A 4D printed deformable propeller
Through 4D printing technology, the deformable propeller blades are formed integrally, combined with titanium alloy and bidirectional shape memory alloy, and the blade angle changes are achieved using electric heating materials, solving the problem of insufficient propeller accuracy and bearing capacity in the existing technology, and achieving flexible adjustment of propulsion efficiency and The effect of noise performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202210810906.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2022-07-11
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-17
- Estimated Expiration
- 2042-07-11
AI Technical Summary
The existing deformable propellers have low machining accuracy and limited load capacity, making it difficult to achieve low noise and high thrust requirements under specific speeds and operating conditions.
The deformable propeller blades are integrally formed using 4D printing technology, combining rigid titanium alloy and flexible bidirectional shape memory alloy, and using electric heating materials to achieve the angle changes of the blades, improving the forming accuracy and bearing capacity.
It realizes high-precision blade forming and improves the bearing capacity of the propeller, can flexibly adjust propulsion efficiency and noise performance, and meets the requirements of low noise and high thrust.
Smart Images
Figure CN115195977B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of propeller blade structure design, and in particular relates to an integrated formed controllable deformation propeller based on 4D printing technology. Background Art
[0002] As an important way of ship propulsion, propeller propulsion has become an important technology for research and development in the ship field due to its superior performance and wide application scenarios. With the continuous development of the ship field itself, higher requirements have been put forward for propeller propulsion efficiency, cavitation performance, and noise performance.
[0003] Most propellers used in surface and underwater vehicles are fixed-blade propellers. The shape of the blades cannot be changed during navigation, and the shape of the blades cannot be adjusted in real time under specific speeds and operating conditions to achieve requirements such as improving propulsion efficiency, delaying cavitation, and reducing noise.
[0004] Currently, there are also designs of deformable propellers in public reports, but the deformable parts of these deformable propellers are composed of a deformable skeleton and a skin. The skeleton is generally made of a two-way shape memory polymer or shape memory alloy wire, and the skin is generally made of a flexible non-metallic material. The propeller can be deformed by driving the shape memory polymer or shape memory alloy wire to deform through a heat source, but the processing accuracy of this deformable propeller is not high, and the load-bearing capacity is limited, making it difficult to achieve the requirements of low noise and high thrust. Summary of the invention
[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a 4D printed deformable propeller, the blades of the propeller are integrally formed through 4D printing, which can meet the low noise and high thrust requirements of the propeller, and the adjustment method is flexible.
[0006] A 4D printed deformable propeller comprises a hub and deformable blades. A plurality of deformable blades are evenly arranged along a circumferential direction and fixedly mounted on the hub. The deformable blades are integrally formed by 4D printing. A heating component is provided inside the deformable blades. When the temperature of the heating component rises, the blade material is deformed, and finally the angle of the deformable blade is changed.
[0007] Furthermore, the deformable blade consists of a rigid blade and a flexible blade; the rigid blade is made of titanium alloy material by 3D printing, the flexible blade is made of bidirectional shape memory alloy by 4D printing, and electric heating material is arranged inside the flexible blade.
[0008] Furthermore, the components of the bidirectional memory alloy of the flexible blade are nickel, titanium and copper, and the mass percentages of nickel, titanium and copper are: Ni: 49.5-50.6%, Ti 44.5-45.4%, Cu: 4.0-6.0%.
[0009] Furthermore, a dual-nozzle 4D printing device is used when printing the flexible blades to print the electrothermal material together with the flexible blades.
[0010] Furthermore, the thickness of the bidirectional shape memory alloy of the flexible blade is 0.8 mm to 1 mm.
[0011] Furthermore, a corresponding position is selected on the flexible blade to perform two-way shape memory alloy deformation recovery training, so that the flexible blade can be deformed at the position.
[0012] Furthermore, when the phase transition temperature of the bidirectional memory alloy is 50 degrees, an electric excitation of 200W to 300W power is applied to the electrothermal material to increase its temperature. As the temperature of the electrothermal material increases, the temperature of the shape memory alloy adjacent to it also increases. When the temperature reaches the phase transition temperature, the flexible blades deform accordingly.
[0013] Furthermore, when an electrical excitation of 200 W is applied to the electrothermal material, the flexible blades achieve a deformation of 5 degrees after 60 seconds of power-on, and a deformation of 10 degrees after 120 seconds of power-on. When an electrical excitation of 300 W is applied to the electrothermal material, the flexible blades achieve a deformation of 5 degrees after 40 seconds of power-on, and a deformation of 10 degrees after 80 seconds of power-on.
[0014] Beneficial effects:
[0015] 1. The deformable blade of the present invention is integrally formed by 4D printing. Due to the high forming precision of 4D printing, the 4D printed propeller blade can not only realize the integrated forming of the blade to improve the forming precision, but also ensure the spatial curved surface shape of the blade. Since the blade is integrally formed, the bearing capacity of the propeller is greatly improved compared with the blade with a deformable skeleton and skin structure.
[0016] 2. The deformable blade of the present invention is composed of a rigid blade, a flexible blade and an electrothermal material. The rigid blade is made of titanium alloy material by 3D printing, and the flexible blade and the electrothermal material are made by 4D printing on the basis of the rigid blade. The electrothermal material is located inside the flexible blade. Since the rigid blade itself does not deform, the force of the deformable blade is mainly borne by the rigid blade. The flexible blade is integrally formed on the basis of the rigid blade. Although it can be deformed when the electrothermal material produces temperature changes, it can still maintain good mechanical properties.
