Identification Method of Deformation Structure of Quaternary Soft Sediments
Through μ-XRF analysis and epoxy resin curing technology, combined with element distribution and particle characteristics, the deformation structure of Quaternary soft sediments can be accurately identified, solving the problem of low identification accuracy in existing technologies and achieving higher identification accuracy.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202210969172.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2022-08-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-03
- Estimated Expiration
- 2042-08-12
Smart Images
Figure CN115184392B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of Quaternary soft sediment deformation structures, and in particular to a method for identifying Quaternary soft sediment deformation structures. Background Art
[0002] Tectonic earthquakes, also known as "fault earthquakes," are a type of earthquake caused by faulting in the Earth's crust or lithosphere. Tectonic earthquakes often induce soft sediment deformation (SSD) in specific sedimentary environments, including liquefaction, gravity deformation, hydroplastic deformation, and other related deformations. These deformations are the most direct evidence of fault activity. Therefore, identifying soft sediment deformation structures is crucial for evaluating fault activity and regional crustal stability.
[0003] Generally speaking, the deformation structure of soft sediments can be clearly identified on geological profiles through lithologic observations. However, for Quaternary basins, since Quaternary outcrops exposed on the surface are extremely rare, relevant research on Quaternary soft sediments is highly dependent on drilling. However, there are often many vertically distributed heterogeneous structures developed in the drill cores. These heterogeneous structures may be soft sediment deformation or sedimentary in origin. At present, researchers can only identify the soft sediment deformation structure of drill cores by visual observation, but visual identification can only reveal a small amount of information and can only achieve qualitative judgment results. There are unfavorable factors such as limited field of view, human misjudgment, and low clarity, which affect the accuracy of identifying Quaternary soft sediment deformation in the cores. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art and provide a method for identifying the deformation structure of Quaternary soft sediments, which can identify a large amount of effective information and improve the accuracy of Quaternary soft sediment deformation identification.
[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a method for identifying deformation structures of Quaternary soft sediments, characterized by comprising the steps of:
[0006] Obtaining a Quaternary core sample to be identified, and using a cross section of the Quaternary core sample having a heterogeneous structure as a surface to be identified;
[0007] curing the Quaternary core sample with epoxy resin;
[0008] Drawing an element distribution map of the surface to be identified by μ-XRF analysis, and partitioning the surface to be identified according to element enrichment areas and element depletion areas of the element distribution map;
[0009] comparing whether substances in different areas of the surface to be identified are different substances;
[0010] If the element enrichment area and the element depletion area of the element distribution map are consistent with the heterogeneous regional distribution of the heterogeneous structure, and the materials in different areas of the surface to be identified are different materials, it is determined that the Quaternary core sample to be identified is a soft sediment deformation structure.
[0011] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention provides a method for identifying Quaternary soft sediment deformation structures. The method uses μ-XRF analysis technology combined with epoxy resin pretreatment of Quaternary core samples to accurately obtain the element distribution characteristics of Quaternary core samples. The Quaternary core samples are identified as soft sediment deformation structures based on the consistency between the element distribution characteristics and the heterogeneous structure observed by the naked eye, which can improve the accuracy of identifying Quaternary soft sediment deformation structures.
[0012] Furthermore, the element distribution diagram includes at least one of the following:
[0013] Element distribution map of iron, element distribution map of nickel, element distribution map of rubidium, element distribution map of chromium, element distribution map of silicon, element distribution map of aluminum, and element distribution map of potassium.
[0014] Furthermore, comparing whether the substances in different areas of the surface to be identified are different substances includes the steps of:
[0015] Identify the iron oxide on the surface to be identified. When the iron oxide in different areas of the surface to be identified is different, determine that the substances in the different areas of the surface to be identified are different substances.
[0016] Furthermore, comparing whether the substances in different areas of the surface to be identified are different substances includes the steps of:
[0017] The particle sizes of micron-scale particles in different regions of the surface to be identified are obtained. When the particle sizes of micron-scale particles in different regions of the surface to be identified are different, it is determined that the substances in the different regions of the surface to be identified are different substances.
