A device and method for tunnel construction in swampy soil layers in high-altitude cold regions

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, specifically to a tunnel entry construction device and method in swampy soil layers in high-altitude cold regions, comprising a protective channel, wherein a protective diversion mechanism is provided above the protective channel, the protective diversion mechanism being used to safely protect crushed soil or gravel falling from the inner wall of the tunnel opening, and being able to divert the gravel or crushed soil to the lower sides of the protective channel; the present invention provides a protective diversion mechanism above the protective channel, the protective diversion mechanism being able to divert and carry the soil or gravel mixture falling from the inner wall of the tunnel opening, and being able to vibrate the fallen soil or gravel mixture to the lower sides of the protective channel under the action of vibration, thereby being able to automatically clean the soil or gravel mixture falling above the protective channel, so that the protective channel will not be affected by the weight of the sticky soil or gravel mixture and produce sedimentation, thereby improving the safe protection use of the protective channel in swampy areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a device and method for constructing a tunnel in a swampy soil layer in a high-altitude cold region. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel entry construction is the starting point of a tunnel project and is crucial to the quality of subsequent construction. Because the soil moisture content and viscosity of the swampy land layers in high-altitude cold regions are relatively high, the strength of the stone-soil structure at the tunnel entrance is further reduced, making it prone to the risk of stone and soil falling off at the tunnel entrance, which in turn affects tunnel entry construction.

[0003] When the existing protective passage is set up at the tunnel entrance, the tunnel body is constantly being excavated. Therefore, the tunnel body is subjected to the impact or blasting force of mechanical equipment or drilling and blasting operations, which will cause the sticky mud or gravel on the inner wall of the tunnel entrance to fall onto the platform of the protective passage. Since the platform of the protective passage is mostly a flat mesh plate, the mud or gravel that falls on the platform will accumulate and stick to the platform for a long time. If the platform of the protective passage is not cleaned regularly, the weight of the large amount of mud or gravel adhered to the platform will cause the protective passage to sink on the swamp soil layer, thereby affecting the safety protection operation of the protective passage for the tunnel entrance. In addition, if the mud or gravel mixture adheres to the surface of the platform, it will increase the difficulty of cleaning the platform for construction workers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel construction device and method in swampy soil layers in high-altitude cold areas to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a tunnel entry construction device for swampy land layers in high-altitude cold regions, comprising a protective channel, above which a protective diversion mechanism is arranged, which is used to safely protect the broken soil or gravel falling from the inner wall of the tunnel entrance, and can divert the gravel or broken soil to the bottom of both sides of the protective channel.

[0006] Furthermore, the protective guide mechanism includes an arc-shaped mesh plate, a protective vertical plate, a buffer seat, a vibrating rod and a connecting buffer component. The arc-shaped mesh plate is arranged in an arc shape on the upper surface of the protective channel, and protective vertical plates are arranged on both sides of the arc-shaped mesh plate. The protective vertical plates are located on the left and right sides of the protective channel. A vibration motor is installed on the upper surface of the protective channel through the buffer seat, and the vibration motor contacts the lower surface of the arc-shaped mesh plate through the vibrating rod. The arc-shaped mesh plate is elastically connected to the inner wall of the tunnel through multiple connecting buffer components.

[0007] Furthermore, the connecting buffer component includes a solid square steel, a hollow square steel, a connecting rod and a locking nut. The solid square steel is inserted into the upper casting hole opened in the front and rear depth direction of the tunnel top wall, and the hollow square steel is inserted into the lower casting hole, and the hollow square steel is located below the solid square steel. A plurality of through holes are evenly opened in the length direction of the hollow square steel, and a plurality of threaded holes are evenly opened in the length direction of the solid square steel, and the plurality of threaded holes are aligned with the plurality of through holes. There is an insertion hole corresponding to the bottom of the threaded hole, and the insertion hole The entry hole is vertically opened on the wall at the top of the tunnel. Threaded rods are fixedly provided at the upper and lower ends of the connecting rod. The threaded rod at the upper end of the connecting rod is inserted into the insertion hole and the through hole and is threadedly connected to the threaded hole. The threaded rod at the lower end of the connecting rod slides through the lower surface of the arc-shaped mesh plate and is connected to a locking nut. A limiting spring is sleeved on the threaded rod arranged at the lower end, and the bottom end of the limiting spring contacts the upper surface of the locking nut, and the upper surface of the limiting spring contacts the lower surface of the arc-shaped mesh plate. The arc-shaped mesh plate is made of aluminum alloy.

