminals of the detection control circuit are connected with N-1 bypass switches one by one, the detection control circuit is used for detecting a voltage value of each battery module, and outputs an equalization signal to a corresponding bypass switch according to the voltage value;

[0013] Each bypass switch is used for stopping bypassing a corresponding direct current converter when the equalization signal is received, so that the corresponding direct current converter controls energy exchange of a corresponding two-stage battery module.

[0014] Optionally, the detection control circuit is further used for detecting the voltage value of each battery module when the battery modules perform energy exchange, and outputs an exit equalization signal to the corresponding bypass switch according to the voltage value;

[0015] Each bypass switch is used for bypassing the corresponding direct current converter and controlling electrical connection of the corresponding two-stage battery module when the exit equalization signal is received, so that the corresponding two-stage battery module stops performing energy exchange.

[0016] Optionally, the detection control circuit comprises:

[0017] a voltage detection circuit, N detection terminals of the voltage detection circuit are connected with N battery modules one by one, the voltage detection circuit is used for detecting a voltage value of each battery module, and outputs a corresponding voltage detection signal;

[0018] a control circuit, a receiving terminal of the control circuit is connected with an output terminal of the voltage detection circuit, N-1 control terminals of the control circuit are connected with N-1 bypass switches one by one, and the control circuit is used for outputting an equalization signal or an exit equalization signal to a corresponding bypass switch according to the voltage detection signal.

[0019] Optionally, the multi-stage stackable energy storage module further comprises:

[0020] a user input component, an output terminal of the user input component is connected with the detection control circuit, and the user input component is used for outputting a corresponding external control instruction to the detection control circuit when triggered by a user;

[0021] The detection control circuit has two working modes, and the control circuit is used for working in a corresponding working mode of the two working modes according to the external control instruction triggered by the user; wherein,

[0022] When working in the equalization mode, the detection control circuit detects the voltage value of each battery module, and outputs an equalization signal or an exit equalization signal to the corresponding bypass switch according to the voltage value, so that the voltage value of each battery module is equalized.

[0023] When working in the normal mode, the detection control circuit outputs an exit equalization signal to each bypass switch to control the bypass switch to bypass the corresponding DC converter, so that each battery module stops energy exchange.

[0024] Optionally, the multi-stage stackable energy storage module further comprises:

[0025] N battery protection circuits, each of which is electrically connected with a battery module, and the battery protection circuit is used to detect the working parameters of the corresponding battery module, and when it is determined that the corresponding battery module is abnormal according to the working parameters, the corresponding battery module is controlled to be disconnected from the corresponding DC converter.

[0026] The application further provides a multi-stage stackable energy storage system, comprising:

[0027] The multi-stage stackable energy storage module as described above;

[0028] A load access interface for accessing an electrical load;

[0029] A voltage converter module arranged in series between the load access interface and the multi-stage stackable energy storage module, and used to convert the voltage output by the multi-stage stackable energy storage module and output to the accessed electrical load to supply power to the electrical load.

[0030] The application further provides an electric vehicle, which comprises the multi-stage stackable energy storage module or the multi-stage stackable energy storage system.

[0031] In the technical scheme of the application, the first connection end and the second connection end are used to access an electrical load, N battery modules are connected in parallel between the first connection end and the second connection end in sequence according to preset performance levels, a DC converter is arranged in series between two adjacent battery modules, and the DC converter is used to make the corresponding two battery modules exchange energy, so that the voltage values of the corresponding two battery modules are equalized, thereby making the adjacent two battery modules complete battery equalization, and improving the consistency of the energy storage module. The application can improve the energy utilization rate of the battery module, and can also make good use of the eliminated vehicle batteries, which is beneficial to the step-by-step utilization of the batteries and improves the utilization rate of the batteries, and solves the problem of poor use effect of the battery pack with low consistency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only show some of the embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from the structures shown in these drawings without any creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 Circuit structure schematic diagram of an embodiment of the multi-stage stackable energy storage module of the present application;

[0034] Figure 2 Module schematic diagram of an embodiment of the multi-stage stackable energy storage module of the present application;

[0035] Figure 3 Function module schematic diagram of an embodiment of the multi-stage stackable energy storage system of the present application.

