A tunnel advance interception and drainage method suitable for mine infrastructure construction

Abstract

The present invention discloses a tunnel advance interception drainage method suitable for the infrastructure construction period of a mine, comprising the following steps: a, determining the interception drainage tunnel; b, drilling the first advance interception drainage hole in each interception drainage tunnel; c, drainage water volume control engineering; d, determining the number n of advance interception drainage holes in each interception drainage tunnel; e, determining the spacing L3 between the advance interception drainage holes in each interception drainage tunnel; f, constructing the second advance interception drainage hole in each interception drainage tunnel; g, repeating step f to complete the construction process of all advance interception drainage holes in the interception drainage tunnel. The present invention can not only reduce or alleviate the water inrush and landslide problems faced by tunnel excavation by releasing water; but also increase the drainage and discharge volume of underground water in the infrastructure construction period, thereby gradually reducing the underground water level in the mining area during the excavation of the development and mining tunnel, and creating conditions for mining operations after the tunnel is connected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining, and in particular to a tunnel advance interception and drainage method suitable for a mine infrastructure construction period. Background Art

[0002] Traditional underground drainage technology for water-rich mines uses drainage interception tunnels and drainage holes to intercept and drain water. Its implementation time node is after the development of the main underground horizontal tunnels or drainage tunnels. Its water prevention and control project is divided into two phases and implemented step by step: first, the exploration and grouting method is used during the mining infrastructure development period to ensure the safe excavation and excavation of horizontal tunnels and chambers; then, a large number of drainage projects are arranged to lower the groundwater level to the quasi-mining elevation before mining.

[0003] Water-rich mines (such as Gushan Iron Mine) are converted from open-pit mining to underground mining. When the horizontal tunnels are developed, the surrounding rocks exposed are mainly tuff, andesite and altered diorite. The rock strata have well-developed fissures, are highly water-rich, and have poor stability. Especially the altered diorite near the ore body has poor self-stabilization ability after excavation and is prone to landslides. The above-mentioned drainage methods often have the following two problems: First, the use of working face curtain grouting during the infrastructure period, especially during the horizontal tunnel development, will not only prolong the construction period and increase the cost, but also face the risk of high-pressure water inrush; Second, the concentrated drainage and water release period will greatly increase the mine infrastructure period, resulting in long drainage time and poor grouting effect. Even if the development system is formed, mining cannot be carried out.

[0004] At present, domestic and foreign experts have conducted a lot of research on the advance drainage of water-rich mines. For example, the Chinese patent with the authorization announcement number CN103291307B discloses a method for advance drainage of water-rich rock formations by drilling holes. The method is to use a reverse borehole rig or a geological drill to construct downward drainage holes in the plane range of 10m~30m×10m~30m in the excavated horizontal tunnels, and use the water pressure of the deep aquifer and the orifice of the drainage hole and the submersible pump to drain the groundwater below the horizontal tunnel. However, it is only suitable for rapid drainage of groundwater in the planned mining area or the ore body in the mine room during the mining period. It cannot reduce the groundwater level of the mine as a whole during the mine infrastructure development period, and it cannot alleviate the groundwater threat during tunnel development.

[0005] In summary, for water-rich ore bodies or large water deposits, the methods and technologies used at home and abroad cannot safely, quickly and economically achieve advanced drainage of water-rich rock strata in a large area of ​​the mine during the mine infrastructure construction period. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a tunnel advance interception and drainage method suitable for the mine infrastructure period, which can both reduce the water inrush pressure during tunnel excavation and increase the amount of water discharged underground.