[0008] Furthermore, the size of the lower casting hole is larger than the size of the hollow square steel, the diameter of the through hole and the insertion hole is larger than the diameter of the connecting rod, the outer wall of the connecting rod is evenly provided with a plurality of elastic thorns, and the elastic thorns are made of water-absorbing and expanding material, and the surface of the elastic thorns is provided with a plurality of recessed holes.

[0009] Furthermore, the protective channel is connected to the vertical inner walls on both sides of the tunnel through connecting components, and the connecting components include an internal threaded sleeve, a fixing screw, a positioning block and an elastic buffer block. Multiple internal threaded sleeves are evenly fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel, and the outer ends of multiple internal threaded sleeves are exposed to the tunnel surface. Multiple blind grooves are provided on the arc-shaped rounded inner wall where the vertical frame and the horizontal plate of the protective channel are connected, and positioning blocks are provided in the multiple blind grooves. Through holes are provided on the multiple positioning blocks and the multiple blind grooves. One end of the fixing screw passes through the through hole on the blind hole and is connected to the internal threaded sleeve, and the other end of the fixing screw is threadedly fixed by a locking nut, and an elastic buffer block is directly provided on the locking nut and the positioning block.

[0010] Furthermore, a grouting cavity is provided inside the fixing screw, a plurality of water-absorbing expansion strips are provided on the top surface of the fixing screw, a plurality of card slots are provided inside the top of the internal threaded sleeve, and the plurality of water-absorbing expansion strips are respectively inserted into the card slots.

[0011] A method for constructing a tunnel in a high-altitude cold region swampy soil layer, using the above-mentioned construction device to construct the tunnel, the method comprises the following steps:

[0012] S1: Portal Excavation: Based on the designed structure of the tunnel portal and the terrain elevation of the portal, the coordinates of the portal excavation outline and the coordinates of the center of each mileage are calculated in detail. The tunnel portal is excavated by drilling and blasting to form the tunnel portal.

[0013] S2: Installation of protective channel: Build a protective channel at the tunnel entrance, and hoist the protective diversion mechanism to the bottom of the tunnel entrance arch surface through the connecting buffer components, and then fix and anchor it through the connecting components;

[0014] S3: Tunnel excavation: Use small-diameter explosive cartridges for excavation blasting, and use non-electric detonating cords for detonation in leaking and gushing areas. After excavation, check the geological structure and carry out monitoring and measurement work in a timely manner.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. The present invention provides a protective diversion mechanism above the protective channel, which can divert and carry the soil or gravel mixture falling from the inner wall of the tunnel entrance in an arc shape, and can vibrate the fallen soil or gravel mixture to flow to the bottom of both sides of the protective channel, so that the soil or gravel mixture falling above the protective channel can be automatically cleaned and discharged to the ground on both sides of the protective channel, so that the protective channel will not be affected by the weight of the sticky soil or gravel mixture and produce sedimentation, thereby improving the safety protection of the protective channel in swamp areas.

[0017] 2. The present invention hoists the curved mesh plate to the inner wall of the tunnel entrance by connecting the buffer component. Even if a sticky mixture falls on the curved mesh plate to produce accumulation, the gravity exerted on the curved mesh plate will not directly act on the protective channel, thereby reducing the overall weight of the protective channel, thereby further reducing the phenomenon of settlement of the protective channel caused by long-term use in swamp areas; and because the curved mesh plate is supported on the connecting rod by the elastic gravity of the limit spring and the locking nut, even if the vibration motor continuously vibrates the curved mesh plate through the vibration rod, it will not affect the vibration of the curved mesh plate, so that the curved mesh plate can be safely and stably hoisted and fixed in a state of continuous vibration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the construction of the protection channel at the tunnel entrance of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the protection channel of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of the middle part;

[0021] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle.