[0036] The implementation, functional features and advantages of the present application will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0038] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present application involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement condition, etc. between components in a certain posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the certain posture changes, the directional indications also change accordingly.

[0039] In addition, if the embodiments of the present application involve descriptions of "first", "second", etc., the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only for description purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art. When the combination of technical solutions contradicts each other or cannot be realized, it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist, and is also not within the protection scope of the present application.

[0040] At present, the existing battery energy storage system, whether it is a battery monomer or a plurality of battery monomers in series and parallel, or even a plurality of battery groups in series and parallel, all the battery monomers in the same system need to have high consistency and small difference in capacity, OCV and internal resistance, and no matter what kind of series and parallel way they are, their service life, scalability and maintainability are not satisfactory. In particular, with the rapid growth of the new energy electric vehicle industry, a large number of vehicle batteries are replaced, which often have about 80% of the initial capacity, but become hazardous waste to be treated, and special methods are needed for special enterprises to recycle. Due to the aforementioned consistency requirement, the existing energy storage system cannot make good use of the eliminated vehicle batteries, and is not conducive to the step-by-step use of the batteries.

[0041] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a multi-level stackable energy storage module 10, referring to Figure 1 And Figure 2 In an embodiment, the multi-level stackable energy storage module 10 comprises:

[0042] The first connection end and the second connection end are used to access the power load;

[0043] N battery modules, N battery modules are connected in parallel between the first connection end and the second connection end according to the preset performance level;

[0044] N-1 DC converters, each DC converter is arranged in series between two adjacent battery modules, and the DC converter is used to exchange energy between the corresponding two battery modules, so that the voltage values of the corresponding two battery modules are equal.

[0045] Optionally, the preset performance level includes one or more of the battery rate level, the battery cycle life level, the battery unit capacity price level and the battery storage unit capacity value level.

[0046] In this embodiment, the multi-level stackable energy storage module 10 is a multi-level energy storage system structure, which has a plurality of battery modules, the plurality of battery modules are arranged in parallel, and the plurality of battery modules are sorted according to the preset performance level. At the same time, a DC converter is arranged in series between every two battery modules, and the DC converter can be selected from DC-DC converter, DC-AC converter and other voltage converters. In this way, when the voltages of the adjacent two battery modules are different, the DC converter can be used to exchange energy between the adjacent two battery modules, until the voltages of the adjacent two battery modules are equal, so that the adjacent two battery modules are balanced to improve the consistency of the energy storage module.

[0047] It can be understood that the energy storage module of the present application has good scalability by arranging the DC converter between the battery modules of two adjacent levels. For example, when a three-level energy storage module needs to be expanded to a larger energy storage capacity, a fourth-level battery module can be stacked under the third-level battery module. When the newly added battery module has a different voltage from the existing battery module of the energy storage module, it can be connected through the DC converter, so that the newly added battery module and the existing battery module can exchange energy with each other until their voltages are equal, thereby making the newly added battery module and the existing battery module have high consistency. At the same time, the multi-level battery modules in the present application are arranged in parallel, which makes the energy storage module of the present application have good maintainability. When any level of battery module needs to be replaced due to failure or other reasons, this level of battery module can be directly removed, and the other levels of battery modules can continue to provide power to the power load. In other words, under the premise of meeting the power supply demand, only any level of battery module needs to exist to supply power to the power load. When any level of battery module needs to be reconnected to the system due to failure or other reasons, the battery module can be directly connected to the energy storage module due to the existence of the DC converter, realizing hot plug of the system.

[0048] Further, the multi-level battery modules in the present application are sorted according to preset performance levels. Specifically, the structure of the present application can be understood as a pyramid-type multi-level energy storage structure, and the multi-level battery modules are sorted according to preset performance levels to form the pyramid-type multi-level energy storage structure. The preset performance levels can include battery rate level, battery cycle life level, battery unit capacity price level, and battery storage unit capacity value level, etc. It can be understood that the farther the distance between the battery module and the power load, the higher the energy loss of the output. Therefore, the multi-level battery modules are sorted according to preset performance levels. When sorting, the battery modules with higher performance levels, i.e. better performance, are arranged closer to the power load. In this way, the energy utilization rate of the battery modules can be improved, and the level of the energy storage module can be reduced under the premise of meeting the power supply demand.