[0007] The method for advanced interception and drainage of tunnels applicable to the mine infrastructure construction period provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0008] a. Determine the drainage tunnel

[0009] The quasi-development lanes in the middle section of the drainage that have been connected to the water tank, and other quasi-development lanes that have completed the construction of drainage ditches and drainage wells and can discharge water to the middle section of the drainage are used as water interception and drainage lanes;

[0010] b. Drill the first advance interception and drainage hole in each interception and drainage tunnel

[0011] According to the designed direction, excavate the water interception and drainage tunnel, stop excavation at a position 10-20m away from the excavation starting point, form the first tunnel face, and drill one advance interception and drainage hole at the rear of both sides of the tunnel face;

[0012] c. Drainage water volume control project

[0013] An orifice pipe is installed at the orifice of the advance interception drainage hole, and a pipe valve for regulating the single-hole drainage flow is installed on the orifice pipe. The outlet end of the pipe valve is connected to the drainage ditch through a PVC water pipe;

[0014] d. Determine the number n of advance interception and drainage holes in each interception and drainage tunnel

[0015] According to the total drainage volume under the normal drainage capacity of the mine, the number n of advance interception and drainage holes in each interception and drainage tunnel is determined. The formula is as follows:

[0016] n=B / (Qv·m),

[0017] Among them, B is the total drainage volume under normal drainage capacity of the well, in m 3 / h; Qv is the single hole drainage flow rate of the advance interception drainage hole, the unit is m 3 / h; m is the number of interception and drainage tunnels;

[0018] e. Determine the distance L3 between the advance interception and drainage holes in each interception and drainage tunnel

[0019] According to the designed length L of each interception and drainage tunnel, the spacing L3 between the advance interception and drainage holes in each interception and drainage tunnel is determined, and the formula is as follows:

[0020] L3<(L-20) / (n-1), and 50m<L3<100m

[0021] Among them, L is the designed length of each interception and drainage tunnel, in meters;

[0022] f. Construct the second advanced interception and drainage hole in each interception and drainage tunnel

[0023] Excavate forward a corresponding distance L3 in each interception and drainage tunnel to form a second tunnel face, drill an advance interception and drainage hole at the rear of both sides of the tunnel face, install an orifice pipe at the orifice of the advance interception and drainage hole, install a pipe valve for regulating the single-hole drainage flow on the orifice pipe, and the outlet end of the pipe valve is connected to the drainage ditch through a PVC water pipe;

[0024] g. Repeat step f to complete the construction process of all advance interception and drainage holes in the interception and drainage tunnel.

[0025] In step b, the opening diameter of the advance interception and drainage hole is φ108mm, the landing point of the advance interception and drainage hole is 15m away from the outside of the tunnel, the height of the advance interception and drainage hole from the tunnel bottom plate is 1.5m, and the advance interception and drainage hole is arranged at an angle of 30° to the direction of the water interception and drainage tunnel.

[0026] In step b, the depth of the advance interception drainage hole is 30m, the water outlet of the advance interception drainage hole with a depth of 0 to 10m is sealed by grouting, and the section with a depth of 10 to 30m in the advance interception drainage hole is used as the drainage section.

[0027] In step c, the pipe valve for controlling the single hole drainage flow rate through the pipe valve is 60 to 100 m 3 / h.

[0028] In step c, the orifice pipe has a length of 5 m.

[0029] In the step b, the openings of the advance interception and drainage holes are located at a position 5m back from both sides of the tunnel face.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0031] (1) The advanced interception and drainage holes are arranged and constructed before the tunnel excavation, which effectively reduces the difficulty, cost and construction period of the advanced water exploration and grouting water control project in the tunnel.

[0032] (2) The drainage project is small in volume, simple in construction, low in investment, and high in efficiency, which can effectively prevent sudden water accidents during the infrastructure construction period.

[0033] (3) Use the head pressure to press groundwater out of the borehole. At the same time, the amount of water released from the borehole can be controlled, which is convenient for mines to formulate drainage plans and investments.

[0034] (4) During the infrastructure construction period, the amount of drainage water discharged from the mine can be gradually increased, thereby gradually lowering the groundwater level in the mining area during the excavation of the mining tunnels. The infrastructure construction period and the drainage period are carried out simultaneously, thereby effectively shortening the construction period of the mine infrastructure and achieving the goal of mining as soon as the infrastructure construction is completed.