[0022] In the figure: 1. Protection channel; 2. Protection guide mechanism; 21. Arc mesh plate; 22. Protection vertical plate; 23. Buffer seat; 24. Vibrating rod; 3. Connecting buffer member; 31. Solid square steel; 311. Threaded hole; 32. Hollow square steel; 321. Through hole; 33. Connecting rod; 34. Locking nut; 35. Threaded rod; 4. Elastic spur; 51. Internally threaded sleeve; 511. Slot; 52. Fixing screw; 521. Grouting chamber; 53. Positioning block; 54. Elastic buffer block; 6. Water absorption expansion strip; 7. Upper casting hole; 8. Lower casting hole; 9. Insertion hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, the present invention provides a tunnel construction device for swampy soil in high-altitude cold areas, including a protective channel 1, wherein a protective diversion mechanism 2 is arranged above the protective channel 1, and the protective diversion mechanism 2 is used to safely protect the broken soil or gravel falling from the inner wall of the tunnel opening, and can divert the gravel or broken soil to the bottom of both sides of the protective channel 1; during operation, when it is necessary to set up a safe protective channel 1 at the tunnel opening in a swampy area, since the soil moisture in the swampy area is relatively high and the viscosity is relatively large, therefore, when the existing protective channel 1 is set up at the opening, since the tunnel body is continuously excavated, the tunnel body is subjected to the impact force or blasting force of mechanical equipment or drilling and blasting operations, which will cause the sticky soil or gravel on the inner wall of the tunnel opening to fall onto the platform of the protective channel 1, and since the platform of the protective channel 1 is mostly a flat mesh plate, the soil or gravel falling onto the platform will accumulate for a long time and stick to the platform. If the protective channel 1 is not properly If the platform of the protective channel 1 is cleaned regularly, the weight of the large amount of soil or gravel adhered and accumulated on the platform will cause the protective channel 1 to sink on the swamp soil layer, thereby affecting the safety protection operation of the protective channel 1 for the tunnel entrance. In addition, if the soil or gravel mixture adheres to the surface of the platform, it will increase the difficulty of cleaning the platform for construction workers. Therefore, the present application sets a protective diversion mechanism 2 above the protective channel 1, which can carry the soil or gravel mixture fallen from the inner wall of the tunnel entrance in an arc shape, and can vibrate the fallen soil or gravel mixture to the bottom of the two sides of the protective channel 1 under the action of vibration, so that the soil or gravel mixture fallen above the protective channel 1 can be automatically cleaned and discharged to the ground on both sides of the protective channel 1, so that the protective channel 1 will not be affected by the weight of the sticky soil or gravel mixture and produce sedimentation, thereby improving the safety protection use of the protective channel 1 in swamp areas.