[0049] The first connection end and the second connection end are used for connecting an electrical load, N battery modules are connected in parallel between the first connection end and the second connection end according to preset performance levels, a direct current converter is arranged in series between two adjacent levels of the battery modules, the direct current converter is used for performing energy exchange on the corresponding two levels of battery modules, so that the voltage values of the corresponding two levels of battery modules are equal, thereby completing battery balancing of the two adjacent levels of battery modules, and improving the consistency of the energy storage module. The energy storage module has good maintainability by arranging multiple levels of battery modules in parallel. In addition, the energy storage module has good scalability by arranging a direct current converter between two adjacent levels of battery modules, so that the number of levels of battery modules can be increased or decreased as needed, and the system can be hot-plugged. In addition, the multiple levels of battery modules are sorted according to the preset performance levels, which can improve the energy utilization rate of the battery modules, and can reduce the level of the energy storage module while meeting the power supply demand. Further, the energy storage module can make good use of the retired vehicle batteries, which is conducive to the cascade utilization of the batteries and improves the utilization rate of the batteries.

[0050] With reference to Figure 1 With Figure 2 In an embodiment, the preset performance levels include one or more of a battery rate level, a battery cycle life level, a battery unit capacity price level, and a battery storage unit capacity value level.

[0051] In this embodiment, the preset performance levels include one or more of a battery rate level, a battery cycle life level, a battery unit capacity price level, and a battery storage unit capacity value level. The multiple levels of battery modules in the multi-level stackable energy storage module 10 are sorted according to the preset performance levels. Specifically, the structure of the present application can be understood as a pyramid-shaped multi-level energy storage structure, and the multiple levels of battery modules are sorted according to the preset performance levels to form a pyramid-shaped multi-level energy storage structure. The preset performance levels can include a battery rate level, a battery cycle life level, a battery unit capacity price level, and a battery storage unit capacity value level. It can be understood that one of the multiple levels of preset performance levels can be selected for sorting, or multiple levels can be selected for comprehensive sorting. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, Figure 2 Figure 2 ​As shown in FIG. 1, the closer to the battery module configured with the power load, the higher the battery rate level, the higher the battery cycle life level, the higher the battery unit capacity price level, and the lower the battery storage unit capacity value level, that is, the better the performance of the battery module, the closer to the power load. In this way, the energy utilization rate of the battery module can be improved, and the level of the energy storage module can be reduced under the premise of meeting the power supply demand.

[0052] Referring to Figure 1 With Figure 2 In an embodiment, the multi-level stackable energy storage module 10 further comprises:

[0053] N-1 bypass switches, each of the bypass switches is arranged in parallel with a direct current converter, and the bypass switch is used to bypass the corresponding direct current converter and control the electrical connection of the two adjacent battery modules.

[0054] In this embodiment, the multi-level stackable energy storage module 10 further comprises a plurality of bypass switches, each bypass switch is arranged in parallel with a direct current converter, when the bypass switch is closed and turned on, the direct current converter is bypassed, and the two adjacent battery modules are connected to output electric energy to the power load in parallel. The present application is used to control the working or stopping of the direct current converter by arranging the bypass switch. At the same time, the present application has good scalability by arranging the direct current converter and the bypass switch. For example, when an N-level energy storage module needs to expand larger energy storage capacity, the N+1 level battery module can be stacked under the N-level battery module. When the voltage of the newly added battery module is different from that of the existing battery module of the energy storage module, the direct current converter can be connected to exchange energy between the newly added battery module and the existing battery module until their voltages are equal. Then, the bypass switch is controlled to bypass the direct current converter, so that the two adjacent battery modules are connected in parallel, thereby making the newly added battery module and the existing battery module have higher consistency.