[0018] Furthermore, comparing whether the substances in different areas of the surface to be identified are different substances includes the steps of:
[0019] identifying iron oxides on the surface to be identified;
[0020] Obtaining the micron-scale particle sizes of different regions of the surface to be identified;
[0021] When the iron oxides in different regions of the surface to be identified are different and the sizes of the micron-level particles in different regions of the surface to be identified are different, it is determined that the substances in different regions of the surface to be identified are different substances.
[0022] Furthermore, identifying the iron oxide on the surface to be identified comprises the steps of:
[0023] Scanning the surface to be identified by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy technology to obtain DRS first-order derivative curves of different areas of the surface to be identified;
[0024] The iron oxides in different regions of the surface to be identified are determined according to the visible light wavelength corresponding to the maximum peak of the first-order derivative curve of the DRS.
[0025] Furthermore, obtaining the micron-scale particle sizes of different regions of the surface to be identified includes the following steps:
[0026] The particle sizes of micron-sized particles in different areas of the surface to be identified are obtained through particle size analysis.
[0027] Furthermore, after the Quaternary core sample is cured by epoxy resin, the following steps are included:
[0028] The surface of the Quaternary core sample is polished.
[0029] Furthermore, after polishing the surface of the Quaternary core sample, the following steps are included:
[0030] The Quaternary core sample was cleaned with clean water and dust and powder on the surface of the Quaternary core sample was removed with an air gun.
[0031] Furthermore, before the Quaternary core sample is cured by epoxy resin, the following steps are included:
[0032] The surface of the Quaternary core sample was carefully smoothed using a flat-headed spatula, and debris particles on the surface of the Quaternary core sample were removed using a soft-bristled brush.
[0033] For better understanding and implementation, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0034] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a method for identifying deformation structures of Quaternary soft sediments according to an embodiment;
[0035] Figure 2 1 is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal section of an exemplary Quaternary core sample with heterogeneous structure;
[0036] Figure 3 for Figure 2 The element distribution map of iron in the longitudinal section of the Quaternary core sample obtained by μ-XRF analysis;
[0037] Figure 4 for Figure 2The element distribution map of nickel element in the longitudinal section of Quaternary core sample obtained by μ-XRF analysis;
[0038] Figure 5 for Figure 2 The element distribution map of rubidium in the longitudinal section of the Quaternary core sample obtained by μ-XRF analysis;
[0039] Figure 6 for Figure 2 The element distribution map of chromium in the longitudinal section of the Quaternary core sample obtained by μ-XRF analysis;
[0040] Figure 7 for Figure 2 The element distribution map of silicon element in the longitudinal section of Quaternary core sample obtained by μ-XRF analysis;
[0041] Figure 8 for Figure 2 The element distribution map of aluminum element in the longitudinal section of the Quaternary core sample obtained by μ-XRF analysis;
[0042] Figure 9 for Figure 2 The element distribution map of potassium in the longitudinal section of the Quaternary core sample obtained by μ-XRF analysis;
[0043] Figure 10 is a schematic longitudinal section diagram of a Quaternary core sample with a heterogeneous structure that has not been processed in step S12;
[0044] Figure 11 for Figure 10 The element distribution map of iron in the longitudinal section of the Quaternary core sample obtained by μ-XRF analysis is shown;
[0045] Figure 12 for Figure 10 The element distribution map of silicon element in the longitudinal section of Quaternary core sample obtained by μ-XRF analysis is shown;
[0046] Figure 13 for Figure 10 The element distribution map of potassium element in the longitudinal section of the Quaternary core sample is obtained by μ-XRF analysis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0047] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0048] It should be understood that the embodiments described are only a portion of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0049] When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. Instead, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present application, as detailed in the appended claims.
[0050] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence, nor can they be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances. In addition, in the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the previous and subsequent associated objects are in an "or" relationship.
[0051] Soft sediment deformation (SSD) is a type of sediment deformation induced by tectonic earthquakes caused by faults in the crust or lithosphere, including liquefaction deformation, gravity deformation, hydroplastic deformation and other related deformations. The soft sediment deformation structure presents a heterogeneous structure. The Quaternary soft sediment deformation structure is a soft sediment deformation structure located in the Quaternary rock strata. Since the Quaternary outcrops in the Quaternary basin are extremely rare, deep drilling is required to obtain the rocks of the Quaternary rock strata. Even if the rocks obtained by drilling have heterogeneous structures visible to the naked eye, they are not necessarily soft sediment deformation structures. Ordinary sedimentary causes can also cause rocks to present heterogeneous structures. Therefore, the present application provides a method for identifying Quaternary soft sediment deformation structures, which can identify whether the heterogeneous structure in the rocks of the Quaternary rock strata is a Quaternary soft sediment deformation structure, which is specifically explained through the following embodiments.