[0017] 3. The components of the bidirectional memory alloy of the flexible blade of the present invention are nickel, titanium and copper. The mass percentages of nickel, titanium and copper are: Ni: 49.5-50.6%, Ti 44.5-45.4%, Cu: 4.0-6.0%. The mass percentage composition of the above three substances can ensure that the bidirectional memory alloy can produce a specific deformation angle under the electrical excitation of the rated current.
[0018] 4. According to the simulation experiment results, the present invention can select a corresponding position on the flexible blade to perform two-way shape memory alloy deformation recovery training, so that the flexible blade can be deformed at the position, which can improve the efficiency of the propeller and reduce noise. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] Figure 1 This is a front view of the 4D printed deformable propeller of the present invention;
[0020] Figure 2 A side view of the 4D printed deformable propeller of the present invention;
[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the appearance structure of the deformable blade before deformation;
[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the appearance structure of the deformable blade at different angles after deformation.
[0023] Among them, 1-hub, 2-deformable blades, 2-1-rigid blades, 2-2-flexible blades, 2-3-electrothermal material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0025] The present invention provides a 4D printed deformable propeller, as shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown, the deformable propeller includes a hub 1 and deformable blades 2. A plurality of deformable blades 2 are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction and fixedly mounted on the hub 1. The deformable blades 2 are integrally formed by 4D printing. The deformable blades consist of rigid blades and flexible blades. The rigid blades are made of titanium alloy material by 3D printing, and the flexible blades are made of bidirectional shape memory alloy by 4D printing. The flexible blades are provided with electric heating materials inside, as shown in the attached Figure 2 shown.
[0026] The components of the bidirectional memory alloy of the flexible blade 2-2 are nickel, titanium and copper, and the mass percentages of nickel, titanium and copper are: Ni: 49.5-50.6%, Ti 44.5-45.4%, Cu: 4.0-6.0%.
[0027] When printing the flexible blade, a dual-nozzle 4D printing device is used to print the electric heating material 2-3 together with the flexible blade 2-2.
[0028] The shape of the deformable blade 2 before deformation is shown in the attached figure. Figure 3 As shown, when the aircraft needs to perform multiple tasks, in order to achieve the best working state when performing a certain task, it may be necessary to improve the propulsion efficiency of the propeller, increase the thrust or reduce the noise. At this time, the blade shape of the controllable deformable propeller of the present invention can be changed, and different powers (200W~300W) of electrical excitation are applied to the electrothermal material in the flexible blade of the present invention to increase its temperature. As the temperature of the electrothermal material increases, the temperature of the shape memory alloy adjacent to it also increases. When the temperature reaches the phase transition temperature (the phase transition temperature of the shape memory alloy is 50 degrees), the flexible blade produces a deformation of 5 to 10 degrees, thereby driving the shape of the propeller to change, and the thrust, working efficiency or noise of the propeller can be changed in real time. When the aircraft is in other working conditions, the electrical excitation of the electrothermal material can be stopped, and the propeller will return to its previous shape, realizing the controllable deformation of the propeller. The shape of the deformable blade 2 after deformation is as shown in the attached figure. Figure 4 shown.
[0029] In summary, the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A 4D printed deformable propeller, comprising a hub and deformable blades, wherein a plurality of deformable blades are evenly arranged along a circumferential direction and fixedly mounted on the hub, characterized in that: The deformable blade is integrally formed by 4D printing, and a heating component is provided inside the deformable blade. When the temperature of the heating component increases, the blade material is deformed, and finally the angle of the deformable blade is changed; The deformable blades are composed of rigid blades and flexible blades, and the rigid blades and the flexible blades are distributed left and right in the radial direction of the hub; The rigid blade is made of titanium alloy material by 3D printing, and the flexible blade is made of bidirectional shape memory alloy by 4D printing. The flexible blade is provided with electric heating material inside. When an electric excitation with a power of 200 W is applied to the electric heating material, the flexible blade achieves a deformation of 5 degrees after 60 seconds of power-on, and a deformation of 10 degrees after 120 seconds of power-on. When an electric excitation with a power of 300 W is applied to the electric heating material, the flexible blade achieves a deformation of 5 degrees after 40 seconds of power-on, and a deformation of 10 degrees after 80 seconds of power-on. The components of the bidirectional memory alloy of the flexible blade are nickel, titanium and copper, and the mass percentages of nickel, titanium and copper are: Ni: 49.5-50.6%, Ti 44.5-45.4%, Cu: 4.0-6.0%.
2. The 4D printed deformable propeller according to claim 1, characterized in that: When printing the flexible blades, a dual-nozzle 4D printing device is used to print the electric heating material together with the flexible blades.
3. The 4D printed deformable propeller according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the bidirectional shape memory alloy of the flexible blade is 0.8 mm to 1 mm.
4. The 4D printed deformable propeller according to claim 3, characterized in that: A corresponding position is selected on the flexible blade to carry out two-way shape memory alloy deformation recovery training, so that the flexible blade can be deformed at the position.
5. The 4D printed deformable propeller according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the phase transition temperature of the bidirectional memory alloy is 50 degrees, an electrical excitation of 200W to 300W power is applied to the electrothermal material to increase its temperature. As the temperature of the electrothermal material increases, the temperature of the adjacent shape memory alloy also increases. When the temperature reaches the phase transition temperature, the flexible blades deform accordingly.