[0055] Referring to Figure 1 With Figure 2 In an embodiment, the multi-level stackable energy storage module 10 further comprises:

[0056] A detection control circuit, N detection ends of the detection control circuit are connected to N battery modules one by one, and N-1 control ends of the detection control circuit are connected to N-1 bypass switches one by one. The detection control circuit is used to detect the voltage value of each battery module and output an equalization signal to the corresponding bypass switch according to the voltage value.

[0057] Each bypass switch is configured to stop bypassing the corresponding DC converter when receiving the equalization signal, so that the corresponding DC converter controls the corresponding two-stage battery module to exchange energy.

[0058] In the embodiment, the detection control circuit can be a detection circuit and a main controller provided in a battery management system, or can be a detection circuit and a control unit specially used for implementing the application. Similarly, the detection control circuit can obtain the voltage value of the battery module from the original battery management system of the automobile, or can additionally increase a voltage detection circuit specially used for detecting the voltage value of the battery module. The detection control circuit can determine the equalization state of each battery module according to the obtained voltage value of the battery module, so as to control the bypass switch to control the DC converter to work / stop working, so that the multi-stage battery module reaches the equalization state.

[0059] Specifically, when the detection control circuit receives the equalization signal, the detection control circuit first obtains the voltage value of each stage of the battery module, and determines whether the battery module needs to be equalized in voltage. When the voltage difference between the adjacent two-stage battery modules is greater than a preset voltage difference, the detection control circuit controls the corresponding bypass switch to be turned off, so that the corresponding DC converter works, so that the adjacent two-stage battery modules exchange energy with each other until the voltages of the adjacent two-stage battery modules are the same, thereby completing the battery equalization of the adjacent two-stage battery modules. The detection control circuit can repeatedly perform the above steps multiple times until all the battery modules reach the voltage equalization. It can be understood that the detection control circuit can control the multi-stage battery module to be equalized in voltage step by step, or can control the multi-stage battery module to be equalized in voltage at the same time. The equalization signal can be sent by a user through a host computer, or can be sent through an additional trigger device such as a touch screen, a button, etc. The preset voltage difference can be set according to the actual use requirement. In addition, when equalizing the voltage, the detection control circuit can complete the voltage equalization when determining that the voltages of all the battery modules are the same, or can complete the voltage equalization when determining that the voltage difference of all the battery modules is less than a preset value.

[0060] Optionally, the detection control circuit is further configured to detect the voltage value of each battery module when the battery modules exchange energy, and output an exit equalization signal to the corresponding bypass switch according to the voltage value;

[0061] Each bypass switch is configured to bypass the corresponding DC converter when receiving the exit equalization signal, and control the electrical connection of the corresponding two-stage battery module, so that the corresponding two-stage battery module stops exchanging energy.

[0062] In the embodiment, when the detection control circuit controls the battery module to exchange energy, the detection control circuit detects the voltage value of the corresponding battery module, and when the detection control circuit judges that the voltages of the two adjacent battery modules are the same according to the voltage value, that is, the two adjacent battery modules reach voltage balance, outputs an exit balance signal to the corresponding bypass switch, controls the bypass switch to be closed, so that the bypass switch bypasses the DC converter, and the DC converter stops working, at this time, the two adjacent battery modules complete battery balancing.

[0063] In the technical scheme, the detection control circuit is arranged to detect the voltage value of the battery module, and output a balance signal to the corresponding bypass switch according to the obtained voltage value, so that the corresponding DC converter starts working to make the corresponding two battery modules exchange energy. When the corresponding two battery modules exchange energy to the detection control circuit according to the obtained voltage value, the detection control circuit judges that the voltage balancing is completed, and outputs an exit balance signal to the corresponding bypass switch, so that the corresponding two battery modules complete voltage balancing. The detection control circuit is arranged to control the multi-stage battery module to balance voltage, so that the multi-stage battery module has higher consistency, avoids the short board effect of the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10, and improves the service life of the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10.