[0052] See also Figure 1 , which is a flow chart of a method for identifying deformation structures of Quaternary soft sediments according to an embodiment. The method comprises the following steps:
[0053] S11: obtaining a Quaternary core sample, and taking a cross section of the Quaternary core sample having a heterogeneous structure as a surface to be identified;
[0054] Among them, Quaternary cores are rocks in Quaternary rock formations, which can be obtained from Quaternary rock formations through drilling technology. Heterogeneous structure refers to a structure composed of two rocks with different shapes, such as different colors and textures. The areas obtained by dividing heterogeneous structures into different shapes are called heterogeneous regions. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal section of an exemplary Quaternary core sample with heterogeneous structure. The heterogeneous structure on the cross-section of the Quaternary core sample is composed of two sediments of different compositions, presenting two heterogeneous regions. As can be seen from this example, a heterogeneous region of one color surrounds a heterogeneous region of another color, and a serrated structure appears between the two heterogeneous regions. After obtaining the Quaternary core, the core can be cut vertically perpendicular to the ground using tools such as a wire saw or fishing line. If the cross-section exhibits heterogeneous structure, it serves as the surface to be identified. Scratches on the surface to be identified are then cleaned, and the core is then placed with the surface to be identified facing upward on an axially cut PVC tube to obtain a Quaternary core sample.
[0055] During the transportation of Quaternary core samples, they can be tightly wrapped with tin foil to protect them from environmental influences.
[0056] S12: Curing of Quaternary core samples by epoxy resin;
[0057] Before solidifying the Quaternary core sample, the surface to be identified of the Quaternary core sample can be cleaned first. First, use a clean flat-headed spatula to carefully smooth the surface to be identified of the Quaternary core sample, and then use a soft-bristled brush to remove the debris particles on the surface to be identified of the Quaternary core sample.
[0058] Epoxy resin is a binder used to cement loose rock samples. However, the Quaternary core sample has a high viscosity and can meet the requirements of being directly placed on the instrument for testing. In step S2, epoxy resin is used to solidify the Quaternary core sample. This is not a cementing treatment of the Quaternary core sample, but is to eliminate the slight fluctuations on the surface to be identified of the Quaternary core sample, making the surface to be identified smoother, which is conducive to the subsequent drawing of the element distribution map of the surface to be identified.
[0059] After curing is completed, if there is too thick epoxy resin on the surface to be identified, the surface to be identified of the Quaternary core sample needs to be polished until the epoxy resin on the surface to be identified of the Quaternary core sample is almost gone. After polishing is completed, the Quaternary core sample can be cleaned with clean water and the dust and powder on the surface to be identified of the Quaternary core sample can be removed with an air gun to ensure the flatness and cleanliness of the surface to be identified.
[0060] S13: Draw the element distribution map of the surface to be identified of the Quaternary core sample through μ-XRF analysis, and divide the surface to be identified into zones according to the element enrichment area and element depletion area of the element distribution map;
[0061] The element distribution map is a distribution feature map of a certain element on the surface to be identified, including element-enriched regions and element-depleted regions. The element-enriched regions correspond to the enriched parts of the certain element on the surface to be identified, and the element-depleted regions correspond to the depleted parts of the certain element on the surface to be identified. That is, the element-enriched regions and element-depleted regions are opposite. By partitioning the surface to be identified based on the element-enriched regions and element-depleted regions of the element distribution map, the enriched and depleted parts of the certain element on the surface to be identified can be distinguished, that is, the heterogeneous regions can be distinguished.
[0062] μ-XRF is a microbeam X-ray fluorescence analysis method, which is a semi-quantitative measurement method for the content of major elements on the sample surface. Using μ-XRF, the element distribution map of various elements on the sample surface can be obtained.