[0035] The present invention constructs advance water interception and drainage holes on both sides of the tunnel during the infrastructure construction period of the underground mine, after the permanent drainage system of the mine is formed. The method can not only reduce or alleviate the problems of water inrush and landslides faced by tunnel excavation by releasing water, but also increase the drainage volume underground during the infrastructure construction period, thereby gradually lowering the groundwater level in the mining area during the excavation of the development and mining tunnel, and creating conditions for mining operations after the tunnel is connected. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the cross section of the water interception and drainage tunnel in the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the longitudinal section of the water interception and drainage tunnel in the present invention.

[0038] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at AA in the middle.

[0039] The marks and corresponding component names shown in the figure are:

[0040] 1. Water interception and drainage tunnel; 2. Advance interception and drainage hole; 3. Orifice pipe; 4. Pipe valve; 5. PVC water pipe; 6. Drainage ditch; 11. Heading face. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] from Figure 1 and Figure 2 It can be seen that the tunnel advance interception and drainage method applicable to the mine infrastructure construction period of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0042] a. Determine the drainage tunnel 1

[0043] The quasi-development lanes in the drainage middle section that have been connected to the water tank, and other quasi-development lanes that have completed the construction of drainage ditches 6 and drainage wells and can discharge water to the drainage middle section are used as interception and drainage lanes 1;

[0044] b. Drill the first advance interception and drainage hole 2 in each interception and drainage tunnel 1.

[0045] According to the designed direction, the water interception and drainage tunnel is excavated, and the excavation is stopped at a position 10-20m away from the excavation starting point to form the first tunnel face 11. At the position 5m back from the sides of the tunnel face 11, an advance interception and drainage hole 2 with a hole depth of 30m and an opening diameter of φ108mm is drilled, that is, the distance L1 between the opening of the advance interception and drainage hole 2 and the tunnel face 11 is 5m;

[0046] c. Drainage water volume control project

[0047] An orifice pipe 3 with a length of 5 m is installed at the orifice of the advance interception drainage hole 2, and a pipe valve 4 for controlling the single-hole drainage flow is installed on the orifice pipe 3, and the outlet end of the pipe valve 4 is connected to the drainage ditch 6 through a PVC water pipe 5;

[0048] d. Determine the number n of advance interception and drainage holes 2 in each interception and drainage tunnel 1

[0049] According to the total drainage volume under the normal drainage capacity of the mine, the number n of advance interception and drainage holes 2 in each interception and drainage tunnel 1 is determined, and the formula is as follows:

[0050] n=B / (Qv·m),

[0051] Among them, B is the total drainage volume under normal drainage capacity of the well, in m 3 / h; Qv is the single hole drainage flow rate of the advance interception drainage hole, the unit is m 3 / h; m is the number of interception and drainage tunnels;

[0052] e. Determine the distance L3 between the advance interception and drainage holes 2 in each interception and drainage tunnel 1

[0053] According to the designed length L of each interception and drainage tunnel, the spacing L3 between the advance interception and drainage holes 2 in each interception and drainage tunnel 1 is determined by the following formula:

[0054] L3<(L-20) / (n-1), and 50m<L3<100m

[0055] Among them, L is the designed length of each interception and drainage tunnel, in meters;

[0056] f. Construct the second advanced interception and drainage hole 2 in each interception and drainage tunnel 1

[0057] A corresponding distance L3 is excavated forward in each interception and drainage tunnel to form a second tunnel face, and an advance interception and drainage hole 2 is drilled at the rear of both sides of the tunnel face. An orifice pipe 3 is installed at the orifice of the advance interception and drainage hole, and a pipe valve 4 for regulating the single-hole drainage flow is installed on the orifice pipe. The outlet end of the pipe valve is connected to the drainage ditch through a PVC water pipe 5;

[0058] g. Repeat step f to complete the construction process of all the advanced interception and drainage holes 2 in the interception and drainage tunnel 1.

[0059] In step b of the present invention, the distance L2 between the landing point of the advance interception and drainage hole 2 and the outside of the tunnel is 15m, the height H between the axis of the advance interception and drainage hole 2 and the bottom plate of the tunnel is 1.5m, and the axis of the advance interception and drainage hole 2 is arranged at an angle α with the direction of the water interception and drainage tunnel, and α is 30°.