[0064] With reference to Figure 1 With reference to Figure 2 In an embodiment, the detection control circuit comprises:

[0065] a voltage detection circuit, N detection ends of the voltage detection circuit are connected with N battery modules one by one, the voltage detection circuit is arranged to detect the voltage value of each battery module and output a corresponding voltage detection signal;

[0066] a control circuit, a receiving end of the control circuit is connected with an output end of the voltage detection circuit, N-1 control ends of the control circuit are connected with N-1 bypass switches one by one, and the control circuit is arranged to output a balance signal or an exit balance signal to the corresponding bypass switch according to the voltage detection signal.

[0067] In the embodiment, the control circuit can be implemented by a microprocessor. The microprocessor can be a central processing unit originally provided in the electric vehicle or a microprocessor specially provided for the application. The microprocessor can be a single-chip microcomputer. A person skilled in the art can analyze and write a program suitable for the application according to an existing voltage analysis program and a vehicle control program. The microprocessor can obtain the voltage value of the battery module from the original battery management system of the vehicle or additionally increase a voltage detection circuit specially used for detecting the voltage value of the battery module. The voltage detection circuit can be a voltage sensor or a voltage detection circuit with series-connected voltage dividing resistors, which can obtain the voltage data of the battery module and output the voltage data to the control circuit. The control circuit can determine the balancing state between the multi-stage battery modules according to the obtained voltage value and output a balancing signal or an exit balancing signal to the corresponding bypass switch, so that the multi-stage battery modules reach voltage balance, have high consistency, avoid the short board effect of the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10, and improve the service life of the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10.

[0068] With reference to Figure 1 With Figure 2 In an embodiment, the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10 further comprises:

[0069] A user input component, an output end of the user input component being connected with the detection control circuit, the user input component being used for outputting a corresponding external control instruction to the detection control circuit when triggered by a user;

[0070] The detection control circuit has two working modes, and the control circuit is used for working in a corresponding working mode of the two working modes according to the external control instruction triggered by the user; wherein,

[0071] When working in the balancing mode, the detection control circuit detects the voltage value of each battery module and outputs a balancing signal or an exit balancing signal to the corresponding bypass switch according to the voltage value, so that the voltage value of each battery module is equal.

[0072] When working in the normal mode, the detection control circuit outputs an exit balancing signal to each bypass switch to control the bypass switch to bypass the corresponding DC converter, so that each battery module stops energy exchange.

[0073] In the embodiment, the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10 further has a user input component, which can be implemented by a mechanical button, an LED touch screen or the like. A user can issue different control instructions to the detection control circuit through the user input component, so that the detection control circuit controls the on / off of the corresponding bypass switch according to the control instruction triggered by the user, thereby realizing the working mode switching of the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10.

[0074] Specifically, in an embodiment, the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10 has two working modes, i.e., a balance mode and a normal mode. When a user issues a control instruction to the detection control circuit through the user input assembly to make the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10 enter the normal mode, the detection control circuit outputs an exit balance signal to all bypass switches, so that the battery modules at each stage stop energy exchange, and the battery modules at each stage are connected in parallel to charge or discharge at the same time.

[0075] When a user issues a control instruction to the detection control circuit through the user input assembly to make the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10 enter the balance mode, the detection control circuit detects the voltage values of each battery module, and outputs a balance signal or an exit balance signal to the corresponding bypass switch according to the voltage values, so that the multi-stage battery modules perform voltage balance until all the battery modules reach voltage balance. Specifically, the detection control circuit first obtains the voltage values of the battery modules at each stage, and determines whether the battery modules need to perform voltage balance. When the voltage difference between two adjacent battery modules at each stage is greater than a preset voltage difference, the detection control circuit controls the corresponding bypass switch to be turned off, so that the corresponding DC converter works to enable the two adjacent battery modules to exchange energy with each other until the voltages of the two adjacent battery modules are the same, thereby enabling the two adjacent battery modules to complete battery balance. The detection control circuit can control the multi-stage battery modules to perform voltage balance step by step, and repeatedly perform the above steps multiple times until all the battery modules reach voltage balance, or the detection control circuit can control the multi-stage battery modules to perform voltage balance at the same time. In the balance mode in the present application, the detection control circuit can automatically control the battery modules whose voltages are not balanced to perform voltage balance, so that all the battery modules reach voltage balance.