[0025] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the protective guide mechanism 2 includes an arc-shaped mesh plate 21, a protective vertical plate 22, a buffer seat 23, a rapping rod 24 and a connecting buffer member 3. The arc-shaped mesh plate 21 is arranged on the upper surface of the protective channel 1, and protective vertical plates 22 are arranged on both sides of the arc-shaped mesh plate 21. The protective vertical plates 22 are located on the left and right sides of the protective channel 1. A vibration motor is installed on the upper surface of the protective channel 1 through the buffer seat 23, and the vibration motor contacts the lower surface of the arc-shaped mesh plate 21 through the rapping rod 24. The arc-shaped mesh plate 21 is provided with a plurality of protective vertical plates 22 on the upper surface of the protective channel 1. The protective channel 1 is moved to the tunnel entrance position, and the arc-shaped mesh plate 21 is hoisted to the tunnel inner wall through the connecting member, and the protective vertical plate 22 is located on both sides of the protective channel 1. Since the vibration motor is fixed to the platform of the protective channel 1 through the buffer seat 23, when the soil or gravel mixture on the inner wall of the tunnel entrance falls onto the arc-shaped mesh plate 21, since the arc-shaped mesh plate 21 is arched synchronously with the tunnel entrance, the soil or gravel mixture falling onto the arc-shaped mesh plate 21 will not fall. Part of the soil or gravel mixture will roll along the curved mesh plate 21 to the inner walls of the hole on both sides, and fall to the ground of the hole along the protective vertical plate 22. The protective vertical plate 22 can protect the gravel mixture falling on both sides of the protective channel 1 of the frame structure, preventing the gravel mixture from falling to the ground and splashing into the interior of the protective channel 1, which would cause a safety hazard to the construction workers. The construction workers can control the vibration motor to work at a fixed time, and the exciting force generated by the vibration motor will vibrate the curved mesh plate 21 through the vibration rod, causing the curved mesh plate 21 to vibrate. The vibration of the curved mesh plate 21 will quickly separate the soil or gravel mixture adhering to itself, thereby facilitating the automatic cleaning of the mixture adhering to the curved mesh plate 21. In combination with the arched curved mesh plate 21, the soil or gravel mixture falling above the protective channel 1 will not accumulate, and will not cause the protective channel 1 to settle due to gravity. At the same time, there is no need for construction workers to manually clean the fallen, adhered and accumulated mixture above the protective channel 1.

[0026] like Figure 3As shown, the connecting buffer member 3 includes a solid square steel 31, a hollow square steel 32, a connecting rod 33 and a locking nut 34. The solid square steel 31 is inserted into the upper casting hole 7 opened in the front and rear depth direction of the tunnel top wall, and the hollow square steel 32 is inserted into the lower casting hole 8, and the hollow square steel 32 is located below the solid square steel 31. A plurality of through holes 321 are evenly opened in the length direction of the hollow square steel 32, and a plurality of threaded holes 311 are evenly opened in the length direction of the solid square steel 31, and the plurality of threaded holes 311 are aligned with the plurality of through holes 321. There is an insertion hole 9 corresponding to the bottom of the threaded hole 311, and the insertion hole 9 is vertically opened on the wall at the top of the tunnel. The upper and lower ends of the connecting rod 33 are provided. The ends are fixed with threaded rods 35, the threaded rod 35 at the upper end of the connecting rod 33 is inserted into the insertion hole 9 and the through hole 321 and is threadedly connected with the threaded hole 311, the threaded rod 35 at the lower end of the connecting rod 33 slides through the lower surface of the curved mesh plate 21 and is connected to a locking nut 34, a limiting spring is sleeved on the threaded rod 35 arranged at the lower end, and the bottom end of the limiting spring contacts the upper surface of the locking nut 34, and the upper surface of the limiting spring contacts the lower surface of the curved mesh plate 21, and the curved mesh plate 21 is made of aluminum alloy material; during work, when it is necessary to hoist and fix the curved mesh plate 21 through the connecting component, the construction personnel can set the protection channel 1 part to the outside of the tunnel entrance, and then the construction personnel can set the protection channel 1 part to the outside of the tunnel entrance The retractable skylight top plate on the platform of the protective passage 1 can be opened to enter the platform of the protective passage 1, and the upper pouring hole 7 and the lower pouring hole 8 are drilled on the outer surface rock wall of the tunnel entrance, and then the insertion hole 9 is drilled on the arch wall of the tunnel entrance, and the solid square steel 31 and the hollow square steel 32 are respectively inserted into the upper pouring hole 7 and the lower pouring hole 8, so that the multiple threaded holes 311, the through holes 321 and the insertion holes 9 are aligned with each other, and then the arc mesh plate 21 and the protective vertical plates 22 on both sides are pushed to the top of the protective passage 1, so that the connecting holes on the arc mesh plate 21 are aligned with the insertion holes 9, and then the threaded rods 35 at the upper ends of the multiple connecting rods 33 are respectively passed through the connecting holes, the insertion holes 9, the through holes 311 and the insertion holes 9 on the arc mesh plate 21. 21 is connected to the threaded hole 311 of the square steel, and then the construction workers inject concrete slurry into the hollow square steel 32 through the grouting equipment to cast and fix the connecting rod 33 inserted into the hollow square steel 32, and then the limit spring is sleeved on the threaded rod 35 at the lower end, and the locking nut 34 is threadedly connected to the threaded rod 35 at the lower end, thereby facilitating the lifting and fixing operation of the curved mesh plate 21. Even if the adhesive mixture accumulates when the curved mesh plate 21 falls up and down, the gravity exerted on the curved mesh plate 21 will not directly act on the protection channel 1, thereby reducing the overall weight of the protection channel 1, thereby further reducing the phenomenon of settlement caused by long-term use of the protection channel 1 in swamp areas;Furthermore, since the curved mesh panel 21 is elastically supported on the connecting rod 33 by the limit spring and the locking nut 34, even if the vibration motor continuously vibrates the curved mesh panel 21 via the vibration rod, the vibration of the curved mesh panel 21 will not be affected, thereby enabling the curved mesh panel 21 to be safely and stably hoisted and fixed even in the state of continuous vibration. Compared with the rigid connection between the connecting rod 33 and the curved mesh panel 21, the provision of the limit spring can also play an effective buffering role between the curved mesh panel 21 and the connecting rod 33, preventing the continuous vibration force of the curved mesh panel 21 from being transmitted to the inner wall of the tunnel entrance through the connecting rod 33, causing large-scale falling of the marsh soil on the inner wall of the tunnel entrance.