[0060] In step b of the present invention, the water outlet of the advance interception drainage hole 2 with a hole depth of 0 to 10 m is sealed by grouting, and the advance interception drainage hole 2 with a hole depth of 10 to 30 m is the drainage section.

[0061] In step c of the present invention, the pipe valve for controlling the single hole drainage flow rate through the pipe valve is 60 to 100 m 3 / h.

Claims

1. A tunnel advance interception and drainage method suitable for the mine infrastructure period, characterized in that: The steps include: a. Determine the drainage tunnel (1) The quasi-development lanes in the drainage middle section that are connected to the water tank, and other quasi-development lanes that have completed the construction of drainage ditches (6) and drainage wells and can discharge water to the drainage middle section are used as water interception and drainage lanes (1); b. Drilling the first advance interception and drainage hole (2) in each interception and drainage tunnel (1) According to the designed direction, a water interception and drainage tunnel is excavated, and excavation is stopped at a position 10 to 20 meters away from the excavation starting point to form the first tunnel face (11), and an advance interception and drainage hole (2) is drilled at the rear of both sides of the tunnel face; c. Drainage water volume control project An orifice pipe (3) is installed at the orifice of the advance interception drainage hole, and a pipe valve (4) for regulating the single-hole drainage flow is installed on the orifice pipe, and the outlet end of the pipe valve is connected to the drainage ditch through a PVC water pipe (5); d. Determine the number n of advance interception and drainage holes (2) in each interception and drainage tunnel (1) According to the total drainage volume under the normal drainage capacity of the mine, the number n of the advance interception and drainage holes (2) in each interception and drainage tunnel (1) is determined by the following formula: n=B / (Qv·m), Among them, B is the total drainage volume under normal drainage capacity of the well, in m 3 / h; Qv is the single hole drainage flow rate of the advance interception drainage hole, the unit is m 3 / h; m is the number of interception and drainage tunnels; e. Determine the spacing L3 between the advance interception and drainage holes (2) in each interception and drainage tunnel (1) According to the designed length L of each interception and drainage tunnel, the spacing L3 between the advance interception and drainage holes (2) in each interception and drainage tunnel (1) is determined by the following formula: L3<(L-20) / (n-1), and 50m<L3<100m Among them, L is the designed length of each interception and drainage tunnel, in meters; f. Construct a second advanced interception and drainage hole (2) in each interception and drainage tunnel (1) A corresponding distance L3 is excavated forward in each interception and drainage tunnel to form a second tunnel face, and an advance interception and drainage hole (2) is drilled at the rear of both sides of the tunnel face. An orifice pipe (3) is installed at the orifice of the advance interception and drainage hole, and a pipe valve (4) for regulating the single-hole drainage flow is installed on the orifice pipe, and the outlet end of the pipe valve is connected to the drainage ditch through a PVC water pipe (5); g. Repeat step f to complete the construction process of all the advanced interception and drainage holes (2) in the interception and drainage tunnel (1).

2. The tunnel advance interception and drainage method applicable to the mine infrastructure construction period according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step b, the opening diameter of the advance interception and drainage hole is φ108mm, the landing point of the advance interception and drainage hole is 15m away from the outside of the tunnel, the height of the advance interception and drainage hole from the tunnel bottom plate is 1.5m, and the advance interception and drainage hole is arranged at an angle of 30° to the direction of the water interception and drainage tunnel.

3. The tunnel advance interception and drainage method applicable to the mine infrastructure construction period according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step b, the depth of the advance interception drainage hole is 30m, the water outlet of the advance interception drainage hole with a depth of 0 to 10m is sealed by grouting, and the section with a depth of 10 to 30m in the advance interception drainage hole is used as the drainage section.

4. The tunnel advance interception and drainage method applicable to the mine infrastructure period according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step c, the pipe valve for controlling the single hole drainage flow rate through the pipe valve is 60 to 100 m 3 / h.

5. The tunnel advance interception and drainage method applicable to the mine infrastructure construction period according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step c, the orifice pipe has a length of 5 m.

6. The tunnel advance interception and drainage method applicable to the mine infrastructure construction period according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step b, the openings of the advance interception and drainage holes are located at a position 5m back from both sides of the tunnel face.

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