[0063] Please also see Figures 3 to 9 , respectively Figure 2 The elemental distribution maps of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), rubidium (Rb), chromium (Cr), silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), and potassium (K) obtained from μ-XRF analysis of a longitudinal cross-section of a Quaternary core sample are shown. It can be seen that the element-enriched and element-depleted areas in the elemental distribution maps correspond to two heterogeneous regions in the longitudinal cross-section of the Quaternary core sample. In other words, the elemental distribution maps of these elements can reflect the heterogeneous structure of the longitudinal cross-section of the Quaternary core sample, with the elemental distribution map of iron being the most representative of the heterogeneous structure of the longitudinal cross-section of the Quaternary core sample. The elemental distribution maps of iron and nickel show that the areas of iron enrichment and nickel depletion, respectively, represent two heterogeneous regions of the sample surface heterogeneity.
[0064] Also, see Figures 10-13 ,in, Figure 10 is a schematic longitudinal section diagram of a Quaternary core sample with a heterogeneous structure that has not been processed in step S12; Figures 11-13 They are Figure 10 The element distribution maps of iron, silicon and potassium in the longitudinal section of the Quaternary core sample are obtained by μ-XRF analysis. It can be seen that the element distribution map of iron can still clearly reflect the heterogeneous structure of the longitudinal section of the Quaternary core sample, but the element distribution map of silicon and potassium cannot reflect the heterogeneous structure of the longitudinal section of the Quaternary core sample. Figure 8 and Figure 10This indicates that after the fine treatment of epoxy resin in step S12, more accurate identification results can be obtained in μ-XRF analysis for elements whose enrichment areas and depletion areas are relatively close.
[0065] Also, please refer to Figure 7 Although new cracks will be generated on the Quaternary core sample after the processing in step S12, this does not affect the identification of the element characteristics of the to-be-identified surface of the Quaternary core sample.
[0066] S14: Compare the materials in different areas of the identified surface of the Quaternary core sample to see if they are different materials;
[0067] In an optional embodiment, step S14 includes the steps of: identifying iron oxides on the surface to be identified in the Quaternary core sample, and when the iron oxides in different regions of the surface to be identified are different, determining that the substances in the different regions of the surface to be identified are different substances;
[0068] Optionally, the surface of the Quaternary core sample to be identified can be scanned using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) technology to obtain DRS first-order derivative curves for different regions of the surface to be identified. DRS is a spectrum showing how the efficiency of diffuse reflectance produced when light is projected onto the surface of the Quaternary core sample to be identified varies with the wavelength of the incident visible light. Based on the visible light wavelength corresponding to the maximum peak of the first-order derivative curve of DRS, the occurrence form and proportion of iron oxides on the surface to be identified can be determined, thereby identifying the iron oxides on the surface of the Quaternary core sample to be identified.
[0069] In a specific implementation, DRS first-order derivative curves of different areas of the to-be-identified surface of a Quaternary core sample are obtained, wherein the maximum peak of the DRS first-order derivative curve of one area is located at a visible light wavelength of 565 nm, and the maximum peak is the characteristic peak of hematite, that is, the iron oxide in this area is hematite; the maximum peak of the DRS first-order derivative curve of another area is located at a visible light wavelength of 435 nm, and the maximum peak is the characteristic peak of goethite, that is, the iron oxide in this heterogeneous area is goethite.
[0070] In another optional embodiment, step S14 includes the steps of: obtaining the particle sizes of micron-sized particles in different regions of the surface to be identified of the Quaternary core sample, and determining that the substances in the different regions of the surface to be identified are different substances when the particle sizes of the micron-sized particles in different regions of the surface to be identified are different;
[0071] Alternatively, particle size analysis can be performed to determine the particle size of micron-sized particles in the identified surface of a Quaternary core sample. Particle size analysis can effectively distinguish the sizes of micron-sized particles in sediments, and differences in particle size can indicate differences in material composition. In one specific implementation, the particle size of particles in iron-rich areas is smaller than that of particles in iron-depleted areas.
[0072] In another optional embodiment, the steps included in step S14 may be a combination of the steps in the above two optional embodiments, and the combined step S14 includes the steps of: identifying iron oxides on the surface to be identified of the Quaternary core sample; obtaining the particle sizes of micron-sized particles in different regions of the surface to be identified of the Quaternary core sample; when the iron oxides in different regions of the surface to be identified are different and when the particle sizes of the micron-sized particles in different regions of the surface to be identified are different, determining that the substances in the different regions of the surface to be identified are different substances;
[0073] S15: Determine whether the Quaternary core sample is a soft sediment deformation structure based on the element distribution map and the comparison results of materials in different areas of the to-be-identified surface of the Quaternary core sample.