[0027] like Figure 3 As shown, the size of the lower pouring hole 8 is larger than the size of the hollow square steel 32, the diameters of the through hole 321 and the insertion hole 9 are larger than the diameter of the connecting rod 33, and the outer wall of the connecting rod 33 is evenly provided with a plurality of elastic thorn pieces 4, and the elastic thorn pieces 4 are made of water-absorbing and expanding material, and the surface of the elastic thorn pieces 4 is provided with a plurality of recessed holes; during operation, when it is necessary to inject concrete slurry into the lower pouring hole 8, the construction personnel can reduce the viscosity of the concrete slurry at this time. When the concrete slurry continuously enters the lower pouring hole 8 and the hollow square steel 32, the concrete slurry will enter the insertion hole 9 through the through hole 321. Since the diameter of the insertion hole 9 is larger than the diameter of the connecting rod 33, in order to prevent the diluted concrete slurry from being discharged through the insertion hole 9, the construction personnel can set a sealing ring at the orifice position of the connecting rod 33 and the insertion hole 9, so that the concrete slurry solidifies between the insertion hole 9 and the connecting rod 33, and since the outer wall of the connecting rod 33 An elastic thorn piece 4 made of water-absorbing and expanding material is provided. Therefore, when the elastic thorn piece 4 encounters water in the diluted concrete slurry, the elastic thorn piece 4 will expand and harden into the insertion hole 9, and the multiple recessed holes opened on the elastic thorn piece 4 will cause the concrete slurry to produce a bulge wrapped around the elastic thorn piece 4, thereby further increasing the firmness of the connection rod 33 installed in the insertion hole 9. Since the size of the hollow square steel 32 is smaller than the size of the lower casting hole 8, the outer wall of the hollow square steel 32 and the swamp soil layer will be fixed by concrete slurry, and the connection rod 33 fixed by concrete slurry can reinforce the swamp soil layer on the inner wall of the tunnel entrance, which can not only reduce the falling of soil or gravel mixture when the inner wall of the tunnel entrance is subjected to impact force or blasting force, but also increase the bearing capacity of the arc mesh plate 21 after hoisting and fixing, so that the arc mesh plate 21 can stably and safely carry and guide the fallen mixture.