[0076] In the technical scheme of the present application, the user input assembly is provided, and the user issues a control instruction to the detection control circuit through the user input assembly to enable the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10 to enter different working modes, thereby realizing the function of automatically performing voltage balance of the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10, enabling the multi-stage battery modules to reach voltage balance, having high consistency, avoiding the short board effect of the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10, and improving the service life of the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10.

[0077] Reference Figure 1 With Figure 2 In an embodiment, the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10 further comprises:

[0078] N battery protection circuits, each of the battery protection circuits is electrically connected with one of the battery modules, and the battery protection circuit is configured to detect an operating parameter of the corresponding battery module, and control the corresponding battery module to be electrically disconnected from the corresponding DC converter when it is determined that the corresponding battery module is abnormal according to the operating parameter.

[0079] In the embodiment, the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10 is provided with a plurality of battery protection circuits, each of which is correspondingly arranged with a battery module. The battery protection circuit can be implemented by using a microprocessor, and one or more of a short-circuit protection circuit, a current detection circuit, a voltage detection circuit, a temperature detection circuit, and a reverse connection protection circuit, so that the battery protection circuit can have functions of short-circuit protection, overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection, over-temperature protection, undervoltage protection, and reverse connection protection. The microprocessor in the battery protection circuit can be a detection control circuit in the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10, or a dedicated microprocessor. The battery protection circuit is configured to detect the operating parameters of the corresponding battery module, i.e., the voltage, current, and temperature of the corresponding battery module. When the battery module is abnormal, such as overcurrent, overvoltage, or insufficient power, the battery protection circuit controls the battery module to be disconnected from the external connection, i.e., the battery module is electrically disconnected from the corresponding DC converter and bypass switch, thereby protecting the battery module. The present application realizes various functional protections such as overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection, and reverse connection protection by arranging the battery protection circuit. When the working state of the battery module is detected to be abnormal, the external connection of the battery module is disconnected to protect the battery module and avoid catastrophic accidents, thereby improving the stability and safety of the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10.

[0080] The present application also provides a multi-stage stackable energy storage system, which refers to Figure 3 In an embodiment, the present application comprises:

[0081] The multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10 described above;

[0082] A load access interface 20 is configured to access an electrical load.

[0083] A voltage converter module 30 is arranged in series between the load access interface 20 and the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10, and is configured to convert the voltage output by the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10 and output to the connected electrical load to supply power to the electrical load.

[0084] In the embodiment, the multi-stage stackable energy storage system comprises a load access interface 20 and a voltage converter module 30, which is arranged in series between the load access interface 20 and the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10, and is used to convert the voltage output by the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10 and output to the connected power load, so that the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10 supplies power to the power load. The voltage converter module 30 can be implemented by using a DC-DC converter or a DC-AC converter. Further, the voltage converter module 30 can also be bidirectional, so as to realize charging and discharging of the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10. Similarly, the load access interface 20 can also be used to connect a charging device, so as to charge the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10 through the voltage converter module 30.