[0074] Specifically, if the distribution characteristics of the elements on the element distribution map are consistent with the morphology of the heterogeneous structure on the surface to be identified of the Quaternary core sample, that is, the element-enriched areas and the element-depleted areas of the element distribution map are consistent with the heterogeneous areas of the heterogeneous structure, and the materials in different areas of the surface to be identified of the Quaternary core sample are different materials, then the Quaternary core sample is determined to be a soft sediment deformation structure.
[0075] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention accurately obtains the element distribution characteristics of Quaternary core samples through μ-XRF analysis technology combined with epoxy resin pretreatment of Quaternary core samples. Based on the consistency between the element distribution characteristics and the heterogeneous structure observed by the naked eye, the Quaternary core samples are identified as soft sediment deformation structures, which can improve the accuracy of identifying Quaternary soft sediment deformation structures.
[0076] In addition, combining the iron oxide characteristics and particle size characteristics of Quaternary core samples as semi-quantitative indicators for judging the soft sediment deformation structure of Quaternary cores can further improve the accuracy of identifying the soft sediment deformation structure in Quaternary core samples.
[0077] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementations of the present invention. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the present invention is intended to encompass such modifications and variations.
Claims
1. A method for identifying deformation structures of Quaternary soft sediments, characterized in that: Including steps: Obtaining a Quaternary core sample to be identified, and using a cross section of the Quaternary core sample having a heterogeneous structure as a surface to be identified; The Quaternary core sample is cured with epoxy resin, and the surface of the Quaternary core sample to be identified is polished until the epoxy resin on the surface of the Quaternary core sample to be identified is almost gone, and then dust and powder on the surface of the Quaternary core sample to be identified are removed; Drawing an element distribution map of the surface to be identified by μ-XRF analysis, and partitioning the surface to be identified according to element enrichment areas and element depletion areas of the element distribution map; The surface to be identified of the Quaternary core sample is scanned using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to obtain DRS first-order derivative curves of different regions of the surface to be identified. Based on the visible light wavelength corresponding to the maximum peak of the first-order derivative curve of the DRS, the materials in different regions of the surface to be identified are compared to determine whether they are different substances. If the element enrichment area and the element depletion area of the element distribution diagram are consistent with the heterogeneous area distribution of the heterogeneous structure, and the materials in different areas of the surface to be identified are different materials, it is determined that the Quaternary core sample to be identified is a soft sediment deformation structure.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The element distribution diagram includes at least one of the following: Element distribution map of iron, element distribution map of nickel, element distribution map of rubidium, element distribution map of chromium, element distribution map of silicon, element distribution map of aluminum, and element distribution map of potassium.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Comparing whether the substances in different areas of the surface to be identified are different substances includes the steps of: Identify the iron oxide on the surface to be identified. When the iron oxide in different areas of the surface to be identified is different, determine that the substances in the different areas of the surface to be identified are different substances.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein Comparing whether the substances in different areas of the surface to be identified are different substances includes the steps of: identifying iron oxides on the surface to be identified; Obtaining the micron-scale particle sizes of different regions of the surface to be identified; When the iron oxides in different regions of the surface to be identified are different and the sizes of the micron-level particles in different regions of the surface to be identified are different, it is determined that the substances in different regions of the surface to be identified are different substances.
5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that Obtaining the micron-scale particle sizes of different regions of the surface to be identified includes the following steps: The particle sizes of micron-sized particles in different areas of the surface to be identified are obtained through particle size analysis.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After polishing the surface of the Quaternary core sample, the method includes the following steps: The Quaternary core sample was cleaned with clean water and dust and powder on the surface of the Quaternary core sample was removed with an air gun.
7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Before the Quaternary core samples are cured with epoxy resin, the following steps are included: The surface of the Quaternary core sample was carefully smoothed using a flat-headed spatula, and debris particles on the surface of the Quaternary core sample were removed using a soft-bristled brush.