[0028] like Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, the protective channel 1 is connected to the vertical inner walls on both sides of the tunnel through connecting components. The connecting components include an internal threaded sleeve 51, a fixing screw 52, ​​a positioning block 53 and an elastic buffer block 54. A plurality of the internal threaded sleeves 51 are evenly fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel, and the outer ends of the plurality of internal threaded sleeves 51 are exposed to the tunnel surface. A plurality of blind grooves are provided on the arc-shaped rounded inner wall where the vertical frame and the horizontal plate of the protective channel 1 are connected, and a positioning block 53 is provided in each of the plurality of blind grooves. A plurality of the positioning blocks 53 and Through holes are provided on multiple blind grooves, one end of the fixing screw 52 passes through the through hole provided on the blind hole and is connected to the internal threaded sleeve 51, and the other end of the fixing screw 52 is threadedly fixed by a locking nut 34, and an elastic buffer block 54 is directly provided between the locking nut 34 and the positioning block 53; during operation, since the moisture content of the swamp soil layer is relatively high, in order to prevent the protective channel 1 from sinking after long-term use, the construction personnel first anchor the multiple internal threaded sleeves 51 on the rock wall of the tunnel entrance in sequence, and then After that, the protective channel 1 is moved to the corresponding position, and the fixing screw 52 is passed through the arc-shaped rounded through hole of the protective channel 1 to connect with the internal threaded sleeve 51. Then, the positioning block 53 is stuck in the blind groove, and then the elastic buffer block 54 is sleeved on the fixed drop rod and fits with the side wall of the positioning block 53. Then, it is connected to the fixing screw 52 through the locking nut 34, thereby achieving the fixation of the protective channel 1; and the protective channel 1 can achieve not only the protection of the protective channel 1 but also the protection of the protective channel 1 through the cooperation of the fixing screw 52 and the internal threaded sleeve 51 anchored on the rock wall. The protective channel 1 can be fixed and the gravity support can be provided for the protective channel 1 at the same time. The fixing screw 52 can realize the quick disassembly of the protective channel 1 through the detachable cooperation of the locking nut 34, and there is no need to disassemble the internal threaded sleeve 51 anchored on the rock wall to realize the disassembly of the protective channel 1. Therefore, the rock wall of the swamp soil layer will not be damaged for the second time, and the internal threaded sleeve 51 left on the rock wall can also be used for the second time, such as laying waterproof panels or other materials that need to be fixed on the inner wall of the tunnel entrance.

[0029] like Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, a grouting cavity 521 is provided inside the fixing screw 52, ​​and a plurality of water-absorbing expansion strips 6 are provided on the top surface of the fixing screw 52. A plurality of slots 511 are provided inside the top of the internally threaded sleeve 51, and the plurality of water-absorbing expansion strips 6 are respectively inserted into the slots 511. During operation, when the fixing screw 52 is rotated and threadedly connected to the internally threaded sleeve 51, the plurality of water-absorbing expansion strips 6 will first be inserted into the plurality of slots 511, and then the diluted concrete slurry will be injected into the grouting cavity 521 and the internally threaded sleeve 51 through the injection hole, and the water-absorbing expansion strips 6 will be inserted into the plurality of slots 511. 6 The combination of the concrete slurry that absorbs water, expands and hardens when encountering concrete slurry and the concrete slurry that solidifies in the fixing screw 52 and the internal threaded sleeve 51 can improve the connection firmness between the fixing screw 52 and the internal threaded sleeve 51, so that the fixing screw 52 and the internal threaded sleeve 51 form a whole, thereby improving the safe and stable fixation of the connecting member to the protection channel 1. In addition, the fixing screw 52 and the internal threaded sleeve 51 form a whole, which can prevent the fixing screw 52 from rotating in the internal threaded sleeve 51 when the locking nut 34 is removed from the fixing screw 52.

[0030] A method for constructing a tunnel in a high-altitude cold region swampy soil layer, using the above-mentioned construction device to construct the tunnel, the method comprises the following steps:

[0031] S1: Portal Excavation: Based on the designed structure of the tunnel portal and the terrain elevation of the portal, the coordinates of the portal excavation outline and the coordinates of the center of each mileage are calculated in detail. The tunnel portal is excavated by drilling and blasting to form the tunnel portal.