[0085] In addition, the specific structure of the multi-stage stackable energy storage module 10 refers to the above-mentioned embodiments. Since the multi-stage stackable energy storage system adopts all the technical solutions of the above-mentioned embodiments, it at least has all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0086] The application further provides an electric vehicle, which comprises the above-mentioned multi-stage stackable energy storage module or the above-mentioned multi-stage stackable energy storage system. The specific structure of the multi-stage stackable energy storage module and the multi-stage stackable energy storage system refers to the above-mentioned embodiments. Since the electric vehicle adopts all the technical solutions of the above-mentioned embodiments, it at least has all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0087] The above-mentioned is only the preferred embodiment of the application, and does not limit the patent scope of the application. Any equivalent structural transformation made according to the content of the specification and drawings of the application, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields under the inventive concept of the application is included in the patent protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A multi-stage stackable energy storage module, characterized by, The multi-level stackable energy storage module comprises: a first connection end and a second connection end for connecting to an electrical load; N battery modules, the N battery modules being connected in parallel between the first connection end and the second connection end in a preset performance level order; N-1 DC converters, each of the DC converters being arranged in series between two adjacent battery modules, and the DC converter being configured to perform energy exchange between the two adjacent battery modules to equalize the voltage of the two adjacent battery modules; the multi-level stackable energy storage module further comprises: N-1 bypass switches, each of the bypass switches being arranged in parallel with a DC converter, and the bypass switch being configured to bypass the corresponding DC converter and control the electrical connection between the two adjacent battery modules; the preset performance level comprises one or more of a battery rate level, a battery cycle life level, a battery unit capacity price level, and a battery storage unit capacity value level; a distance between each of the battery modules and the electrical load is related to the performance level of each of the battery modules, wherein the battery module closest to the electrical load has the highest performance level; a detection control circuit, N detection ends of the detection control circuit being connected to the N battery modules one by one, and N-1 control ends of the detection control circuit being connected to the N-1 bypass switches one by one, the detection control circuit being configured to detect the voltage of each of the battery modules and output an equalization signal to the corresponding bypass switch according to the voltage; each of the bypass switches is configured to stop bypassing the corresponding DC converter when the equalization signal is received, so that the corresponding DC converter controls the energy exchange between the two adjacent battery modules; the detection control circuit is further configured to detect the voltage of each of the battery modules when the battery modules perform energy exchange, and output an exit equalization signal to the corresponding bypass switch according to the voltage; each of the bypass switches is configured to bypass the corresponding DC converter when the exit equalization signal is received, and control the electrical connection between the two adjacent battery modules to stop the energy exchange between the two adjacent battery modules.

2. The multi-stage stackable energy storage module of claim 1, wherein, The detection control circuit comprises: a voltage detection circuit, N detection ends of the voltage detection circuit being connected to the N battery modules one by one, the voltage detection circuit being configured to detect the voltage of each of the battery modules and output a corresponding voltage detection signal; a control circuit, a receiving end of the control circuit being connected to an output end of the voltage detection circuit, and N-1 control ends of the control circuit being connected to the N-1 bypass switches one by one, the control circuit being configured to output an equalization signal or an exit equalization signal to the corresponding bypass switch according to the voltage detection signal.

3. The multi-stage stackable energy storage module of claim 1, wherein, The multi-level stackable energy storage module further comprises: a user input component, an output end of the user input component being connected to the detection control circuit, the user input component being configured to output a corresponding external control instruction to the detection control circuit when triggered by a user. The detection control circuit has two working modes, and the control circuit is used for working in a corresponding working mode of the two working modes according to the external control instruction triggered by a user; wherein, When working in the equalization mode, the detection control circuit detects a voltage value of each battery module, and outputs an equalization signal or an exit equalization signal to a corresponding bypass switch according to the voltage value, so that the voltage values of each battery module are equalized; When working in the normal mode, the detection control circuit outputs an exit equalization signal to each bypass switch to control the bypass switch to bypass the corresponding DC converter, so that each battery module stops energy exchange.

4. The multi-stage stackable energy storage module of claim 1, wherein, The multi-stage stackable energy storage module further comprises: N battery protection circuits, each of the battery protection circuits is electrically connected with a battery module, and the battery protection circuit is used for detecting the working parameters of the corresponding battery module, and when it is determined that the corresponding battery module is abnormal according to the working parameters, the corresponding battery module is disconnected from the corresponding DC converter.

5. A multi-stage stackable energy storage system, characterized by, Comprise: The multi-stage stackable energy storage module according to any one of claims 1-4; A load access interface for accessing an electrical load; A voltage converter module arranged in series between the load access interface and the multi-stage stackable energy storage module, the voltage converter module is used for voltage conversion of the voltage output by the multi-stage stackable energy storage module and then output to the accessed electrical load to supply power to the electrical load.

6. An electric vehicle, characterized by Comprise the multi-stage stackable energy storage module according to any one of claims 1-4; or, comprise the multi-stage stackable energy storage system according to claim 5.

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