[0032] S2: Installation of the protection channel 1: Set up the protection channel 1 at the cave entrance, and hoist the protection diversion mechanism 2 to the bottom of the cave entrance arch surface through the connecting buffer component 3, and then fix and anchor it through the connecting components;

[0033] S3: Tunnel excavation: Use small-diameter explosive cartridges for excavation blasting, and use non-electric detonating cords for detonation in leaking and gushing areas. After excavation, check the geological structure and carry out monitoring and measurement work in a timely manner.

[0034] Working principle: During operation, when the curved mesh plate 21 needs to be hoisted and fixed through connecting components, the construction workers can set the protection channel 1 part outside the tunnel entrance, and then the construction workers can open the open and close skylight top plate on the platform of the protection channel 1 to enter the platform of the protection channel 1, drill the upper pouring hole 7 and the lower pouring hole 8 on the outer surface rock wall of the tunnel entrance, and then drill the insertion hole 9 on the arch wall of the tunnel entrance, insert the solid square steel 31 and the hollow square steel 32 into the upper pouring hole 7 and the lower pouring hole 8 respectively, so that the multiple threaded holes 311, the through holes 321 and the insertion holes 9 are aligned with each other, and then push the curved mesh plate 21 and the protective vertical plates 22 on both sides to the top of the protection channel 1, so that the connecting holes on the curved mesh plate 21 are aligned with the insertion holes 9, and then the upper ends of the multiple connecting rods 33 The threaded rods 35 at the top are connected to the threaded holes 311 of the square steel through the connecting holes, insertion holes 9 and through holes 321 on the curved mesh plate 21 respectively. Then the construction workers inject concrete slurry into the hollow square steel 32 through the grouting equipment to cast and fix the connecting rods 33 inserted into the hollow square steel 32. Then the limit spring is sleeved on the threaded rod 35 at the lower end, and the locking nut 34 is threadedly connected to the threaded rod 35 at the lower end, so as to facilitate the lifting and fixing of the curved mesh plate 21. Even if the adhesive mixture accumulates when the curved mesh plate 21 falls up and down, the gravity exerted on the curved mesh plate 21 will not directly act on the protective channel 1, thereby reducing the overall weight of the protective channel 1, thereby further reducing the phenomenon of settlement caused by long-term use of the protective channel 1 in swamp areas.

[0035] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tunnel construction device for high altitude cold region swampy soil layer, comprising a protective channel (1), characterized in that: A protective flow guide mechanism (2) is provided above the protective channel (1), and the protective flow guide mechanism (2) is used to safely protect the crushed soil or gravel falling from the inner wall of the tunnel opening, and is capable of guiding the gravel or crushed soil to the bottom of both sides of the protective channel (1); The protective flow guide mechanism (2) comprises an arc-shaped mesh plate (21), a protective vertical plate (22), a buffer seat (23), a rapping rod (24) and a connecting buffer member (3); the arc-shaped mesh plate (21) is arranged in an arc shape on the upper surface of the protective channel (1), and protective vertical plates (22) are arranged on both sides of the arc-shaped mesh plate (21); the protective vertical plates (22) are located on the left and right sides of the protective channel (1); a vibration motor is installed on the upper surface of the protective channel (1) through the buffer seat (23), and the vibration motor contacts the lower surface of the arc-shaped mesh plate (21) through the rapping rod (24); the arc-shaped mesh plate (21) is elastically connected to the inner wall of the tunnel entrance through a plurality of connecting buffer members (3); The connecting buffer member (3) comprises a solid square steel (31), a hollow square steel (32), a connecting rod (33) and a locking nut (34); the solid square steel (31) is inserted into an upper pouring hole (7) opened in the front-back depth direction of the tunnel top wall; the hollow square steel (32) is inserted into a lower pouring hole (8), and the hollow square steel (32) is located below the solid square steel (31); a plurality of through holes (321) are evenly opened in the length direction of the hollow square steel (32); a plurality of threaded holes (311) are evenly opened in the length direction of the solid square steel (31); the plurality of threaded holes (311) are aligned with the plurality of through holes (321); and an insertion hole (9) is correspondingly provided below the threaded hole (311). The insertion hole (9) is vertically opened on the wall at the top of the tunnel, and the upper and lower ends of the connecting rod (33) are fixedly provided with threaded rods (35). The threaded rod (35) at the upper end of the connecting rod (33) is inserted into the insertion hole (9) and the through hole (321) and is threadedly connected to the threaded hole (311). The threaded rod (35) at the lower end of the connecting rod (33) slides through the lower surface of the arc mesh plate (21) and is connected to a locking nut (34). A limit spring is sleeved on the threaded rod (35) provided at the lower end, and the bottom end of the limit spring contacts the upper surface of the locking nut (34), and the upper surface of the limit spring contacts the lower surface of the arc mesh plate (21). The arc mesh plate (21) is made of aluminum alloy material.

2. The high-altitude cold region swampland stratum tunnel construction device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The size of the lower pouring hole (8) is larger than the size of the hollow square steel (32); the diameters of the through hole (321) and the insertion hole (9) are larger than the diameter of the connecting rod (33); the outer wall of the connecting rod (33) is evenly provided with a plurality of elastic thorn pieces (4); the elastic thorn pieces (4) are made of water-absorbing and expanding material; and the surface of the elastic thorn pieces (4) is provided with a plurality of recessed holes.

3. The high-altitude cold region swampland stratum tunnel construction device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The protective channel (1) is connected to the vertical inner walls on both sides of the tunnel entrance through a connecting member. The connecting member includes an internal threaded sleeve (51), a fixing screw (52), a positioning block (53) and an elastic buffer block (54). A plurality of the internal threaded sleeves (51) are evenly fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel, and the outer ends of the plurality of internal threaded sleeves (51) are exposed to the surface of the tunnel entrance. A plurality of blind grooves are provided on the arc-shaped rounded inner wall where the vertical frame and the horizontal plate of the protective channel (1) are connected, and positioning blocks (53) are provided in the plurality of blind grooves. Through holes are provided on the plurality of positioning blocks (53) and the plurality of blind grooves. One end of the fixing screw (52) passes through the through hole provided on the blind hole and is connected to the internal threaded sleeve (51). The other end of the fixing screw (52) is threadedly fixed by a locking nut (34), and the locking nut (34) and the positioning block (53) are directly provided with an elastic buffer block (54).

4. The high-altitude cold region swampland stratum tunnel construction device according to claim 3 is characterized by: A grouting cavity (521) is provided inside the fixing screw (52), a plurality of water-absorbing expansion strips (6) are provided on the top surface of the fixing screw (52), a plurality of slots (511) are provided inside the top surface of the internal threaded sleeve (51), and the plurality of water-absorbing expansion strips (6) are respectively inserted into the slots (511).

5. A method for constructing a tunnel in a high-altitude cold region swampy soil layer, characterized by: The method uses the construction device described in any one of claims 1 to 4 to construct a tunnel entrance, and the construction method includes the following steps: S1: Portal Excavation: Based on the designed structure of the tunnel portal and the terrain elevation of the portal, the coordinates of the portal excavation outline and the coordinates of the center of each mileage are calculated in detail. The tunnel portal is excavated by drilling and blasting to form the tunnel portal. S2: Installation of the protective channel (1): a protective channel (1) is set up at the cave entrance, and the protective diversion mechanism (2) is hoisted below the arch surface of the cave entrance through the connecting buffer component (3), and then fixed and anchored through the connecting component; S3: Tunnel excavation: Use small-diameter explosive cartridges for excavation blasting, and use non-electric detonating cords for detonation in leaking and gushing areas. After excavation, check the geological structure and carry out monitoring and measurement work in a timely manner.

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